Department of Distance Education

Punjabi University, Patiala

Class : [Link].-I Semester : 2

Paper : XIV (Enriching Learning Through ICT) Unit: 2
Medium : English

Lesson No.
2.1 : Using Computer and internet in education, ICT in teacher
education Developing Techno-Pedagogic skill
2.2 : Multimedia courseware, internet resources
2.3 : New trends in ICT: Smart classroom virtual classroom,
mobile learning, On-line learning

Department website : [Link]

[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 19 Paper-XIV

[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) Paper-XIV

Enriching Learning through ICT

Lesson No. 2.1 Author: Dr. Pinki Malik

USING COMPUTER AND INTERNET IN EDUCATION

ICT IN TEACHER EDUCATION
Structure of the Lesson
2.1.1 Objectives
2.1.2 Introduction
2.1.3 Computers in Education
2.1.3.1Advantages of Computers in Education
2.1.4 Internet in Education
2.1.4.1Benefits of the Internet in the field of education
2.1.5 Demerits of Computers and Internet
2.1.6 ICT in Teacher Education
2.1.1.6Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
2.1.2.6Pedagogical Innovations with the use of ICT
2.1.7 Summary
2.1.8 Suggested questions
2.1.9 Suggested readings

2.1.1 Objectives
After going through this lesson, the learner would be able to:
i. Define the concept and uses of computer
ii. Understand about the use of internet in education
iii. Define the information and communication technology (ICT)
iv. Know the role of ICT in teacher education
v. To maximise the learning capability of Learners.

2.1.2 Introduction
A computer is an electronic programmable machine designed to perform
arithmetic and logical operations and which can process large amount of
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 20 Paper-XIV

data with very high speed and accuracy. Computer components are
divided into two major categories namely hardware and software.
Hardware is the machine itself and its connected devices such as monitor,
keyboard, mouse etc. Software is the set of programs that make use of
hardware for performing various functions. Teachers’ main goal is to
search new ways and opportunities of teaching. Of course it depends on
the new techniques, informational-audio visual appliances and those
specific pedagogic technologies which are realized by means of modern
informational-computer ways. It is important to use properly these
distinctive opportunities what informational and communicative
technologies give us.
2.1.3 Computers in Education
Computers play a vital role in every field especially in education. This is
also why the education system has made computer education a part of
school curriculum. Considering the use of computer technology is almost
every sphere of life, it is important for everyone to have at least the basic
knowledge of using computers. Now there is a discussion about what role
computer technology plays in the education sector.
Computer technology has had a deep impact on the education sector.
Thanks to computers, imparting education has become easier and much
more interesting than before. Owing to memory capacities of computers,
large data can be stored in them. They make possible immediate
processing of data with very less or no chances of errors in processing.
Storing documents on computers in the form of soft copies instead of
hard ones helps save paper.
Computer teaching plays a key role in the modern education system.
Students find it easier to refer to the Internet than searching for
information in books. The process of learning has gone beyond learning
from prescribed textbooks. Internet is a much larger and easier-to-access
storehouse of information. When it comes to storing retrieved information,
it is easier done on computers than maintaining hand-written notes.
Most commonly Components of ICT used in education are:
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 21 Paper-XIV

1. Internet
2. email
3. Google Drive
4. wiki educator
[Link] Advantages of Computers in Education
1. Computers are used as a teaching aid
Computer technology has made the distance learning easy. There are
many online educational courses, whereby students are not required to
attend classes or be physically present for lectures. They can learn from
the comfort of their homes and adjust timings as per their convenience.
2. Computers have given energy to distance education
Computers facilitate effective presentation of information. Presentation
software like PowerPoint and animation software like Flash among others
can be of great help to teachers while delivering lectures. Computers
facilitate audio-visual representation of information, thus making the
process of learning interactive and interesting. Computer-aided teaching
adds a fun element to education. Teachers hardly use chalk and board
today. The otherwise not-so-interesting lessons become interesting due to
audio-visual effects. With the help of visual aid, difficult subjects can be
explained in better ways.
3. Computer helps better presentation of information during
classroom teaching
Internet plays an important role in education. The Internet can be used to
refer to information on different subjects. Both teachers and students get
benefit from the Internet. Teachers can refer to it for supplementary
information and references on the topics to be taught. Students can refer
to web sources for supplementary information on subjects of their
interest. The Internet helps teachers set test papers, frame questions for
home assignments and decide project topics. Teachers can use web
sources for ideas on sports competitions, co-curricular activities, and
many more.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 22 Paper-XIV

