INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL to accompany STEEL | DESIGN Adi [tele ae esc te [1h 92952 i isan THOMSON | —— ENGINEERING sian.THOMSON 4 ENGINEERING COPYRIGHT © 2007 by Thomson Engineering, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. ‘Thomson Engineering is a registered trademark used herein under license, For more information contact Nelson, 1120 Birchmount Road, Scarborough, Ontario MIK SGA, Or you can visit our Internet site at www engineering. thomsonleaming.com, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electonie, or meshenical, incluting photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems—without the writen permission of the publisher.PREFACE ‘This instructor’s manual contains solutions to the problems in Chapiers 1-10 of Sie! Design, 4" edition. Solutions to all problems are given, with the following exceptions: In Chapter 8 some of the ASD solutions are not given. In Chapters 9 and 10, only solutions to the problems whose answers appear in the Answers to Selected Problems section of the textbook are given. In general, intermediate results to be used in subsequent calculations were recorded to four significant figures, and final results were rounded to three significant figures, Rounding was done according to the following practice: when the first digit to be dropped is less than 5, do not round up; when the first digit to be dropped is equal or greater than 5, add 1 to the last digit retained. Students following these guidelines should be able to reproduce the numerical results, given, However, the precision of the results could depend on the grouping of computations and on whether intermediate values ate retained in the calculator between, steps. In many cases, there will be more than one acceptable solution to a design problem; therefore, the solutions given for design problems should be used only as a guide in grading homework, I would appreciate leaning of any errors you may discover. You can contact me at [email protected]. A list of errors and corrections will be maintained at hnps/Avww.ce,memphis.edu/ses In some instanees, there are inconsistencies between dimensions and properties given in the Manual and values given in the database on the Companion CD. When I encountered a discrepancy, I used the value given in the Manual. William T. Segué November 4, 2006Chapter 1. Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. Chapter 9. Chapter 10. CONTENTS Introduction Concepts in Structural Steel Design Tension Members Compression Members Beams Beam-Columns Simple Connections Eccentric Connections Composite Construction Plate Girders 11 21 31 9-t 10-1BO BEE ee eee Eee eee ee ee eRe ee eee eee eee ee eee edCHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION (a) A= (0550) /4 = 0.2376 in* 28300 _ 120,000 psi = 120 ksi 02376 300-2.030 b 230022090 100 = 133% ie 2.030 @) = 0145202376 199 = 38.9% 02376 Reduction = 38.9% 15-2 153 A= (0510)? / 4 = 0.2043 in.” For P=2501b, f = = 250. = 1904 psi A 0.2043 Q-1]Spreadsheet results: @ load Stress Strain x 10° (tb) (psi) (inJin.) Q 0 0 250 1224 374 500 2447 703 1000 4895 129.1 41500 7342 230.4 2000 9790 250.4 2600 12237 372.4 3000 14684 457.7 3600 17132 586.5 (b) 20000 18000 z g 10000 5000 O« ! o 100 200 300 400 500 600 Strain x 10°6 (in fin.) ©) E = slope = 30,100 ksi E = 28,400 ksi 12]A= a(3/8)? /4= 01104 in* P_ 550 For P = 550 1b, f 29 = 4982 psi 7°77 104 - AL 350x107 175x107 L 2 Spreadsheet results: @ Load Elongationx 10° Stress. Strain x 10° 0 in, (psi)___(invin.) 0 0 0 0 550 350 4962 175 1400 700 9964 350 1700 900 15399 450 2200 4350 19928 675 2800 1760 25362 880 3300 200 29891 400 3900 2460 35326 1230 4400 2880 39865 1430 4900 3800 443841800 4970 5300 45018 2650 5025, 7800 45516 3900 (b) 50000 40000 230000 £ 20000 B 10000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Strain x 10%6 (in.fin,) U3]5,000 500 x 10% (©) E=slope = 30,000,000 psi E = 30,000,000 p @ F, = 44,000 psi Spreadsheet results: () s 3 Load Elongationx 10° Stress Strain x 10 ips) ks in) 0 0 oO at 0.16 4.973 0.080 2 0.352 9945 0.176 3 0.706 1492 0.383 4 1.012 1989 0.506 5 1.434 2496717 6 1712 29.84 0.856 if 1,986 4.81 0.993 8 2.286 3078 1.143, 9 2812 4475 1.308 10 2.938 49.73 1.469 wi 3.274 54.70 1.637 12 3.632 59.67 1.816 13 3.976 64.64 1.988 14 4.388 69.62 2.193 18 484 7459 2.320 18 4.988 7958 © 2.494 7 5.432 84.54 2.718 18 §,862 89.51 2.931 19 6.262 9448 3.481 20 7.304 99.45 3.652 2 8.072 104.4 4.036 22 9.044 4094 4'522 23 11.31 114.4 5.655 24 14.12 119.3 7.060 25 20.044 124.3 10.02 26 29.106 129.3 14.55 4]() 140 120 400: 20 o 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Strain x 10°S (in.fin.) 80-50 = slope = 82-50 _ 30,000 ksi © Sope * 9.0025~ 0.0015 . E = 30,000 ksi @ Fy, = 85 ksi © F, = 116 ksi O51CHAPTER 2 - CONCEPTS IN STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN D=9kips, L,~ 5 kips, S=6 kips, R= 7 kips, W~ 8 kips @ iL: 2: 3 4: 6 (b) ©). @) 3 5 6 z 14D = 1.4(9) = 12.6 kips 12D + LL + 0.5R=1.2(9) + 1.6(0) + 0.5(7)= 14.3 kips 1.2D + 1.6R + 0,87 = 1.2(9) « 1.6(7) + 0.8(8) = 28.4 kips 1.2D+ 1.6 + 0.51 +0.5R = 1.2(9) + 1.6(8) + 0.5(0) + 0.5(7) = 27.1 kips 0.90 + 1.6W = 0.9(9) + 1.6(8) = 20.9 kips or 0,9(9) ~ 1.6(8) = -4.7 kips 28.4 kips (combination 3) (but the column must be checked for an uplift of 4.7 kips.) OR, = 28.4 kips OR, _ 28.4 "@ 0.90 31.6kips R, =31.6kips D+R=9+7= 16 kips Ds W=9+8= 17 kips D+0.1SW+0.1SL +0.75R =9 +0.75(8) + 0.75(0) + 0.75(7) = 20.25 kips 0.6D + W = 0.6(9) + 8 = 13.4 kips or 0.69) -8 2.6 kips 20.3 kips (combination 6) (but the column must be checked for an uplift of 2.6 kips) 67(20.3) = 33.9 kips R, = 33.9 kips 14D=1.4(9) = 12.6 kips L2D+ 1.6L +0.58= 1.2@) + 1.6(0) + 0.5(6) = 13.8 kips 12D + 1.65-+ 0.8W = 1.2(9) + 1.6(6) + 0.8(8) = 26.8 kips (2-1)4: 12D +13 + 0.5L 40.58=1.2(9) + 1.3(8) + 0.5(0) + 0.5(6) = 24.2 kips @ 26.8 kips (combination 3) (b) OR, = 268 kips © 8 268 _ 315 kips BR, =31.Skips é O85 a 23 (@ Combination 1: 14D =1.4(45) = 63 ft-kips Combination 2: 12D + 1.6L + 0.5L, = 1,2(45) + 1.6(63) + 0.5(0) = 154.8 fi-kips R, = 155 ft-kips (combination 2) ) = is. 72.ft-kips R, =172ft-kips (© Combination 2: D+L=45+63= 108 ft-kips R, = 108 f-kips (combination 2) @ R= OR, =1.67(108)=180 ftkip Ry = 180 fickips 2 D=18kips, L = 2 kips @ 1 14D =1.4(18)=25.2 kips 2: 1.2D+1.6L = 1.2(18) + 1.6(2) = 24.8 kips 25.2 kips (combination 1) (6) 2: D+L=18+2=20kips, R, = 20kips (combination 2) 2S D= 21 psf, Ly~ 12 psf, = 13.5 psf, W = 22 psf upward (in this particular case, the wind load cannot be reversed, even in those cases where reversal would normally be considered.) ‘Treat gravity loads as positive and wind load as negative: @) bk 14D = 1421) = 294 psf (2-2]12D +16L +058 = 1.2(21) +1.6(0) + 0.5(135) = 32.0 pst 12D +165 + 05L = 1.2(21)+1.6(135) +05(0) = 46.8 pst 12D +16 +0.5L +0.58 =1.2(21) +1.6(-22) + 0.5(0) + 0.5(13.5) =~3.25 psf (uplift) S$: 12D#E + 0SL+02S =12(21) £0+05(0) + 02(135) = 279 psf 6: 0.9D£(.6H) = 0.9D +1.6¥ = 0.9(21) +1.6(-22) = -16.3 psf (uplift) R, = 46.8 psf (combination 3) (Combination 6, with R, = -16.3 psf, would also need to be considered in the design of the roof in order to prevent uplift.) ) 3 D+8=214+13.5=345 psf 5: D&W =214(-22)=-1 psf 6: D+0,75W + 0.7SL + 0.758 = 21 + 0.75(-22) + 0 +0.75(13.5) = 14.6 psf 7: 0.6D + W =0.6(21) + ¢-22) =-9.4 psf R, =34.5 psf (combination 1) (Combination 7, with Ra =-9.4 psf, would also need to be considered in the design of the roof in order to prevent uplift.) (2:3)CHAPTER 3 - TENSION MEMBERS 3. For yielding of the gross section, Ag = 138) = 2.625 in2, Py = Fydg = 36(2.625) = 94.5 kips For fracture of the net section, A= (38) 7- (14+) ] = 2-208 in? Py = Pade = 58(2.203) = 127.8 hips a) The design strength based on yielding is, GPa = 0,90(94.5) = 85. 05 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is iPy = 0.75(127.8) = 95. 