Chapter 2 – Polynomials

Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

Points to Remember:
 Polynomials: An algebraic expression in which variable have only whole numbers as a power is called
a Polynomial.
 Degree of a polynomial in one variable: In case of a polynomial in one variable the highest power of
the variable is called the degree of the polynomial.
 A polynomial of degree n has n roots.
 A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. For e.g. 7x + 3 is a linear polynomial in x.
 A polynomial of degree 2 is called a Quadratic Polynomial. For e.g. 3y2 – 7y + 11 is a
Quadratic polynomial in y.
 A polynomial of degree 3 is called a Cubic Polynomial. For e.g. 3t3 – 7t2 + t – 3 is a cubic polynomial in
t.
 According to number of terms, a polynomial having one non-zero term is a monomial, a polynomial
having two non-zero terms is a bionomial and a polynomial have three non-zero terms is a trinomial.
 Constant polynomial: A polynomial containing one term only, consisting a constant term is called a
constant polynomial. The degree of non-zero constant polynomial is zero.
 Zero polynomial: A polynomial consisting of one term, namely zero only is called a zero polynomial.
The degree of zero polynomial is not defined.
 Zeroes of a polynomial: Let 𝑝(𝑥) be a polynomial. If 𝑝(𝑎)=0, then we say that "a" is a zero of the
polynomial p(x).
 Remainder theorem: Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a polynomial of degree 𝑛⩾1 and let a be any real number. When
f(x) is divided by (𝑥−𝑎) then the remainder is f (a)
 Factor theorem: Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree n > 1 and let a be any real number.
 If f(a) = 0 then, (x – a) is factor of f(x)
 If f(x – a) is factor of f(x) then f(a) = 0
 Factor: A polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) is called factor of 𝑞(𝑥) divides 𝑞(𝑥) exactly.
 Algebraic Identities
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Degree of a zero polynomial is

a) 0 b) 1 c) Any natural number d) Not defined
Ans: d) Not defined

2. What is the degree of the polynomial 3 – 2y2 – 8y8 + 5y3

a) 3 b) -8 c) 8 d) 2
Ans: c) 8

3. √3 is a polynomial of degree
a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) ½
Ans: b) 0

4. Given a polynomial p(t) = t4– t3 + t2 + 6 then, p(-1) is

a) 6 b) 9 c) 3 d) -1
Ans: b) 9

5. Zero of the zero polynomial is

a) 0 b) Any real number c) 1 d) Not defined
Ans: d) Not defined

6. Which of the following is a zero of the polynomial x2 -5x + 6

a) 3 b) -3 c) 5 d) 6
Ans: a) 3

7. If p(x) = x2 - 2√2 x + 1, then p(2√2) is equal to

a) 0 b) 1 c) 4√2 d) 8√2 + 1
Ans: b) 1

8. If p(x) = 2x + 9, then p(x) + p(-x) is equal to

a) 6 b) 4x c) 18 d) 4x+9
Ans: c) 18

9. Coefficient of x2 in the polynomial (2x-5)(2x2 - 3x + 1) is

a) -6 b) 2 c) -16 d) -10
Ans: c) -16

10. One of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 4 is

a) 2 b) ½ c) -1/2 d) -2
Ans: b) ½

11. If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + kx, then the value of k

a) -3 b) 4 c) 2 d) -2
Ans: c) 2

12. If p + q + r = 9 then (3-p)3 + (3-q)3+ (3-r)3 is

a) 3(3-p)(3-q)(3-r) b) 0 c) 1 d) -3(3-p)(3-q)(3-r)
Ans: c) 1
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

13. If (x+2) (x-5) = x2 +(a+ b) x +ab then value of (a+b) is

a) 3 b) -3 c) 7 d) -10
Ans: b) -3

ASSERTION AND REASONING

a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) The assertion is true but the reason is false.
d) Both assertion and reason are false.

