149 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

(d) A frame of reference in which Newton’s first law is opposite to the force by B on A (i.e., reaction
valid is called inertial frame, i.e., if a frame of
  
represented FBA ). Thus, FAB  – FBA .
reference is at rest or in uniform motion it is called
inertial, otherwise non-inertial. (b) The two forces involved in any interaction between
two bodies are called action and reaction. But we
3.2 Second Law of Motion cannot say that a particular force is action and the
other one is reaction.
(a) This law gives the magnitude of force.
(c) Action and Reaction force always acts on different
(b) According to second law of motion, rate of change of bodies.
momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
resultant force acting on the body, i.e.,
  dp  3.4 Some Important Points Concerning
F 
 dt  Newton’s Laws of Motion
 
dp (a) The forces of interaction between bodies composing
F=K
dt a system are called internal forces. The forces
Here, the change in momentum takes place in the exerted on bodies of a given system by bodies
direction of the applied resultant force. Momentum, situated outside are called external forces.
 
p = mv is a measure of sum of the motion contained (b) Whenever one force acts on a body it gives rise to
in the body. another force called reaction i.e., a single isolated
force is physically impossible. This is why total
(c) Unit force: It is defined as the force which changes internal force in an isolated system is always zero.
the momentum of a body by unity in unit time. 
 dp 
According to this, K=1 (c) According to Newton’s second law, F =  .
 dp d 

dv  dm  dt 
F = =  mv  = m + v .  
dt dt dt dt   dp  dv 
If F =0,   =0 or    0
If the mass of the system is finite and remains  dt   dt 
constant w.r.t. time, then (dm/dt) = 0 and 

    or v = constant or zero,
 dv    p -p 
F= m   = ma=  2 1  i.e., a body remains at rest or moves with uniform
 dt   t  velocity unless acted upon by an external force. This
(d) External force acting on a body may accelerate it is Newton’s Ist law.
either by changing the magnitude of velocity or (d) Newton’s second law can also be expressed as:
direction of velocity or both.
(i) If the force is parallel to the motion, it changes Ft  p2  p1 . Hence, if a car and a truck are initially
only the magnitude of velocity but not the direction. moving with the same momentum, then by the
So, the path followed by the body is a straight line. application of same breaking force, both will come to
rest in the same time.
(ii) If the force is acting perpendicular to the motion
of body, it changes only the direction but not the (e) The second law is a vector law. it is equivalent to
magnitude of velocity. So, the path followed by the three equations : Fx = max ; Fy = may ; Fz = maz. A
body is a circle (uniform circular motion). force can only change the component of velocity in
its direction. It has no effect on the component
(iii) If the force acts at an angle to the motion of a
perpendicular to it.
body, it changes both the magnitude and direction of
  
v . In this case path followed by the body may be (f) F  ma is a local relation. The force at a point on
elliptical, non-uniform circular, parabolic or space at any instant is related to the acceleration at
hyperbolic. that instant. Example: An object on an accelerated
balloon will have acceleration of balloon. The
moment it is dropped, it will have acceleration due to
3.3 Third Law of Motion gravity.
(a) According to this law, for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction. When two bodies A and
B exert force on each other, the force by A on B (i.e.,

action represented by FAB ), is always equal and

Laws of Motion and Friction

157 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

NCERT CORNER
(Some important points to remember)
between action and reaction. Any of the two mutual
1. Aristotle’s view that a force is necessary to keep a
forces can be called action and the other reaction.
body in uniform motion is wrong. A force is
Action and reaction act on different bodies and so
necessary in practice to counter the opposing force of
they cannot be cancelled out. The internal action and
friction.
reaction forces between different parts of a body do,
2. Newton’s first law of motion: “Everybody continues
however, sum to zero.
to be in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a
7. Law of Conservation of Momentum The total
straight line, unless compelled by some external
momentum of an isolated system of particles is
force to act otherwise”. In simple terms, the First
conserved. The law follows from the second and
Law is “If external force on a body is zero, its
third law of motion.
acceleration is zero”.
8. Frictional force opposes (impending or actual)
3. Momentum (p) of a body is the product of its mass
relative motion between two surfaces in contact. It is
(m) and velocity (v): p = mv
the component of the contact force along the
4. Newton’s second law of motion: The rate of change
common tangent to the surface in contact. Static
of momentum of a body is proportional to the
friction fs opposes impending relative motion; kinetic
applied force and takes place in the direction in
friction fk opposes actual relative motion. They are
which the force acts. Thus
independent of the area of contact and satisfy the
dp
Fk  kma following approximate laws:
dt
fS   fs max  S R
where F is the net external force on the body and a its
acceleration. We set the constant of proportionality k fk  k R
= 1 in SI units. Then µs(co-efficient of static friction) and µk (co-efficient
dp of kinetic friction) are constants characteristic of the
F  ma pair of surfaces in contact. It is found experimentally
dt
that µk is less than µs.
The SI unit of force is newton : 1 N = 1 kg m s-2 .
(a) The second law is consistent with the First Law
(F = 0 implies a = 0)
(b) It is a vector equation
(c) It is applicable to a particle, and to a body or a
system of particles, provided F is the total external
force on the system and a is the acceleration of the
system.
5. Impulse is the product of force and time which
equals change in momentum. The notion of impulse
is useful when a large force acts for a short time to
produce a measurable change in momentum. Since
the time of action of the force is very short, one can
assume that there is no appreciable change in the
position of the body during the action of the
impulsive force.
6. Newton’s third law of motion: To every action, there
is always an equal and opposite reaction In simple
terms, the law can be stated thus: Forces in nature
always occur between pairs of bodies. Force on a
body A by body B is equal and opposite to the force
on the body B by A. Action and reaction forces are
simultaneous forces. There is no cause-effect relation

Laws of Motion and Friction

LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION 158

Solved Example (c) 260 ms2

(d) 33ms 2
Example 1
 Sol. (b)
A force F  6i  8j  10k N produces acceleration of
      
2 F1  F2  F3  F4  F5  2 4i   i 
2 ms in a body. Calculate the mass of the body.
   
and F2  F3  F4  F5  2 7j    ii 
(a) 10 kg

(b) 8 kg From (i) and (ii), F1  8i  14j
(c) 12 kg 
 F1
a1   4i  7j
(d) 9 kg m
Sol. (a)  a1  16  49  65m/s2

  F 6i  8j  10k Example 4
F  ma or m   
a 2 A bullet of mass 40 g moving with a speed of 90 ms-1
enters heavy wooden block and is stopped after a
2
62   8   102 distance of 60 cm. The average resistive force exerted
  10 kg
2 by the block on the bullet is

(a) 180 N

(b) 220 N
Example 2

A cork of mass 10 g is floating on water. The net force (c) 270 N

acting on the cork is (d) 320 N
(a) 10 N Sol. (c)
-3
(b) 10 N Here,
-2
(c) 10 N
u  90 ms 1 , v  0
(d) zero 40
m  40g  kg  0.04kg
1000
Sol. (d)
s  60cm  0.6 m
When the cork is floating, its weight is balanced by the Using v 2  u 2  2as
upthrust. Therefore, net force on the cork is zero. 2 2
  0    90   2a  0.6
2
Example 3  90 
 a  6750 ms 2
     2  0.6
Five forces F1 , F2 , F3 , F4 and F5 are acting on a particle
-ve sign shows the retardation.
of mass 2.0 kg so that it is moving with 4m/s2 in east

direction. If F1 force is removed, then the acceleration The average resistive force exerted by block on the
bullet is
becomes 7 m/s2 in north, then the acceleration of the

block if only F1 is acting will be f  m  a   0.04 kg   6750 ms 2   270 N

(a) 16 ms 2

(b) 65 ms 2

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159 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

Example 5 (b) 25 m/s2

A cricket ball of mass 250 g collides with a bat with (c) 2.5 m/s2
velocity 10 m/s and returns with the same velocity
within 0.01 second. The force acted on bat is (d) 5 m/s2

(a) 25 N Sol. (c)

(b) 50 N Tension the string = m (g + a) = Breaking force

(c) 250 N  20  g  a   25  g
 a  g / 4  2.5 m / s 2
(d) 500 N

Sol. (d)
Example 8
 dv  0.25  10    10   Two masses of 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are
Force  m   
 dt  0.01 connected by a massless spring as shown in fig. A
 25  20  500 N force of 200 N acts on the 20 kg mass. At The instant
shown the 10 kg mass has acceleration 12 m/s2
towards right. The acceleration of 20 kg mass at this
instant is?
Example 6

A 2 kg box sits on a 3kg box which sits on a 5 kg box.

The 5 kg box rests on a tabletop. What is the normal
force exerted by the 5 kg box on the 3kg box (take g =
(a) 6 m/s2
9.8 ms-2)?
(b) 4 m/s2
(a) 19.6 N
(c) 2.5 m/s2
(b) 29 4 N
(d) 5 m/s2
(c) 49 N
Sol. (b)
(d) 98 N
FS is spring force
Sol. (c) FS = 10  12 = 120 N
For 20 kg block, 200 – 120 = 20a
80
a  4 m/s2
20

N1  2g; 3g  N1  N 2
N 2  5g  5  9.8  49 N

Example 9
Example 7
A uniform sphere of weight W and radius 3 m is being
A monkey of mass 20 kg is holding a vertical rope.
held by a string of length 2 m. attached to a frictionless
The rope will not break when a mass 25 kg is
wall as shown in the figure. The tension in the string
suspended from it but will break if the mass exceeds
will be
25 kg. What is the maximum acceleration with which
the monkey can climb up along the rope (g = 10 m/s2)

(a) 10 m/s2
LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION 160

2m
(b) tan   1 
M

M
(c) tan   1 
2m

m
(d) tan   1 
2M

(a) 5 W/4 Sol. (a)

mg  2T sin 45
(b) 15 W/4
mg  2T
(c) 15 W/16 T1 cos   T cos 45 (i)
(d) None of these T mg
T1 cos   
2 2
Sol. (a)  mg 
 T  
FBD of sphere  2
W = T sin  Further, Mg  T cos 45  T1 sin 
3 mg 1
And cos      53 T1 sin   Mg 
5 2 2
W 5 mg
T  W T1 sin   Mg  (ii)
sin 53 4 2
Mg
Mg 
tan   2  1  2M
mg m
2

Example 11

If the rope of a lift breaks suddenly, the force exerted

by the surface of lift on a man standing inside it is

(a) mg

(b) 2mg

mg
(c)
Example 10 2

Two masses m and M are attached with strings as (d) 0

shown. For the system to be in equilibrium we have
Sol. (d)
If rope breaks the lift starts to free fall.
For man
mg – N = mg
N=0

Example 12

2M Two blocks are connected by a string as shown in the

(a) tan   1 
m diagram. The upper block is hung by another string. A
force F applied on the upper string produces an
acceleration of 2 m/s2 in the upward direction in both

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161 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

the blocks. If T and T’ be the tensions in the two parts 2m1m 2 2 23 12
T g g g
of the string, then m1  m 2 23 5
 m  m1   32  g
a 2 g   g 
 m1  m 2   3 2  5

Example 14

A Three masses of 1 kg, 6 kg and 3 kg are connected

to each other with string and are placed on a table
shown in figure. What is the acceleration with which
the system is moving? (Take g = 10 ms-2 )

(a) T = 72 N and T’ = 48 N

(b) T = 58.8 and T’ = 47.2 N

(c) T = 70.8 N and T’ = 58.8 N

(d) T = 70.8 N and T’ = 0

Sol. (a)
FBD of mass 2kg FBD of mass 4 kg
(a) zero

(b) 1 ms-2

(c) 2 ms-2

(d) 3 ms-2
T – T’ – 20 = 4 …(i)
T’ – 40 = 8 …(ii) Sol. (c)
By solving (i) and (ii) T’ = 48 N and T = 72 N

Example 13

Two masses 2 kg and 3 kg are attached to the end of

the string passed over a pulley fixed at the top. The
tension and acceleration are

7g g
(a) ;
8 8 Here, m1 = 1 kg, m2 = 6 kg and m3 = 3 kg
Let a be the acceleration with which the system is
21g g moving. The equations of motion of three masses
(b) ;
8 8 are.
m1a = T1 – m1g …(i)
21g g
(c) ; m2a = T2 – T1…(ii)
8 5 m3a = m3g – T2…(iii)
adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
12g g
(d) ; a  m1  m 2  m3    m3  m1  g
5 5
 m3  m1  g  3  1  10
Sol. (d) a    2 m/s 2
 m1  m2  m3  1 6  3
LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION 162

Example 15 Example 16

In the figure, pulleys are smooth and strings are A force of 100 N is applied on a block of mass 3 kg as
1 shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction
massless m1 = 1 kg and m2  kg. to keep m3 at rest
3 1
between the surface and the block is   . the
mass m3 should be 3
frictional force is

(a) 15 N downwards

(b) 25 N downwards

(c) 20 N downwards
(a) 1 kg
(d) 30 N downwards
2
(b) kg Sol. (a)
3

1
(c) kg
4

(d) 2 kg

Sol. (a)

m3 is at rest, therefore 3
N '  100 cos 30  100.  50 3N
2
1
f limiting 
3

50 3  50N
W  f  100sin 30
f  100sin 30  W  50  30  20N
Since the frictional force here is less than limiting
frictional value, therefore the body will be at rest.
 friction = 20 N (downward)

Example 17

Figure shows two blocks A and B pushed against the

2T = m3g…(i) wall with the force F. the wall is smooth but the
Further if m3 is at rest, then pulley P is also at rest. surface in contact of A and B are rough. Which of the
Writing equation of motion. following is true for the system of blocks to be at rest
m1g – T = m1a…(ii) against wall?
T – m2g = m2a…(iii)
Solving Eq. (ii) and (iii)
T=5N
From eq. (i) we get m3 = 1 kg.

