MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
Lesson Title: Integration Techniques: Integration By Parts (IBP) Materials:
Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: Textbook, scientific calculator
1. Examine the given integral and recognize if integration by parts is
applicable. References:
2. Apply the IBP technique to evaluate definite and indefinite Differential & Integral Calculus
integrals. by Love & Rainville
Calculus by James Stewart
[Link]
Productivity Tip:
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction
In the previous lessons, you learned the fundamentals of integration and the application of the Substitution Rule
(𝑢 − 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)in evaluating not only the indefinite integrals but the definite integrals as well. In today’s
lesson, you will learn a technique for using the basic rules to obtain the integrals of more complicated integrands.
This technique corresponds to the Product Rule of differentiation and is called the rule for integration by parts
(IBP).
In your study on integration techniques, it is expected that you have already acquired sufficient knowledge not
only on the fundamental rules and formulas but more importantly, on their applications.
Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1
What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)
. 1 When are you going to use the
Integration by Parts technique?
2 What rule of differentiation
corresponds to IBP?
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
3 What are the two main
classifications of functions you have
learned?
[Link] LESSON
Activity 2: Content Notes)
Integration by parts (IBP) is a technique for integrating products of functions. It is frequently used when the basic
integration rules won’t work or when the function to be evaluated is the product of two simpler functions. It
permits integration of products involving algebraic and transcendental functions such as𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥,𝑥 𝑙𝑛 𝑥,𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 , and
𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 to mention a few.
Now, let us consider the product rule for differentiation and derive from it this important integration technique.
The product rule for differentiation states that if 𝑢(𝑥) and 𝑣(𝑥)are differentiable functions of 𝑥, then
𝑑(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢.
A little rearrangement gives
𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑(𝑢𝑣) − 𝑣𝑑𝑢.
Integrating both sides of the equation
udv = d (uv ) − vdu.
Gives us
∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢.
This gives us a technique for integration called INTEGRATION by PARTS (IBP), which allows us to integrate
many products of functions of x. We take one factor in this product to be u while the other factor is taken to be dv.
Note that our aim in using IBP is to obtain a simpler integral than the one we started with, that is, ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 must be
easier to evaluate than∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣. The key point here is having correct choices in assigning a function as 𝑢 and the
differential of another function as𝑑𝑣.
The acronym ILATE (which stands for inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, algebraic, trigonometric, and
exponential expressions) can guide us in giving preferences on what function is to be assigned as 𝑢, i.e., we have
to choose 𝑢according to what function comes first in the acronym. For example, to evaluate∫ 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 we prefer
to assign the algebraic expression 𝑥as𝑢, and the trigonometric expression 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 as 𝑑𝑣. We then have 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
and 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 so that using the IBP formula∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢,
∫ 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶.
Now, assigning the other way around will make the integral more complicated and the integration process more
difficult.
Let's look at the steps involved when using integration by parts.
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
1. Choose 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣 correctly (use the acronym ILATE as guide)
2. Obtain the differential of𝑢, that is,𝑑𝑢, and the integral of 𝑑𝑣, that is, 𝑣.
3. Plug𝑢,𝑣, 𝑑𝑢, 𝑑𝑣 into the integration according to the parts formula ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 =
𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 and simplify.
Let's apply these steps to evaluate∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥. We know our two functions are 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 and 1. Since the derivative of
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 is well-known as 𝑑𝑥/𝑥, it would probably be a good idea to let 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥. Similarly, the integral of 1 is well-
known as 𝑥 + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a constant. Thus, we will let 𝑑𝑣 = 1𝑑𝑥. It's important to note that we don't include
the constants when finding different integrals during the solving process. This is because the constants that would
show up throughout will all be taken care of at the end of the process when we have our final constant.
𝑑𝑥
Assign 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥. So 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
and 𝑣 = 𝑥
At this point, we've actually completed steps 1 and 2, and we have our 𝑢, 𝑑𝑢, 𝑣, and 𝑑𝑣. All we have to do now is
plug the results into our formula and simplify.