14. Assertion: degree of non zero constant polynomial is zero

Reason: polynomials having two terms are called binomial.
Ans:(b)

15. Assertion: 2x-1 is the linear polynomial.

Reason: A polynomial of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial.
Ans:(a)

16. Assertion: 5t-√7 it’s degree is 1

Reason: the highest power of the variable is 1 so the degree of polynomial is 1.
Ans:(a)

17. Assertion: a polynomial can have more than one zero.

Reason: every real number is zero of zero polynomial.
Ans:(b)

18. Assertion: x3+x has only one real zero.

Reason: A quadratic polynomial can have at most two zero.
Ans:(b)

19. Assertion: a quadratic polynomial can have at most two zero.

Reason: x2+7x +9 has three zero.
Ans:(c)

20. Assertion: If the product of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2 + 3x + 5k is-10 then the value of
k is-2.
Reason: Sum of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c is–b/a
Ans : (b)

21. Assertion: p(x) = x5 , degree=5

Reason: 4√t+t6 degree is 6
Ans :(c)

21. Assertion: a linear polynomial has one and only one zero always.
Reason: zero of polynomial x2-4x+3 are 1,3
Ans:(b)
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

22. Assertion: a real number α is said to be a zero of the polynomial p(x) if p(α)=0
Reason: The zero polynomial is the additive identity of the additive group of polynomials.
Ans:(b)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

23. p(x) = √𝑥3 + 1 is not a polynomial. Give reason
Ans: power of variable is not an Integer

24. Find the value of polynomial 8x3- 6x2 +2 at x = 1

Ans: 4

25. If p(x) = 6x3 + 5x2– 3x + 2 find p(-1)

Ans: P(-1) = -6 +5 + 3+ 2 = 4

26. Find the zero of the polynomial p(y) = 2y + 7

Ans: y = -7/2

27. Find the remainder when x101– 1 is divided by x-1

Ans: aⁿ - bⁿ is divisible by a - b for all values of n. The remainder will be 0.

28. Find whether xn + yn is divisible by x– y ( y ≠ 0) or not.

Ans: x – a is a factor of the polynomial p(x), if p(a) = 0.

29. Write the integral zeros of the following polynomials

(i) (x– 3) (x– 7 ) (ii) (x + 1) ( 3x + 2 )
Ans: 3 and 7 Ans: -1 and -2/3

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

30. If y = -1 is a zero of the polynomial q (y) = 4y3 + ky2- y-1, then find the value of k
Ans: taking y = -1  p(-1)=0
4(-1)3 + k (-1)2 - (-1) -1 = 0
-4+k+1-1 = 0
k=4
31. Factorise:
a. 4x2 + 12x + 5. b. y2 + 16y + 60.
2
Ans: 4x + 12x + 5 Ans: y2 + 16y + 60
Splitting the middle term Splitting the middle term
⇒ 4x2 + 10x + 2x + 5 ⇒ y2 + 10y + 6y + 60
Taking the common terms out; Taking the common terms out;
⇒ 2x(2x + 5) + 1 (2x + 5) ⇒ y(y + 10) + 6 (y + 10)
⇒ (2x + 1) (2x + 5) ⇒ (y + 6) (y + 10)

c. 5x2 + 14x – 3. d. 4(x+y)2 – 28(x2 – y2) + 49(x-y)2

2
Ans: 5x + 14x – 3 Ans: Given,
Splitting the middle term 4(x+y)2 – 28(x2 – y2) + 49(x-y)2
⇒ 5x2 – x + 15x – 3 Since, by the algebraic formula we know;
Taking the common terms out; x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

⇒ x(5x – 1) + 3(5x – 1) Therefore,

⇒ (5x – 1) (x + 3) ⇒ 4(x+y)2 – 28(x – y) (x + y) + 49(x-y)2
⇒ [2(x+y) – 7(x-y)]2
⇒ [2x + 2y – 7x – 7y]2
⇒ (9y – 5x)2

e. 25(a+b)2 – (a-b)2 f. 6a2b − 8ab + 10ab2.

Ans: 25(a+b)2 – (a-b)2 Ans: In the given expression, the highest common factor
We can write the above expression as; is 2ab, therefore taking 2ab as common, we get;
[5(a+b)]2 – (a-b)2 6a2b − 8ab + 10ab2. = 2ab(3a − 4 + 5b)
By the algebraic formula, we know that,
a2 – b2 = (a+b) (a-b).
Thus, we can write the expression as:
⇒[5(a+b)-(a-b)] [5(a+b)+(a-b)]
⇒ [5a + 5b – a + b] [5a + 5b + a – b]
⇒ [4a +6b] [6a + 4b]

g. Solve (4x2 – 25y2)/(2x + 5y). h. 2axy2 + 10x + 3ay2 + 15.