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163 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

3F
R  mg 
2
If block just starts moving
F cos 60  f  R
3F 20
or F   10 or F 
2 2 3
(a) F should be equal to weight to A and B
Example 19
(b) F should be less than weight of A and B
A body of mass 8 kg lies on a rough horizontal table. It
(c) F should be more than weight of A and B
is observed that a certain horizontal force gives the
(d) System cannot be in equilibrium (at rest) body an acceleration of 4 ms-2. When this force is
double, the acceleration of the body is 16 ms-2. The
Sol. (d) coefficient of friction is
For system A and B together there is no upward force
to balance the weight (mA + mB)g. so, system can (a) 0.2
never be in equilibrium.
(b) 0.3

(c) 0.4

(d) 0.8

Sol. (d)
F – f = 8  4 = 32…(i)
2F – f = 128…(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2, we get
2F – 2f = 64 …(iii)
Example 18 Also, (ii)-(iii) gives f = (128 – 64) N
f = 64 N
A block of mass 1 kg is at rest on a horizontal table.
mg = 64
The coefficient of static friction between the block and
the table is 0.5. The magnitude of the force acting 64 8
  8 10  64 or     0.8
upwards at an angle of 60° from the horizontal that 80 10
will just start the block moving is
Example 20
(a) 5 N
A blocks of mass 2 kg rest on a rough inclined plane
20 making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The
(b) N
2 3 coefficient of static friction between the block and the
plane is 0.7. The frictional force on the block is
20
(c) N
2 3 (a) 10 N

(d) 10 N (b) 7 3N

Sol. (c) (c) 10  3N

(d) 7 N

Sol. (a)
Limiting friction force
3
f  N  0.7  mg cos    0.7  2  10   12.124 N
2
R + F sin 60° = mg
LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION 164

Since the block is at rest, therefore friction force 3

sin   ,
= mg sin  = 2  10  sin 30° = 10 N 5
Which is less than the limiting friction force (12.124 Clearly, base of the triangle is 4 units
N) in this case. 3
tan  
4
Example 21 3
  tan    0.75
For the arrangement shown in the fig. the tension in 4
the string is [Given: tan-1 (0.8) = 39°]

Example 23

In the arrangement shown in the figure [sin37° = 3/5]

(a) 6 N

(b) 6.4 N

(c) 0.4 N

(d) Zero

Sol. (d)
If represents angle of repose, then, tan  = 0.8 (a) direction of force of friction is up the plane
 = tan-1 (0.8) = 39°
(b) The magnitude of force of friction is zero
The given angle of inclination is less than the angle of
repose. So, the 1 kg block has no tendency to move. (c) The tension in the string is 20 N
[Note that mg sin  is exactly balanced by the force of
friction so, T = 0] (d) magnitude of force of friction is 56 N

Sol. (a)
Example 22

A block of mass 4 kg rests on an inclined plane. The

inclination of the plane is gradually increased. It is
 3
found that when the inclination is 3 in 5  sin    ,
 5
the block just begins to slide down the plane. The
coefficient of friction between the block and the plane flim = N = 0.7 × 80 = 56 N
is Net driving force = 60-40 = 20 N (down the plane)
As resisting force is greater than net driving force,
(a) 0.4
Then the friction will be static in nature and friction
(b) 0.6 force is 20 N (up the plane)

(c) 0.8
Example 24
(d) 0.75
A body of mass 5kg is acted upon by two
Sol. (d) perpendicular forces 8N and 6N. Give the magnitude
and direction of the acceleration of the body.

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165 LAWS OF MOTION AND FRICTION

[NCERT]

Sol.
If is given that,
Mass of the body, m = 5kg
Representation of given data:

Sol.
It is given that,
Mass of the man, M = 50 kg,
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 ms-2
Force applied on the block, F = 25 × 10 = 250 N
Weight of the man. W = 50 × 10 = 500 N
2 2
Resultant of two force 8N and 6, R  8    6  Case (a): when the man lifts the block directly
In this case, the man applies a force in the upward
 R  64  36
direction. This increases his apparent weight.
 R  10N
Action on the floor by the man = 250 + 500 = 750 N
Angle made by R with the force of 8 N
Case (b): when the man lifts the block using a pulley
 6  In this case, the man applies a force in the downward
  tan 1    36.87
 8  direction. This decreases his apparent weight.
The negative sign indicates that  is in the clockwise Action on the floor by the man = 500 – 250 = 250N
direction with respect to the force of magnitude 8N. If the floor can yield to a normal force of 700N, then
From Newton’s second law of motion, the man should adopt the second method to easily lift
The acceleration (a) produced in the body: F = ma the block by applying lesser force.
F 10 Therefore, case (b) is adopted.
a   2ms2
m 5
Therefore, the magnitude of acceleration is 2 ms-2 and
direction is 37° with a force of 8N.

Example 25

A block of mass 25kg is raised by a 50 kg man in two

different ways as shown in figure. What is the action
on the floor by the man in the two cases? If the floor
yields to a normal force of 700N, which mode should
the man adopt to lift the block without the floor
yielding? [NCERT]
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 166

EXERCISE–1: Basic Objective Questions

Newton’s Laws of Motion 9. When a car moves on a road with uniform speed of 30 km/
h, then the net resultant force on the car is :
1. When a bus suddenly take a turn, the passengers are
(a) the driving force that drives the car in the direction of
thrown outwards because of :
propagation of car
(a) speed of motion (b) inertia of motion
(b) the resistive force that acts opposite to the direction
(c) acceleration of motion (d) none of these
of propagation of car
2. A person swimming in a fresh water pool is obeying : (c) zero
(a) Newton’s second law (b) Gravitational law (d) none of the above
(c) Newton’s third law (d) Newton’s first law 10. Three forces acting on a body are shown in the figure. To
3. The passenger move forward when train stops, due to : have the resultant force only along the y–direction, the
(a) inertia of passenger magnitude of the minimum additional force needed is
y
(b) inertia of train
(c) gravitational pull by earth 1N
(d) none of these
4N
4. A force vector applied on a mass is represented by
 30°
F  6 î  8 ˆj  10 k̂ and the force accelerates the mass at 1
60°
m/s2. What is the mass of the body?
x
(a) 10 kg (b) 10 2 kg
60°
(c) 2 10 kg (d) 20 kg
2N
5. The velocity of a bullet is reduced from 200 m/s to 100 m/ (a) 0.5 N (b) 1.5 N
s while travelling through a wooden block of thickness 10 (c) 4 N (d) 3 N
cm. Assuming it to be uniform, the retardation will be :
4 2 4 2
11. When a 4 kg rifle is fired, the 10 g bullet receives an
(a) 15 × 10 m/s (b) 10 × 10 m/s acceleration of 3  106 cm/s2. The magnitude of the force
4 2 2
(c) 12 × 10 m/s (d) 14.5 m/s acting on the rifle (in newton)is
6. A body of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity 8 m/s on a (a) zero (b) 120
smooth surface. If it is to be brought to rest in 4 s. Then (c) 300 (d) 3000
the force to be applied is : 12. A force F1 acts on a particle so as to accelerate it from rest
(a) 7 N (b) 2 N to velocity v. The force F1 is then replaced by F2 which
decelerates it to rest.
(c) 4 N (d) 8 N
(a) F1 must be equal to F2
7. A body of mass 0.1 kg attains a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1 s. (b) F1 may be equal to F2
The force acting on the body is:
(c) F1 must be unequal to F2
(a) 10 N (b) 0.01 N (d) none of these
(c) 0.1 N (d) 100 N     
13. Five forces F1 , F2 , F3 , F4 and F5 are acting on a particle of
 F  ma  0.1  100  10 N mass 2.0 kg so that it is moving with 4m / s 2 in east
8. The average force necessary to stop a bullet of 20 gm at a 
speed of 250 m/s as it penetrates wood to a distance of direction. If F1 force is removed, then the acceleration
12 cm is : becomes 7m / s 2 in north, then the acceleration of the
6
(a) 2.2 × 10 N
6
(b) 3.2 × 10 N 
block if only F1 is acting will be:
6 3
(c) 4.2 × 10 N (d) 5.2 × 10 N
167 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

(c) (d)
(a) 16 m / s 2 (b) 65 m / s 2

(c) 260 m / s2 (d) 33 m / s 2

14. A body of mass 5 kg starts from the origin with an initial
 20. A particle moves in the xy-plane under the action of a
velocity u  (30iˆ  40j)ms
ˆ 1
. If a constant force
force F such that the components of its linear momentum

F  (iˆ  5ˆj)N acts on the body, the time in which the y– p at any time t are p x  2 cos t , p y  2sin t . The angle
component of the velocity becomes zero is between F and p at time t is
(a) 5 seconds (b) 20 seconds (a) 90 (b) 0
(c) 40 seconds (d) 80 seconds (c) 180 (d) 30
15. Same force acts on two bodies of different masses 3 kg 21. Figure shows the displacement of a particle going along
and 5 kg initially at rest. The ratio of time required to the X-axis as a function of time. The force acting on the
acquire same final velocity is particle is zero in the region
(a) 5 : 3 (b) 25 : 9
(c) 9 : 25 (d) 3 : 5
16. If a body loses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm
in a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate more
before coming to rest?
(a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
(c) 3 cm (d) 74 N
17. A ship of mass 3 × 107 kg initially at rest is pulled by a force (a) AB (b) BC
of 5 × 104 N through a distance of 3 m. Assuming that the (c) CE (d) DE
resistance due to water is negligible, what will be the speed 22. A 0.5 kg ball moving with a speed of 12 m/s strikes a hard
of the ship ? wall at an angle of 30o with the wall. It is reflected with the
(a) 0.1 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s same speed and at the same angle, as shown in fig. If the
(c) 5 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s ball is in contact with the wall for 0.25 s, the average force
18. A constant force acts on a body of mass 0.9 kg at rest for acting on the wall is
10 s. If the body moves a distance of 250 m, the magnitude
of the force is
(a) 3 N (b) 3.5 N
30o
(c) 4 N (d) 4.5 N
19. A person used force (F), shown in the figure to move a
load with a constant velocity on a given surface.
30o

(a) 96 N (b) 48 N
(c) 24 N (d) 12 N
23. A monkey of mass 20 kg is holding a vertical rope. The
rope will not break when a mass of 25 kg is suspended
from it but will break, if the mass exceeds 25 kg. What is
Identify the correct surface profile: [2006] the maximum acceleration with which the monkey can climb
2
(a) (b) up along the rope? (g = 10 m/s )
2 2
(a) 25 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s
2 2
(c) 5 m/s (d) 10 m/s
24. Assertion : Sportsman runs some distance before taking
a long jump.
Reason : Because of inertia body remains in state of motion
or rest.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 168