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 𝑥
∫ 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝐶
EXAMPLE PROBLEM #1
2
∫ 𝑥 5 √𝑥 3 + 1𝑑𝑥
1
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 5 ,𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 ,𝑑𝑣 = √𝑥 3 + 1𝑑𝑥
However, as with the previous example this won’t work since we can’t easily compute v. This is not an easy
integral to do. However, notice that if we had an 𝑥 2 in the integral along with the root we could very easily do the
integral with a substitution. Also notice that we do have a lot of 𝑥’𝑠 floating around in the original integral. So
instead of putting all the 𝑥’𝑠 (outside of the root) in the 𝑢, let’s split them up as follows.
3
2
𝑢 = 𝑥 3 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 2 √𝑥 3 + 1𝑑𝑥. So that, 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑣 = (𝑥 3 + 1)2
9
Plugging in to the formula ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
3
2𝑥 3 3 3 2 2
= (𝑥 + 1)2 − ∫ (𝑥 3 + 1) 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
9 9
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
2𝑥 3 3 3 4
= (𝑥 + 1)2 − (𝑥 3 + 1)5/2 |12
9 45
2(2)3 3 3 4 2(1)3 3 4
= (2 + 1)2 − (23 + 1)5/2 − [ (1 + 1)3/2 − (11 + 1)5/2 ]
9 45 9 45
1188 2
= − (2)3/2
45 45
132 4√2
= −
5 45
= 𝟐𝟔. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟑
EXAMPLE PROBLEM #2
∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Assigning u=arctanx , dv=dx , so v=x,
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 =
1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥
1 + 𝑥2
Now, let u=1+x2 so du=2xdx
𝑑𝑢/2
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − ∫
𝑢
𝑑𝑢
2
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢/2
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − ∫
𝑢
1
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
2
𝟏
= 𝒙 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒍𝒏|𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 | + 𝑪
𝟐
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
Example 3. Find ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥6 𝑥 6 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ( )−∫
6 6 𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥6
𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑥
and 𝑣 = 6
𝑥 6 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 1
= − ∫ 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥
6 6
𝑥 6 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 1 𝑥6
= 6
−6∙6
+𝐶
𝑥 6 𝑙𝑛 𝑥 𝑥 6
= − +𝐶
6 36
𝒙𝟔 𝟏
= (𝒍𝒏 𝒙 − ) + 𝑪
𝟔 𝟔
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
It is possible that a particular integral may require repeated applications of integration by parts. This is illustrated
in the following examples.
EXAMPLE PROBLEM #3
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Assign 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 then 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and let 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 , so that 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥
Using the Integration by Parts formula,
We use integration by parts a second time to evaluate
Assign 𝑢 = 𝑥 then 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥; and let 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 then 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥
Substituting into equation 1, we get
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
Example 2. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 let 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥,
so 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥
Using the formula ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢.
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − ∫ −𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
So, it looks like we’ll do integration by parts again. Here are our choices this time
let 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 So, ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 +
[𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
Notice that we now have the same integral on both sides and on the right side it’s got a minus sign in front of it.
This means that we can add the integral to both sides to get,
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 Finally, dividing both sides by 2 and simplifying we
obtain,
𝟏 𝒙
∫ 𝒆𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆 [𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙] + 𝑪
𝟐
1) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
Evaluate the following integrals using IBP:
𝜋 𝜋/4
a) ∫ 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1)7 𝑑𝑥 b) ∫𝜋/2 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 c) ∫0 𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
2) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
Please review the questions in the What I Know Chart from Activity 1 and write your answers to the
questions based on what you already know in the third column of the chart.
Activity 6: Thinking about Learning
List five important things you’ve learned from integration by parts technique (IBP).
FAQs
1. When are you going to use integration by parts (IBP)?
IBP is frequently used when the basic integration rules won’t work or when the function to be evaluated is the
product of two simpler functions.
2. How are we going to derive the integration by parts formula? From the differential of a product
𝑑(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢𝑑𝑣 + 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑(𝑢𝑣) − 𝑣𝑑𝑢,
then integrating
udv = d (uv ) − vdu,
gives us the IBP technique
∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢.
3. What are the steps involved when using integration by parts?
Steps involved when using integration by parts:
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MAT 121a: CALCULUS 2
Lesson #8
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________
1. Choose 𝑢 and 𝑑𝑣 correctly (use the acronym ILATE as guide)
2. Obtain the differential of𝑢, that is,𝑑𝑢, and the integral of 𝑑𝑣, that is, 𝑣.
3. Plug𝑢,𝑣, 𝑑𝑢, 𝑑𝑣 into the integration according to the parts formula ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 =
𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 and simplify.
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