Ans: Given, (4x2 – 25y2)/(2x + 5y) Ans: Factorise 2axy2 + 10x + 3ay2 + 15.
We can write, 4x2 – 25y2 as: Rearranging the terms we have;
⇒ (2x)2 – (5y)2 = (2x + 5y) (2x – 5y) ⇒ (2axy2 + 3ay2) + (10x + 15)
Therefore, Taking the common terms we get;
⇒ [(2x + 5y) (2x – 5y)]/(2x + 5y) ⇒ ay2(2x + 3) +5(2x + 3)
⇒ 2x – 5y Hence, the required factors are:
⇒ (2x + 3) (ay2 + 5)

i. x4 – (x – y)4 j. x² – 1 – 2a – a².
Ans: Given, x4 – (x – y)4 Ans: x² – 1 – 2a – a² = x² – (1 + 2a + a²)
It can be written as: = x² – (1 + a)²
⇒ (x2 )2 – [(x – y)2]2 = [x – (1 – a)][x + 1 + a]
Using algebraic identity, = (x – 1 – a)(x + 1 + a)
a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b) ∴ x² – 1 – 2a – a² = (x – 1 – a)(x + 1 + a)
⇒ [x2 – (x – y)2] [x2 + (x – y)2]
Using (a-b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2, identity we
get;
⇒ [x + (x – y] [x – (x – y)] [x2 + x2 – 2xy +
y2 ]
⇒ (x + x – y) (x – x + y)[2x2 – 2xy + y2]
⇒ (2x – y) y(2x2 – 2xy + y2)
⇒ y(2x – y) (2x2 – 2xy + y2)

32. For what value of m is x3– 2mx2 + 16 divisible by x + 2

Ans:
Given, the polynomial is p(x) = x³ - 2mx² + 16
We have to find the value of m if p(x) is divisible by x + 2.
Let g(x) = x + 2 x + 2 = 0 x = -2
Given, p(x) is divisible by g(x)  p(-2) = 0
p(-2) = x³ - 2mx² + 16 = 0
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

(-2)³ - 2m(-2)² + 16 = 0
-8 - 2m(4) + 16 = 0
-8m + 8 = 0 8m = 8 m = 1
Therefore, m = 1

33. Prove that ( a+ b + c )3– a3–b3–c3 = 3( a+b ) (b + c ) ( c + a )

Ans:
LHS =(a + b + c)³ - a³ - b³ - c³
= [(a + b + c)³ - a³] - (b³ + c³)
Using the algebraic identity,
a³ - b³ = (a - b)(a² + b² + ab)
(a + b + c)³ - a³ = ((a + b + c) - a)((a + b + c)² + a² + (a + b + c)a)
Using the algebraic identity,
(x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2(xy + yz + zx)
= (b + c)(a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca) + a² + a² + ab + ac)
= (b + c)(3a² + b² + c² + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac)
Using the algebraic identity,
a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² + b² - ab)
b³ + c³ = (b + c)(b² + c² - bc)
So, [(a + b + c)³ - a³] - (b³ + c³) = (b + c)(3a² + b² + c² + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac) - [(b + c)(b² + c² - bc)]
= (b + c)[3a² + b² + c² + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac - (b² + c² - bc)]
= (b + c)[3a² + b² + c² + 3ab + 2bc + 3ac - b² - c² + bc]
= (b + c)[3a² + 3ab + 3bc + 3ac]
= (b + c)[3(a² + ab + bc + ac)] = (b + c)[3(a(a + b) + c(b + a)]
= (b + c)[3(a + c)(a + b)] = 3(a + b)(b + c)(a + c)
= RHS Hence proved.

34. If x - 1/x = 3, find the value of x3 - 1/x3

Ans:
To solve this, we will use the algebraic identity of a 3 - b3 .
Let's find the value of x3 - (1 / x3).
Given x - (1 / x) = 3
By using the algebraic identity (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3 ab (a - b) on LHS, we get
x3 - (1 / x3) - 3x × 1/x [ x - (1 / x)] = (3)3
x3 - (1 / x3) - 3(3) = 27
x3 - (1 / x3) = 27 + 9
x3 - (1 / x3) = 36.
Thus, the value of x3 - (1 / x3) is 36.