85 kips ‘The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: bP = 85,1 Kips b) The allowable strength based on yielding is Pa _ 945 fe = 24:5 = 56, 59 kips ‘The allowable strength based on fracture is Po . 127.8 — . $e = BEE = 63. 9kips ‘The allowable service load is the smaller value: Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding, Fy = 0.6F) = 0,6(36) = 21. 6 ksi and the allowable load is Fig = 21.6(2, 625) = 56. 7 kips Por fracture, Fy = 0.5Fy = 0.5(58) = 29.0 ksi and the allowable load is ¥,A, = 29.0(2.203) = 63. 89 = 63. 89 kips ‘The allowable service load is the smaller value = 56.7 kips BU3.2.2 For yielding of the gross section, Ag = 6(3/8) = 2.25 in? Py = FyAg = 50(2.25) = 12, Skips For fracture of the net section, Ae = Ag = 2.25 in? Pa = Fude = 65(2.25) = 146. 3 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is $P» = 0,90(112.5) = 101 kips The design strength based on fracture is uP = 0.75(146.3) = 110 kips The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: b) The allowable strength based on yielding is Pa 1125 = Ge = WSS = 67.4kips ‘The allowable strength based on fracture is Pa . 146.3 ate BSF = 73.2 kips ‘The allowable service load is the smaller value: Altemate solution using allowable siress: For yielding, "= 0.6F; = 0.6(50) = 30.0 ksi and the allowable load is Fidy = 30.0(2.25) = 7.5 kips For fracture, Fy = 0.5Fy = 0.5(65) = 32.5 ksi and the allowable load is Frid, = 32.5(2.25) = 73. 1 kips he allowable service load is the smaller value = 67.5 Kips (3-2) Pp = 101 kips PulQe = 67.4 kipsFor yielding of the gross section, Ag = 50(3.37) = 168. 5 kips For fracture of the net section, ) « 2hotes ~ 2.930 in# 7 2 37 -0.220(F + 854y = 0.85(2.930) = 2.491 in? adie = 65(2.491) = 161. 9 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is biPn = 0.90(168,5) = 152 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is Pn = 0.75(161.9) = 121.4 kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: @,P, = 121.4 kips Let Py = biPn 1,.2D + 1.6(3D) = 121.4, Solution is: (D = 20, 23} P= D+L = 20.23 + 3(20.23) = 80. 9 kips b) The allowable strength based on yielding is Pa - 1685. ips Th = PRP = 100. 9kips ‘The allowable strength based on fracture is Pa. 1619 2 Br = 72.09 ~ 80-95 kips ‘The allowable load is the smaller valu 80.95 kips P= 81.0kips ‘Alternate computation of allowable load using allowable stress: For yielding, F, = 0.6Fy = 0.6(50) = 30.0 ksi and the allowable load is Fidg = 30.0(3.37) = 101.1 kips For fracture, Fy, = 0.5Fy = 0.5(65) = 32.5 ksi and the allowable load is FA = 32,5(2.491) = 80. 96 kips 33]324 For A242 steel and r= Y4in., Fy = 50 ksi and Fy = 70 ksi. For yielding of the gross section, Ag = (12) = 4 in? Py = FyAg = 50(4) = 200 kips For fracture of the net section, Ay = Ag~ Atos = 4~(1/2)(14-£) x2 holes = 2.875 in? Ae = An = 2.875 in.? Py = FyAg = 70(2.875) = 201.3 kips ) The design strength based on yielding is $:P x = 0,90(200) = 180 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is bP» = 0.75(201.3) The design strength for LRFD is the smaller value: oP, = 151 kips 151 kips b) The allowable strength based on yielding is fs 200. ki eae eeraacuees The allowable strength based on fracture is Pa. 2013 oe = Dag = 101 kips ‘The allowable service load is the smaller value: Alternate solution using allowable stress: For yielding, F, = 0.6Fy = 0.6(50) = 30 ksi and the allowable load is FiAg = 30(4) = 120 kips For fracture, F, = 0.5F, = 0.5(70) = 35 ksi and the allowable load is Fide = 35(2.875) = 101 kips The allowable service load is the smaller value = 101 kips328 Fora thickness of f = 3/8 in., Fy = 50 ksiand Fy = 70 ksi. First, compute the nominal strengths. For the gross section, Ag = 7.5(3/8) = 2. 813 in? Pp = Fydg = 90(2.813) = 140.7 Kips Net section: Ay = 2.813 (4) (14+ 4)@ = 1 876in? Ag = Ag = 1.876 in? Py = Fude = 70(1.876) = 131.3 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is, iP, = 0.90(140.7) = 127 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is iP, = 0.75(131.3) = 98.5 kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: 4,P, = 98.5 kips Factored load: Combination 1; 14D = 1.4(25) = 35.0 kips Combination 2; 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(25) + 1.6(45) = 102 kips The second combination controls; Py = 102 kips Since Py > $:Pn, (102 kips > 98.5 kips), ‘The member is unsatistectory. b) For the gross section, The allowable strength is Fi = MOD = 04.3 ips Altemately, the allowable stress is Fi = 0.6F, = 0.6(50) = 30 ksi and the allowable strength is F.Ay = 30(2.813) = 84.4 kips For the net section, the allowable strength is Pu = 1313 = i Fe = Ika = 65.7 kips Altemately, the allowable stress is F, = 0.5F, = 0,5(70) = 35 ksi and the allowable strength is, Fide = 35(1.876) = 65.7 kips ‘The smaller value controls; the allowable strength is 65.7 kips. When the only loads are (3-5]dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always control: Po = D+L = 25445 = 70 kips Since 70 kips > 65.7 kips, The member is unsatisfactory. 3.26 Compute the strength for one angle, then double it. For the gross section, Py = Fydy = 36(1.19) = 42. 84 Kips For two angles, P, = 2(42.84) = 85. 68 kips ‘Net section: 4, =1.19-(4)(3+£) = 0.9713 in? Ag = 0.85Ay = 0.85(0.9713) = 0.8256 in.? Py = Fade = 58(0.8256) = 47. 88 kips For two angles, Py = 2(47.88) = 95. 76 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is Py = 0.90(85.68) = 77.1 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is iP x = 0.75(95.76) = 71.8 kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: $,P, = 71.8 kips Py = 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(12) + 1.6(36) = 72.0 kips > 718 kis (N.G) ‘The member is unsé ») For the gross section, The allowable strength is Ft ~ $58 ~ 51.3 kips Alternately, the allowable stress is F, = 0,6F, = 0.6(36) = 21.6 and the allowable strength is Fid, = 21,6(2 1.19) = 51.4 kips For the net section, the allowable strength is fe. 95.96 i a = Bae = 47.9 kips Alternately, the allowable stress is Fy = 0.5Fy = 0.5(58) = 29 ksiand the allowable strength is Fie = 29(2 x 0.8256) = 47.9 kips ‘The net setion strength controls; the allowable strength is 47.9 kips. When the only loads are dead load and live load, ASD load combination 2 will always contro! Pa = D+L= 12436 = 48kips>479kips (NG) ‘The member is unsatisfactory. 7 ig = 0.7060 Ay » AgU = 5,86(0. 7060) = 4. 14 in? 4.14 in? (b) Plate with longitudinal welds only: $a ha125, Uv =0.75in2 Ag m Ag = (3 x4) (0.75) = 1. 125 in? 1.13 in? © U=10 Ae = AgU = (4 x5)(1.0) = 3.13 in? @ u=10 Ag = 0.55.5) = 2,750 in? Ay = Aga Aver = 2.750-4( 344) = 2.313 in? Ay = Agl = 2.313(1.0) = 2.313 in? Ae = 2.31 in? (©) U=10 Ag= $x6=3, 750 in? Ay = Ag ~ Antes = 3.750- (J + £) = 3.125 in? Ae = AnU = 3,125(1.0) = 3.125 in? 33-2 aa a os i (©) An = Ay ~ Atows = 3.31 ~ fe ($4 4) = 2.873 in? 4-1-4115 «0.6167 Ual-¥ Ag = AnU = 2,873(0.6167) = 1.772 in? G-71Py = Fide = 70(1.772) = 124 kips Py = 124 Kips (b) From AISC Table D3.1, Case 8, U = 0.60 Ag = AnU = 2.873(0.60) = 1.724 in? Py Fydg = 70(1.724) = 121 kips 333 Un 1-¥ =1- 9.715 = 0.9031 Ag = AgU = 2.48(0.9031) = 2. 240 in? Py = Fude = 58(2.240) = 129. 9 kips Py = 130 kips 334 For A242 steel, Fy = 50 ksi and Fy = 70 ksi For yielding of the gross section, Py = Fydg = 50(4,75) = 237. 5 kips For fracture of the net section, 313 in? An = Ag ~ Atos = 4.75 ~ 4 From AISC Table D3.1, Case 8, U = 0.80 Ae = AnU = 4,313(0.80) = 3. 45 in? Py = Fede = 70(3.45) = 241. 5 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is :P, = 0.90(237.5) = 213. 8 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is uP, = 0.75(241.5) = 181. 1 Kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: $,P, = 181.1 kips Let Py = bP 1.2D + 1.6(2D) = 181.1, Solution is: {D = 41. 16} P= D+L = 41.16 +2(41.16) = 124 kips P= 124 kips b) The allowable strength based on yielding is Pa . 2325 i Fh = F825 = 142. 