4. Computers enable access to the Internet

Both teachers and students benefit from the use of computer
technology. Presentations, notes and test papers can be stored and
transferred easily over computer storage devices. Similarly, students
can submit homework and assignments as soft copies. The electronic
format makes data storage more durable. By electronic means erasable
memory devices can be used repetitively. They offer strong storage of
data and reliable data retrieval.
5. Useful for students, teachers, counsellors, educational
administrator and planners computers along with internet are very
much beneficial in carrying out and executing the various policies of
education and educational researches also.
2.1.4 Internet in Education
Internet is the most useful technology of modern times which helps us
not only in our daily lives but also in professional lives. For educational
purposes, it is widely used to gather information and to do research or
add to the knowledge of various subjects. Internet plays a very vital role
in education. It is no doubt that in this modern era everyone prefers
Google for their queries, problems or doubts. Popular search engines like
Yahoo, Google, etc. are the topmost choice of people as this offer an easy
and instant reach to the vast amount of information in just a few
seconds. It contains a rich knowledge that can be searched at any time.
The internet has introduced improvements in technology,
communication, and online entertainment.
[Link] Benefits of the Internet in the field of education
1. Affordable Education in respect to all
The Internet improves the quality of education, which is one of the pillars
of sustainable expansion. It provides education through Videos (like
YouTube tutorial videos) and web tutorials which is affordable to everyone
and it is also cost-effective in terms of internet facility.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 23 Paper-XIV

2. Pupil –Teacher and Peer Interaction

Individual can be in constant touch with their teachers or with other
fellow classmates with the help of internet. Parents can interact as well as
communicate with teachers and school authorities about their kid’s
performance in the school. Interaction with the likeminded people on
forums can help students to explore new ideas and enrich their store
house of knowledge.
3. Effective Teaching and Learning Tool
The Internet has become a chief tool for effective teaching as well as a
learning tool. Teachers can use it as a teaching tool in order to gain
students’ achievement. The learning process becomes interesting and
diverse with its use. Teachers can teach with the use of animation,
PowerPoint slides, and images to capture the students’ concentration.

4. Easy access to Quality Education

Teachers can make use of the internet by proving the students with extra
study material and resources such as interactive lessons, educational
quiz as well as tutorials. Teachers can record their lectures and provide it
to the students for revisions which are better than reading from notes.

5. Interaction with Digital Media

Regular use of digital media is one of the most basic parts of our lives.
Digital bulletin boards save paper, allow displaying of videos and audios
to attract the attention of students. Currently, there are many paid sites
which provide education resources which are rich in quality and easily
understandable to masses.

6. Keeping you most up-to-date Information

Information is the biggest advantage which the internet is gift. There is a
huge amount of information available for every subject. It keeps us up to
date with the latest information regarding the modern as well as
traditional subjects.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 24 Paper-XIV

7. Learning with Multimedia

It helps the students with the learning process as it helps to simplify the
knowledge. Also, it helps to visualize what is being taught by the teachers
in school. If you want to prepare for final exams, you can access Video
Tutorials and other resources online through the Internet.
The Internet is a boon to the people, which is used all over the world.
Hence, it should be used for good purpose. It has had a great impact on
imparting education to the children. If this is used in appropriate ways
that meet student’s development level, they can benefit and learn from
the Internet. In spite of all there are some demerits of computers
also.
2.1.5 Demerits of Computers and Internet

 Technological independence is increasing day by day. When

computers and other technological tools are used constantly,
students develop a dependence upon these tools. Just as pupils
who are never required to do math without a calculator lose the
ability to solve math problems manually, students who use
computers for nearly every activity experience a decline in their
ability to spell and even write by hand.
 Much strain on the eyes of an individual if they use computers for
long time.
 Too much sitting is also not good for health.
 Computers decrease memory level of the students.
 Too much multitasking is also not good and it leads to short
attention span.
 Loss of privacy is also observed. We store so much data through
different apps in computers. It is at risk. Once a wicked person has
your personal information, they could access your online accounts
or use identity theft to open other accounts, such as a debit card,
online baking, mobile banking, credit card under your name etc.
 Internet has a lot of wrong information. Anyone can post anything,
and much of it is rubbish.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 25 Paper-XIV

 Internet is the path of hacker. Hackers can create viruses that can
get into your personal computer and ruin precious data by using
internet.
 Internet has a lot of “cheater” sites; one can’t believe all sites or link
because most of them are false.
 Internet is the source of addiction. Some people are getting addicted
to the internet and thus causing problems with their interactions of
friends and loved ones.
2.1.6 ICT in Teacher Education
The classroom is now shifting its look from the traditional one
modern, from one way to two way communication. Now teachers as
well as students take part in classroom discussion. Now Education is
based on child-centric education. So the teacher should practise to
cope up with different tools of technology for using them in the
classroom for making teaching learning easy and interested. For
effective implementation of certain student centric methodologies
which puts the students in the role of energetic researches and
technology becomes the appropriate tool. ICT has enabled superior
and swifter communication; presentation of ideas more effective and
relevant way. It is an efficient tool for information and they are now
more informed then before. So on this grounds ICT is very much
necessary for Teacher Education
[Link] Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
‘Information Communication Technology’ is the extension of term
‘Information Technology’ and has addition of one more acronym
‘Communication’. Information technology generally refers to the use of
computer for storing and sharing data or information. It may be defined
as the entire information domain which includes software, hardware and
networking. On the other hand, the term ICT includes other
communication devices like radio, television, smart phone along with
computer for receiving, storing, retrieving, manipulating and transmitting
information digitally. It is commonly used in academic ground and
generally described as one of the specialized branch of Information
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 26 Paper-XIV