35. The polynomials x3 + 2x2 -5ax-7 and x3 + ax2–12x +6 when divided by x + 1 and x– 2 respectively, leave
remainders R1 and R2 respectively. Find the value of a if 2R1 + R2 = 6.
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

Ans:

36. If a + b + c = 9 and ab +bc +ca=26, find a2 + b2 + c2

Ans:
Given, a + b + c = 9
Also, ab = bc + ca = 26
We have to find a² + b² + c²
Using the algebraic identity,
(a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca ---------- (1)
Now, (a + b + c)² = (9)² = 81
Equation (1) can be written as (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
So, 81 = a² + b² + c² + 2(26)
81 = a² + b² + c² + 52
a² + b² + c² = 81 - 52
a² + b² + c² = 29
Therefore, a² + b² + c² = 29

37. If a+ b + c = 0, prove that :

Ans:
Given, a, b and c are all non-zero
Also, a + b + c = 0
We have to prove that a²/bc + b²/ca + c²/ab = 3.
Using the algebraic identity,
x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x² +y² + z² - xy - yz - zx)
If x + y + z = 0, then x³ + y³ + z³ - 3xyz = 0
So, x³ + y³ + z³ = 3xyz.
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

Given, a + b + c = 0 So, a³ + b³ + c³ = 3abc

Dividing both sides by 3abc,
a³/3abc + b³/3abc + c³/3abc = 3abc/3abc
a²/3bc + b²/3ca + c²/3ab = 1
a²/bc + b²/ca + c²/ab = 3
Hence proved.

38. Find the zeroes of (x- 2)2– (x+2)2

Ans:
Using algebraic identity, a2 – b2 = (a – b) (a + b)
{(x-2)+(x+2)}{(x-2)-(x+2)} =0
(x-2+x+2)(x-2-x-2) =0
(2x)(-4)=0 -8x=0 x=0

39. Evaluate the following using suitable identities:

(i) (99)3 (ii) (102)3 (iii) (998)3
Ans: (x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y)
(x - y)3 = x3 - y3 - 3xy(x - y)

(i) (99)3 = (100 - 1)3

Identity: Here we can use (x - y)3 = x3 - y3 - 3xy(x - y)
Let us substitute x = 100, y = 1
(99)3 = (100)3 - (1)3 - 3(100)(1)(100 - 1)
= 1000000 - 1 - 300 × 99 = 999999 – 29700 = 970299

(ii) (102)3 = (100 + 2)3

Identity: (x + y)3 = x3 + y3 + 3xy(x + y)
Let us substitute x = 100, y = 2
(102) = (100)3 + (2)3 + 3(100)(2)(100 + 2)
3

= 1000000 + 8 + 600 × 102

= 1000008 + 61200
= 1061208

(iii) (998)3 = (1000 - 2)3

Identity: (x - y)3 = x3 - y3 - 3xy(x - y)
Let us substitute x = 1000, y = 2
(998)3 = (1000)3 - (2)3 - 3(1000) (2) (1000 - 2)
= 1000000000 - 8 - 6000 × 998
= 999999992 - 5988000
= 994011992

LONG ANSWER TYPE

40. Expanding each of the following, using all the suitable identities:
(i) (x+2y+4z)²
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

(ii) (2x−y+z)²
(iii) (−2x+3y+2z)²
(iv) (3a –7b–c)²
(v) (–2x+5y–3z)²
Ans:
(i) (x+2y+4z)²
Using identity, (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ac
Here, a = x ; b = 2y ; c = 4z
(x+2y+4z)² = x²+(2y)²+(4z)²+(2×x×2y)+(2×2y×4z)+(2×4z×x)
= x²+4y²+16z²+4xy+16yz+8xz

(ii) (2x−y+z)²
Using identity, (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ac
Here, a = 2x ; b = −y ; c=z
(2x−y+z)² = (2x)²+(−y)²+z²+(2×2x×−y)+(2×−y×z)+(2×z×2x)
= 4x²+y²+z²–4xy–2yz+4xz

(iii) (−2x+3y+2z)²
Using identity, (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ac
Here, a = −2x; b = 3y; c = 2z
(−2x+3y+2z)² = (−2x)²+(3y)²+(2z)²+(2×−2x×3y)+(2×3y×2z)+(2×2z×−2x)
= 4x²+9y²+4z²–12xy+12yz–8xz

