Decimals and operations
1. Definition of Decimals
• A decimal is another way to write fractions and whole numbers using powers of 10.
• Example:
o 0.5 = 5/10
o 2.35 = 2 + 35/100
2. Types of Decimals
1. Terminating decimals – decimals that end after some digits.
o Example: 0.25, 3.4
2. Non-terminating recurring decimals – decimals with a repeating pattern.
o Example: 0.333...=0.3̅, 1.2727...=1.27
̅̅̅̅
Place Value in Decimals
• Digits to the right of the decimal point have place values:
o Tenths (1/10)
o Hundredths (1/100)
o Thousandths (1/1000)
• Example: 4.326= 4 + 3/10 + 2/100 + 6/1000.
4. Operations with Decimals
(a) Addition & Subtraction
• Line up decimal points vertically.
• Add/subtract like whole numbers, then place the decimal in the answer.
• Example: 12.34 + 7.6 = 19.94
(b) Multiplication
• Ignore the decimal point → multiply normally.
• Count total decimal places in both numbers → put decimal in answer.
• Example: 2.3 × 1.5 = 3.45 (since 23 × 15 = 345 and two decimal places).
(c) Division
• Move the decimal in divisor to make it a whole number → move the dividend’s decimal the
same places.
• Divide as usual.
• Example: 4.8 ÷ 0.6 = 48 ÷ 6 = 8
Decimals with Fractions
• Convert fractions ↔ decimals when needed:
o ½ = 0.5
o 3/8 = 0.375
QUESTIONS:
1. Write 9/1000 as a decimal.
2. Arrange in descending order: 2.3, 2.03, 2.300, 2.033.
3. Write 0.6 as a percentage.
4. Change 7/10 into a decimal.
5. Convert 0.125 into a fraction.
6. Write 0.875 as a fraction in simplest form.
7. Change 45% into a decimal.
8. Express 11/20 as a decimal.
9. Add: 3.45 + 2.6
10. Add: 5.005 + 3.25
11. Add: 15.6 + 7.45 + 3.009
12. Subtract: 12.34 – 5.678
13. Subtract: 0.75 – 0.25
14. Subtract: 7.000 – 6.999
15. Multiply: 0.75 × 0.8
16. Multiply: 12.5 × 0.2
17. Multiply: 7.25 × 0.01
18. Divide: 4.8 ÷ 0.4
19. Divide: 12.5 ÷ 0.25
20. Divide: 0.36 ÷ 0.12
21. The rope is 12.5 m long. If it is cut into 5 equal parts, what is the length of each part?
22. A book costs 245.75 PKR. If Ali buys 3 books, how much does he pay?
23. A bottle contains 1.5 L of juice. How much juice is there in 8 bottles?
24. The cloth is 23.5 m long. If 7.8 m is used, how much is left?
25. A car travels 12.6 km in 1 liter of petrol. How far will it travel in 15 liters?
26. Zara bought 2.5 kg of apples at 180 PKR per kg. How much did she pay?
27. A man runs 9.6 km every day. How far does he run in 30 days?
28. Solve: 2.5 + 1.75 – 0.8
29. Solve: (3.2 × 1.5) + 0.4
30. Simplify: (5.6 ÷ 0.7) – 2.3
31. Round 0.478 to the nearest tenth.
32. Round 12.345 to the nearest hundredth.
33. Round 987.65 to the nearest whole number.
34. Round 23.6789 to 2 decimal places.
35. Round 0.0345 to the nearest thousandth.
36. Express 0.3̅ as a fraction in simplest form.
̅̅̅̅ as a fraction.
37. Express 0.72
38. Convert 0.16̅06̅ into a fraction.
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ into a fraction.
39. Convert 0.14285