Technology. Information is a structured, organized meaningful and

processed data. To process the data and convert into information, a
computer is used.
[Link] Pedagogical Innovations with the use of ICT
Technology supported Pedagogical innovations has brought multiple
series of innovations in educational experiences. These changes could be
identified in terms of instructional strategies, role of teachers and
learners, unique ways of assessing learning outcome, vibrant and
dynamic classrooms.
The modern trends in form of Online courses, e- learning technologies,
social networking tools, and other emerging technologies are being
popular among the young generation and further leads to technology
supported pedagogical innovation with full access of information
communication technology. There is variety of digital tools and
technologies available for making pedagogical designs and planning
instructional practice for excellent educational experiences. Here we will
discuss some digital tools which can be of use in this regard.
Virtual learning environment Tools:
Learning Management system: When learning material and learning
experiences are transacted through internet or web, it is called Virtual
Learning Environment. This is also called Learning Management System
and Content Learning Management System. The main characteristics of
this LMS are Rubrics, teacher and student role, a discussion board,
educational resources along with variety of functionality. It is of both
types; paid as well as free of cost.
Example:
 Moodle
 Google Classroom
 Zillearn
 Canvas
 Open edx
 Chamilo
 Creative cloud
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 27 Paper-XIV

We can discuss ‘Moodle’ for understanding the concept. It stands for

“Modular Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment”. Moodle was
developed to help educators to create online courses. Moodle is a “free
and open source of learning management system” have general public
license. Moodle can be used in various ways in the classroom for flipped
classroom, blended learning, distance learning and other e-learning
projects in schools, workplace, institutions, and universities and other
sectors. It is used to create a private websites by trainers to achieve
learning goals. The first version of Moodle was released on 20 August
2002 and continues evolution with the changing world.
Lecture Capture tools: Lecture capture is quite a broad term. It is
concerned with a process which is used for recording classroom lectures
as a video lesson. After the class, these videos can be seen and reviewed
by the students. It consists of a variety of solutions, applications, software
and hardware. Lecture capture is an excellent tool of Virtual Learning
Environment for moving lecture outside from the class for flipped
classroom learning. Lecture Capture Tools allow instructors to create
recordings of classroom lectures or presentations, including audio, video
and screen content, and share them with students online. Examples are:
 Screencastify
 Screencast-o-matic
 CamStudio
 Presentaion Tube
 Interactive Web Conferencing: This may be readable on computers
and electronic device. Sites with free eBooks as follows:
 Free Computer Science Books
 [Link]
 FreeTechBooks
 Google Books
 Internet Archive
 Screen sharing
 Wikibooks
 Audacity
 Prezi
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 28 Paper-XIV

Social Media Tools: Social media tools helps in boosting the educational
experiences in more stylish way because in 21st century our pedagogical
concern and skills must be ready to tackle with the significant changes
coupled with technology supported pedagogical innovations. In this new
age, where learners are digital native, social media may be highly utilized
as a pedagogical tool where students would not get only information from
his teachers but share, collaborate, reflect and apply with broader
community and learns life skills. Social media helps to communicate and
cultivate relationships among society for schools and institutions.
Examples are:
There are various tools from which teachers can sharpen 4Cs of 21st
century skills as Critical Understanding, Communication, Creativity,
Collaboration etc. Examples of these are as follows:
 Facebook
 Twitter
 Blooger
 Youtube
 Instagram
 TeacherTube
 Pinterest
 Podcasts
 EduBlogs
Digital Resources to sustain teaching and learning: Digital resources
can be highly utilized in a variety of ways to support teaching and
learning. Electronic grade books, digital portfolios, learning games, and
real-time feedback on teacher and student performance can be used to
empower learning. Here are some examples of digital resources to support
teaching and learning.
Presentation Software: This is a software package which is used to
exhibit or display information in the form of a slideshow or video. It has
three main characteristics as text editor, graphic images, music tune that
support teaching learning resources in a brilliant way. Examples of these
are PowerPoint, PREZZI, Slide share, Keynote, etc.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 29 Paper-XIV

YouTube Videos: By utilization of YouTube video as educational

resources, we can explore new connections between curriculum topics
and world outside from the classroom.
Storyboard: A storyboard is a graphic manager in the form of
illustrations or images displayed in series for the purpose of pre-
visualizing of motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive
media sequence. There also exits written script about what’s going on in
each frame. Storyboards can be simple or complex. It is hand-drawn, but
we can use story board software to create images for making video.
2.1.7 Summary
Computers along with internet can bring the revolutions in the traditional
classrooms. ICT based Pedagogical innovations has brought so many
innovations in educational experiences. The reflection of these revolutions
can be observed and recognized in pedagogical designs of teaching
strategies, instructional leadership, assessment strategies, teacher taught
relationship along with vibrant and dynamic classrooms.
2.1.8 Suggested Questions
Q.1. Define the concept of computers.
Q.2. Explain the advantages of computers in education.
Q.3. What is the role of internet in education?
Q.4. Discuss the demerits of computers and internet in education.
Q.5. How use of ICT can bring changes in the Indian traditional
classrooms? Discuss in detail.
Q.6. What kind of Pedagogical Innovations can be used in schools?
Q.7. Name some lecture capture tools of teaching.