(iv) (3a –7b–c)²

Using identity, (a+b+c)² = a²+b²+c²+2ab+2bc+2ac
Here, a = 3a; b = – 7b; c = – c
(3a –7b– c)² = (3a)²+(– 7b)²+(– c)²+(2×3a ×– 7b)+(2×– 7b ×– c)+(2×– c ×3a)
= 9a² + 49b² + c²– 42ab+14bc–6ca

(v) (–2x+5y–3z)²
Using identity, (x+y+z)² = x²+y²+z²+2xy+2yz+2zx
Here, x = –2x
y = 5y
z = – 3z
(–2x+5y–3z)² = (–2x)² + (5y)² + (–3z)² + (2 × –2x × 5y) + (2 × 5y× – 3z)+(2×–3z ×–2x)
= 4x²+25y² +9z²– 20xy–30yz+12zx

41. If the polynomials az³ + 4z² + 3z – 4 and z³ – 4z + leave the same remainder when divided by z – 3,
find the value of a.
Ans:
g1(z) = 0 z-3 = 0 z = 3
Hence, zero of g(z) = 3
Let p(z) = az³+4z²+3z-4
Now, substituting the given value of z = 3 in p(z), we get,
p(3) = a (3)³ + 4 (3)² + 3 (3) – 4
⇒p(3) = 27a+36+9-4 ⇒p(3) = 27a+41
Let h(z) = z³-4z+a
Now, by substituting the value of z = 3 in h(z), we get,
h(3) = (3)³-4(3)+a ⇒h(3) = 27-12+a ⇒h(3) = 15+a
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

As per the question,

The two polynomials, p(z) and h(z), leave the same remainder when divided by z-3
So, h(3)=p(3)
⇒15+a = 27a+41
⇒15-41 = 27a – a ⇒-26 = 26a a=-1

42. Find the value of x³+ y ³ + z ³ – 3xyz if x² + y² + z² = 83 and x + y + z = 1

Ans:
From algebraic identities, we know that (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca)
So, (x + y + z)² = x² + y² + z² + 2(xy + yz + xz)
From the question, x² + y² + z²= 83 and x + y + z = 15
152 = 83 + 2(xy + yz + xz)
=> 225 – 83 = 2(xy + yz + xz)
 xy + yz + xz = 142/2 = 71
Using algebraic identity a³ + b³ + c³ – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a² + b² + c² – ab – bc – ca),
x ³ + y ³ + z ³ – 3xyz = (x + y + z)(x² + y² + z² – (xy + yz + xz))
Now,
x + y + z = 15, x² + y² + z² = 83 and xy + yz + xz = 71
So, x ³ + y ³ + z ³ – 3xyz = 15(83 – 71)
=> x ³ + y ³ + z ³ – 3xyz = 15 × 12
Or, x ³ + y ³ + z ³ – 3xyz = 180

43. Prove that:

x³+y³+z³–3xyz = (1/2) (x+y+z)[(x–y)²+(y–z)²+(z–x)²]
Ans:
x³+y³+z³−3xyz = (x+y+z)(x²+y²+z²–xy–yz–xz)
⇒ x³+y³+z³–3xyz = (1/2)(x+y+z)[2(x²+y²+z²–xy–yz–xz)]
= (1/2)(x+y+z)(2×2+2y²+²–2xy–2yz–2xz)
= (1/2)(x+y+z)[(x²+y²−2xy)+(y²+z²–2yz)+(x²+z²–2xz)]
= (1/2)(x+y+z)[(x–y)²+(y–z)²+(z–x)²]

44. Factorise p(x) = x4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6 by factor theorem

Ans:
p(x) =x4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6. In the above equation, the constant term is 6
and the coefficient of x4 is 1. Factor of constant term 6 are ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6.
Case 1: Substitute x = 1 and check if it satisfies equation x4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6
p(1) = 14 + 13 – 7(1)2 – 1 + 6
=1+1–7–1+6=0
x=1 gives answer 0 (x – 1) is a factor of the equation p(x).

Case 2: Substitute x = -1 and check if it satisfies our equation, x 4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6

p(-1) = (-1)4 + (-1)3 – 7(-1)2 – (-1) + 6
=1–1–7+1+6=0
x=-1 gives answer 0 (x + 1) is a factor of the equation p(x).