2kips [3-8]‘The allowable strength based on fracture is Fa. 2415 2 Fi = BS = 120.8 kips ‘The allowable load is the smaller value = 120.8 kips P= 121 kips Alternate computation of allowable load using allowable stress: For yielding, Fy = 0.68, = 0.6(50) = 30.0 ksi and the allowable load is, F.Ag = 30.0(4.75) = 142. 5 kips For fracture, F, = 0.5Fy = 0,5(70) = 35 ksi and the allowable load is Fig = 35(3.45) = 120. 8 kips 335 Gross section: Py = Fydg = 36(5.86) = 211. Okips Net section: Ay = 5.86~($)(1+-£)(@ = 4.454 in? uel-% = 0.8856 faba G43+3) Ae = AnU = 4.454(0.8856) = 3. 944 in? Py = Fue = 583.944) = 228. 8 kips (a) The design strength based on yielding is Pq = 0.90(211.0) = 190 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is O:Px = 0.75(228.8) = 172 kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: $.P, = 172 kips Load combination 2 controls: = 1,2(50) + 1.6(100) = 220 kips ¢ Pu > Pn, (220 kips > 172 kips), ‘The member is not adequate. 26 kips Pym 1.2D+ 1.6) (©) For the gross section, The allowable strength is 2 = 2U,0- 228.8 SB = 114 kips For the net section, the allowable strength is £2 = B9]‘The smaller value controls; the allowable strength is 114 kips. Load combination 6 controls: P, = D4+0.75W+0.75L = 50 +0.75(45) +0,75(100) = 159 kips Since 159 kips > 114 kips, ‘The member is not adequate, Alternate ASD solution using allowable stress: Fy = 0.6F, = 0.6(36) = and the allowable strength is F,4y = 21.6(5.86) = 127 kips = 0.5F, = 0,5(58) = 29.0 ksi and the allowable strength is F,. = 29.0(3.944) = 114 kips 1. 6 ksi For the net section, ‘The smaller value controls; the allowable strength isi 14 kips. From load combination 6, Po = D+0.7SW+0.75L = 50 +0.75(45) + 0.75(100) = 159 kips Since 159 kips > 114 kips, the member is not adequate 33-6 For yielding of the gross section, Ay = 5(1/4) = 1.25 in? Pry = Fydy = 36(1.25) = 45.0 kips For fracture of the net section, from AISC Table D3.1, case 4, Liw = 15 = 1.4, 2 U= 0.75 Ae = AgU = 1.25(0.75) = 0.9375 in? Pn = Fudy = 58(0.9375) = 54. 38 kips a) The design strength based on yielding is :P, = 0.90(45.0) = 40. 5 kips ‘The design strength based on fracture is OP, = 0.75(54.38) = 40.8 kips The design strength for LRED is the smaller value: Pn = 40.5 kips b) The allowable strength based on yielding is Pa _ 45.0 OQ ~ 1.67 ‘The allowable strength based on fracture is = 27.0 kips (3-10)Pa S438 0, 7 72.00 = 27.2 kips ‘The allowable service ioad is the smaller value: Pal Q 27.0 kips 33-7 Gross section: Py = Fydg ~ 50(10.3) = 515.0 kips Net section: y= 10.3~0.520(2+ Lea) = 8,220 Connection is through the flanges with four bolts per line. bt 2 $56 -9,595<2 eta Be $56 m0.525<$ «Um 0.85 Ae = AnU = 8.220(0.85) = 6. 987 i 5 = Fude = 65(6.987) = 454. 2 kips. (@) The design strength based on yielding is Pq = 0.90(515.0) = 464 kips The design strength based on fracture is Py = 0.75(454,2) = 341 Kips The design strength is the smaller value Py = 341 kips Pr, (0) For the gross section, The allowable strength is £2 308 kips For the net section, the allowable strength is Pa. = 4542 — 227 kips ‘The smaller value controls; 33-8 Gross section: Py, = Fyg = 50(5.17) = 258. 5 kips Net section: U 130 10 Ay = AgU = 5.11(0.87) = 4.498 in? 0.87 Pr = Fude (@) The design strength based on yielding is GP, = 0,90(258.5) = 233 kips 10(4.498) = 314.9 kips Bll]‘The design strength based on fracture is Pn = 0.75(314.9) = 236 kips ‘The design strength is the smaller value: @,P, ~ 233 kips Load combination 3: = 1.2D + 1,654 0.81 = 1,2(75) + 1.6(50) +0,8(70) = 226 kips Load combination 4: Py = 1.2D+ 1.6 + 0.58 = 1.2(75) + 1.6(70) + 0.5(50) = 227 kips Load combination 4 controls. Since Py < $:P2, (227 kips < 233 kips), The member is adequate. (b) Forthe gross section, The allowable strength is a = 258.5. — 155 kips Q, ~ 1.67 For the net section, the allowable strength is ee = 34g = 157 kips ‘The smaller value controls; the allowable strength is 155 kips. Load combination 3: Pp = D+S = 75 +50 = 125 kips Load combination 6: Py = D+0.75W'+0.75S = 75 + 0.75(70) + 0.75(50) = 165 kips Load combination 6 controls. Since 165 kips > 155 kips, ‘The member is not adequate. 34d Gross section: Ag = 10(1/2) = Netsection: Hole diameter = Possibilities for net area: An = Ag~ Dt x ord’) = $~ (1/2)(1)@) = 4.0 in? = cjay~ cay a 2 |-al - Qe) = 3.932 or Ay = 5~(1/2)(1)(3) = 3.5 in, but because of load transfer, 5 or An use Ay = 2(3.5) = 5.25 in? for this possibility. The smallest value controls. Use Ay = 3.833 in? Ae AnU = Aq(1.0) = 3,833 in? Py = Fude = 583,833) = 222 kips The nominal strength based on the net section is [3-12]34-2 Compute the strength of one plate, then double it, Gross section: Ay = 10(1/2) = 5.0 in? Net section: Hole diameter = Possibilities for net area: Ag = Ag Dot x (dord’) = or da = 5a 8)~ ay] $ - SE) = 4.646 in Because of load transfer, use Ay = 40-(4.646) = 5. 162 in2 for this possibilty. or An = 5~(0/2y¢78) ~ 029[ - 2) -aaZ -2)- 4,021 in? Because of load transfer, use Ay = 10-(4,021) = 5. 026 in.? for this possibility. = (1/2)(7/8)(2) = 4. 125 in? The smallest value controls. Use dn = 4.125 in? Ae = AnU = 4.125(1.0) = 4,125 in? Pp = Fude = 58(4.125) = 239. 3 kips For two plates, Py = 2(239.3) = 478. 6 kips ‘The nominal strength based on the net section is 34-3 Gross section: Ag = 8(3/8) = 3.0in2, Py = Fydg = 36(3.0) = 108 kips Netseetion: Hole diameter= t+ = 3 in. An = Ag — Dotw x (dor d') = 3 - (3/8)(5/8) = 2. 766 in? or Ay = 3~(3/8)(5/8) ~ oasis - al = 2.954 in? (2) 2 or Ay = 3 ~ (3/8)(5/8) oasis - Fray or An = (3 —(3/8)(3/8)(2)] x $ = 3.038 in? Jxe-a 14 in? : 5 _ 2.32 rae ot An = (3- cra(sis) - G[ 58 23? lay) $= 3.460 in? Use Ae = Ay = 2.766 in.? +13]Py = Fade = 58(2.766) = 160. 4 kips {@) Gross section: Px = 0.90(108) = 97.2 kips Net section: Pn = 0.75(160.4) = 120 kips Py = 97.2 kips (0) Gross section: = Et = 498, = 64.7 ips Net s Pn 160.4. i jaa i Netsection: gt = ASSL = 80, 2 kips (Qe = 64.7 kips 344 Gross section: 4g = 5.87 in, = Fydg = $0(5.87) = 293.5 kips Net section: Hole diameter = 11. +L = 1.25 in An = Ag ~ Yytw x (dor a’) = 5.87 ~ 0.448(1.25) = 5,310 in? or Ay = 5.87-0.448(1 25) 0.a4s[ 1 as- LF] = 4.813 in? 0,583. 9,935 Ch. sy = 9995? Ag = AqU = 4,813(0,9352) = 4. 501 in? Py = Fide = 70(4.501) = 315. 1 kips (a) Gross section: @P, = 0.90(293.5) = 264 kips Net section: +P = 0,75(315. 1) = 236 kips (controls) Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(36) + 1.6(110) = 219 kips < 236 kips (OK) Since Py < p-P, (219 kips <236 kips), The member has enough strength. Pa 293.5 176 ki (b) Gross sei Gh = PAD = 176 kips ‘ Pa = USL = 158 ki Net section: Gt = SL5-L = 158 kips (controls) Py = D+L=36+110 = 146 kips < 158kips (OK) Since Pa < Ft (146 kips < 158 kips), ‘The member 34. 5 For A572 Grade 50 steel, F, = 50 ksi and Fy Compute the strength for one angle, then multiply by 2. B14]Gross section: 4g = 3.98 in.?, Py = FyAy = 50(3.98) = 199.0 kips Fortwo angles, P, = 2(199.0) = 398.0 kips 2 Net section: Hole diameter= J +L = 1 in An = Ag Dit x (dor d) = 3.98 - (3/8)(1) = 3. 605 in.? or An = 3.98 esis) [1 = BE] = 3.793 in or An = 3.98 ~(3/)(0) - (8) 1 - 25) = 3.980 in? or Ay = 3.98 —(3/8)(1) x 2 = 3. 230 in.?, but because of load transfer, use Ay = to. 230) = 3. 768 in.? for this possibility. ja 1-% = 1-086, — Unl-F m1 DAB, = 0.9043 Ae = AnU = 3.605(0,9043) = 3. 260 in? Py = Fy = 65(3.260) = 211.9 kips For two angles, Py = 2(211.9) = 423. 8 kips (a) LRED Solution Gross section: gP, = 0,90(398.0) = 358 kips Net section: Py = 0.75(423.8) = 318 kips (controls) (b) ASD Solution Gross section: Net section: 34-6 Gross section: Py = Fydy = 36(3.31) = 119. 