2.1.9 Suggested Readings

 [Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link] 2017
 [Link]
classroom-changing-culture-learning
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 30 Paper-XIV

 [Link]
learning-environment
 [Link]
every-virtual-learning-environment-needs
 [Link]
learning
 [Link]
learning/curriculum-and-materials/information-and-
communication-technology-ict
 [Link]
01461
Difference between Games and Simulations | Difference Between
 [Link]
games-and-simulations/#ixzz5xVBdHHtf
 [Link]
[Link]
 Online refresher course “pedagogical innovations and research
methodology” conducted by GJU of S&T, Hisar.
 [Link]
[Link]
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 31 Paper-XIV

[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) Paper-XIV

Enriching Learning through ICT

Lesson No. 2.2 Author: Dr. Pinki Malik

MULTIMEDIA COURSEWARE AND INTERNET RESOURCES

Structure of the Lesson
2.1.1 Objectives
2.1.2 Introduction
2.1.3 Meaning and definition of Techno Pedagogic Skills
2.1.4 ICT competencies for teachers
2.1.5 NCERT Recommendations For Developing Techno-Pedagogic Skills
Among Teachers
2.1.6 Uses of Techno-Pedagogy
2.1.7 Multimedia courseware
2.1.8 Internet resources
2.1.9 Summary
2.1.10 Suggested Questions
2.1.11 Suggested Readings

2.1.1 Objectives
After going through this lesson, the learner would be able to:
i. acquainted with the ICT’s competencies required for a teacher
ii. develop the techno-pedagogic skills
iii. use techno-pedagogic skills during teaching-learning process
iv. know about the multimedia courseware and internet resources
v. to maximise the learning capability of Learners

2.1.2 Introduction
Techno pedagogical skills are very useful in making teaching learning
process a joyful experience as it would make notable changes in the
interaction pattern of teachers. Techno Pedagogy contains pedagogical
thinking. Pedagogy without technology can exist, but there is no existence
of technology without pedagogy in bringing high learner outcome. To have
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 32 Paper-XIV

best results of pedagogical innovations it is necessary that knowledge of

pedagogy and technology go hand in hand, and for the purpose, a teacher
may use Whatsapp, Twitter, Face book, messanger, etc. for learning and
teaching process. A teacher must know the handling of ICT tools for the
sake of equipped with techno- pedagogical skills. Techno-pedagogy refers
to weaving the techniques of the craft of teaching into the learning
environment itself. It requires conscious recognition of the mediated
learning environment in order to maximize the ease and clarity in the
transmission of information. Using techno-pedagogical skills in teaching
and learning will improve the quality of education.
2.1.3 Meaning and definition of techno-pedagogic skills
‘Pedagogy’ refers to the art-science of teaching and ‘techno’ refers to the
art-skill in handwriting derived from the Latin 'texere' (to weave or
fabricate). Here, 'techno' is a qualifier; it intersects or crosses the meaning
of 'pedagogy' with its own. Techno-pedagogical skills are
those skills needed to use technology for pedagogical reasons and the
competence to integrate technology into teaching. Techno-pedagogical
skills are used for planning and preparing lesson plans. Techno pedagogy
is the hybrid method of teaching in which ICT resources are utilized in
class room interaction process.
2.1.4 ICT competencies for teachers
The use of ICT has enough potentiality in preparing the teachers for
meeting the multi dimensional challenges and responsibilities to be
fulfilled by them as a teacher in their respective schools. So every teacher
must equip with ICT competencies to manage the academic affairs of the
school. We can summarise such needed ICT competencies desired
knowledge, skills, attitudes and interests in the manner given below:
 Competency in the use of multimedia, computer, laptop and mobile
based tools.
 Competency in the use of digital tools like video camera, digital
libraries, language laboratory, e-mail, internet, audio-video
conferencing, www and e-learning, virtual classroom, online
education etc.
 Competency in the use of LCD for addressing a large group.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 33 Paper-XIV

 Competency in developing and making the use of the video text, tele
text, interactive video text etc.
2.1.5 NCERT RECOMANDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING TECHNO-
PEDAGOGIC SKILLS AMONG TEACHERS
NCERT has given the guidelines for developing techno-pedagogic skills
among teacher. The new curriculum focuses on integrating information
and communication technology (ICT) with pedagogy to enable better
learning outcomes. The National Council of Educational Research and
Training (NCERT) has launched a revised Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) curriculum for schools across India
which focuses on integrating ICT tools as part of pedagogy instead of
teaching computer as a separate subject.
According to the policy document detailing the new curriculum, ICT need
not be a separate subject at the primary level where instead hundred of
free source games that help students develop basic computing and
visualisation skills have been identified to be integrated into the
curriculum. In the handbook for teachers given by NCERT what is
mandatory to Use Computer Network & Resources is also mentioned:
• Every school has to mandatorily have a broadband internet connection,
and teachers are expected to make use of this facility to research and stay
updated about the latest updates/knowledge/trends in their respective
subjects.
• Database Management for Teachers, Parents, Students and Staff can be
done through use of technology.
• Students’ Portfolio and Assessment and Evaluation can be managed
through technology.
• Teachers must regularly visit the SHAGUN site of the Department of
School Education and Literacy, Government of India. This site contains
several videos on innovations in school educations, including best
practices videos, case studies, etc. from across the country. This site is a
repository from where teachers can learn a lot and add value to their
classroom practices. The site can be reached at https://
[Link]/
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 34 Paper-XIV