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is
 a
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) w (b) w  1  
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.  g
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
 a a
25. Assertion: Inertia is the property by virtue of which the (c) w  1   (d) w
body is unable to change its state by itself.  g g
Reason: The bodies do not change their state unless acted 30. A lift of mass 1000 kg is moving upwards with an
2
upon by an unbalanced external force. acceleration of 1m/s . The tension developed in the string
2
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is which is connected to lift is? (g = 9.8 m/s )
the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) 9800 N (b) 10800 N
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is
(c) 11000 N (d) 10000 N
not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
31. The mass of a lift is 2000 kg. When the tension in the
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
supporting cable is 28000 N, then its acceleration is
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
26. Assertion: If the net external force on the body is zero (a) 30ms 2 downwards (b) 4ms 2 upwards
then its acceleration is also zero. (c) 4ms 2 downwards (d) 14ms 2 upwards
Reason: Acceleration does not depend on force.
32. A man of mass 50 kg carries a bag of weight 40 N on his
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is
shoulder. The force with which the floor pushes up his
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
feet will be
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is
(a) 882 N (b) 530 N
not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) 90 N (d) 600 N
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
33. A student unable to answer a question on Newton’s laws
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
of motion attempts to pull himself up by tugging on his
27. Assertion: Newton’s second law of motion gives the hair. He will not succeed :
measurement of force.
(a) as the force exerted is small
Reason: According to Newton’s second law of motion,
force is directly proportional to the rate of change of (b) the frictional force while gripping is small
momentum.
(c) Newton’s law of inertia is not applicable to living beings
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion. (d) as the force applied is internal to the system
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is 34. A sphere is accelerated upwards with the help of a cord
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. whose breaking strength is five times its weight. The
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. maximum acceleration with which the sphere can move up
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. without cord breaking is
28. Assertion: Airplanes always fly at low altitudes. (a) 4g (b) 3g
Reason: According to Newton’s third law of motion, for (c) 2g (d) g
every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
35. A uniform rope of mass m hangs freely from a ceiling. A
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is
bird of mass M climbs up the rope with an acceleration a.
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
The force exerted by the rope on the ceiling is :
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is
not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Force
29. A balloon of weight w is falling vertically downward with a
constant acceleration a (<g). The magnitude of the air
resistance is :

(a) Ma + mg
169 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

(b) M (a + g) + mg (i) lifted up with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2

(c) M (a + g) (ii) lowered with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2.
(d) dependent on the position of bird on the rope The ratio of the tensions in the thread is (T1 : T2, where T1
36. In the following figure, the object of mass m is held at rest is the tension when the load is moving upwards and T2,
by a horizontal force as shown. The force exerted by the that when the load is moving downwards)
string on the block is (a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
41. A monkey is descending from the branch of a tree with
constant acceleration. If the breaking strength is 75% of
the weight of the monkey, the minimum acceleration with
which monkey can slide down without breaking the
branch is

3g
(a) g (b)
4

(a) F (b) mg g g
(c) (d)
4 2
(c) F + mg (d) F2  m 2 g 2
42. A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the other
37. A man slides down a light rope whose breaking strength light spring balance and a block of mass M kg hangs from
is  times the weight of man ( < 1). The maximum the former one. Then the true statement about the scale
acceleration of the man so that the rope just break is reading is:
(a) g(1 - ) (b) g (1 + )
(a) Both the scales read M/2 kg each
g (b) Both the scales read M kg each
(c) g (d)
 (c) The scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the
38. Figure shows two blocks connected by a light inextensible upper one zero
string as shown in figure. A force of 10 N is applied on the (d) The reading of the two scales can be anything but the
bigger block at 60 with horizontal, then the tension in sum of the reading will be M kg
the string connecting the two masses is
43. A body of mass 60 kg suspended by means of three
strings, P, Q and R as shown in the figure is in equilibrium.
The tension in the string P is

(a) 5 N (b) 2 N
(c) 1 N (d) 3 N
39. What is the acceleration of 3 kg mass when acceleration
of 2 kg mass is 2 m/s2 as shown?

(a) 130.9 g N (b) 60 g N

(c) 50 g N (d) 103.9 g N
44. Ten coins are placed on top of each other on a horizontal
table. If the mass of each coin is 10 g and acceleration due
(a) 3 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2 to gravity is 10 ms–2, what is the magnitude and direction
2
(c) 0.5 m/s (d) zero of the force on the 7th coin (counted from the bottom) due
40. A mass of 1 kg is suspended by a thread. It is to all the coins above it ?
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 170

(a) 0.3 N downwards (b) 0.3 N upwards 49. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to a wall. The
(c) 0.7 N downwards (d) 0.7 N upwards forces acting on the sphere are shown in figure. Which
of the following statements is NOT correct?
45. When a bird of weight W sits on a stretched wire, the
tension T in the wire is

W
(a) > (b) = W
2
(c) < W (d) None of these
46. A weight Mg is suspended from the middle of a rope
whose ends are at the same level. The rope is no longer
horizontal. The minimum tension required to completely
straighten the rope is

Mg
(a) (b) Mg cos
2
(c) 2Mg cos (d) Infinitely large
  
(a) N  T  W  0 (b) T2 = N2 + W2
47. Tension in the rope at the rigid support is (g = 10 m/s2) (c) T = N + W (d) N = W tan
50. The below figure is the part of a horizontally stretched
net. Section AB is stretched with a force of 10 N. The
tensions in the sections BC and BF are

(a) 10 N, 11 N
(b) 10 N, 6 N
(a) 760 N (b) 1360 N (c) 10 N, 10 N
(d) Cannot be calculated due to insufficient data
(c) 1580 N (d) 1620 N
51. Assertion: Two blocks kept side by side and moving with
48. Figure shows a uniform rod of length 30 cm having a the same acceleration may have contact force between
mass 3.0 kg. The rod is pulled by constant force of 20 N them.
and 32 N as shown. Find the force exerted by 20 cm part Reason: If external force acting on one of the two blocks
of the rod on the 10 cm part (all surfaces are smooth) is causes same acceleration in both of them, then contact
force exists between them.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(a) 36 N (b) 12 N (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
(c) 64 N (d) 24 N 52. Assertion: A monkey slides down a vertical rope with
constant acceleration (< g). The tension force on the
monkey is in the upward direction.
171 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

Reason: In assertion, net force on the monkey is in the equilibrium with a constant horizontal force mg on B. Then
downward direction. T1 is
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. O

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason T2
2
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. m A

(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. 1 T1

53. A rope of length L and mass M is hanging from a rigid B
m mg
support. The tension in the rope at a distance x from the
rigid support is :
(a) mg (b) 2 mg
Lx
(a) Mg (b)   Mg
 L 
(c) 3 mg (d) 5 mg
 L  x
(c)   Mg (d) Mg 58. Assertion: A body subjected to three concurrent forces
Lx L cannot be in equilibrium.
54. A body of mass m is acted upon by a force F and the Reason: If large numbers of concurrent forces are acting
acceleration produced is a. If three forces each equal to F on the same point then the point will always be in
and inclined to each other at 120o act on the same body, equilibrium.
the acceleration produced will be (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) a / 3 (b) 2a
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
(c) 3a (d) zero is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
55. An object is resting at the bottom of two strings which are (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
inclined at an angle of 120° with each other. Each string (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
can withstand a tension of 20 N. The maximum weight of
59. Consider the following statements about the blocks
the object that can be sustained without breaking the string
shown in the diagram that are being pushed by a constant
is :
force on a frictionless table
(a) 10 N (b) 20 N
(c) 20 2 N (b) 40 N
56. A block of mass 10 kg is suspended by three strings as
shown in the figure. The tension T2 is :

A. All blocks move with the same acceleration

B. The net force on each block is the same Which of
these statements are/is correct
(a) A only
(b) B only
(c) Both A and B
100 (d) Neither A nor B
(a) 100 N (b) N
3
Application of Newton’s Laws of Motion
(c) 3 ×100 N (d) 50 3 N 60. One end of massless rope, which passes over a massless
57. In the following figure the masses of the blocks A and B and frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook C while the other
are same and each equal to m. The tensions in the strings end is free. Maximum tension that the rope can bear is 360 N.
OA and AB are T2 and T1 respectively. The system is in With what value of maximum safe acceleration (in ms–2)
can a man of 60 kg climb down the rope?
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 172

2g g
(a) (b)
3 3
g g
(c) (d)
9 7
63. In the following figure, the pulley P1 is fixed and the pulley
P2 is movable. If W1 = W2 = 100N, what is the angle AP2P1?
The pulleys are friction-less.

(a) 16 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) none of these
61. The pulleys and strings shown in the figure are smooth (a) 30 (b) 60
and of negligible mass. For the system to remain in (c) 90 (d) 120°
equilibrium, the angle  should be : 64. Three blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 5 kg are connected
to each other with light string and are then placed on a
frictionless surface as shown in the figure. The system is
pulled by a force F = 10N, then tension T1 = ]

10N T1 T2
3kg 5kg
2kg

(a) 1N (b) 5 N
(c) 8 N (d) 10 N
65. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a frictionless table. A
thread tied to it passes over a frictionless pulley and carries
(a) 0° (b) 30° a body B of mass 3 kg at the other end. The acceleration of
(c) 45° (d) 60° the system is (given g = 10 ms–2)
62. Two masses as shown in the figure are suspended from a
massless pulley. The acceleration of the system when A
masses are left free is [2000]

(a) 100 ms–2 (b) 3 ms–2

(c) 10 ms–2 (d) 30 ms–2
66. Two masses m1 and m2 are attached to a string which passes
over a frictionless smooth pulley. When m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 6 kg,
the acceleration of masses is

m2 6 kg

10 kg m1
173 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

(a) 20 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2 (a) 5 N (b) 4 N

(c) 2.5 m/s2
(d) 10 m/s2 (c) 2 N (d) None of the above
67. Two blocks are connected by a string as shown in the 70. Two bodies having masses m1 = 40 g and m2 = 60 g are
diagram. The upper block is hung by another string. A attached to the ends of a string of negligible mass and
suspended from massless pulley. The acceleration of the
force F applied on the upper string produces an bodies is :
acceleration of 2m/s2 in the upward direction in both the (a) 1 m/s
2
(b) 2 m/s
2

blocks. If T and T be the tensions in the two parts of the 2 2

string, then (c) 0.4 m/s (d) 4 m/s
71. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of
inclination  .The whole system is accelerated horizontally
F
T so that the block does not slip on the wedge. The force
exerted by the wedge on the block (g is acceleration due
2kg to gravity) will be:
(a) mg cos  (b) mg sin 
T mg
(c) mg (d)
4kg cos 
72. Consider the shown arrangement. Assume all surfaces to
be smooth. If N represents magnitudes of normal reaction
(a) T  70 . 8 N and T   47 . 2 N between block and wedge, then acceleration of M along
(b) T  58 . 8 N and T   47 . 2 N horizontal is equal to :

(c) T  70 . 8 N and T   58 . 8 N
(d) T  70 . 8 N and T   0
68. Two blocks, each having a mass M, rest on frictionless
surfaces as shown in the figure. If the pulley are light and
frictionless, and M on the incline is allowed to move down,
then the tension in the string will be :

N sin 
(a) along + ve x-axis
M

N cos 
(b) along –ve x-axis
M

2 3 N sin 
(a) Mg sin  (b) Mg sin  (c) along –ve x-axis
3 2 M

Mg sin  N sin 
(c) (d) 2 Mg sin  (d) along –ve x-axis
2 mM
69. Two blocks of mass 4 kg and 6 kg are placed in contact 73. In the above question normal reaction between ground
with each other on a frictionless horizontal surface. If we and wedge will have magnitude equal to :
apply a push of 5 N on the heavier mass, the force on the (a) N cos  + Mg (b) N cos  + Mg + mg
lighter mass will be (c) N cos  – Mg (d) N sin  + Mg + mg

Frams of Reference
5N 6 kg 74. A man of mass 80 kg is standing in an elevator which is
4 kg 2
moving with an acceleration of 6 m/s in upward direction.
2
The apparent weight of the man will be : (g = 10 m/s )
(a) 1480 N (b) 1280 N
(c) 1380 N (d) none of these
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 174

75. For ordinary terrestrial experiments, the observer in an 81. A block is placed on the top of a smooth inclined plane of
inertial frame in the following cases is : inclination  kept on the floor of a lift. When the lift is
(a) a child revolving in a gaint wheel descending with a retardation a, the block is released. The
acceleration of the block relative to the incline is :
(b) a driver in a sports car moving with a constant high speed
–1
of 200 kmh on a straight rod (a) g sin  (b) a sin 