2kips Netsection: Use a gage distance of 2.5 +2.5- qi = 4, 363 i (3-15)Hole diameter = Ay = Ag~Dotx (dord’) 31 — (7116)(7/8) = 2.927 in? 7 Ay = 3.31 (T/16)(18) ~ 6 J - is | 640 in? Use Ae = An = 2.640 in.2, and Py = Fuds = 58(2.640) = 153.1 kips (a) Gross section: ,P, = 0.90(119.2) = 107 kips Net section: ,P, = 0.75(153.1) = 115 kips Gross section controls. uP, = 107 Kips Fn. 1192 () Gross section: Fe = 418.2. = 71.4 kips Pa 2 UBL = 76,6 ki Net section: Gt = -Piot = 76.6 kips Gross section controls. PxlQ Shear areas: Ap = ee. 5) = 1, 969 in? i in? = ff l4.5 ~1.5(1.0)] = 1.313 in 1 i6¢ Tension area = 75 ~ 0,5(1.0)] = 0.5469 in? For this type of connection, Use = 1.0, and from AISC Equation J4-5, Ry = 0.6F xn + Uns Fun = 0,6(65)(1.313) + 1.0(65)(0, 5469) = 86.8 kips with an upper limit of 0.6F gy + UtsFudn = 0.6(50)(1.969) + 1.0(65)(0,5469) = 94.6 kips Ry = 86.8 kips [3-16]35:2 Shear areas: Age = 4Q+4)x2=6in? Am = Fp+4-150 125)] x 2 = 4,313 in? 1.188 in.? Tension area = Ay, = 405 =2-2- (0.5 +0.5)(1.125)] For this type of connection, Us, = 1.0, and from AISC Equation J4-5, Ry = 0.6F Am + UssF vA ne = 0.6(58)(4.313) + 1.0(58)(1. 188) = 219 kips with an upper limit of O.6F A gy + UtsFuyy = 0.6(36)(6) + 1.0(58)(1. 188) = 199 kips Ru = 199 kips 3.83 ‘Tension member: ‘The shear areas are. Ay = FeO.5+1 5) x2.= 4.375 in? Am = Fe [3-541L5-15($ 44) ] x2 = 3.207 i The tension area is Aw ~ z-[3.0-(0.5+0.5)(3-4 4) ] = 0.9297 in? For this type of connection, Us, = 1.0, and ftom AISC Equation J4-5, By = 0.6F Any + UF unn = 0.6(58)(3.227) + 1.0(58)(0.9297) = 166.2 kips with an upper limit of 0.6FpAgy + UneFwAne = 0.6(36)(4.375) + 1.0(58)(0,9297) = 148.4 kips ‘The nominal block shear strength of the tension member is therefore 148.4 kips. ‘Gusset Plate: Ag = $G.5+2.5)x2= 4.5 in? Ary = 33.5 +25 1.5(7/8)] x2 = 3,516 in? [3-17]3B 0 ~ (0.5 + 0.$)(7/8}] = 0.7969 in? From AISC Equation J4-5, Ry = 0.6Fudy + UseF oA = 0.6(58)(3.516) + 1.0(58)(0.7969) = 168. 6 kips with an upper limit of 0.6FyAgy + Ute ure = 0.6(36)(4.5) + 1.0(58)(0. 7969) = 143. 4 kips ‘The nominal block shear strength of the gusset plate is therefore 143.4 kips ‘The gusset plate controls, and the nominal block shear strength of the connection is 143.4 Kips (2) The design strength is @Ry = 0.75(143.4) = 108 kips Ry = 108 kips (b) The allowable strength is & = ie = 71. Tkips RulQ = 71.7 kips Gross section nominal strength: Py = Fydg = 50(3,60) = 180.0 kips Net section nominal strength: In = 3.60 - 0.314(7/8)(2) = 3, 051 in? 21-22) ~ 0525. 2 Untn Fn l~ GR = 0.9125 Ag = AqU = 3.051(0.9125) n= Fide = 65(2.784) = 181. 0 kips 2. 784 in? Block shear strength of tension member: The shear areas are Ag = 0.314(1,5 +343) x2 = 4, 710 in? Ary © O.314[1.5 +3 +3 ~2,5(7/8)] x2 = 3,336 in? The tension area is Aye = 0.314[3.0~ (0.5 + 0.5)(7/8)] = 0.6673 i For this type of connection, Us, « 1.0, and from AISC Equation J4-5, Ry = 0.6F Any + UssF udm = 0.6(65)(3.336) + 1.0(65)(0.6673) = 173. 5 kips with an upper limit of 0.6F gy + UssFuAw = 0.6(50)(4.710) + 1,0(65)(0.6673) = 184. 7 kips (3-18)The nominal block shear strength of the tension member is therefore 173.5 kips. Block shear strength of gusset plate: Ag = $1543.43) x2 5,625 in? beer fu 54343-2.5(7/8)] x2 = 3. 984 in? = $3 ~ (0.5 +0.5)(7/8)] = 0.7969 in From AISC Equation J4-5, Ry = 0.6F Any + Urs u = 0.6(58)(3. 984) + 1.0(58)(0.7969) = 184, 9 kips with an upper limit of 0.6F App + UnFudye = 0.6(36)(5.625) + 1.0(58)(0.7969) = 167.7 kips ‘The nominal block shear strength of the gusset plate is therefore 167.7 kips. The gusset plate controls, and the nominal block shear strength of the connection is 167.7 kips (a) Design strength for LRED: For tension on the gross area, 6,P, = 0.90(180.0) = 162 Kips For tension on the net area, JP, = 0.75(181. 0) = For block shear, @Ry = 0.75(167.7) = 126 kips Block shear controls. Maximum factored load = design strength = 126 kips (b) Allowable strength for ASD: 36 kips For tension on the gross area, ae = 180.0 ~ 108 kips ; Pa . 18L0 . ; For tension on the net area, "= 1Bbe? = 90. 5 kips R, 3, For block shear, 4 = 1h = 83.9 kips Block shear controls. ‘Maximum service load = allowable strength = 83.9 kips 36-1 (a) Py = 12D + 1.6L = 1.2028) + 1.6(84) 168 kips Required dy = Tak - EEO! = 5.19in2 = Pu. 168 23, 36 in? Required 4e = 7755, ~ G75(sm) ~ > 861" [3-19]= oh. = 18x12 Required rnin = fg = Tae = 0.72 in, Try LS x 343% dy = 5.81 in? > 5.19in? — (OK). Tain = 7 = 0.744 in. >0.72 in. (OK) An = 5.81 ~ 0.75(1.125) = 4. 966 in? A, » AgU = 4.966(0,80) = 3.97 in.? > 3,86 in? (OK) Use an LS x (b) Pa = D+L = 28 +84 = 112 kips fo. Po 2 Fi,” 0.6F; ~ 0.6(36) fi gee aera zee 2 Requited dy = a gh = GAtggy = 3:86 in’ Requited rin = ahi = Try L5 x 34% Ag = 5.81 in? > 5.19in? — (OK) Pain =P: = 0.744 in. > 0.72 in. (OK) An = 5.81 -0.75(1. 125) = 4. 966 in? Ae = AnU = 4.966(0.80) = 3. 97 in? > 3.86 Required Ay = = 5.19 in? 2 (OK) Use an LS x 34x % 3.62 (@) Py = 1.2D+1,6L = 1.2(100) + 1.6(50) = 200.0 kips in = Fa oe 20. att Required dy = ae = G20 = 6.17 in. Py 200 = 4.60 in? Required Ae = 73m = D7s¢say = 460 in. i aoa rarerry Requited rnin = fy = 29412 = 0.8 in, Try C12 x 25 Ay = 7.34in2 > 6.17 in? — (OK) Tin = Fy = 0.779 in. 4.60 in.? (OK) Use a C12-x 25 ‘Alternate solution using a larger radius of gyration: Try CIS x 33.9 Ag = 10.0 in.2 > 6.17 in? (OK) Prin = ty = 0.901 in.>0.8in. (OK) Ay = 10 ~0.400(1. 125)(2) = 9, 100 in.? u E = 1- 9.988 ~ 0.8687 Ag = AnU = 9.100(0. 8687) = 7.91 in? > 4,60 in? (OK) Altemate: Use a C15 x 40 (b) Pa =D+L = 100+50 Pe. 150. = 6 94 in? PoE _ 150 Required 4g = FE = 9 hr = Tee) P. = 150 2 5.17 in? Required Ae Tate 7 17in ae eee aout og | Required rnin = =hy Mae = 0.8 in. Try C12 x 25 Az = 7.34in? > 6.94in? (OK) Fain = ty = 0.779 in. < 0.8 in. (N.G.) (Although this value for the radius of gyration does not quite satisfy the AISC recommendation for maximum slenderness, tensile strength is not affected by slenderness, so some leeway is permitted. Therefore, we will consider this value acceptable.) An = 7.34 = 0.387(1.125)(2) = 6. 469 in? u= 1-4 =1- 9614 = 0.8877 Ae = AnU = 6,469(0.8877) = 5.74 in? > 5.17 in? (OK) Use a C12. x 25 Alternate solution using @ larger radius of gyration: Try CIS x 33.9 (3-21)Ag = 10.0in? > 6.94in2 (OK) Foie = ty = 0.901 in.>0.8in, (OK) An = 10~0.400(1.125)(2) = 9. 100 in? 988 ~ 0.8687 Us t fe = AnU = 9.100(0, 8687) = 7.91 in.? > 5.17 in? (OK) Altemate:_ Use 3.63 (@) Pu = 1.204 1.61 = 1.2(30) + 1,6(90) = 180.0 kips i = Pu 180 2 Required 4s = 9" = Faqcsoy ~ £00 in. ees Pee ela es c Requited de = a7ge- = Gay ~ 3:69 in Required rmin = Bq = 25212 = 1.0 in, 300 = “300 ‘The angle leg must be at least 5 in. long to accommodate two lines of bolts (See usual gages for angles, Fig. 3.24, Also see the last table in the single-angle section of the Dimensions and Properties tables in the Maral.) Try 2LS x5 x She Ag =6.13 in? > 4.00in? (OK) rin = 7x = 1.56 in. >1.0in, (OK) Ay = 6.13 ~ 4(7/8 + 1/8)(5/16) = 4. 880 in? From AISC Table D4.1, for 4 or more bolts per line, L/ = 0.80 Ae = AnU = 4,880(0.80) = 3.90 in? > 3.69 in? (OK) Use 2L5 x 5 x Sis (d) Pa = D+L = 30490 = 120 kips equi = qfa = 120. Required dy = Tei = Ghesgy = 40 seer joo ae 2 O5F, ~ O.5(65) =>" = he = x12 1.94 Required rein = 3he 50 1.0in. ‘The angle leg must be at least 5 in. long to accommodate two lines of bolts (See usual gages for angles, Fig. 3.24. Also sec the last table in the single-angle section of the Dimensions and Properties tables in the anual.) Try 215 x 5% 5/6 Required A, (3-22)Ay =613in2 > 4,00in2 (OK) fin = 1 = 1.56 in. > 1.0in, (OK) Ay = 6.13 —4(7/8 + 1/8)(5/16) = 4. 880 i From AISC Table D4.1, for 4 or more bolts per line, U = 0.80 = AnU = 4,880(0.80) = 3. 90 in.? > 3.69 in? (OK) Use 2L5 x 5 x Sis aoe (2) Load combination 4 controls: Py = 12D + 1.6W+0,5L = 1.2(54) + 1.6(75) + 0.5(80) = 224. 8 kips ees Required 4s = 997, = T’90(say ~ 0° ™ Hee Pyrat eg el Requited As = pte = oRtgay = 4:6 ine i = A, 2 ALS x12 © 0,71 Required rin = hy Syl = 0.7 in Try C10 x 20: Ag = 5.87 in. > 5.00in? (OK) = 0.690 in.= 0.7 in, (say OK) Prin = Py (Since the slenderness ratio limit is a recommendation rather than a requirement, this is close enough.) Ae = AqU = 5,87(0.85) = 4.99 in? = 5.00 in? (sayOK) Use a C10 x 20 (b) Load combination 6 controls: Pq = D+0.75W+0.75E = 54 + 0.75(75) +0.75(80) = 170. 