Case 3: Substitute x = 2 and check if it satisfies our equation, x4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6

p(2) = 24 + 23 – 7(2)2 – 2 + 6
= 16 + 8 – 28 – 2 + 6 = 0
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

x = 2 gives answer 0 (x – 2) is a factor of the equation p(x).

Case 4: Substitute x = -2 and check if it satisfies our equation, x 4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6

p(-2) = (-2)4 + (-2)3 – 7(-2)2 – (-2) + 6
= 16 – 8 – 28 + 2 + 6 = -12 ≠ 0
x = -2 does not give answer 0 (x + 2) is not a factor of the equation p(x).

Case 5: Substitute x = -3 and check if it satisfies our equation, x4 + x3 – 7×2 – x + 6

p(-3) = (-3)4 + (-3)3 – 7(-3)2 – (-3) + 6 = 81 – 27 – 63 + 3 + 6 = 0
x = -3 gives answer 0 (x + 3) is a factor of the equation p(x).

So, the factors of x4 + x3– 7x2–x + 6 are (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 2) (x + 3)

45. Verify that:

(i) x³+y³ = (x+y)(x²–xy+y²)
(ii) x³–y³ = (x–y)(x²+xy+y²)
Ans:
(i) x³+y³ = (x+y)(x²–xy+y²)
Using identity (x+y)³= x³+y³+3xy(x+y)
⇒ x³+y³ = (x+y)³–3xy(x+y)
⇒ x³+y³ = (x+y)[(x+y)²–3xy]
Taking (x+y) common ⇒ x³+y³ = (x+y)[(x²+y²+2xy)–3xy]
⇒ x³+y³ = (x+y)(x²+y²–xy)
(ii) x³–y³ = (x–y)(x²+xy+y²)
We know that (x–y)³ = x³–y³–3xy(x–y)
⇒ x³−y³ = (x–y)³+3xy(x–y)
⇒ x³−y³ = (x–y)[(x–y)²+3xy]
Taking (x+y) common ⇒ x³−y³ = (x–y)[(x²+y²–2xy)+3xy]
⇒ x³+y³ = (x–y)(x²+y²+xy)

46. When a polynomial p(x) = x4– 2x3 + 3x2– ax + b is divisible by x– 1 and x + 1, the remainders are 5 and
19 respectively. Find the remainder when p(x) is divided by x– 2.
Ans::
p(x) = x4– 2x3 + 3x2– ax + b is divisible by x– 1 and the remainders is 5
P(1) = 5 ; substituting x=1 in the given polynomial
14– 2(1)3 + 3(1)2– a(1) + b = 5
2-a+b=5 b-a=5…………..(i)
p(x) = x – 2x + 3x2– ax + b is divisible by x + 1 and the remainders is 19
4 3

P(-1) = 19 ; substituting x=-1 in the given polynomial

-14– 2(-1)3 + 3(-1)2– a(-1) + b = 19 6 + a + b =19
B + a = 13………...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get b = 8 , a = 5 Hence, remainder = P(2) = 10

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

47. One day, the principal of a particular school visited the classroom. Class teacher was teaching the
concept of polynomials to students. He was very much impressed by her way of teaching. To check
 Chapter 2 – Polynomials
Grade: IX Subject: Mathematics

whether the students also understand the concept taught by her or not, he asked various questions
to students. Some of them are given below to answer them.
i. The polynomial of the type ax2+ bx + c, a = 0 is called
Ans- Quadratic polynomial
ii. The value of k, if (x– 1) is a factor of 4x3 + 3x2– 4x + k.
Ans- 3
iii. If x + 2 is the factor of x3– 2ax2 + 16, then find the value of a.
Ans- -1

48. Games and sports are very necessary for life. These are the best exercises for the body. Games and
sports make it active, fresh and social. They teach us lessons of coordination, duty and discipline. A
healthy mind develops in a healthy body. On the basis of an online survey on a group of people some
results are given. People who love play to cricket are five times the square of total number of people,
the people who love to play badminton are three times the total number of people and the
remaining hundred entries ticked on indoor games Now on the basis of above information answer
the following
i. find the expression formed from the given information
Ans: 5x2+3x+100
ii. What is the degree of the expression formed?
Ans: 2
iii. find the value of the polynomial at x=0
Ans: 100