(c) the pilot of an aeroplane which is taking off (c) (g –a) sin  (d) (g + a) sin 
(d) a cyclist negotiating a sharp curve 82. A smooth inclined plane of length L having inclination 
76. The pendulum hanging from the ceiling of a railway carriage with the horizontal is inside a lift which is moving down
makes angle 30° with the vertical, when it is accelerating. with a retardation a. The time taken by a body to slide
The acceleration of the carriage is : down the inclined plane from rest will be :

3 2 2L
(a) g (b) g 2L
2 3 (a) (b)  g  a  sin 
 g  a  sin 
g
(c) g 3 (d) 2L 2L
3
(c) (d)
77. A bird is sitting in a large closed cage which is placed on a sin  g sin 
a spring balance, it records a weight of 35 N. The bird 83. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man
(mass = 0.5 kg) flies upward in the cage with an hangs his bag on the spring and the spring reads 49 N,
2
acceleration of 2 m/s . The spring balance will now record when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downward with
a weight of : an acceleration of 5 ms–2, the reading of the spring balance
(a) 27 N (b) 36 N will be :
(c) 26 N (d) 24 N (a) 24 N (b) 74 N
78. With what acceleration ‘a’ should be box of figure moving (c) 15 N (d) 49 N
up so that the block of mass M exerts a force 7 Mg/4 on 84. Assertion: In the case of free fall of the lift, the man will
the floor of the box? feel weightlessness.
Reason: In free fall, acceleration of lift is equal to
acceleration due to gravity.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(a) g/4 (b) g/2 (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
(c) 3g/4 (d) 4g 85. Assertion: A reference frame attached to the Earth is an
79. A coin is dropped in a lift. It takes time t1 to reach the floor inertial frame of reference.
when lift is stationary. It takes time t2 when lift is moving Reason: The reference frame which has zero acceleration
up with constant acceleration. Then is called a non-inertial frame of reference.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
(a) t1  t 2 (b) t 2  t1
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) t1  t 2 (d) t1  t 2 (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
80. A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration of the ball as (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
observed by the man in the lift and a man standing 86. Assertion: While applying laws of motion in a non-inertial
stationary on the ground are respectively reference frame, a pseudo force is taken to be acting on
(a) g, g (b) g – a, g – a the body considered.
(c) g – a, g (d) a, g
175 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

Reason: A non-inertial frame has zero acceleration. 95. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough horizontal
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason surface having coefficient of friction  = 0.5. If a horizontal
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. force of 100 N is applied on it, then the acceleration of the
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason block will be :
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) 15 m/s
2
(b) 10 m/s
2

(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. 2 2

(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. (c) 5 m/s (d) 0.5 m/s
87. Assertion: Newton’s second law holds good in an inertial 96. A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a
frame only. speed v0. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres
Reason: Newton’s second law is a basic law. and the road is . The shortest distance in which the car
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason can be stopped is :
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. 2
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason v02  v0 
(a) (b)  
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.   g 
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. v20 v20
(c) (d)
g 2 g
Frictional Force and its Properties
88. Which is true for rolling friction (r), static friction (s) and 97. An iron block of sides 5 cm × 8 cm × 15 cm has to be
kinetic friction (k) ? pushed along the floor. The force required will be minimum
when the surface in contact with ground is :
(a) s   k   r (b) s   k   r
(a) force is the same for all surfaces
(c) s   k   r (d) s   r   k
(b) 8 cm × 5 cm surface
89. Which of the following is self-adjusting force?
(c) 5 cm × 15 cm surface
(a) Statice friction (b) Limiting friction
(d) 8 cm × 15 cm surface
(c) Kinetic friction (d) Rolling friction
90. Maximum force of friction is called 98. In the figure shown, horizontal force F1 is applied on a
(a) Limiting friction (b) Static friction block but the block does not slide. Then as the magnitude
(c) Sliding friction (d) Rolling friction of vertical force F2 is increased from zero the block begins
91. A force of 50 N is required to push a car on a level road to slide; the correct statement is
with constant speed of 10 m/s. The mass of the car is
500 kg. What force should be applied to make the car
accelerate at 1 m/s2 ?
(a) 550 N (b) 450 N
(c) 500 N (d) 2500 N
92. A body is projected along a rough horizontal surface with
a velocity 6 m/s. If the body comes to rest after travelling (a) The magnitude of normal reaction on block increases
9 m, then coefficient of sliding friction is : (g = 10 m/s2) (b) Static frictional force acting on the block increases
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.4 (c) Maximum value of static frictional force decrease
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.2 (d) All of these
93. Which of the following statements is true in a tug of war. 99. A body of mass 2 kg is at rest on a horizontal table. The
(a) The team which applies a greater force on the rope coefficient of friction between the body and the table is
than the other wins. 0.3. A force of 5 N applied on the body. The acceleration
(b) The team which applies a smaller force on the rope of the body is ?
than the other wins.
(a) 0 ms 2 (b) 2.5 ms 2
(c) The team which pushes harder against the ground wins.
(d) none of these (c) 5 ms 2 (d) 7.5 ms 2
94. While walking on ice, one should take small steps to
100. A block of mass 3 kg is placed on a rough horizontal
avoid slipping. This is because smaller steps ensure
(a) larger friction (b) smaller friction surface   s  0.4  . A force of 8.7 N is applied on the
(c) smaller normal force (d) none of these block. The force of friction between the block and floor
is?
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 176

(a) 8.7 N (b) 12 N (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
(c) 10 N (d) Zero is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
101. A block of mass m is stationary on a horizontal surface. It
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
is connected with a string which has no tension. The
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
coefficient of friction between the block and surface is
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
 . Then, the frictional force between the block and 106. A block of mass 5 kg is kept on a horizontal floor having
surface is? coefficient of friction 0.09. Two mutually perpendicular
horizontal forces of 3 N and 4 N act on this block. The
acceleration of the block is : (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) zero (b) 0.1 m/s2
2
(c) 0.2 m/s (d) 0.3 m/s2
(a) Zero (b)  mg 107. A block of mass 4 kg is placed on a rough horizontal plane.
A time dependent horizontal force F = kt acts on the block,
mg k = 2 N/s. The frictional force between the block and plane
(c) (d) None of these at time t = 2s is ( = 0.2)

(a) 4 N (b) 8 N
102. Assertion: When a bicycle is in motion, the force of (c) 12 N (d) zero
friction exerted by the ground on the two wheels is always 108. A block is kept on an inclined plane of angle 30°.
in the forward direction. Coefficient of kinetic friction between block and incline
Reason: The frictional force acts in the direction of motion 1
of the bicycle. plane is . What is acceleration of block ?
3
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason (a) zero
2
(b) 2 m/s
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) 1.5 m/s
2
(d) 5 m/s
2

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason 109. A child weighing 25 kg slides down a rope hanging from
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. a branch of a tall tree. If the force of friction acting against
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. him is 200 N, the acceleration of child is (g = 10 m/s2)
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. (a) 22.5 m/s2 (b) 8 m/s2
2
(c) 5 m/s (d) 2 m/s2
103. Assertion: Pulling a lawn roller is easier than pushing it.
110. Consider a car moving along a straight horizontal road
Reason: Pushing increases the apparent weight and hence with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of static friction
the force of friction. between the tyres and the road is 0.5, the shortest distance
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason in which the car can be stopped just by using the frictional
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. force is (taking g = 10 m/s2)
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (a) 30 m (b) 40 m
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) 72 m (d) 20 m
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. 111. A block of weight W is held against a vertical wall by
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. applying a horizontal force 75 N. The surface of the wall
104. Assertion: The value of dynamic friction is less than the is rough. Now, (consider   1)
limiting friction. (a) W  75 N (b) W  75 N
Reason: Once the motion has started, the inertia of rest
(c) W  75 N (d) None of these
has been overcome.
112. Assertion: Without friction between our feet and the
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
ground, it will not be possible to walk.
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Reason: Frictional force is necessary to start motion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
105. Assertion: Proper use of lubricants cannot reduce inertia. (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Reason: Proper use of lubricants reduces friction. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
177 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

113. Assertion: Wheels of automobiles are made circular in

shape.
Reason: Rolling friction is the least among all type of
frictions.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (a) 20 N (b) 10 N
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) 12 N (d) 15 N
119. Assertion: Value of frictional force as seen from an inertial
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
frame for a pair of solids, may change if it is observed
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. from a non-inertial frame.
114. A block is gently placed on a conveyor belt moving Reason: Coefficient of friction  depends on the frame of
horizontally with constant speed. After t = 4 s, the velocity reference.
of the block becomes equal to velocity of the belt. If the (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
coefficient of friction between the block and the belt is is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
 = 0.2, then the velocity of the conveyor belt is
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) 8 m/s (b) 6 m/s (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
115. A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a wall applying
Angle of Friction and Angle of Repose
horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If coeff. of friction
between the block and the wall is 0.5, the magnitude of 1
120. The coefficient of friction of a surface is . What should
frictional force acting on the block is 3
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.49 N be the angle of inclination so that a body placed on the
(c) 0.98 N (d) 4.9 N surface just begins to slide down ?
(a) 30o (b) 45o
116. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a pole. He is pressing
(c) 60o (d) 90o
the pole with a force of 600 N. The coefficient of friction 121. A block A kept on an inclined surface just begins to slide
between the hands and the pole is 0.5, with what if the inclination is 30°. The block is replaced by another
acceleration will the fireman slide down ? (g = 10 ms–2) block B and it is found that it just begins to slide if the
(a) 1 ms–2 (b) 2.5 ms–2 inclination is 40°.
(c) 10 ms–2 (d) 5 ms–2 (a) mass of A > mass of B
(b) mass of A < mass of B
117. A body of mass m rests on horizontal surface. The
(c) mass of A = mass of B
coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is
(d) all the three are possible
. If the mass is pulled by a force P as shown in the figure,
122. Pushing force making an angle  to the horizontal is
the limiting friction between body and surface will be :
applied on a block of weight W placed on a horizontal
P table. If the angle of friction be , the magnitude of force
required to move the body is equal to :
30°
W cos  W sin 
m (a) (b)
cos      cos     

  P  W tan  W sin 
(a)  mg (b)   mg     (c) sin      (d) tan     
  2 
123. A body is placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination
  P    3 P  . As the angle  is increased from 0 to 90 the contact
(c)   mg     (d)   mg     force between the block and the plane
  2    2  
(a) remains constant
118. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the (b) first remains constant then decreases
block shown in the arrangement, does not move (c) first decreases then increases
(d) first increases then decreases
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 178

124. A body is placed on an inclined plan and has to be pushed

down in order to make it move. The angle made by the
normal reaction with the vertical will be:-
(a) Equal to angle of repose
(b) Equal to the angle of repose
(c) Less than the angle of repose
(d) More than the angle of repose
125. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle
of 30 o with the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction
between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional (a) 6 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2
2
force on the block is 10 N, the mass of the block (in kg) is (c) 8 m/s (d) 2 m/s2
(take g  10 m / s 2 ) 131. Two blocks (A) 2 kg and (B) 5 kg rest one over the other
on a smooth horizontal plane. The coefficient of static
(a) 2.0 (b) 4.0
and dynamic friction between (A) and (B) is the same and
(c) 1.6 (d) 2.5 equal to 0.60. The maximum horizontal force F that can be
126. Assertion: Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting applied to (B) in order that both (A) and (B) do not have
friction. any relative motion is
Reason: When the body is just at the point of motion, the
force of friction at this stage is called limiting friction.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. (a) 42 N (b) 42 kgf
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. (c) 5.4 kgf (d) 1.2 N
Block on Block Systems 132. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B
of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure a horizontal rope tied
127. A body B lies on a smooth horizontal table and another
to a wall holds it. The coefficient of friction between A
body A is placed on B. The coefficient of friction between
and B is 0.2 while coefficient of friction between B and the
A and B is  . What acceleration given to B will cause
ground is 0.3. The minimum required force F to start
slipping to occur between A and B
moving B will be
(a) g (b) g / 
(c)  / g (d) g
128. A block B of mass 5 kg is placed on another block A of
mass 10 kg, which rests on a smooth horizontal surface. If
 = 0.4 between A and B and a force F = 40 N is applied on
block B, the acceleration of A is :
2 2
(a) 3 m/s (b) 2 m/s
2 2
(c) 4 m/s (d) 8/3 m/s
(a) 900 N (b) 100 N
129. Two blocks A and B of masses 5 kg and 3 kg respectively
(c) 1100 N (d) 1200 N
rest on a smooth horizontal surface with B over A. the
133. Determine the time in which the smaller block reaches other
coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.5. The maximum
end of bigger block in the figure
horizontal force (in kg wt.) that can be applied to A, so
that there will be motion of A and B without relative
2 kg u = 0.3
slipping, is 10 N
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.5 u = 0.0
(c) 4 (d) 5 8 kg
130. Figure shows two blocks system, 4kg block rests on a
smooth horizontal surface, upper surface of 4 kg is rough.
A block of mass 2 kg is placed on its upper surface. The L = 3.0 m
acceleration of upper block with respect to earth when 4 (a) 4s (b) 8
kg mass is pulled by a force of 30 N, is (c) 2.19 s (d) 2.13 s
179 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

