19CHE204 FLUID AND PARTICLE MECHANICS
Worksheet – Properties of Fluids
1. A thin 40 X40 cm flat plate is pulled at 2 m/s horizontally through a 3.6 mm oil layer
sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other moving at constant
velocity of 0.3 m/s. The dynamic viscosity of oil is 0.027 Pas. Assuming the velocity
in each oil layer to vary linearly, plot the velocity profile and find the location where
the oil velocity is zero. Also determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate
to maintain motion. The oil may be considered a Newtonian fluid.
2. It is observed that the density of an ideal gas decreases by 10% when compressed fro
10 atm to 11 atm. Determine the percent density of gas if it is compressed
isothermally from 100 atm to 101 atm.
3. A 1.9-mm-diameter tube is inserted into an unknown liquid whose density is 960
kg/m3, and it is observed that the liquid rises 5 mm in the tube, making a contact angle
of 15°. The surface tension of the liquid is __________________
4. Determine the diameter of a droplet of water if the pressure inside is to be greater than
the outside pressure by 140 Pa. Surface tension of water is 0.072 N/m.
1) A block of weight W slides down an inclined plane while lubricated by a thin film of
oil, as in figure below. The film contact area is A and its thickness is h.
(a) Assuming a linear velocity distribution in the film, derive an expression for the
“terminal” (zero-acceleration) velocity V of the block.
5. Determine the terminal velocity of the block if the block mass is 6 kg, A = 35 cm 2, θ =
15°, and the film is 1 mm-thick SAE 30 oil at 20°C of viscosity 240 mPa.s.
6. The rheological properties of a particular suspension can be approximated reasonably
well by "Bingham plastic" model. At shear rate of 10s -1, the shear stress was measured
to be 15.85 N/m2 while that at 50 s-1 was 21.87 N/m2. Compute the general form of
the Bingham plastic model for this suspension.
7. Two plates are placed 1 cm apart; the lower one fixed and the upper one free to move
under the action of a 25 g mass as shown in the figure. The fluid between the plates is
castor oil of viscosity 0.65 N s/m 2 and the area of contact of the upper plate with the
oil is 0.75 m2. If castor oil can be considered as a Newtonian fluid, calculate the
velocity at which the upper plate moves.
8. A rigid steel container is partially filled with a liquid at 15 atm (1519.875 kPa). The
volume of the liquid is 1.232 L. At a pressure of 30 atm (3039.75 kPa), the volume of
the liquid is 1.231 L. Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity and coefficient of
compressibility of the liquid, if there is no change in temperature before and after
compression.
9. A cylinder 0.3 m long and 0.1 m diameter rotates about a vertical axis inside a fixed
cylindrical tube of diameter 15 cm and 30 cm length. If the space between the tubes
and cylinder is filled with oil of viscosity 0.125 Pas, determine the speed of rotation
of cylinder when an external torque of 1 Nm is applied to it.
10. The kinematic viscosity of oil of specific gravity 0.8 is 0.0005 m2/[Link] oil is used
for lubrication of shaft of diameter 0.4 m and rotates at 190 rpm. Calculate the power
lost in the bearing for a sleeve length of 90mm. The thickness of the oil film is 1.5
mm.
11. Analyse the shear stress vs. velocity gradient data for two fluids A and B and classify
them as Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid based on their flow behaviour. If you
identify the fluid/s as non-Newtonian, identify the type of non-Newtonian behaviour.
du/dy 0 1 2 3 4
Fluid A
τ 0 2 4 6 8
du/dy 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Fluid B
τ 0 1.0 2.5 4.0 6.0
12. Define the term “apparent viscosity”. The apparent viscosity of a fluid is given by
| | ( )
0.3
dV dV
η=0.007 where is the velocity gradient.
dy dy
(a) Identify the type of non-newtonian fluid. Justify your answer.
(b) How does the apparent viscosity of this fluid change with increasing deformation
rate?
index, 𝒏 = 0.33. The apparent viscosity of the fluid is equal 0.1 N.s/m 2 at a shear rate,
13. A non-Newtonian fluid’s rheology is described by the "power law" model with flow
𝒅𝒖/𝒅𝒚 of 1000 s-1. Determine the rheological equation.
14. A set of two experiments were conducted to ascertain the rheological character of a
fluid. In the first experiment, the plates are separated by a distance of 1 mm. It is
found that a shear stress of 2 Nm−2 has to be applied to keep the top plate moving with
a velocity of 2 ms−1, while the other plate is fixed. In the second experiment, the plates
are separated by a distance of 0.25 mm. It is found that a shear stress of 3 Nm −2 has to
be applied to keep the top plate moving with a velocity of 1 ms −1, while the other plate
is fixed. Characterise the nature of the fluid as Newtonian, ideal and inviscid ,
pseudoplastic or dilatant. Justify your answer with appropriate calculations.