• Government of India has taken an initiative, ‘Shala Darpan’, which is a

school Management software towards e-Governance.
• Shala Darpanis an initiative to provide services based on School
Management Systems to Students, Parents and Communities. The School
Information Services include School Profile Management, Student Profile
Management, Employee Information, Student Attendance, Leave
Management, Report Cards, Curriculum Tracking Custom, and SMS
Alerts for Parents / Administrators on student & teacher attendance.
CBSE has taken various initiatives in IT. The details can be accessed at
[Link]. Some of the initiatives that are important for teachers to
know for their own efficient functioning or for guiding the students are
given below.
 e-Pariksha (Online registration/LOC, Admit card, Centre Material
for Class X/XII)
 e-IG (Online Internal Grades Uploading for Class XII)
 e-Prac (Online Practical Marks Uploading System)
 e-Theory (Online Theory Award Lists Allocation, Management and
Marks Uploading System)
 IAPX (Online Internal Assessment Marks Collection for Class-X)
 Digital Locker: An online portal for accessing documents such as
marksheet, passing certificate and migration certificate. Digital
lockers are created for all the students of class X/XII every year.
The credentials are sent on their mobile number submitted by
school. Students can access their result through digital locker.
2.1.6 Uses of Techno-Pedagogy
Techno-pedagogy can help in enhancing the equity in education,
promoting universal access to education, supporting the delivery of
quality learning and teaching, teachers’ professional development and
more efficient education management, governance and administration.
Along with all this, there are more uses and benefits of techno-pedagogy:
 Study materials can be developed using techno-pedagogy using
coursera.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 35 Paper-XIV

 The linguistic abilities and research activities can be developed

through techno-pedagogical skills.
 It improves communication skills of students also.
 The teacher who develops techno-pedagogic skills may be a multi
tasking personality and will be extremely respected by the students.
 Other uses of techno-pedagogic skill include the improvement of life
skills among themselves and in the students, increase of enrolment
and examination processes and strengthening of the cognitive
learning.
 Teachers with techno-pedagogic skills also can provide guidance
and counselling to the students for their future careers and they
can also encourage self-learning ability of the students by directing
the students towards MOODLE, MOOC and various online courses.
 The concept of TPACK can also learn through techno-pedagogy.
2.1.7 Multimedia Courseware
Multimedia is very much helpful in the development of courses and
academic assignment. Courseware is educational material intended as
kits for teachers or trainers or as tutorials for students, generally
packaged for use with a computer. Courseware can encompass any
knowledge area, but information technology subjects are most common.
Courseware is frequently used for delivering education about the personal
computer and its most popular business applications, such as word
processing and spreadsheet programs. Courseware is also widely used in
information technology industry certification programs, such as the
Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer and the Computing Technology
Industry Association examination.

Courseware can be in the form of a Flash Drive, Compact Disk or material

placed Online. Courseware includes:
 Material for instructor-led classes
 Material for self-directed computer-based training (CBT)
 Web sites that offer interactive tutorials
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 36 Paper-XIV

 Material that is coordinated with distance learning, such as live

classes conducted over the Internet
 Videos for use independently or as part of classes

The CD-ROM is the most common means of delivering courseware that is

not offered online. For teachers and trainers, courseware content may
include set-up information, a course plan, teaching notes, and exercises.
The Term courseware is given to materials which are part of an
educational course or class. Although Courseware refers to all types of
materials, it is mostly associated with technology-based materials
particularly software, and often times is found as synonym with
educational software in general. The term is particularly common to talk
about training for computer packages or IT industry’s certification
programs. Courseware can be supplemental to traditional classroom
taught courses, or can be stand alone courses themselves.
2.1.8 Internet Resources
Internet Resources means all Domain Names, electronic addresses,
uniform resource locators (URL) and other online resources. In modern
age, it is clear that the internet has turn into very important part of the
learning process, scientific research, publishing results, etc. Apart from
that, internet technologies enable independent access to information and
help overcoming different limitations. In general, Web pages and
documents on the Internet that provides useful information. While
an online resource is usually data and educational in nature, any sustain
software available online can also be considered as an e- resource.
Electronic resources (or e-resources) are materials in digital
format accessible electronically. Examples of e-resources are electronic
journals (e-journal), electronic books (e-book) online databases in varied
digital formats, Adobe Acrobat documents (pdf), WebPages (html, etc) and
more.
All the Internet resources are already discussed in the previous Chapter
3.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 37 Paper-XIV

2.1.9 Summary
Techno- pedagogy is not successfully employed in all areas of education.
There are so many reasons present that lead to this condition. Lack of
knowledge regarding Techno pedagogical skills on the part of teachers,
non- favourable attitude of teachers, lack of ICT facilities in schools and
lack of time are some major constrains in this regard. Among these
hindrances lack of knowledge of teachers regarding Techno- pedagogical
knowledge demands high attention as it is one of the basic necessities in
practicing the skill. Multimedia courseware and internet resources can
bring revolutionary changes in the process of teaching learning process. It
is also helping to shift from traditional classroom to ICT enabled
classroom.
“Technology will never replace great teachers, but technology in the
hands of great teachers is transformational”
By: George Couros
2.1.10 Suggested Questions
Q.1. Explain Techno- pedagogic skills in detail.
Q.2. What are the required competencies for teachers handling ICT?
[Link] NCERT recommendations for developing Techno-
pedagogic skills among teachers in detail.
Q.4. Highlight different uses of Techno- pedagogic skills
Q.5. What is multimedia courseware in education?
Q.6. Name some internet resources used in teaching learning process.