Misecellaneous cases in friction 138. A force of 750 N is applied to a block of mass 102 kg to
134. The coefficient of static friction, s, between block A of prevent it from sliding on a plane with an inclination angle
mass 2 kg and the table as shown in the figure, is 0.2. 30° with the horizontal. If the coefficients of static friction
What would be the maximum mass value of block B, and kinetic friction between the block and the plane are
so that the two blocks do not move? The string and 0.4 and 0.3 respectively, then the frictional force acting
the pulley are assumed to be smooth and massless on the block is
2
(g = 10 m/s )
(a) 750 N (b) 500 N
(c) 345 N (d) 250 N
139. A block of mass m is given an initial downward velocity v0
and left on an inclined plane (coefficient of friction = 0.6).
The block will :

(a) 2.0 kg (b) 4.0 kg

(c) 0.2 kg (d) 0.4 kg V0
135. A block of mass 1 kg is projected from the lowest point up
along the inclined plane. If g = 10 ms-2, the retardation 30°
experienced by the block is
(a) continue to move move down the plane with constant
velocity v0
(b) accelerate downward
(c) decelerate and come to rest
(d) first accelerated then decelerate
140. In the figure shown, if coefficient of friction is , then m2
will start moving upwards if :
15 5
(a) ms 2 (b) ms 2
2 2

10
(c) ms 2 (d) zero
2
136. The blocks A and B are arranged as shown in the figure. m2
The pulley is frictionless. The mass of A is 10 kg. The
coefficient of friction of A with the horizontal surface is m1
0.20. The minimum mass of B to start the motion will be

m1 m1
(a) m  sin    cos  (b) m  sin    cos 
2 2

m1 m1
(c) m   sin   cos  (d) m   sin   cos 
2 2
(a) 2 kg (b) 0.2 kg
(c) 5 kg (d) 10 kg 141. Consider the situation shown in the figure. All surfaces
are rough. The friction on B due to A in equilibrium
137. The force required just to move a body up an inclined
plane is double the force required just to prevent the body
sliding down. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25, the angle
of inclination of the plane is
(a) 36.8° (b) 45°
(a) is upward
(c) 30° (d) 42.6°
(b) is downward
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 180

(c) is zero
(d) depends on the masses of A and B
142. A block of mass 1 kg is placed on a truck which accelerates
2
with acceleration 5 m/s . The coefficient of static friction
between the block and truck is 0.6. The frictional force
acting on the block is :
(a) 5 N (b) 6 N
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3
(c) 5.88 N (d) 4.6 N
(c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
143. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination
 = 30° with a velocity 5 m/s. If it stops after 0.5 s then 148. The system shown in the figure is in equilibrium. The
what is the value of coefficient of friction () ? maximum value of W, so that the maximum value of static
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.5 frictional force on 100 kg body is 450 N, will be:-

(c) 1.25 (d) none of these

144. If a ladder weighing 250 N is placed against a smooth
vertical wall having coefficient of friction between it and
floor 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction available
at the point of contact between the ladder and the floor ?
(a) 75 N (b) 50 N
(c) 35 N (d) 25 N
145. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination 60°
2
with velocity of 20 m/s and stops after 2 s. If g = 10 m/s , (a) 100 N (b) 250 N
then the approximate value of coefficient of friction is : (c) 450 N (d) 1000 N
(a) 3 (b) 3.3 149. A block is kept on an inclined plane of inclination  of
(c) 0.27 (d) 0.33 length l. The velocity of particle at the bottom of inclined
146. A metallic chain 1m long lies on a horizontal surface of a is (the coefficient of friction is )
table. The chain starts sliding on the table if 25 cm (or (a) 2 gl( cos   sin  )
more of it) hangs over the edge of a table. The correct
value of the coefficient of friction between the table and (b) 2 gl(sin    cos  )
the chain is
(c) 2 gl(sin    cos  )
1 2
(a) (b) (d) 2 gl(cos    sin  )
3 3
150. A heavy uniform chain lies on horizontal table top. If the
1 1 coefficient of friction between the chain and the table
(c) (d) surface is 0.25, then the maximum fraction of the length of
4 5
the chain that can hang over one edge of the table is
147. A block of mass 15 kg is resting on a rough inclined plane
as shown in figure. The block is tied by a horizontal string (a) 20% (b) 25%
which has a tension of 50 N. The coefficient of friction (c) 35% (d) 15%
between the surfaces of contact is:
181 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

EXERCISE–2: Previous Year Questions

1. In a non-inertial frame, the second law of motion is written F
[DUMET 2011] v
(a) F = ma (b) F = ma + Fp m
(c) F = ma – Fp (d) F = 2ma
2. Forces in the ratio 1 : 2 act simultaneously on a particle.
2m
The resultant of these forces is three times the first force.
The angle between them in [Kerala CEE 2011]
(a) 0 (b) 60 3m
(c) 90 (d) 45
(a) 6 mg (b) zero
3. The resultant of two forces acting at an angle of 120° is 10
kg-wt and is perpendicular to one of the forces. That force (c) 2 mg (d) 3 mg
is [KCET 2011] 8. Assertion The driver in a vehicle moving with a constant
speed on a straight road is in a non-inertial frame of
(a) 10 3 kg-wt (b) 20 3 kg-wt reference
10 Reason: A reference frame in which Newton’s laws of
(c) 10 kg-wt (d) kg-wt motion are applicable is non-inertial [AIIMS 2013]
3
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
4. Two bodies of masses of 4 kg and 6 kg are tied to the ends the correct explanation of Assertion.
of a massless string. The string passes over a frictionless (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
pulley. The acceleration of the system is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
[Kerala CEE 2011] (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
g g (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(a) (b) (e) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
3 5
9. The force F acting on a particle of mass m indicated by
g g
(c) (d) force-time graph shown below. The charge in linear
10 4 momentum of the particle over time interval from 0 to 8s
5. A man of mass 60 kg is riding in a lift. The weight of the is : (NEET 2014)
man, when the lift is accelerating upwards and downwards
at 2 ms-2, are respectively (take, g = 10 ms-2) [AMU 2011]
(a) 720 N and 480 N (b) 480 N and 720 N
(c) 600 N and 600 N (d) None of these
6. A stone is dropped from a height h. It hits the ground with
a certain momentum p. If the same stone is dropped from
a height 100% more than the previous height, the
momentum when it hits the ground will change by:
(a) 6 N s (b) 24 N s
(AIPMT 2012)
(c) 20 N s (d) 12 N s
(a) 200% (b) 100%
10. A balloon with mass m is descending down with an
(c) 68% (d) 41% acceleration a (where a < g). How much mass should be
7. Three blocks with masses m, 2m and 3m are connected by removed from its so that it starts moving up with an
strings as shown in the figure. After an upward force F is acceleration a? (NEET 2014)

applied on block m, the masses move upward at constant ma 2ma

(a) g  a (b) g  a
speed v. What is the net force on the block of mass 2m ?
(g is the acceleration due to gravity) (NEET 2013) 2ma ma
(c) g  a (d) g  a
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 182

11. The linear momentum of a particle varies with time t 16. Two blocks A and B of masses 3m and m respectively are
as p = a + bt + ct2. Then, which of the following is correct? connected by a massless and inextensible string. The
[EAMCET 2014] whole system is suspended by a massless spring as shown
(a) Velocity of particle is inversely proportional to time in figure. The magnitudes of acceleration of A and B
(b) Displacement of the particle is independent of time immediately after the string is cut, are respectively:
(c) Force varies with time in a quadratic manner (NEET 2017)
(d) Force is linearly dependent on time
12. The tension in the string in the pulley system shown in
the figure is [JIPMER 2014]

g g
(a) g, (b) ,g
3 3
g g
(c) g, g (d) ,
3 3
(a) 75 N (b) 80 N 17. Four blocks of same mass connected by strings are pulled
(c) 7.5 N (d) 30 N by a force F on a smooth horizontal surface as shown in
13. Three identical blocks of masses m = 2 kg are drawn by a figure. The tension T1, T2 and T3 will be [AIIMS 2017]
force 10.2 N on a frictionless surface. What is the tension
(in N) in the string between the blocks B and C ?
[UKPMT2014]
1 3 1
(a) T1  F, T2  F, T3  F
4 2 4

1 1 1
(a) 9.2 (b) 8 (b) T1  F, T2  F, T3  F
4 2 2
(c) 3.4 (d) 9.8
3 1 1
14. Three blocks A, B and C of masses 4 kg, 2 kg and 1 kg (c) T1  F, T2  F, T3  F
4 2 4
respectively are in contact on a frictionless surface as
shown. If a force of 14 N is applied on the 4 kg block then 3 1 1
the contact force between A and B is : (NEET 2015) (d) T1  F, T2  F, T3  F
4 2 2
18. Two masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are connected
by a massless spring as shown in figure. A force of 200 N
acts on the 20 kg mass. At the instant shown is figure, the
10 kg mass has acceleration of 12 m/s2. The value of
acceleration of 20 kg mass is [JIPMER 2017 ]
(a) 6N (b) 8N
(c) 18N (d) 2N
15. A spring of force constant k is cut into lengths of ratio
1:2:3. They are connected in series and the new force
constant is k’. Then, they are connected in parallel and (a) 4 m/s2
force constant is k’’. Then k’ : k’’ is : (NEET 2017) (b) 10 m/s2
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 11 (c) 20 m/s2
(c) 1 : 14 (d) 1 : 6 (d) 30 m/s2
183 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

19. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined wedge 23. Find the maximum tension in the spring if initially spring
ABC of inclination  as shown in the figure. The wedge is at its natural length when block is released from rest.
given an acceleration ‘a’ towards the right. The relation (AIIMS 2019)
between a and  for the block to remain stationary on the
wedge is : (NEET 2018)
g
(a) a  g cos  (b) a  sin 

g
(c) a  cosec  (d) a  g tan 

20. A mass M is hung with a light inextensible string as shown

in the figure. Find the tension of the horizontal string.
[JIPMER 2018]
(a) mg (b) mg/2
(c) 3 mg/2 (d) 2 mg
24. Assertion A glass ball is dropped on concrete floor can
easily get broken compared if it is dropped on wooden
floor.
Reason On concrete floor, glass ball will take less time to
come to rest. [NEET2019]
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
correct explanation of Assertion.
(a) 2 Mg (b) 3 Mg (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not
(c) 2 Mg (d) 3 Mg the correct explanation of Assertion.
21. A body of mass 5 kg is suspended by a spring balance on an (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
inclined plane as shown in figure. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
25. A truck is stationary and has a bob suspended by a light
string, in a frame attached to the truck. The truck, suddenly
moves to the right with an acceleration of a. The pendulum
will tilt [NEET (Odisha)2019]
(a) to the left and the angle of inclination of the pendulum
So, force applied on spring balance is [AIIMS 2018]
1  g 
(a) 50 N (b) 25 N with the vertical is sin  
a
(c) 500 N (d) 10 N
 (b) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum
22. A particle moving with velocity V is acted by three forces
shown by the vector triangle PQR. The velocity of the 1  a 
with the vertical is tan  
particle will: (NEET 2019) g
(c) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum
1  a 
with the vertical is sin  
g
(d) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum
1  g 
(a) decrease with the vertical is tan  
a
(b) remain constant 26. Two bodies of mass 4 kg and 6 kg are tied to the ends of a
 massless string. The string passes over a pulley which is
(c) change according to the smallest force QR
frictionless (see figure). The acceleration of the system in
(d) increase terms of acceleration due to gravity (g) is (NEET 2020)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 184