3 kips -—Po_ = 1103. in2 Required 4s = gk = 9.6(80) 5. 68 in. : Po 70.3 in? ~ = 25.241 Required dy = qrefer = Gldtedy = 5.24 in ir 2 Ah 2 ULSe12 2073 Required rin = 395 00 0.7 in. Try C12 x 25: Ag = 7.34 in2 > 5.68in2 (OK) Tain = Fy = 0.779 in. > 0.7in. (OK) Ay = Agl = 7.34(0.85) = 6,24 in? > 5.24 in? (OK) Use a C12 x28 (3-23)3.6! P, 180 aa red Ay = = . 2 Required 4e = Gf = Thegay = 5:56in = Pu 180 8g 4 in? Requited 4s = 78a = Gaga = 4 Min AS*12 2 0,6 in. = ob Required rain = 3h a Try C10 x 20 Ag = 5.87 in > $.56in? (OK) Prin = Py = 0.690 in. >0.6in. (OK) In = 5,87 ~ 0.379(1.0)(2) = 5, 112 in? Ae = Anl = 5.112(0.85) = 4.35 in? > 4.19 in? (OK) Use a C10 x 20 3.6.6 From Part | of the Manual, all W10 shapes have a flange thickness < 1.25 in. Therefore, from Table 2-3 in Part 2 of the Manual, F, = 50 ksi and Fy = 70 ksi. 2(175) + 1.6(175) = 490.0 kips Pu = 1.2D+ 1.6L = ee ae 490 2 Required 4s = Gh = agespy 7 10-98 i HePeae eaog egy Required do = TFEae = GACY = 933m. i = = 30X12 1 2p Required ran = he ae = 1.25 Try W10x 49 Ag= 14.4 in? > 10.9in.? (OK) Pein = Py = 2.54in.> 1.2 in. (OK) Ay = 14.4 0,560(1.25 + 0.125)(4) = 11.32 in? be, 10.0, 2 = ns = Bf = 100 > 3 From AISC Table D3.1, Case 7, U = 0.90 Ae = AnU = 11,32(0.90) = 10.2 in.? > 9.33 in.? (OK) Use a Wi0 x 49 [3-24]3I4 (a) LRFD: Load combination 1 controls: Py = 1.4(45) = 63.00 kips = Pe = 3.00 cat Required ds = aasCo5R) ~ 0750.73)8) ~ 1" Let 22 1.931, d= 1. 568:in Required d = 1,57 in. Use 14/8 in (b) ASD: Load combination 2 controls: P, = D+L = 45+5 = 50 kips Fy = 0.375Fy = 0.375(58) = 21.75 ksi . 299 in? = 2a. 50 Required 4s = 42 = 3205 Let AE = 2,299, d= 1. 7in Required d= 1.71 in. Use d = 1% in. 312 (a) Dead load = beam weight = 0.048 kips/ft Wy = L.2wp + L.6we = 1.2(0.048) = 0.0576 kips/ft Py = 1.2Pp + 1.6Pz = 1.6(20) = 32.0 kips Because of symmetry, the tension is the same in both rods. The $10.0576(30) +32] = 16. 86 kips it fig yeypaunoe asatany teat (ae in? Requited Arca= As = aascaaary = TIS aaySay 7 OSS IM From 4 = 22, required d = J M0568) — 0,811 in, Required d = 0.811 in., use d = 7/8 in, (b) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is a4 or D. Entire live load is taken by one tod, 7, = 20576130). «39 = 32. 86 kips equit = ae = — 32.86 ae Required As = T75(0.75F) ~ Taso. 75a) 7 Lert = 1,007, d= 1.13in Required d = 1.13 in, use d = 1% in, [3-25](2) Dead load = beam weight = 0.048 kips/ft Because of symmetry, the tension is the same in both rods. Tq = 4[0,048(30) + 20] = 10. 72 kips F, = 0.375F, = 0.375(58) = 21.75 ksi Required 4, = Je = 40.22 = 0.4929 in? Let BE = 0,4929, d= 0,792 in, Required ¢ 792 in., use d = 13/16 in, (>) Maximum force in rod occurs when live load is a 4 or D. Entire live load is taken by one rod. Tz = 224860) 4 29 = 20. 72 kips = 2072 in? SL4e = 0.9526 in, Required As Lot 22 = 0.9526, d= 1.10in Required d = 1.10 in., use d= 18 in, 3-4 All members are pin-eonnected, and all loads are applied at the joints; therefore, all members are two-force members (either tension members or compression members). Load combination 4 controls. L6W = 1,6(10) = 16 kips Joint B Joint C 16k Pom 16k l6k—pe T, ease tan’! (20/40) = 26.57° Atjoint C, DOF: = 16-1400526.57=0 = —‘T, = 17.89 kips f, 7.89 in2 pe eerie Sy Required As = Saeca TERY = TASER SCaEY ~ 5484 in = 0.5484, d= 0,836 in. Required d = 0.836 in., use d = 7/8 in. (3-26)3.08 (2) LRFD: Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.6(35) = 56 kips r C 6 = tan '(9/ 15) = 30.96° t 56k }—1s——| Mc = 56(15) — [7sin(30.96°)](15) = 0, 7= 108.9 kips i Seen cee eee Oe ee 2 Required 4s = Tas FER) ~ TAR. 75H PF Let G2 = 3.338, d= 2,062 in Required d = 2.06 in. Use 2 "pin (0) ASD: P, = D+L = 35 kips C. s @= tan '(9/15) = 30.96" t 735k {1s SiMe = 35(15) ~ [7'sin(30.96°)](15) = 0, 7 = 68.04 kips Fy = 0.375K, = 0.375(58) = 21. 75 ksi Required Ay = = $804 — 3,128 in? a Fr 21.75 Let #& = 3.128, d= 2.00in, d=2in, 3.16 From Part I of the Manual, the inside diameter isd = 10.0 in. Volume of water per foot of length = #& x 12 = ee x12 = 942, 5 in3 ‘The total weight per foot is weight of water + weight of pipe = ie 4) 4.40.5 = 74.53 Ib/ft B27]where the density of water has been taken as 62.4 Ib/ft? (a) Treat the load as 100% dead load: wy = 1.4(74.53) = 104, 3 Ib/ft ‘The load at each support is 104.3 Ib/ft x10 ft = 1043 Ib r Tr EF, = 27-1043 =0 T=5215Ib 1043 Ib eee ee sais eee Required ds = 555% 75R,y ~ T.78. 1538) 598 x 107 in.? Let #2 = 0.01598, d= 0.148in, Required d = 0.143 in. Use */g in.minimoum (b) ‘The load at each support is 74,53 Ib/ft x10 ft= 745.3 Ib. T T BE, =27 -745.3= T =372.7\b 745.3 Ib Fr = 0.375F, = 0.375(58) = 21. 75 ksi Required 4y = © = 9377 — 1, 7145 107i Fr 21.75 Let 22 0.01714, d= 0.148 in Required d= 0.148 in. Use 5/s in.mi (3-28)Interior joint load: 30.15 30 Snow: 20(10)(12.5) = 2500 Ib Roofing: 12(10)(30. 15/30)(12. 5) = 1508 Ib Purlins: 8.5(12.5) = 106. 3 Ib Truss weight: 1000/3 = 333. 3 Ib (The assumption that the truss weight is distributed equally to the joints is approximate but is consistent with the approximate nature of the estimate of total truss weight.) (a) Load combination 3 controls: 1.2D + 1,65 = 1.2(1.508 + 0, 1063 + 0.3333) + 1.6(2.5) = 6. 337 kips Exterior joint load. Use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is the same: 1.204 1.65 = 1,.2(19$08 + 0.1063 + 23888) «1 6( 352 = 3.232 kips SLMy = 6.337(10) + 6.337(20) + 3.232(30) ~ Rax(3) Ray = 95,69 kips — Joint Bs Ry le 95.69 k <—on Fon SFr = -95.69+ sets Fac =0, Fac = 96.17 kips [3-29]Reco OG [eae in2 Required dy = fe = GAbAE. = 2.97 in, 26.17 0.75(58) £~ 10( 2945) = 10.058 2.21 in? Required 4, = 586 Required rnin = ty = 0.2 = 0.402 in, Try WTS x 1 Ag = 3.24 in? > 2,79 in? — (OK) rain = 1,33 in. > 0.402 in. (OK) u z At = 0.9027 Ae = AgU = 3.24(0.9027) = 2. 93 in? > 2.21in2 (OK) Use WTS x 9.5 (b) Load combination 3 controls: D+L = 1,508 40,1063 + 0.3333 +2.5 = 4, 448 kips Exterior joint load: use half of the above loads except for the purlin weight, which is the same: D+ b= 1SOB + 0,1063 + 25353 255. = 2 277 kips Fora free-body diagram of the entire truss, SMa = 4.448(10) + 4.448(20) + 2.277630) — Rae(3) = Rex = 67.25 kips = Fora free body of joint B: Dx = -67.25 + apy Fac = 0, Fac = 67.59 kips Requited 4 = fe = ae = 3.135 = fac. = 62.59. 9. 33in2 Required de = gee = SOBER. « 2.33 in. iced rnin = Ex = 10.0512 9,402 Required rain = hy x 0.402 in, Try WTS x 1 Ay = 3.24 >3.13in? (OK) rm = 1.33 in. > 0.402 in. (OK) Use WTS x 9.5 [3-30]3.82 ‘The diagonal web members are the tension members, and member AL has the largest force. Rk ig 2k \, le (e Rk ak E v \— _ 6@9" | =54 1 Using the method of sections and considering the force in member AL to act at L, Mo = 43(Favsin45°) ~ 12(45 + 36 +27 + 18+9) = 0 Faz = 50.91 Kips Fu 50.91 4,13 in? Required dy = Gok = @otegy = 1 13in : Fu 50.91. 2 Required de = aS = T75(65y 7 | OF ins L= {OP +O) =12.738 i = wh oe 12x is Required rnie = 3h as 0.509 in Try L34 «3x + Ag=1.56in2 >113in2 (OK) rnin = 0.628 in, >0.509in. (OK) Ay = 1.56~ (344) (4) = 1.341 in? From AISC Table D3.1, Case 8, use a value of U/ = 0.80 Ag = AU = 1.341(0,80) = 1.07 in? > 1.04 in? — (OK) Use L34 x 3 x 4 for member AL This shape can be used for all of the web tension members. Although each member could be a different size, this would not usually be practical. The following table shows the relatively small difference in requirements for all the web tension members. (3-311Member AL BK ca DI EH 3 Use load combination 3: 1.2D + 1.68. ‘Tributary surface area per joint =15 /()? + (6)? = 136.9 At Roofing: 1,2D = 1,2(12)(136.9) = 1971 Ib Snow: 1,65 = 1,6(18)(9 x 15) = 3888 Ib Truss weight: 1.2D = 1.2(5000)/12 = 500 Ib Purlin weight: 1.2D = 1.2(33 x 15) = $94.0 Ib Interior joint: 1971 + 3888 + 500 + 594 At peak: 1971 + 3888 + 500 + 2(594) 6953 Ib = 6.95 kips 7547 Ib =7.55 kips Load = 7.55 kips at peak, 6.95 kips elsewhere 3.8.4 Dead load per truss = (4 + 12 + 6)(40.79 x 2)(25) + 5(80)(25) = $4,870 Ib Snow load per truss = 18(80)(25) = 36,000 Ib D = 54870/8 = 6859 Ibjjoint, = 36000/8 = 4500 Ibyjoint (a) Load combination 3 controls: Factored joint load = 1,2D + 1.65 = 1.2(6.859) + 1.6(4.500) = 15. 