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Class XII Unit 9

Unit 9 covers key psychological concepts related to sports, including personality types, motivation, exercise adherence, aggression, and psychological attributes. It discusses various personality theories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, reasons and benefits for exercise adherence, types of aggression in sports, and important psychological attributes like self-esteem and goal setting. The document emphasizes the importance of these factors in enhancing sports performance and overall well-being.

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43 views4 pages

Class XII Unit 9

Unit 9 covers key psychological concepts related to sports, including personality types, motivation, exercise adherence, aggression, and psychological attributes. It discusses various personality theories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, reasons and benefits for exercise adherence, types of aggression in sports, and important psychological attributes like self-esteem and goal setting. The document emphasizes the importance of these factors in enhancing sports performance and overall well-being.

Uploaded by

vardhika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 9 – Psychology and Sports

1. Personality

Definition:

Personality is the sum total of characteristics, traits, and behavior patterns that make a
person unique. It includes thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and habits.

Types of Personality (Theories)

1. Sheldon’s Theory (Somatotypes):

Endomorph → Soft, round, sociable, relaxed.

Mesomorph → Muscular, strong, active, aggressive, courageous.

Ectomorph → Thin, introvert, thoughtful, self-conscious.

2. Carl Jung’s Theory:

Introvert → Shy, reserved, prefer solitude, self-focused.

Extrovert → Outgoing, social, action-oriented, talkative.

Ambivert → Balanced mix of introvert and extrovert qualities.

3. Big Five Personality Theory (OCEAN):

O – Openness → Imaginative, curious.

C – Conscientiousness → Organized, responsible.

E – Extraversion → Energetic, social.


A – Agreeableness → Cooperative, kind.

N – Neuroticism → Emotional stability vs. anxiety.

2. Motivation

Definition: An internal force that initiates, directs, and sustains human behavior toward
achieving goals.

Types of Motivation:

1. Intrinsic Motivation → Comes from within (self-desire, enjoyment, personal


satisfaction).

2. Extrinsic Motivation → Comes from outside (rewards, medals, money, recognition).

Techniques of Motivation:

Goal setting.

Rewards and incentives.

Praise and encouragement.

Competition and challenge.

Positive reinforcement.

Feedback and guidance.

3. Exercise Adherence

Definition: The ability to stick to a regular exercise schedule.

Reasons:

Fitness and health improvement.


Weight management.

Stress relief.

Social interaction.

Achievement and self-confidence.

Benefits:

Better physical health (strength, stamina).

Improved mental health (reduced stress, anxiety).

Long-term lifestyle changes.

Positive habits and discipline.

Strategies for Enhancing Adherence:

Set realistic goals.

Keep a record (log book).

Choose enjoyable activities.

Exercise with friends/groups.

Self-monitoring and motivation.

Professional guidance.

4. Aggression in Sports

Meaning: Aggression is an intentional behavior aimed at dominating or harming another


person in sports.

Concept:

Aggression can be both positive (assertive play, high energy) and negative (violence, rule
breaking).

Types of Aggression:

1. Hostile Aggression → Intent to harm opponent.


2. Instrumental Aggression → Used as a means to achieve a goal (e.g., hard tackle in
football).

3. Assertive Behavior → Legitimate force within rules, not meant to harm.

5. Psychological Attributes in Sports

1. Self-Esteem → Confidence in one’s own worth and ability. High self-esteem improves
performance.

2. Mental Imagery (Visualization) → Creating images in the mind of successful


performance before actual play.

3. Self-Talk → Positive internal dialogue to boost confidence and reduce anxiety.

4. Goal Setting → Setting short-term and long-term realistic goals to improve focus,
motivation, and performance.

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