31. In the figure given, the system is in equilibrium. What is

the maximum value that w can have if the friction force on
the 40 N block cannot exceed 12.0 N? [AMU 2012]

g g
(a) (b)
5 10
g
(c) g (d)
2 (a) 3.45 N (b) 6.92 N
Friction (c) 10.35 N (d) 12.32 N
27. Block A of mass 2 kg is placed over block B of mass 8 kg. 32. A body of mass m is placed on a rough surface with
The combination is placed over a rough horizontal coefficient of friction µ, inclined at θ. If the mass is in
surface. Coefficient of friction between B and the floor equilibrium, then [KCET 2014]
is 0.5. Coefficient of friction between the blocks A and
1
B is 0.4. A horizontal force of 10 N is applied on the (a)   tan 1  (b)   tan 1  
block B. The force of friction between the blocks A and B 
is (g = 10 ms-2) [KCET 2011]
1 m 
(c)   tan 
1
(d)   tan
m
33. A wooden block of mass 8 kg slides down an inclined plane
of inclination 30° to the horizontal with constant acceleration
0.4 m/s2 . The force of friction between the block and the
inclined plane is (take, g = 10 m/s2) [MHT CET 2014]
(a) 12.2 N
(a) 100 N (b) 40 N (b) 24.4 N
(c) 50 N (d) zero (c) 36.8 N
28. A conveyor belt is moving at a constant speed of 2 m/s. A (d) 48.8 N
box is gently dropped on it. The coefficient of friction 34. A system consists of three masses m1, m2 and m3 connected
between them is  = 0.5. The distance that the box will by a string passing cover a pulley P. The mass m1 hangs
move relative to belt before coming to rest on it, taking g = freely and m2 and m3 are on rough horizontal table (the
10 ms–2, is (AIPMT 2011) coefficient of friction = ). The pulley is frictionless and of
(a) zero (b) 0.4 m negligible mass. The downward acceleration of mass m1 is
(c) 1.2 m (d) 0.6 m (Assume m1 = m2 = m3 = m) (NEET 2014)
29. A cubical block rests on an inclined plane of coefficient of
friction   1/ 3. What should be the angle of inclination so
that the block just slides down the inclined plane?
[J & K CET 2011]
(a) 30 (b) 60
(c) 45 (d) 90
30. An object is moving on a plane surface with uniform velocity
10 ms–1 in presence of a force 10 N. The frictional force between
the object and the surface is [DUMET 2011]
(a) 1 N (b) -10 N
(c) 10 N (d) 100 N
185 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

g(1  2) g(1  g) 80

(a) (b) (a) (b) 40 3
2 9 3

2g g(1  2) 40

(c) (d) (c) (d) 80 3
3 3 3

35. A plank with a box on it at one end is gradually raised 38. A piece of ice slides down a rough inclined plane at 45°
about the other end. As the angle of inclination with the inclination in twice the time that it takes to slide down an
identical but frictionless inclined plane. What is the
horizontal reaches 30°, the box starts to slip and slides
coefficient of friction between ice and incline?
4.0m down the plank in 4.0s. The coefficient of static and
[AIIMS 2018]
kinetic friction between the box and the plank will be,
respectively. (NEET 2015) 3 4
(a) (b)
7 cot  7 cot 
3 7
(c) (d)
4 cot  9 cot 
39. Assertion Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting
friction.
Reason When a body is just at the point of motion, the
(a) 0.4 and 0.3 (b) 0.6 and 0.6 force of friction of this stage is called as limiting friction.
(c) 0.6 and 0.5 (d) 0.5 and 0.6 [AIIMS 2018]
36. A body takes times t to reach the bottom of an inclined (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
plane of angle  with the horizontal. If the plane is made the correct explanation of Assertion
rough, time taken now is 2t. The coefficient of friction of (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
the rough surface is : (NEET 2016) not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
3 2
(a) tan  (b) tan  (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
4 3
40. A body of mass m is kept on a rough horizontal surface
1 1 (coefficient of friction = µ). Horizontal force is applied on
(c) tan  (d) tan 
4 2 the body, but it does not move. The resultant of normal
37. A box of mass 8 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane of reaction and the frictional force acting on the object is
inclination 30°. Its downward motion can be prevented by given F, where F is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
applying a horizontal force F, then value of F for which
(a) F  mg  mg
friction between the block and the incline surface is minimum,
is [JIPMER 2017] (b) F  mg

(c) F  mg 1   2

(d) F  mg
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 186

EXERCISE–3: Achiever’s Section

1. A man of mass 60 kg is standing on a horizontal conveyor 5. Three masses of 1 kg, 6 kg and 3 kg are connected to each
belt. When the belt is given an acceleration of 1 ms–2, the other with threads and are placed on a table as shown in
man remains stationary with respect to the moving belt. If figure. If g = 10 ms–2, the acceleration with which the system
g = 10 ms–2, the net force acting on the man is : is moving is

–2
a = 1 ms

(a) zero (b) 120 N

(c) 60 N (d) 600 N
2. A particle of mass 0.3 kg is subjected to a force F = – kx
with k = 15 Nm–1. What will be its initial accleration, if it is
(a) zero (b) 1 ms–2
released from a point 20 cm away the origin ?
(c) 2 ms–2 (d) 3 ms–2
(a) 3 ms–2 (b) 15 ms–2
6. Two fixed frictionless inclined plane making an angle 30°
(c) 5 ms–2 (d) 10 ms–2
3. A mass of 3 kg descending vertically downward supports and 60° with the vertical are shown in the figure. Two blocks
a mass of 2 kg by means of a light string passing over a A and B are placed on the two planes. What is the relative
pulley. At the end of 5 s the string breaks. How much high vertical acceleration of A with respect to B ?
from now the 2 kg mass will go ? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(a) 4.9 m (b) 9.8 m
(c) 16.9 m (d) 2.45 m
4. A boby of mass m is suspended by two strings making
angles  and  with the horizontal. Tensions in the two
strings are

(a) 4.9 ms–2 in horizontal direction

(b) 9.8 ms–2 in vertical direction
(c) zero
(d) 4.9 ms–2 in vertical direction
7. Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 4.8 kg tied to a string are
hanging over a light frictionless pulley. What is the
acceleration of the masses when lift is free to move ?
(g = 9.8 ms–2)

mg cos 
(a) T1   T2
sin   

mg sin 
(b) T1   T2
sin   

mg cos  mg cos 
(c) T1  , T2 
sin    sin    
(a) 0.2 ms–2 (b) 9.8 ms–2
(d) none of these
(c) 5 ms–2 (d) 4.8 ms–2
187 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

8. A light string passing over a smooth light pulley connects 11. Find the tension T needed to hold the cart in equilibrium,
two blocks of masses m1 and m2 (vertically). If the if there is no friction
acceleration of the system is g/8, then the ratio of the
masses is :
(a) 8 : 1 (b) 9 : 7
(c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
9. A string of negligible mass going over a clamped pulley of
mass m supports a block of mass M as shown in the figure.
The force on the pulley by the clamp is given by :
3 2
(a) W (b) W
4 2
m
2 4
(c) W (d) W
3 3
12. In the arrangement shown, if the surface is smooth, the
M acceleration of the block m2 will be

(a) 2 Mg (b) 2 mg m1
(c) M  m   m g2 2 (d)  M  m 2  M 2  g
 
10. Two particles of mass m each are tied at the ends of a light
string of length 2a. The whole system is kept on a
frictionless horizontal surface with the string held tight so m2
that each mass is at a distance a from the cener P (as
shown in the figure). Now, the mid-point of the string is m 2g
(a) 4m  m
pulled vertically upwards with a small but constant force 1 2
F. As a result, the particles moves towards each other on 2m 2 g
the surface. The magnitude of acceleration, when the (b) 4m  m
1 2
separation between them becomes 2 x is
2m 2 g
(c) m  4m
1 2

2m1g
(d) m  m
1 2

13. A ball is suspended by a thread from the ceiling of a car.

The brakes are applied and the speed of the car changes
uniformly from 10 m/s to zero in 5s. The angle by which the
ball deviates from the vertical (g = 10 m/s2) is :
F a 1  1  1  1 
(a) 2m (a) tan   (b) sin  
a  x2
2
 3 5
F x
(b) 2m 1  1  1  1 
a  x2
2
(c) tan   (d) cot  
5  3
F x
(c) 14. In the arrangement shown, the pulleys are fixed and ideal,
2m a
the strings are light m1 > m2 and S is a spring balance
F a2  x2 which is itself massless. The reading of S (in unit of mass)
(d)
2m x is: (g = 10m/s2)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 188

(a) 1.2 m/s (b) 2.4 m/s

(c) 1.8 m/s (d) 3.6 m/s
18. Two blocks each of mass m in the device are pulled by a
force F = mg/2 as shown in figure. All the contact surface
are smooth. The acceleration of block A is

(a) 100 N (b) 200 N

200 400
(c) N (d) N
3 3
15. In the figure, the blocks A, B and C of mass m each have
acceleration a1, a2 and a3 respectively. F1 and F2 are external
forces of magnitudes 2 mg and mg respectively. 5 3
(a) g (b) g
4 2
g g
(c) (d)
2 4
19. A sphere of mass m is held between two smooth inclined
3
walls. For sin 37° = , the normal reaction of the wall (2) is
5
m m m equal to :
A B C

F1 = 2mg 2m m
F2 = mg

(a) a1 = a2 = a3 (b) a1 > a3 > a2

(c) a1 = a2, a2 > a3 (d) a1 > a2, a2 = a3
16. In the device the acceleration of block A is 1 m/s2. The
acceleration of block B will be
16 mg 25 mg
(a) (b)
25 21
39 mg
(c) (d) mg
25
20. A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. It is
subjected to a force F (t) = f0e–bt in the x direction. It speed
v(t) is depicted by which of the following curves ?

(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2

2
(c) 4 m/s (d) 6 m/s2
17. A block A has a velocity of 0.6 m/s to the right, determine
thevelocity of cylinder B.
189 LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

21. Two blocks A and B are placed on a table and joined by a 25. If  is coefficient of friction between the tyres and road,
string (figure). The limiting friction for both blocks is F. then the minimum stopping distance for a car of mass m
The tension in the string is T. The forces of friction acting moving with velocity V is
on the blocks are FA and FB. An external horizontal force P V2
= 3F/2 acts on A, directed away from B. Then (a)  V g (b)
2 g

V
(c) V2 g (d) 2 g .

3F F 26. Two blocks are connected over a massless pulley as shown

(a) FA  FB  T  (b) FA  , FB  F, T  F
4 2 in figure. The mass of block A is 10 kg and the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.2. Block A slides down the incline at
F F
(c) FA  FB  3 , T  0 (d) FA  F, FB  T  constant speed. The mass of block B in kg is
4 2
22. For the arrangement shown in the figure the tension in the
string is

A
B
m = 1 kg
30°
(a) 3.5 (b) > 2.5
37° (c) 3.3 (d) 3.0
27. A wedge of mass 2m and a cube of mass m are shown in
(a) 6N (b) 6.4 N figure. Between cube and wedge, there is no friction. The
(c) 0.4 N (d) zero minimum coefficient of friction between wedge and ground
so that wedge does not move is
23. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the
block shown in the arrangement, does not move ?
m
m  3 kg
F 1
o 
60 2 3
2m

(a) 20 N (b) 10 N
= 45o
(c) 12 N (d) 15 N
24. The system is pushed by a force F as shown in figure All (a) 0.10 (b) 0.20
surfaces are smooth except between B and C. Friction (c) 0.25 (d) 0.50
coefficient between B and C is . Minimum value of F to 28. A homogeneous chain of length L lies on a table. The
prevent block B from downward slipping is coefficient of friction between the chain and the table is .
A B C The maximum length which can hang over the table in
F
2m
m
2m
equilibrium is

   1  
(a)  L (b)  L
 3   5    1   
(a)   mg (b)   mg
 2   2  1    2 
(c)  L (d)  L
5 3 1    2  1 
(c)    mg (d)    mg
2 2
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 190

29. A block of mass m is kept on an inclined plane of a lift 30. A parabolic bowl with its bottom at origin has the shape
moving down with acceleration of 2 m/s2. What should be
the coefficient of friction to let the block move down with x2
y . Here, x and y are in metres. The maximum height
constant velocity relative to lift : 20
at which a small mass m can be placed on the bowl without
slipping (coefficient of static friction is 0.5) is :
y (vertical)