43 kips (3-32)Bottom chord: Member FE has the largest tension force. Use a free body of joint £: Foe sate E Pep R R = Reaction =7(15.43)/2 = 54.01 kips DA = 54.01 - gba For = 0, Fos = 275.4 kips Dr. =275.4(af95) ~ Fee = 0, Fre Required A, = Dia 7 en, = 6.002 in? 70.1 kips red Ae = — fee = 270.1 = 2 Required Ae = Gi = Gas (gay 7 5 SAL in Required 4 at : Fromde=4,U, Required 4p = SSIS A: - SSA» 6, 52 in. (This controls the gross area requirement.) Required ran = shy = 19512 = 0.4in, Try aL3ex3bxd Ag = 6.53 in.? > 6,52 in. (OK) P= 10S in, ry = 1.63in, +. rmin = 1.05 in, >04in, (OK) Use 2L, x34 x + for bottom chord Web members: Design for the maximum tensile force, which occurs in member AH, and use ‘one shape for all tension web members (the diagonal web members). Using the method of sections (see figure), consider the force in member AH to act at H. Length = {(8)? + (10)? = 12.81 f. B33)SoM: = s -F4n(30) — 15.43(10+204+30) = 0, Fan = 49.41 kips Required Ay = wae = as = 1,098 in? Required 4, = nec = PE CoT = 10M in? From 4,=A4,U, Required 4g ~ Reauredte G14 ~ 1. 19 in. (controls) Required rain = hy = ARH 12 = 0.512 in, Try 2L2x2x Ag = 1.44in2 > 1.19in2 (OK) r= 0.612 in, ry = 0.967 in, * rnin = 0.612 in.>0.512in, (OK) Use 2L 2 x2 x 4 for diagonal web members () Load combination 3 controls: Joint load = D+ $= 6859 +4500 = 11,360 Ib sR, 136k 40 Bottom chord: Member FE has the largest tension force. Use a free body of joint £: R = Reaction = 7(11.36)/2 = 39. 76 kips Lh = 39.76 - gis Foe =0, For = 202.7 kips 40) — Fee = DA = 202.7( Toy) - Fee Fre = 198.8 kips (3-34)is = Fee. . 198.8. _ 2 Required Ae = GEE" = Gegsay ~ & 627i" Required de = GAPE = GIRS = 6.117 in Fromd, = 4,U, Required Ag = Required As (This controls the gross area requirement.) Required rein = shy = Lage = 0.4in (OK) Pain = 1.55 in. >0.4in. (OK) Use 2L 5 x5 x ‘Web members: Design for the maximum tensile force, which occurs in member AH, and use one shape for all tension web members (the diagonal web members). Using the method of sections (see figure), consider the force in member AH to act at H. Length = /(8)? + (10)? = 12. 81 ft. ya shar Fan - 11.36(10 + 20 + 30) = fa. 3638. 2 2 Required Ae = qghe = Gegiaey = 1213 in = 36,38. iv 0,5(65) Fray = 36.38 kips Required A, = 7 = 1,119 in? FromA, =AgU, Required 4g = Required Ae AM? ~ 1,32 in? (controls) ir = of = 128txl2 _ i Required rnin = yGg 300 0.512 in. Try 2L2%2 fe Ap = 1.44in? > 1,32in? (OK) re = 0.612 in, ry = 0.967 in, rm = 0.612 in. > 0.512 in, (OK) ‘Use 2L 2 x 2.x 3p for diagonal web members Use sag rods at midspan of purlins. ‘Top Chord length = (40)? + (8)? = 40. 79 ft Tributary area = 40.79(25/2) = 509. 9 ft? (3-35)(a) Total vertical load = 6(509.9) = 3059 Ib =3059(-8_) = Component parallel to roof = 3059( 8-5) = 600. 0 Ib Since the design is for dead load only, use load combination | Py = 1.4D = 1,4(600) = 840 Ib eee __0.840 eee O40.75F,) ~ 0.75(0.75)38) = 0.02575 i Let ae = 0.02575: d=0.18tin, Required d = 0.181 in., Use 4 in, minimum (b) Py = 600.0 Ib Fy = 0.375F, = 0,375(58) = 21. 75 ksi Required 45 = # = Scop 0.02759 in? Let a = 0,02759, d= 0.187 in, Required d = 0.187 in,, Use $ in, minimum [3-36CHAPTER 4 - COMPRESSION MEMBERS 43 @ Kb = 1000212) «45.28 Since KLir = 45,28 < 113.4, use AISC Eq. E3-2, Fey = 0.6580FI Fy = 0, 6580°991(50) = 43, 04 Py = FoyAg = 43.04(29.4) = 1265 kips KL — 1.060% 12) _ ) TOF 135.8 BE = 2229009) 15, 52 ksi (KLir)® (135.8)? Ee anf = 4.71 [7208 = 113.4 Fe 30 Since KLir = 135.8 > 113.4, use AISC Eq, E3-3: Fe, = 0.877F, = 0.877(15.52) = 13.61 ksi 270 kips F Py = FepAg = 13.61(29.4) = 400. 1 kips Px = 400 kips 432 KL 1.005%12) _ 91 59 r 3.68 iss 2 y= SEE, = £09,009) 2 43, 07 si * (kur? ~ (81.52)? Fer = 0.65806 F, = 0,6580820(38) = 24. 91 ksi Py = Fepg = 24.91(11.1) = 276. 5 kips 277 kips (41)43-3 KL . 2.105% 12) _ 154.3 r 245 = PE _ (29,000) _ : Fem Teone > Zaage'ayr 7 12-02 ksi 29,000 _ 4 lee = 113.4 Since KLir = 154,3 > 113.4, use AISC Eq. E3-3: ‘er = 0.877F, = 0.877(12.02) = 10. 54 ksi Py = FoAg = 10.54(16.8) = 177. 1 kips 434 (Bh = 295015212) 4g, 95 = —@E_ _ 7°(29,000) _ ‘ Fem Celine 7 (4g.95)2 7 9-5 ksi an [E = 4.71 [22:00 - 118.3 Since KL/r = 48.95 < 118.3, use AISC Eq, E3-2: Fer = 0.658F0)F, = 0. 658(8695)(46) = 39, 15 ksi Py = Fodg = 39.15(13.5) = 528. 5 kips Design strength = $ Faria = 60s anf =4.n | 2oo =113.4 Since KL/r = 42.83 < 113.4, use AISC Eq. E3-2: Pep = 0.658 Fy = 0.658°5056(50) = 43, 72 ksi Py = Fordg = 43.72(35.1) = 1535 kips Design strength = 6P, = 0.90(1535) = 1382 kips 1380 kips Allowable strength = io = 1835 = 919.2kips Ee = 919 kips (b) From Manual Table 4-22, for KL/r = 42.83 and Fy = 50 ksi, beFe = 3 bcPn = boFordg = 39.33(35.1) = 1380 kips 33 ksi (by interpolation) 1380 kips (43]i = 26,22 ksi (by interpolation) fe = Fede. 76.29(35.1) = 920.3 kips ‘Compute the overall, or flexural, buckling strength. Al . = 87.80 < 200 (OK) Maximum KL = 4.71 Since 87.80 < 118, use AISC Equation E3-2. Fyw EE, = 09,009) 2 37.13 ksi “(Bury (87.80)* Foe = 0.6587" OF, = 0,65809713(46) = 27, 39 ksi ‘The nominal strength is Py = Fody = 27.39(6.06) = 166. Okips Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual, the Width-thickness ratio for the larger overall dimension is, he Aa54.5 ‘The ratio for the smaller dimension is be 4 =43.0 From AISC Table B4.1, case 12 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for nonslender elements is 1.40 [EE = L4o/ Vi = 35.15 46 Since both # and 4 are > 1.40 fF, both elements are slender and the local buckling y strength must be computed. (Although the limiting width-thickness ratio is labeled b/t in the table, that is a generic notation, and it applies to Hr as well.) Because these cross-sectional elements are stiffened elements, Q, = 1.0, and Q, must be computed from AISC Section E7.2. The shape is a rectangular section of uniform thickness, so AISC E7.2(b) applies, provided that b> 14 /E 2140 fFwhere Pa fiat and Agris the reduced effective area. The Specification User Note for square and rectangular sections permits a value of f= Fy to be used in lieu of determining f by iteration. From AISC Equation E7-18, the effective width of the slender element is =toufE [1-938 E ion E7- b vox fE[ 1 it Elo Therefore, there is no reduetion for the 8-inch sides, and the reduced area is Aug = 6.06 ~ 0.2554 = 5, 805 in.? ‘The reduction factor is Q, = At. = 5,805. = 0.9579 4 6.06 Q = QQ, = 1.0(0.9579) = 0.9579 Compute the local buckling strength. Eo 4.7) [00 4.71 oF 4.71 yost946) 120.8 AL = 87.80 < 120.8 use AISC Equation E7-2. BF Fe = Q| 0.658 Fe |r, 0.9579(46) = 0.9579] 0.658 37.13 |46 = 26. 81 ksi + 24.44 ksi (the assumed value) Try f= 26.81 ksi: [4-6]~ 0.38. (54.5) ¥ 26.81 by = 1.92(0. 1) ‘The total loss in area is 2(b ~ be)t = 2(9.478 ~ 8.468)(0.174) = 0.3515 in? and the reduced area is Ae = 6.06 ~ 0.3515 = 5, 709 in? ‘The reduction factor is Q= Qa = 1.0(0.9421) = 0.9421 Compute the local buckling strength. E 29,000 _ ange = 47 Proaniaay 728 AL = 87.80.< 121.8 +. use AISC Equation B7-2. OF For = ofoss Fe )e .9421(46 = 0.9421| 0,658 37.13 46 = 26. 59 ksi * 26.81 ksi Try f= 26.59 ksi (BOOT, 0.38 (COT be = 1,9200.174) 1 56°59 i (a5 V 26.59 | ~ 8 492 in Loss in area = 2(6 — b,)t = 2(9.478 ~ 8.492)(0. 174) = 0.343 1 in? Reduced area = Aeg = 6.06 ~0.3431 = 5.717 in? Ag - 5,02 2 2. A 06 0.9434 = 0,0, = 1.0(0.9434) = 0.9434 EL = 87,80 < 121.8 + use AISC Equation E7-2. OFy ‘r= QO] 0.658 Fe [Fy (#7)0.9434(46 = 0.9834) 0.658 37.13 |46 = 26.61 ksi = 26.59 ksi Recall that AISC Equation E7-18 for 6. applies when b/t > 1.40 JE/. In the present case, ia 29,000. 