2.1.11 Suggested Readings

 [Link] 2017
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
classroom-changing-culture-learning
 [Link]
learning-environment
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 38 Paper-XIV

 [Link]
every-virtual-learning-environment-needs
 [Link]
learning
 [Link]
learning/curriculum-and-materials/information-and-
communication-technology-ict
 Enhancing Learning and Teaching Through the Use of Digital
Technology: A Digital Learning and Teaching Strategy for
Scotland2/ 44
 [Link]
racteristics_of_virtual_learning_environments_State_of_research
 [Link]
games-and-simulations/#ixzz5xVBdHHtf
 [Link]
[Link]
 Online refresher course “pedagogical innovations and research
methodology” conducted by GJU of S&T, Hisar.
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
and-education/6098
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 39 Paper-XIV

[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) Paper-XIV

Enriching Learning through ICT

Lesson No. 2.3 Author: Mrs. Rita Saini

New Trends in ICT: Smart classroom, EDUSAT, online resources in

learning.

Structure of the Lesson:

2.3.1 Objectives
2.3.2 Smart Classrooms
[Link] Smart classroom equipments
[Link] Smart Classroom In Indian Education Scenario
[Link] Classification of Smart Classrooms
[Link] Benefits and limitations of smart classrooms
[Link] Precautions for using equipments in smart classroom
2.3.4 Virtual classroom
2.3.4 Mobile Learning
2.3.5 Online Resources in Learning
[Link] General online resources
[Link] Online Learning Resources
2.3.6 Summary
2.3.7 Suggested Questions
2.3.8 Suggested Readings

2.3.1 OBJECTIVES:
After going through this lesson learners will be able to:
I Know the meaning of smart classroom.
II List the smart classroom equipments
III Explain the benefits of smart classroom
IV know the meaning of mobile learning
V Recall the meaning of online learning resources.
VI Critically analysis the concept of smart classroom.
VII Explain the advantages and disadvantages of virtual classroom.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 40 Paper-XIV

2.3.2 SMART CLASSROOMS

Technology benefitted us in every aspect of our life right from
communication to education. Quality education is an essential requisite
in today’s competitive environment. In ancient days students were taught
in a Gurukul where they were taught by the gurus. But this system was
replaced by modernized culture. New methods of teaching have been
introduced which is known as smart class. Now a days the smart classes
as a modernized method of education in Indian education scenario which
provides quality education to students by helping them in better concept
formation, concept elaboration, improvement in reading skills and
academic achievement. It uses instructional material, 3D animated
modules and videos, and all the renowned schools are using this concept.
Now the students are thrilled at this concept of innovation and interactive
learning process. The concept of digitized classroom has not only made
education interesting but a chance to students to enhance their
performance. It helps the teachers in expressing their views and ensures
teacher that every student understands and learning takes place. Smart
Classrooms are technology enhanced classrooms that foster opportunities
for teaching and learning by integrating learning technology, such as
computers, specialized software, audience response technology, assistive
listening devices, networking, and audio/visual capabilities. Smart Class
helps the students in understanding the concepts. A well designed
module allows a student to visualise the concept much better than static
images.
[Link] SMART CLASSROOM EQUIPMENTS
A Smart Classroom is a traditional lecture style teaching space that
has available technological equipment that can be used to aid and
enhance instruction of a course. Services for Smart Classrooms include
user training and orientation, computer and classroom control system
oversight and maintenance, and immediate user assistance.
In general, Smart classrooms are equipped with the following:
 Ceiling mounted LCD projector and projection screen
 Laptop connectivity for both Macintosh & PC laptops
 Sound system
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 41 Paper-XIV

 Touch screen Control system

 Microphone (wireless hand-held and/or lavaliere)
 Document Camera
 Stereo Sound
 Wireless Presenter/Mouse
 USB extension cable for Flash drives etc
[Link] SMART CLASSROOM IN INDIAN EDUCATION SCENARIO
A smart classroom is a classroom that has an instructor equipped
with computer and audio-visual equipment, allowing the instructor to
teach using a wide variety of media. These include smart interactive white
board, DVD's, PPT's and more, all displayed through a data projector.
Data can be downloaded and installed from web to computer. With the
help of school curriculum, smart classes bring in technology right next to
the blackboard for teachers in the classroom. This makes learning an
enjoyable experience for the students while improving their overall
academic performance in school. Smart class brings about a complete
transformation in classrooms. This results in faster and accurate
understanding of the concepts in class and helps improve the overall
academic performance of students. Teachers are able to keep students
engaged in the learning process and also get an instant and accurate
assessment of learning outcomes achieved at the end of the class.
[Link] CLASSIFICATION OF SMART CLASSROOMS
Classrooms are categorized based on the equipment available:
 Basic Technology: this includes a laptop connection, projector,
DVD/VCR player, and screen. May also have an overhead
transparency projector.
 Advanced Smart Technology: this includes a smart podium with a
touch panel control system, PC and laptop connection, document
camera, DVD/VCR Player, projector, and screen.
 Intermediate Smart Technology: this includes a smart podium with
a control panel, PC and laptop connection, projector, and screen.
May also have an overheard transparency projector.
[Link] BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF SMART CLASSROOMS
Following are the benefits of smart classroom:
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 42 Paper-XIV

 Concept can be introduction in a thrilling and exciting manner.