1
(a)   (b)   0.4 x (horizontal)
3
(a) 2.5 m (b) 1.25 m
3
(c)   0.8 (d)   (c) 1.0 m (d) 4.0 m
2
ANSWER KEY 198

Answer Key
CHAPTER 4: LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION

EXERCISE – 1:
Basic Objective Questions
73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (d)

77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (a) 80. (c)

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
81. (d) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (a)
5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d)
85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (b) 88. (a)
9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b)
89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (a) 92. (d)
13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (a)
93. (c) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (d)
17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a)
97. (a) 98. (c) 99. (a) 100. (a)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a)
101. (a) 102. (d) 103. (a) 104. (a)
25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (b)
105. (b) 106. (b) 107. (a) 108. (a)
29. (c) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (b)
109. (d) 110. (b) 111. (a) 112. (c)
33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (b) 36. (d)
113. (a) 114. (a) 115. (c) 116. (d)
37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
117. (c) 118. (a) 119. (c) 120. (a)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (a)
121. (d) 122. (b) 123. (b) 124. (c)
45. (a) 46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (d)
125 (a) 126. (b) 127. (a) 128. (b)
49. (c) 50. (c) 51. (a) 52. (b)
129 (c) 130. (b) 131. (a) 132. (c)
53. (b) 54. (d) 55. (b) 56. (d)
133 (c) 134. (d) 135. (a) 136. (a)
57. (b) 58. (d) 59. (a) 60. (c)
137 (a) 138. (d) 139. (c) 140. (b)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (c)
141. (a) 142. (a) 143. (a) 144. (a)
65. (b) 66. (c) 67. (a) 68. (c)
145 (c) 146. (a) 147. (a) 148. (c)
69. (c) 70. (b) 71. (d) 72. (c)
149. (b) 150. (a)
 ANSWER KEY 199

EXERCISE – 2: EXERCISE – 3:
Previous Year Questions Achiever’s Section

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c)

5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (b)

9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (a) 9. (d) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (a)

13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (b)

17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (b)

21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (b)

25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (a)

29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (a) 29. (a) 30. (b)

33. (c) 34. (d) 35. (c) 36. (a)

37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (c)

LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 1

EXERCISE–1: Basic Objective Questions

ur ur
Newton’s Laws of Motion Q F = 6iˆ - 8 ˆj + 10kˆ Þ F = 6 2 + 82 + 102
1. When a bus suddenly take a turn, the passengers are ur
Þ F = 200 = 10 2 N
thrown outwards because of :
(a) speed of motion (b) inertia of motion F 10 2
Q a = 1m / s 2 Þ m = =
(c) acceleration of motion (d) none of these a 1
Ans. (b) \ mass = 10 2kg
Sol. Correct answer is option b) because of inertia body will 5. The velocity of a bullet is reduced from 200 m/s to 100 m/s
continue with constant velocity until any force act on it. while travelling through a wooden block of thickness 10
For example when bus is moving straight all passenger cm. Assuming it to be uniform, the retardation will be :
has velocity in straight line but when bus takes turn, due 4 2 4 2
to inertia passenger will still be moving in straight be- (a) 15 × 10 m/s (b) 10 × 10 m/s
4 2 2
cause no force acts on them. (c) 12 × 10 m/s (d) 14.5 m/s
2. A person swimming in a fresh water pool is obeying : Ans. (a)
(a) Newton’s second law (b) Gravitational law Sol. Motion of bullet gets decelerated while passing through
(c) Newton’s third law (d) Newton’s first law wooden block of 10 cm thickness.
Ans. (c) Initial velocity, u = 200 m/sec
Sol. According to Newton’s third law every action has an equal Final velocity, v = 100 m/sec
and opposite reaction in this case, when swimmer pushes
Distance travelled through wooden block, d = 10 cm = 0.1 m
water backwards, water will push the swimmer forward.
So, option (c) is correct. Using Newton’s equation of motion;
2 2
3. The passenger move forward when train stops, due to : Þ v = u - 2 as
(a) inertia of passenger u -v
2 2 2
200 - 100
2
4 2
Þa= = = 15 ´ 10 m / s
(b) inertia of train 2s 2 ´ 0.1
(c) gravitational pull by earth Thus retardation will be a = 15 ´ 10 m / s
4 2

(d) none of these 6. A body of mass 2 kg is moving with a velocity 8 m/s on a

Ans. (a) smooth surface. If it is to be brought to rest in 4 s. Then
Sol. Correct answer is option a) because of inertia body will the force to be applied is :
continue with constant velocity until any force act on it, (a) 7 N (b) 2 N
For example, when a train is moving, passengers also move (c) 4 N (d) 8 N
along with it. When the train stops, the lower part of the
Ans. (c)
body of the passenger comes to rest. But the upper part
of the body continues in motion because of inertia Sol. Mass of body, m = 2kg
4. A force vector applied on a mass is represented by Initial velocity, u = 8 m/s
r Final velocity, v = 0 m/s
F = 6 î - 8 ˆj + 10 k̂ and the force accelerates the mass at 1
Applying Newton’s equation of motion;
m/s2. What is the mass of the body?
Þ v = u - at
(a) 10 kg (b) 10 2 kg
Þ 0 = 8- a´ 4
(c) 2 10 kg (d) 20 kg 8 2
Þa= = 2m / s
Ans. (b) 4
Sol. By newton’s 2nd law F = ma Thus required retardation (a) is 2m/s2.
So required force to stop the body will be,
F = ma = 2 ´ 2 = 4 N
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 2

7. A body of mass 0.1 kg attains a velocity of 10 m/s in 0.1 s. Ans. (c)

The force acting on the body is: Sol. Applied force on a body is given by;
(a) 10 N (b) 0.01 N
Þ F = ma
(c) 0.1 N (d) 100 N
It always involves acceleration term. Since in the above
Ans. (a) question, car is moving with uniform velocity of 30 km/hr,
Sol. Mass of body, m = 0.1kg then car is not moving under any acceleration.
Initial velocity, u = 0 m/sec. So, net resultant force on the car will be zero.
Final velocity, v = 10 m/sec. 10. Three forces acting on a body are shown in the figure.
Time taken to reach final velocity, t = 0.1 sec. To have the resultant force only along the y–direction,
So, we can find the acceleration as; the magnitude of the minimum additional force needed is

Þv=u+at
Þ 10 = 0 + a ´ 0.1
2
Þ a = 100 m / s

Thus applied force on the body will be;

Þ F = ma = 0.1 ´ 100 = 10 N
8. The average force necessary to stop a bullet of 20 gm at a
speed of 250 m/s as it penetrates wood to a distance of
12 cm is :
6 6
(a) 2.2 × 10 N (b) 3.2 × 10 N (a) 0.5 N (b) 1.5 N
6
(c) 4.2 × 10 N
3
(d) 5.2 × 10 N (c) 4 N (d) 3 N
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Forces that are acting along ox
Sol. Initial velocity of bullet, u = 250 m/s
Final velocity of bullet, v = 0 m/s
åF x =0
1cos 60 + 2 cos 60 - 4 cos 60 + F = 0
Mass of bullet, m = 20 gm
1 1 1
Penetration depth, s = 0.12 m 0 = + 2´ - 4 + F
2 2 2
Using Newton’s equation; F = 0.5 N
2 2
Þ v = u - 2 as
2
Þ 0 = 250 - 2 ´ 0.12 ´ a
2
Þ a = 260416.66 m / s
Thus average necessary force will be;
–3 3
Þ F = ma = 20 ´ 10 ´ 260416.66 = 5.2 ´ 10 N
9. When a car moves on a road with uniform speed of 30 km/
h, then the net resultant force on the car is :
(a) the driving force that drives the car in the direction of 11. When a 4 kg rifle is fired, the 10 g bullet receives an
acceleration of 3 ´ 106 cm/s2. The magnitude of the force
propagation of car acting on the rifle (in newton)is
(b) the resistive force that acts opposite to the direction (a) zero (b) 120
of propagation of car (c) 300 (d) 3000
(c) zero Ans: (c)
(d) none of the above
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 3
Sol: Using Newton’s third law, bullet will apply the same force Sol: u y = 40 m / s, Fy = -5N, m = 5 kg
in the opposite direction.
Fy
10 So, a y = = -1m / s 2
So using F = ma = ´ 3 ´ 106 ´10-2 = 300 N m
1000
\ v y = 40 - 1´ t = 0 Þ t = 40sec
12. A force F1 acts on a particle so as to accelerate it from rest
to velocity v. The force F1 is then replaced by F2 which 15. Same force acts on two bodies of different masses 3 kg
decelerates it to rest. and 5 kg initially at rest. The ratio of time required to
(a) F1 must be equal to F2 acquire same final velocity is
(b) F1 may be equal to F2 (a) 5 : 3 (b) 25 : 9
(c) F1 must be unequal to F2 (c) 9 : 25 (d) 3 : 5
(d) none of these Ans: (d)
Ans: (b) Sol: From Newton’s second law,
Sol: dp mv
F F= =
v 2 = 0 + 1 s1 ....(i) dt t
m
F mv
0 = v 2 - 2 s2 ...(ii) Þ t= Þtµm
m F
By equation (i) and (ii) (Q Final velocity and force are same)
F1s1 = F2 s 2 Given, m1 = 3 kg, m2 = 5 kg
F1 can be equal to F2 if s1 = s2. t1 m1 t1 3
ur uur uur uur uur Hence t = m Þ t = 5
13. Five forces F1 , F2 , F3 , F4 and F5 are acting on a particle of 2 2 2

mass 2.0 kg so that it is moving with 4m / s 2 in east 16. If a body loses half of its velocity on penetrating 3 cm
ur in a wooden block, then how much will it penetrate more
direction. If F1 force is removed, then the acceleration before coming to rest?
becomes 7m / s 2 in north, then the acceleration of the (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm
ur
block if only F1 is acting will be: (c) 3 cm (d) 74 N
Ans. (a)
(a) 16 m / s 2
(b) 65 m / s 2
Sol. Let the acceleration due to retarding force exerted by
(c) 260 m / s 2 (d) 33 m / s 2 -F
Ans: (b) wooden block is a = uniform.
m
Sol: r r r r r Let, initial velocity = u and on travelling S1 = 3 cm final
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 + F5 = 2 4iˆ i
r r r r u
and F 2 + F3 + F4 + F5 = 2 7ˆj ii velocity become due to retardation
2
r
From i and ii , F1 = 8i$ - 14$j
So,
r Qv 2 = u 2 + 2as
r F1
a1 = = 4i$ - 7$j 2
m æuö
Þ ç ÷ = u 2 - 2aS1
Þ a1 = 16 + 49 = 65m / s 2 è2ø
14. A body of mass 5 kg starts from the origin with an initial u2 3 3 u2
ur Þ - u 2 = -2aS1 Þ - u 2 = -2aS1 Þ S1 =
velocity u = (30iˆ + 40j)ms
ˆ -1
. If a constant force 4 4 8 a
ur When it stops completely final velocity = 0
F = -(iˆ + 5ˆj)N acts on the body, the time in which the y–
component of the velocity becomes zero is So, 0 2 = u 2 - 2aS 2
(a) 5 seconds (b) 20 seconds
(c) 40 seconds (d) 80 seconds
Ans: (c)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 4

u2
Þ S2 = ....(2)
2a
S 1 8 4 4 4
Þ 2 = ´ = Þ S 2 = S1 = ´ 3cm ....(2)
S1 2 3 3 3 3
Þ S 2 = 4cm
So option (a) is correct as required distance is
Identify the correct surface profile:
S2 - S1 = 1cm .
(a) (b)
17. A ship of mass 3 × 107 kg initially at rest is pulled by a force
of 5 × 104 N through a distance of 3 m. Assuming that the
resistance due to water is negligible, what will be the speed
of the ship ?
(a) 0.1 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
(c) (d)
(c) 5 m/s (d) 0.2 m/s
Ans. (a)
Sol. When ship is pulled by force F then its acceleration

F 5 ´10 4 Ans: (a)

a= =
m 3 ´ 107 Sol: In figure no. (a) and (c), a constant force equal to mg sinq
5 1 is required. After reaching the highest point, in case of
Þa= = m / s2 figure (c), no force is required but in case of figure (a),
3000 600
body travels on its own. In this way, figure (a) represents
Q initial speed = 0, so by v 2 = u 2 + 2 as the given F- x curve.
20. A particle moves in the xy-plane under the action of a
1 1 1 force F such that the components of its linear momentum
Þ v 2 = 02 + 2 ´ ´ 3 Þ v2 = Þv = m/s
` 600 100 10
p at any time t are p x = 2 cos t , p y = 2sin t . The angle
Þ v = 0.1 m / s
between F and p at time t is
18. A constant force acts on a body of mass 0.9 kg at rest for (a) 90°
10 s. If the body moves a distance of 250 m, the magnitude (b) 0°
of the force is
(c) 180°
(a) 3 N (b) 3.5 N (d) 30°
(c) 4 N (d) 4.5 N Ans: (a)
Ans. (d) r
Sol. Given that p = p x ˆi + p y ˆj = 2 cos t ˆi + 2sin t ˆj
Sol. Let the constant force magnitude is F
r dpr
F \F= = -2sin t ˆi + 2 cos t ˆj
So acceleration a = dt
0.9
rr r r
1 2 Now, F.p = 0 i.e. angle between F and p is 90°.
Q s = ut + at
2 21. Figure shows the displacement of a particle going along
1 F the X-axis as a function of time. The force acting on the
Þ 250 = 0 ´ 10 + ´ ´ 10 2
2 0.9 particle is zero in the region
F
Þ 250 = ´100
2 ´ 0.9
500 ´ 0.9
ÞF=
100
Þ F = 4.5N
19. A person used force (F), shown in the figure to move a
load with a constant velocity on a given surface.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 5
along x-axis.