46.2 1 40fF = 1.40 a a = 46.2 Since 54.5 > 46,2, AISC Equation E7-18 does apply. Pn = Ferg = 26,61(6.06) = 161.3kips _ «. local buckling controls. Pq = 161 kip: 43-8 Compute the overall, or flexural, buckling strength Maximum Se Kl. 2:1009%12) 4 g7.20 < 200 (OK) 25,000 _ 71 [PRD 13.4 -¢ 87.20 < 113.4, use AISC Equation E3-2. Fro SEE, = 2229.00) 237,64 ksi (KLir)® (87.20) Fer = 0.65800 Fy, = 0,65860375)(50) = 28. 68 ksi The nominal strength is 28,68(29.8) = 855 kips Check width-thickness ratios. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual, the width-thickness ratio of the web is From AISC Table B4.1, case 10 (and Figure 4.9 in this book), the upper limit for nonslender elements is Ee axe 7 149 fF = 1.49/70 35,38 since > 1.49 [-E, the web is slender. te Fy For the flange, 7 = 7.68 < 0.56 -E = 0,56 [72:00 = 13, 49... flange isnot slender 8)Because the web is a stiffened element, Q, = 1.0, and Q, must be computed from AISC Section E7.2. AISC E7.2(a) applies, provided that be Lao fF where b/t is the generic notation for the width-thickness ratio and f = F,, computed with Q = 1.0, From the flexural buckling strength computations above, Fz, = 28.68 ksi. 149 fF = 1.49] ROP = 47.38 Since < 1.49, F-, local buckling does not contro. Pn 43-9 KL . 9.80012) _ 57.83 r 1.66 ‘| 2, #729, 000, i a — = 85, 58 ksi (25,000, AT Bae = 18.3 > 57.83 ‘e80"R, = 0,65808558(46) = 36. 73 ksi Pp = Fordg = 36.73(5.24) = 192. 5 kips (a) Let Pu = bePn 1.2D + 1,6(2D) = 0,90(192.5), Solution is: {D = 39.38} P= D+L = 39.38 + 2(39.38) = 118 kips P= 118 kips (b) Let Pa = PniQe D+L = 192.5/1.67 = 115 kips P= 15 kips 43-10 AL 28G0212) ~ 93,81 = 2B _ . 22(29,000) _ «Tepe 7 “oxane 7 32 S2hsi 71 fae = 113.4 > 93,81 For = 0,658" OF, = 0,6580609259 (50) = 26. 27 ksi Pry = Ferg = 26.21(25.6) = 672. 5 kips 9](@) GePr = 0,90(672.5) = 605 kips Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(110) + 1.6(280) = 580 kips < 605 kips (OK) A WI2 x 87 is adequate - 2.5. Qe = "1.67 P= D+L = 110 +280 = 390 kips < 403 kips (OK) A WI2 x 87 is adequate KL = 1,0(18) = 18 ft (1) Py = 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(265) + 1.6(130) = 526.0 kips From the column load tables for KL = 18 ft, a W14 x 74 has a design strength of 563 kips. Use a WI4 x 74 (a2) Pa= D+ L = 265 + 130 = 395 kips From the column load tables for KL = 18 ft, a WI4 x 82 has an allowable strength of 413 Kips. Usea WI4 x 82 (b-1) Assume Fie = 25 ksi Py _ _ 526.0 Ae? Fe ~ Tooasy 734 Try W16% 77 (anonslender shape), Ay = 22.6 in.2, ry KL , (8x12) AL =. 8 *12) — $7.45<200 (OK) Fp = EB, « £229,000) _ 37.43 xsi (tin ~~ 7.45)? pee ee| 25,000 ae 4.71 FT 47y = 113.4 > 87.45 1. Foy = 0.6580" F, = 0,6580%774(50) = 28. 59 ksi Py = Fody = 28.59(22.6) = 646. | kips d Py = 526 kips (OK) Use a W16 x77 (b-2) Assume Fey = 25 ksi P. Settle =a ata 4s Tory = Tecasy 77638 [4-10}‘Try W16 x 89 (a nonslender shape), Ag = 26.2in.2, ry = 2.49 in. (8x12), AL ig 7 86.75 < 200 (OK) Fy = EE, = £29,009) 39.03 ksi (KLiry (86.75)? fea P= - an fE =4.n yA gpm = 113.4 > 86.75 Fer = 0.658" F, = 0,658153803(50) = 28, 84 ksi Py = Fordy = 28.84(26.2) = 755. 6 kips ra 7 ae = 452>P,=395kips (OK) Use a W16 x89 462 KL = 2.0(20) = 408 (a1) Py = 1.2D+1.6L = 1.2(110) + 1.6(110) = 308 kips From the column load tables for KL = 40 ft, a W12 x 120 has a design strength of 339 kips. Use a W12 x 120 @2) Pa= D+L= 110+ 110 = 220 kips From the column load tables for KL = 40 ft, a W12 x 120 has an allowable strength of 225 ips Use a WI2 x 120 (bel) Py = 12D + 1.6L = 1.2(110) + 1.6(110) = 308 kips Assume Far = 25 ksi aPe = 308 = 13,69 in? As? GF ~ To0a3y * 1m ‘Try W18 x 65 (anonslender shape), 4g = 19.1 in.?, ry = 1.69 in. = 2.020% 12) _ 284.9 > 200 % 1.8 Try W18 x 86 (a nonslender shape), 4g = 25.3 in.?, r, = 2.63 in. KL = 2.020%12) _ 199.5 < 200 ie 2.63 (29, 000) Fen ie - zee = 8,594 ksi anf - any BOW 113.4 < 192.5 [4-11]2. Fo = 0.877Fe = 0.877(8.594) = 7. 537 ksi Py = Ferg = 7.537(25.3) = 190.7 Pn = 0.90(190.7) = 171. 6 Kips < P, ke) Assume Fo. = 8 ksi de > Pe = —308 *° GeFe — 0.90(8) Try WI8 x 158 (a nonslender shepe), 4g = 46.3 in2, ry = 2.74 in, AL = 2:000%12) 175.9 < 200 2.74 WE _ 7°(29,000) _ 9 y95 455 (KLir)? (175.2)? Koanl[E ‘or = 0.877, = 0.877(9.325) = 8. 178 ksi = 42,8 in? Pp = Ferg = 8.178(46.3) = 378. 6 kips. $cPq = 0.90(378.6) = 341 kips> Py = 308kips (OK) Try the next lightest shape; try a W18 x 143 (a nonslender shape), 4g = 42.1 in.2, ry = 2Min. KL _ 2.0(20x 12) _ AL 20 = 176.5 < 200 P, = EE = 22(29,000) _ 9 198 ksi “Kir? ~~ (176.5) Fe = 0.877Fe = 0.877(9, 188) = 8. 058 ksi Py = ForAg = 8.058(42.1) = 339. 2 kips b-Py = 0.90(339.2) = 305 kips < Py = 308kips (N.G.) Use a W18 x 158 (6-2) Pe = D+ L = 1104110 = 220kips Assume Fy = 8 ksi Py, -220_ 2 O.6F, ~ recy * 458i ‘Try WIS x 158 (a nonslender shape), 4z = 46.3 in.2, ry =2.74 in, AL = 2.000%12) ~ 175.2 < 200 Ag> 2.74 2 a BE. 729,000) _ 9 395 isi Fem Grint ~ 75.22 [4-12]any 13.4 < 175.2 Js Fer = 0.877F, = 0,877(9.325) = 8. 178 ksi Py = Foy = 8.178(46.3) = 378. 6 kips Ps . 378.6 _ = 220 ki Oe = EF = 227 > Pa = 220kips (OK) Use a WI8 x 158 4.6.3 KL = 2,1(12) = 25.2 ft (@) Pa = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(100) + 1.6(300) = 600.0 kips HSS 14x 10x£: — boPu = 721 kips > 600 kips, w = 93.1 lb/ft HSS 20x 12x: — ¢ePn = 630 kips > 600 kips, w = 78.4 Ib/ft (6) Py = D+L = 100 +300 = 400 kips HSS 20x 12x: Py/Q, = 419 kips > 400 kips, w = 78.4 lb/ft KL = 0,8(15) = 128 (@) Pu = 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(42) + 1.6(42) = 118 kips Pipe 6 Std: ¢cPx = 133 kips > 118 kips; w = 19.0 lb/ft Use a Pipe 6 Sta. (b) Pe = D+L = 42442 = 84 kips Pipe 6 Std: Pyle = 88.7 kips > 84 kips; w = 19.0 Ibvft Use a Pipe 6 Sta. 465 KL = 2.1(12) = 25.2 ft (a) Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1,2(100) + 1.6(300) = 600.0 kips HP14 x 89: $oPy = 688 kips Use HP14 x 89 [4-13]() Pp = DL = 100 +300 = 400 kips HPI4 x 89: P,/Q, = 458 kips Use HP 14 x 89 46-6 KL = 0.8(15) = 128 (@) Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(42) + 1.6(42) = 118 kips HSS 5x 4x 3/8: cP» = 124 kips > 118 kips, w = 19.7 lb/ft HSS 6x4 x 5/16: GeP» = 125 kips > 118 kips, w = 19.1 Ib/ft HSS 6x 5% 1/4: Pn = 125 kips > 118 kips, w = 17.3 Ib/ft HSS7x5x 3/16: GePa = 118 kips, w = 14.5 Tovft Use HSS 7x 5 x 3/16 ()) Pas D+L= 42442 = 84 kips HSS 6x 5% 1/4: Py/Qe = 92.0 kips > 84 Kips, w = 17.3 lb/ft HSS 8x6 %3/16: — Py/Qe = 99.6 kips > 84 kips, w = 17.1 Ibvft Use HSS 8 x 6 x 3/16 46-7 Pu = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(90) + 1.6(260) = 524 kips KL = 0,65(15.33) = 9.965 say 10 f (@ Use a W12 x 53 (bePn = 590 kips) (b) Use a Pipe 12 XS (w = 65.5 Ib/ft, $oPp = 544 Kips) (©) Use an HSS 9 x 9x 4 (w = $5.5 Ibift, p-P_ = 585 kips) (@) Use an HSS 12 «10x 2 (w = 52.9 lb/ft, GePy = 567 kips) 46-8 P, = D+ L = 90 +260 = 350 kips KL = 0,65(15.33) = 9. 965 say 10 ft (a) Use a W12 x 53 (Pa/Qc = 393 kips) (b) Use a Pipe 12 XS (w = 65.5 Ibi, Py/Q, = 362 kips) (©) Use an HSS 9x 9x 4 (w= 55.5 Ibifi, Pw, = 389 kips) (@) Use an HSS 12 x10 x 2 (w = 52.9 Ibvft, P,/M. = 378 kips) 4-14)(@) Py = 1.2D + 1.6L = 1.2(90) + 1.6(260) = 524 kips Assume Fy = 25 ksi Py. — S24 $F — 0.90(25) ‘Try W21 x 93 (a nonstender shape), Ag = 27.3 in.?, ry = 1.84 in, KL _ 9.65(15.33 12) _ 64,99 < 200 1.84 % p= —BE_ - (29,000) (Kline (64.99)? [EZ = 29,000 4 fe = ANY 55 0.658%) F, = 0,658°508770)(50) = 36. 71 ksi Py = Ferg = 36.71(27.3) = 1002 kips #2Pn ~ 0.90(1002) = 902 kips >524 kips (OK, but too conservative) Assume Fy = 35 ksi Ay> 23, 29 in? 67. 76 ksi = 113.4 > 64.99 Py 524 2 As? Ge = H90(33 7 16:3 ind ‘Try W21 x 68 (a slender shape), 4g = 20.0in2, ry = 1.80 in. AL = 9.65(5.55 212) — 66.43 < 200 = a Gi 86 ksi ane 34.71 OE 213.4 > 64.49 2. For = 0.6586HFO F, = 0.658509(50) Py = Fardg = 36.21(20.0) = 724.2 kips ePn = 0.90(724.2) = 652 kips >524 kips (OK) Check web local buckling. From the dimensions and properties table in the Mamual, the width-thickness ratio of the web is 36.21 ksi Because this cross-sectional element is a stiffened element, Q, ~ 1.0, and Q, must be computed from AISC Section B7.2. AISC E7.2(a) applies, provided that [415]bs Ez b> 1.49 iF ‘here Bit is the generic notation for the width-thickness ratio and f = F.