Experiment 26
Aim: To identify the functional group present in the given organic compound.
Apparatus required: Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper, beaker, glass rod, water bath.
Chemicals required: Bromine water, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), neutral FeCl₃ solution, sodium metal,
2,4-DNP solution, Tollen’s reagent, conc. HCl, chloroform (CHCl₃), alcoholic KOH.
Qualitative analysis for the given organic compound
Experiment Observations Inference
1. Test for unsaturation: Dissolved 0.2 ml of organic Brown colour of No unsaturation is
compound in 2 ml CCl₄. Then added bromine-water dropwise. bromine not discharged. present.
2. Test for carboxylic group: Brisk effervescence Carboxylic group
(a) NaHCO₃ test: Added a pinch of NaHCO₃ to 0.2 ml of due to evolution of (-COOH) is present.
organic compound in a test tube. CO2.
(b) Ester test: Heated 1 ml of compound with alcohol and a Fruity /pleasant smell Carboxylic group
few drops of conc. H₂SO₄. of ester observed. (-COOH) is present.
3. Test for phenolic group: Add 0.2 ml of organic compound No green or violet Phenolic group is
to 2–3 ml neutral FeCl₃ solution in a test tube. colour obtained. absent.
4. Test for alcoholic group: Added a small piece of sodium No effervescence. Alcoholic group is
to 1 ml of the given liquid in a dry test tube. absent.
5. Test for carbonyl group: Shook 0.2 ml of OC with 2-3ml No precipitate formed, Carbonyl group is
of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine in a test tube. solution remains clear absent.
6. Test for aldehydic group: Warmed 1 ml of OC 1 ml No observation. Aldehyde is absent.
Tollen’s reagent in a test tube over a water bath.
7. Test for amino group: To a small amount of OC liquid in No offensive smelling Amino group
test tube, added 1 ml conc. HCl and a few drops of CHCl₃. gas evolved. absent.
Then, added 2ml of alc. KOH solution and warmed test tube.
Precautions:
Bromine water is toxic, handle carefully.
Sodium reacts vigorously, use very small pieces.
Work in a well-ventilated area when using chloroform.
Wear gloves and safety goggles.
Result: Brisk effervescence with NaHCO₃ confirms the presence of carboxylic acid group in the given organic
compound.
[WRITE BELOW PART ON BLANK PAGE]
Reactions:
1. NaHCO₃ test
2. Esterification test
