Yeshwa nt Rural Education Society's

BAPURAO DESHMUKH COOLEGE OF ENGINEERING SEVAGRAM, WARDHA

VISION
GlobalJy Accepted Prof essionals Satisfying Technical and Social Needs.
MISSION
Netwo rking and Co-opera tion with Global organ izations by creating suitable environment in campus.

N a me – A de s h wa w re
Rol l n um ber – 1 9
Secti on – B
S u b j e ct – O b j e c t o r i e n t e d p r o g r a m m i n g

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Title :
Graphics Programming

Graphics programming is the process of creating and manipulating

visual content on a computer screen.

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What is Graphics Programming?
Graphics programming is the art of creating pictures, shapes, and
and visual elements using code. It combines mathematical concepts
concepts with programming logic to render everything from simple 2D
simple 2D shapes to complex 3D scenes.

When paired with Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), graphics code

graphics code becomes organized, reusable, and maintainable -
maintainable - making it easier to build sophisticated visual
applications.

Graphics programming powers the games you play, the apps you use, and the design tools that create the digital world around us.
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Core OOP Principles in Graphics

Encapsulation Inheritance
Bundle data and methods together in classes. A Shape class Create specialized shapes from a base Shape class. Circle and
contains both properties (color, size) and methods (draw, move). and Rectangle inherit common properties while adding their
their unique features.

Polymorphism Composition
Use the same method name across different shapes. All shapes Build complex objects from simpler ones. A Scene object contains
have a draw() method, but each implements it differently. contains multiple Shape objects, creating rich visual
compositions.

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Building Blocks: Shapes and Properties
Basic Shape Types
• Point - single coordinate position
• Line - connecting two points
• Circle - defined by center and radius
• Rectangle - width, height, and position
• Polygon - multiple connected vertices

Essential Properties

Color
RGB values, transparency, and stroke colors that define visual
define visual appearance

Size
Dimensions like width, height, radius that control shape scale

Fill
Solid colors, gradients, or patterns that fill shape interiors

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Transformations: Moving and Changing Shapes

Translation Rotation Scaling

Move shapes to new positions using x,y Spin shapes around a pivot point using angle Resize shapes uniformly or non-uniformly. Perfect
coordinates. Essential for animation and angle measurements. Creates dynamic visual Perfect for zoom effects and responsive design.
positioning elements. visual effects. design.

OOP design uses a Transform class to handle these operations cleanly, making transformations reusable across all shape types.

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Essential Drawing Algorithms
Smart computer steps, called algorithms, draw every line and shape you see on screen quickly and accurately.

01 02

Bresenham Line Algorithm Midpoint Circle Algorithm

Draws perfect straight lines, pixel by pixel. It uses Draws smooth circles. It figures out exactly which
simple math to do this very quickly. dots (pixels) to light up, so every circle looks just
right.

03

Scanline Fill Algorithm

Fills any closed shape with color. It works like a printer, filling in lines of pixels one by one.

These steps are built into shape classes. This hides the complex math, making it easy to draw shapes with simple commands.

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 Real-World Applications

• Game Development Film & Animation

2D sprite engines and 3D game worlds rely on graphics Hollywood uses graphics programming for CGI, particle
graphics programming for rendering characters, particle effects, and animated movies, creating photorealistic
environments, and special effects in real-time. photorealistic digital environments.

Mobile Apps & UI Data Visualization

User interfaces, custom animations, and interactive Interactive charts, dashboards, and infographics transform
elements in mobile apps are built using graphics transform complex data into understandable visual stories.
programming techniques. stories.

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Professional Applications
Creative Industries Scientific Fields
• Digital art and drawing • Flight simulation systems
applications • Medical imaging and modeling
• CAD software for engineering modeling
design • Weather prediction visualizations
• Animation studios and motion visualizations
motion graphics • Scientific data representation
• Architectural visualization tools

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Common Challenges and Solutions

Performance Issues Memory Management Coordinate Precision

Graphics operations can be slow with Visual objects consume significant Floating-point errors can cause visual
large datasets. Solution: Use object memory. Solution: Implement caching artifacts. Solution: Use consistent
pooling, efficient data structures, and strategies and dispose of unused coordinate systems and proper
GPU acceleration when possible. graphics resources properly. rounding techniques.

OOP design patterns like object pooling and the flyweight pattern help manage these challenges effectively in graphics applications.

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Conclusion
Structure & Clarity Reusable Code
OOP makes graphics programming Shape classes and transformation
organized and maintainable methods can be reused across
through encapsulation and different projects and applications.
inheritance.

Endless Possibilities
From games to data visualization, graphics programming opens doors to
creative and technical careers.

Start building your visual programming skills today - the digital world needs your
creativity!

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