 Voice recording is possible as well as teachers’ written notes can be
stored.
 It Improves teacher effectiveness and productivity in class. Teaching skills
can be enhanced by showing various videos to the students.
 Scope for the integration of different types of technology and other
novel ways to the teachers to present lesson.
 It brings abstract and difficult curriculum concepts to life inside
classrooms.
 Makes learning an enjoyable experience for students.
 Improves academic performance of students.
 It also enables teachers to instantly assess and evaluate the learning
achieved by their students in class.
Inspite of above mentioned benefits smart classrooms have following
limitations:
 Higher cost: initially we have to spend a lot for electronic
facilities.
 Not much democratization in education
 Student have no choice on what to learn and when to sit for
exam
 They don’t have enough time to study and understand the
lesson as they have different ability to learn
 Lack of technological infrastructure and teaching materials in
school in rural area.
 Don’t have much chance to be exposing to technology
 Limited internet connectivity
[Link] PRECAUTIONS FOR USING EQUIPMENTS IN SMART
CLASSROOM
 Users have the responsibility to safeguard the equipment.
Make sure to lock all equipment cabinets and the classroom
door before you leave.
 Procedures for turning on and off equipment vary, so please
check the instructions for your specific classroom.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 43 Paper-XIV

 Classroom computers should remain ON, however; users

should “log off” or “restart” when finished.
 Handle and operate equipment correctly and carefully.
Electronic devices are delicate. If something goes wrong,
pushing buttons at random is seldom a good solution.
2.3.3 Virtual classroom
In Virtual classroom, participants or students can sight,
communicate, interact, and discuss various topics and also have a one-
to-one session with their instructor/teacher. The video-conferencing tool
has made it possible to connect at the same time through the Internet.
And the best part is, you can be together virtually, from any part of the
world.
Like every other technology, virtual classes, too, have its benefits and
drawbacks. Following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of
the virtual classroom.
Advantages of Virtual Classroom:
As you can already observe, computers have entered almost every sector
in the world and education is no exception. Virtual learning or online
virtual classrooms are more flexible where the learner is not restricted to
a single class and can study anytime and anywhere.

1. Access to coursework from anywhere at any time

You have the freedom to study and complete your coursework 24/7 from
anywhere and at any time that suits your busy plan.
2. Enlarged Convenience
Virtual learning is flexible, with fewer limitations and more ease, learners
can complete their respective courses taking their own time and whenever
it is feasible for them. It also helps them in absorbing class content
efficiently, complete their assignments with focus, take exams/tests at
the time which suits them best.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 44 Paper-XIV

3. Sharpen Digital Skills

Many people find the sharpening of one’s digital skills quite impressive.
The learner not only learns the subjects/courses online but also keeps
learning how to be a pro in using digital platforms. It helps develop skills
and increase knowledge in the area of study.
4. Super Affordable
Virtual learning saves money for both the parties, i.e., for the student and
the organization. The cost to set up a class with necessary amenities is
not of any concern when teaching goes digital. Similarly, for the students,
money is saved when they do not need to go to the organization to study.
5. Immediate feedback & Exam Results
Instant feedback is one of the most significant benefits of the virtual
classroom. The time that is taken to get results after the online exams is
reduced, and one can get to take a look at their performance results
much earlier.
Disadvantages of Virtual Classroom:
Following are disadvantages of virtual classrooms:-
1. Infrastructural Problem
To begin with online classes lot of expenditure required. The
infrastructure needs an upgrade to support the new technology. And in
several cases, a deficient infrastructure forms a hurdle in supporting live
virtual classes.
2. Additional Training
When using new technology, it is essential to know about it first. Few
teachers find it challenging to prepare soft copies of the lectures/notes.
Hence there is always a need to have IT support that trains teachers and
students time to time.
3. Loss of Social & Emotional Skills
Since the classes take place over the Internet there isn’t much interaction
or face-to-face communication among the students. Hence one can
observe that there is a loss of social and emotional skills in the child.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 45 Paper-XIV