- computed with Q = 1.0. From the flexural buckling strength computations above, Fer ~ 36.21 ksi. 149 fF = 1.4920 42.17 Since B > 1.49 = + local buckling strength must be checked. The unreduced width of the web is 6 = d—2kéer = 21,1 -2(1,19) = 18.72 in, From AISC Eq. E7-17, The reduced effective width is b= 1.9 fE [1 ~ 934 JE ]<* BOO | 9.34, (BOOT | : = 1,92(0.430) j= ft ae en |= 18:21 in <1872%n, ‘The reduced area is Aqg = A~te(b ~ be) ~ 20.0 ~ 0.43018. 72 ~ 18,21) = 19. 78 in? Qa= Q= Ae = 1278 ~ 0,989 Determine which critical stress equation to use: a B00 _ ee age an Yaseen 14,1 > SE = 66.43 0.989(50) » Fer = Q| 0.658 cal F, = 0.989] 0.658 64.86 |(50) = 35. 94 ksi Py = Fepdg = 35.94(20.0) = 718. 8 kips GoPn = 0.90(718.8) = 647 kips > 524 kips (OK, but still too conservative) Try W21 x 62 (a slender shape), 4 = 18.3in2, ry = 1.7 in. KL _ 0.65(15.33 x12) © 7 ec 67.56 < 200 = EE = 22(29.000) gy 71 ksi (KLiry= (67.56)? 47 F 4.71 os Foy = 0.658) F, = 0,6585"270(5Q) = 35. 81 ksi Py = Ferdg = 35.81(18.3) = 655. 3 kips $ePy = 0.90(655.3) = S90 kips >524 kips (OK) From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual, the width-thickness ratio of the web = 113.4 > 67.56 [4-16]ho f= 69 From the flexural buckling strength computations above, Fo = f = 35.81 ksi 29,000 _ 149 fF = 1.49, 29,000. 42.4 since 2 > 1.49 {local buckling strength must be checked. The unveduced width of the web's b= d= Shee = 21.0 2(1.12) = 18. 76in, From AISC Bq, B7-11, The reduced effective width is JE 1.34 fE b= 192fE [1 034 JE ]so _ 29,000 [ ,_ 0.34 [29,000] _ ae tease = 1.92(0.400) 58ST | 1 Gedy (agar | 717. 38 in. <8 = 18-76 in ‘The reduced area is Aqg = A~ty(b~ be) 18.3 ~ 0.400(18.76 = 17.35) = 17. 74 in? =o- 4H 212 Qe= B= = Determine which critical stress equation to use: 79,000 _ KL 4.7) le ATL aagpaoy 7 1S.2> Sh = 67.56 QF, 9694(50) 2. For = Q| 0.658 Fe | F, = 0.9694] 0.658 62.71 (50) = 35. 07 ksi = 0.9694 Py = Ferg = 35.07(18.3) = 641. 8 kips ePn = 0.90(641.8) = 578 kips > 524kips (OK) Use W21 x 62 (0) Pa = D+L = 90 +260 = 350 kips Assume Fo, = 35 ksi PEP enti oaa eee 2 As? Gis 7 Woo) 7 16 Oi Try W21 x 62 (a slender shape), Ay = 18.3 in2, ry = 1.77 in. AL = 2.6505.33 012) _ 67.56 < 200 PE_ _ £°(29,000) i (Kiiry (67.56 ats [6-17]113. 4 > 67.56 = 0,6589¥52.70(50) = 35. 81 ksi Pao Ferg = 38.81(18.3) = 655 & = $55.3. = 392 kips > 350kips (OK) Check web local buckling. From the dimensions and properties table in the Manual, the width-thickness ratio of the web is kips 46.9 Because this cross-sectional element is a stiffened element, Q, = 1.0, and Qy must be ‘computed from AISC Section E7.2. AISC E7.2(a) applies, provided that Peery where bit is the generic notation for the width-thickness ratio and f= F., computed with Q= 1.0. From the strength calculations above, Fz. = f= 35.81 ksi. 149 fF = 1.49 B:000 92.4 Since # > 1.49, {F , local buckling strength must be checked. The unreduced width of the web is b = d—2kaee = 21.0~2(1.12) = 18. 76 in, From AISC Eq. E7-17, The reduced effective width is ] sb st 0.3: be n9f E12 FF = 1.92(0.400) | 22,000 i - 3 23,000) in 471 Toebacsoy 7 15-2 > AE = 67.56 QF, 0.9694(50) 658 Fe | F, =0.9694) 0.658 62.71 (50) = 35.07 ksi 5.07(18.3) = 641. 8 kips Fer Pao Fodg (4-18)Se = 384 kips > 350kips (OK) Use W21 x 62 KE 2103212) ogg. 4, AGE = L005 412) 62,15 (controls) PE. 129,000) _ 74 10 ksi Kure (62.15) 79,000 anfE =a.) Pam = 103.5 > 62.15 For = 0.6585FF, = 0.6580" 1(60) = 42.75 ksi Py = Pordg = 42.75(29.5) = 1260 kips Check for slender compression elements for F, = 60 ksi = = E (29,000 Flange: 4 = 5.29, dy = 0.56 = 0.5655 12.3 Since A < 2,, flange is nonslender. 29,000 49 Pn Web: a= ft = 24.3, = 32.8 Since 2 < A», web is nonslender. Therefore, the nominal compressive strength is Py = 1260 kips. 4 Foran HSS 10 x 6 x 5/16, Ay = 8.76 in.?, r; = 3.66 in., 7, = 2.47 in, and there are no slender elements (see table that follows Manual Table 1-12), KL 2 x12. Kok _ 9x12 GL 2 15x12 wags, ph 202-43. 2 = EB, = 722,009) _ 148, 3 ksi (Klint ~ (49.187 BT. 118.3 Since KL/r = 49.18 < 118.3, use AISC Eq, £3-2: Fer = 0,658) Fy = 0,658°46180(46) = 39. 09 ksi Py = Fordg = 39.09(8.76) = 342. 4 kips [419](@) bcPn = 0.90(342.4) = 308. 2 Kips bcPr = 308 kips Py . 342.4. i Pa 2 205 ki @) Ge = MES = 205.0 kips GE = 205 kips 43 Fora WI2%79, Ap =23.2in4, ry = 5.34, my ry = 3,05 in, Kh. x12 62,92, BE — 1612 ~ 62,95 (controls) Pe = 534 Fe 308 BE. 1°(29,000) 99 93 xsi (kine ~~ (62.95)2 | ~ 722381 4 WE = 4.71 [700 103.5 Since KL/r = 62,95 < 103.5, use AISC Eq, E3-2: Fe = 0.6585") F, = 0.658629(60) = 42, 38 ksi Pry Ferdg = 42.38(23.2) = 983.2 Kips Check for slender compression elements for F, = 60 =e 7 - (29,000 _ Pak, ose 0.56, 2700 — 12,3 Flange: Since 4 < 2,, flange is nonslender. eaaejee eg eae 29,000 _ Web: a= f= 20.7, f= 1.49 [Em 1.49200 = 32.8 Since 4 < 2,, web is nonslender, Therefore, the nominal compressive strength is Py = 983.2 kips. (2) LRED Solution: Pn ~ 0.90(983,2) = 885 kips Pu=1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(180) + 1.6320) = 728kips <885 ips (OK) Yes; member is satisfactory. (©) ASD Solution: Px. 983.2 . at = SPGP = 589 kips Py = D+L = 180 +320 = $00kips <589kips (OK) Yes; member is satisfactory. (4-20)44 Kb=2, KL=22-10= 128 (@) Pa = 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1.2(142) + 1.6(356) = 740.0 kips From the column load tables for KJ = 12 ft, try a W14 x 74 $ 15 ralry ~ 7.80 For KL = 19 ft, $-Px = 2150kips <2280kips (NG) Try a WI2 x 252: KL 35. _ Aah = Pa = ose ist For KL = 20, $ePy = 2280kips=P, (OK) Investigate W14 shapes: Try a W14 x 211, Py = 2420 kips for KE = 15 ft Keb _ 35. = 21.74 ft.>15 ft rairy ~ 1.61 For KL = 20 ft, dePa = 2160 kips <2280kips (NG) Try a W14 x 233: KL aeas tie = Pep = 21. OR Ish rary (4-21)For KL = 21.60 ft, @-Py = 2300 kips > 2280 kips (OK) ‘The W14 x 233 is the lightest W shape (in the column load tables) that will work, Use a W14 x 233 (b) Py =D+L = 380+ 1140 = 1520 kips From the column load tables for KL = 15 ft, there are no W8 or W10 shapes with enough strength. Try a WI2 x 230: 19, Pe = 1430 kips < 1520 kips (N.G.) Try a WI2 x 252: ek . 35 2 19,34 8> 15 rary * T.8T For KE = 20, 2% = 1520kips= P, (OK) Investigate Wi4 shapes: Try a Wi4 x 211. Ze = 1610 kips for KL =15 KL 35 wan” Par 72 Taf > 1s For KL = 208, £2 = 1440 kips <1520kips (N.G.) Try a W14 x 233: Kb _ 35, = = 21.60 ft> 15 ft ralry 1 For KL = 21.608, e = 1530 kips > 1520kips (OK) ‘The W14 x 233 is the lightest W shape (in the column load tables) that will work, Use a W14 x 233 4746 KL = 15 fi, KyL = ft The x-axis strength will control when rir < fal = 2.0. This is true for all rectangular a HSS. [4.23](@) Py = 1.2D4 1.6L = 1.2(35) + 1.6(80) = 170.0 kips KL AS » Payee esac ‘Try an HSS 9 x 7 x 3/16 (w = 19.7 Ibvft): Kh. AS ees rdry TT 12,40, $ePa = 170kips for KE = 13 ft (OK) Assume ra/ry Use an HSS 9 x 7 x 3/16 (b) Pa = D¥L = 35 +80 = 115 kips = KL As. Assume rafy = 1.2, pe = 1h = 12.5. ‘Try an HSS 9 « 7 x 3/16 (w = 19.7 Ib/f) Kb 1S. bet Ab = Tp = oe, oe 1Skips= P, (OK) Use an HSS 9 x 7x 3/16 47-7 K,L = 27 ft, KyL = 15 ft Kal. will control when ae > KyL, or Keb. 7 E> dry KL. He For this column, 7° = 8 Kl. ralty (@) Py = 1.2D+ 1.6L = 1,233) + 1.6(82) = 171 kips Pelty is < 1.8 for all HSS, so will control for this column. Check within each range of 7/1 for possible choices. For rary ~ 1.2, Sek = 22 = 22.58 Try an HSS 10x 8x 4, w = 29.2 Ib/f 3 KL airy = 22.71 @ePn > 205kips (OK) Kb _ 21 For ralry = = = ‘try xdwed ralty AB, ee = pg = NH an HSS 8 x6 4, 1.9 Ib/t Kol _ 20 = 21,6, bePe > 201 kips (OK) Tadry ~ 1.25 Kh 2 2s n x8x2,w= Focrdry = 1a, RG = 2 = 19. Tryan HSS 12 8 ag, w = 24.7 Ik KL a Pig — 19-858 bee > ITI Kips (OK) [4-23]