4. Reduce Physical Activity

When at school, students move around, play, run and do all kinds of
activities that keep them fit. The PT classes, sports, dance, etc., help them
to be physically active. Online learning reduces their activity and leaves
them confined to their desk and laptop.
5. Effects of overload Screen Time on Student's eyes
We all know how the blue light of these screens is damaging to a large
extent. Constantly staring at the screen damages eyes and may lead to
many problems in the future. Regular breaks are advised when using
laptop/phone screens.
2.3.4 MOBILE LEARNING
Mobile learning, also known as m-Learning, is defined as the need
and ability to learn through virtual media, such as personal electronic
gadgets, social interactions, and content.
Devices that can be used for m-Learning include Smartphone's,
tablets, laptops, and digital notebooks. It focuses on the learners’ freedom
of movement and their interaction with technology. In this case,
simplifying learning by using mobile tools is what constitutes this
informal learning setup
2.3.5 ONLINE RESOURCES IN LEARNING
Online learning is associated with content readily accessible on a
computer. The content may be on the Web or the Internet, or simply
installed on a CD-ROM or the computer hard disk. Online resources have
made an entire revolution in education, not only because they are
convenient and accessible, but because they make the entire process of
teaching and learning more interesting and memorable. Web pages and
documents on the Internet that provides useful information are called online
resources. One of the biggest benefits of online learning resources is that
anyone can take advantage of it and create their own course catalog that
fits their interests and schedule by using the wide range of free and paid
courses that are offered. These sites mostly include free supplementary
material and even advice on how to find and take advantage of great
online educational materials. There are free and paid online resources for
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 46 Paper-XIV

college students and they usually complement one another quite well.
Each student will prefer different resources according to their subjects of
interest and learning style, but there are universally great tools that
impress nearly every student who tries them. A series of free videos or
podcasts on a topic can provide additional context that is outside the
scope of a course syllabus. Accessing these materials via laptop, tablet, or
smart phone makes it easy to fill all your spare time with educational
pursuits.
[Link] GENERAL ONLINE RESOURCES
 Wikipedia - That provides information on most academic subjects
 Footnote - historic documents through their partnerships with The
National Archives, the Library of Congress and other institutions
(partly free)
 Google Scholar (web site) - provides a simple way to broadly search
for scholarly literature
 Refdesk - free and family-friendly web site that indexes and reviews
quality, credible, and current web-based resources
 XooxleAnswers Research - professional research service offers free
research for small projects as a means of introducing its services.
 Deepdyve - big archive of literary and scholarly journal articles; free
five-minute full-text previews.
[Link] ONLINE LEARNING RESOURCES: Learning resources come in a
variety of forms:
 E-textbooks
 E-Library Services
 Web-based Tutorials
 Online Classes: Many organisations offer access (as part of your
tuition) to online classes in specific subject areas that are led by a
certified instructor.
 Learning Communities: Student communities are designed to
connect you with university leaders and other students who can
help you be successful in your degree program.
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 47 Paper-XIV

 Course Compass: This online resource is commonly used for

undergraduate language assessments as well as math, economics,
and accounting labs.
 Skillsoft Library: This high-quality learning resource utilizes
hundreds of modules to help you better understand the
competencies you are developing. Skillsoft enables you to create
a plan for covering the materials you need on a schedule that
works for you.
 Coursera: Coursera offers online courses for free from top
universities all over the world. A wide range or courses are offered,
including biology, mathematics, business, computer science,
humanities and more. Those looking to expand their knowledge,
sharpen their resume, or advance their career will find the courses
here to fulfill that need.
 [Link]: [Link] is a resource that sees the
evolution of education focused on open-source entities that are
readily accessible for the masses. They provide an extensive variety
of resources accessible online or for download.
 Virtual conferencing: Virtual conferencing opens doors to new
learning and teaching opportunities beyond the classroom. The
students and teachers have access to a flexible suite of virtual
learning tools enabling them to connect, interact, share and learn
with others outside of their classroom and school.
 Edublogs: Edublogs offers blogs for teachers, schools/colleges and
students. As a teacher, you can share learning resources with your
students, help your students create free blogs as well as offer
podcasts and other videos online. Edublogs can also help your
college replace the paper newsletter.
2.3.6 SUMMARY
A smart classroom increases the interest of the students in studies.
Students tend to learn more. With so many advantages and few
disadvantages smart classes can still be considered good for the students.
Moreover, the new inventions in the field of technology would definitely
make teaching and learning even much better. Smart Class is a solution
[Link]. Part-I (Semester-II) 48 Paper-XIV

designed to help teachers in meeting with new challenges and developing

students’ abilities and performance. It helps the teachers to access
multimedia content and information, which can be used for teaching
students more effectively.
Online education is revolutionary in its convenience and
accessibility, but it still requires a great deal of concentration, time, and
the right set of tools for your learning style. There are both paid and free
forms of online education, and often they complement each other well.
2.3.7 SUGGESTED QUESTIONS
1) What is a Smart Classroom?
2) What type of equipment is available at a Smart Classroom?
3) How Smart Classrooms will improve teaching and learning
productivity?
4) What do you mean by online resources?
5) Name three online learning resources.
6) Explain mobile learning
7) What are the advantages of virtual classroom
2.3.8 SUGGESTED READINGS
1) Becker, H.(2005). Findings from Teaching, Learning and Computing
Survey: is Lary Cuban Right?" Teaching, Learning and Computing.
2) Corporate Diary (2007). Smart Teaching and Learning inside the
Classroom.
3) Dun and Bradstreet Information Service India Pvt. Ltd. (2010).
Study of Effectiveness of Educomp Smart Class Program.
4) Glasser,W. (2001) How we learn?.
5) Parhar, Madhu. Satellite in Education. New Delhi: Shipra
Publication, 2006.
6) Sharpe, L. "Multipoint Desktop Videoconferencing as a
Colloborative Tool for Teacher Preparation." Educational Technology
40, no.5 (2000): 61-63.
7) [Link]