DPx = - mv cos 60o - mv cos 60°

= - mv cos 60°´ 2
1
= - mv ´ ´ 2
2
= - mv
(a) AB (b) BC
Þ DPx = mv
(c) CE (d) DE
So average force on the wall is
Ans: (a)
Sol: In region AB and CD, slope of the graph is constant i.e. DPx mv 1 12
Favg = = = ´
velocity is constant. It means no force acting on the Dt t 2 0.25
particle in this region. Favg = 6 ´ 4 = 24 N
22. A 0.5 kg ball moving with a speed of 12 m/s strikes a hard 23. A monkey of mass 20 kg is holding a vertical rope. The
wall at an angle of 30o with the wall. It is reflected with the rope will not break when a mass of 25 kg is suspended
same speed and at the same angle, as shown in fig. If the from it but will break, if the mass exceeds 25 kg. What is
ball is in contact with the wall for 0.25 s, the average force the maximum acceleration with which the monkey can climb
acting on the wall is up along therope? (g = 10 m/s2)
2 2
(a) 25 m/s (b) 2.5 m/s
2 2
(c) 5 m/s (d) 10 m/s
Ans. (b)
Sol. Force required to break the rope,
T = mg
= 25 ´ 10
= 250 N
According to Newton’s law
(a) 96 N (b) 48 N
T = F +W
(c) 24 N (d) 12 N
T = ma + mg
Ans. (c)
250 = 20 a + 10
Sol.
250
a= - 10
20
a = 2.5ms -2
24. Assertion : Sportsman runs some distance before taking
a long jump.
Reason : Because of inertia body remains in state of motion
or rest.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans. (a)
No change in linear momentum component parallel to wall
Sol. Because of inertia body will continue with constant
along y-axis DPy = 0 velocity or in rest until any force act on it, for example
when sportsman runs some distance his body is in
Change in linear momentum component to ^ r wall i.e. motion and it will continue until any force act on it.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 6
So, for taking long jump sportsman need running hence Reason: According to Newton’s third law of motion, for
assertion and reason both are correct. every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
25. Assertion: Inertia is the property by virtue of which the (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
body is unable to change its state by itself. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Reason: The bodies do not change their state unless (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
acted upon by an unbalanced external force. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (b)
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Sol: The wings of the airplane push the external air backwards
and the airplane moves forward by reaction of pushed air.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
At low altitudes, density of air is high and so the airplane
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. gets sufficient force to move forward.
Ans: (a) Force
Sol. Inertia is the property by virtue of which the body is 29. A balloon of weight w is falling vertically downward with
unable to change by itself; not only in the state of rest
a constant acceleration a (<g). The magnitude of the air
but also in the state of motion.
resistance is :
26. Assertion: If the net external force on the body is zero
then its acceleration is also zero. æ aö
(a) w (b) w ç1 + ÷
Reason: Acceleration does not depend on force. è gø
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. æ aö a
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (c) w ç1 - ÷ (d) w
è gø g
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Ans. (c)
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. Sol.
Ans: (c)
Sol: According to Newton’s second law,
Force
Acceleration =
Mass
That is, if net external force on the body is zero then
acceleration will be zero.
27. Assertion: Newton’s second law of motion gives the
measurement of force.
FR = air resistance
Reason: According to Newton’s second law of motion,
force is directly proportional to the rate of change of W
momentum. Q W = mg Þ m =
g
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. From F.B.D. of balloon
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. W - FR = ma
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. W
Þ W - FR = a
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. g
Ans: (a) æ aö
dp Þ FR = W ç 1 - ÷
Sol: According to second law, F = = ma. è gø
dt
If we know the values of m and a, the force acting on the It is the magnitude of air resistance.
body can be calculated and hence second law gives that
30. A lift of mass 1000 kg is moving upwards with an
how much force is applied on the body. 2
acceleration of 1m/s . The tension developed in the string
28. Assertion: Airplanes always fly at low altitudes.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 7
2
which is connected to lift is? (g = 9.8 m/s ) (d) as the force applied is internal to the system
(a) 9800 N (b) 10800 N Ans. (d)
(c) 11000 N (d) 10000 N Sol. Newton’s laws of motion explain the behavior of a body
Ans. (b) under an externally applied force.
Sol. According to Newton’s second law, So, when student is trying to pull himself up by tugging
on his hair, he will not succeed because he is applying
T = w+ F
this force internally. There is no external force applied on
= mg + ma
him.
=m g+a
34. A sphere is accelerated upwards with the help of a cord
= 1000 9.8 + 1 whose breaking strength is five times its weight. The
T = 10800 N maximum acceleration with which the sphere can move up
31. The mass of a lift is 2000 kg. When the tension in the without cord breaking is
supporting cable is 28000 N, then its acceleration is (a) 4g (b) 3g
(a) 30ms -2 downwards (b) 4ms -2 upwards (c) 2g (d) g
Ans. (a)
(c) 4ms -2 downwards (d) 14ms -2 upwards
Sol.
Ans. (b)
Sol. Let’s set the equilibrium condition
T = F +W
T = ma + mg
T - mg
a=
m
28000 - 2000 ´10
a=
2000
a = 4ms -2
Acceleration is positive so lift will go upward.
When sphere accelerates up with constant acceleration
32. A man of mass 50 kg carries a bag of weight 40 N on his
shoulder. The force with which the floor pushes up his ‘a’ then
feet will be T - mg = ma
(a) 882 N (b) 530 N T = m g +a
(c) 90 N (d) 600 N
Q Tmax = 5 g Þ 5mg = m g + a
Ans: (b)
Þ a = 5 g- g Þ a = 4 g
Sol: N = m1g + m2g = 50 (9.8) + 40 = 490 + 40 = 530 N
35. A uniform rope of mass m hangs freely from a ceiling. A
bird of mass M climbs up the rope with an acceleration a.
The force exerted by the rope on the ceiling is :

33. A student unable to answer a question on Newton’s laws

of motion attempts to pull himself up by tugging on his
hair. He will not succeed :
(a) as the force exerted is small
(a) Ma + mg
(b) the frictional force while gripping is small (b) M (a + g) + mg
(c) Newton’s law of inertia is not applicable to living beings (c) M (a + g)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 8
(d) dependent on the position of bird on the rope
Ans. (b)
Sol.

For mass m to be at rest, net force on m should be zero

so T = F2 + m2 g 2
37. A man slides down a light rope whose breaking strength
is h times the weight of man (h < 1). The maximum
When bird climbs up the rope with acceleration a then acceleration of the man so that the rope just break is
T-Mg=Ma (a) g(1 - h) (b) g (1 + h)
Þ T=M(g+a) g
The force exerted by rope on the ceiling is = T + mg (c) gh (d) h
= M (g+a) + mg
Ans: (a)
Sol: Given that Tmax = hw
Using Fnet = ma

w
w - Tmax = a
g
Tmax = hw
So a = g (1 - h)
38. Figure shows two blocks connected by a light inextensible
string as shown in figure. A force of 10 N is applied on the
bigger block at 60° with horizontal, then the tension in
36. In the following figure, the object of mass m is held at rest the string connecting the two masses is
by a horizontal force as shown. The force exerted by the
string on the block is

(a) 5 N (b) 2 N
(c) 1 N (d) 3 N
Ans: (b)
Sol: Fnet = Ma
(a) F (b) mg (10 cos 60°) = (3 + 2) a
a = 1 m/s2
(c) F + mg (d) F2 + m 2 g 2
Ans: (d)
Sol:

T = 2(1) = 2 N
39. What is the acceleration of 3 kg mass when acceleration
of 2 kg mass is 2 m/s2 as shown?
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 9
Thus, mg – T = ma
Also, T = 75% of weight of monkey

æ 75 ö 3
T=ç ÷ mg = mg
è 100 ø 4
æ3ö 1 g
(a) 3 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2 \ ma = mg - ç ÷ mg = mg or a =
4
è ø 4 4
(c) 0.5 m/s2 (d) zero
Ans: (b) 42. A light spring balance hangs from the hook of the other
Sol: light spring balance and a block of mass M kg hangs from
the former one. Then the true statement about the scale
reading is:
(a) Both the scales read M/2 kg each
(b) Both the scales read M kg each
(c) The scale of the lower one reads M kg and of the
For 2 kg 10 – T = 2(2)
upper one zero
T = 10 – 4 = 6 N
(d) The reading of the two scales can be anything but the
For 3 kg T = 3(a)
sum of the reading will be M kg
6 = 3a
Ans: (b)
a = 2 m/s2
Sol: As the spring balance are massless therefore both the
40. A mass of 1 kg is suspended by a thread. It is
scales read M kg each.
(i) lifted up with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2
43. A body of mass 60 kg suspended by means of three
(ii) lowered with an acceleration 4.9 m/s2. strings, P, Q and R as shown in the figure is in equilibrium.
The ratio of the tensions in the thread is (T1 : T2, where T1 The tension in the string P is
is the tension when the load is moving upwards and T2,
that when the load is moving downwards)
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
Ans: (c)
Sol: Upward acceleration, ma = T1 – mg
T1 = m (g + a)
Downward acceleration, ma = mg – T2
Or T2 = m (g – a)
(a) 130.9 g N (b) 60 g N
T1 g + a 9.8 + 4.9 3 (c) 50 g N (d) 103.9 g N
= = =
T2 g - a 9.8 - 4.9 1 Ans: (d)
41. A monkey is descending from the branch of a tree with Sol: The free body diagram of mass M is shown in figure
constant acceleration. If the breaking strength is 75% of
the weight of the monkey, the minimum acceleration with
which monkey can slide down without breaking the
branch is
3g
(a) g (b)
4

g g
(c) (d)
4 2
Ans: (c)
Sol: Let T be the tension in the branch of a tree when monkey Taking component of force
is descending with acceleration a
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 10
R cos q = Mg
Þ R cos 60° = Mg …(i)
And R sin 60° = T …(ii)
By Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

T
Þ tan 60° =
Mg
Þ T = Mg tan 60°

Or T = 60 ´ g ´ 3 = 103.9 gN Considering the equilibrium of bird

44. Ten coins are placed on top of each other on a horizontal

table. If the mass of each coin is 10 g and acceleration due
to gravity is 10 ms–2, what is the magnitude and direction
of the force on the 7th coin (counted from the bottom) due
to all the coins above it ?
(a) 0.3 N downwards (b) 0.3 N upwards
(c) 0.7 N downwards (d) 0.7 N upwards
Ans. (a)
Sol.
W
2T cosθ =W Þ T=
2cosθ
W
\ cosθ <1 Þ T >
2
46. A weight Mg is suspended from the middle of a rope
whose ends are at the same level. The rope is no longer
horizontal. The minimum tension required to completely
straighten the rope is
Mg
(a) (b) Mg cosq
2
(c) 2Mg cosq (d) Infinitely large
Ans: (d)
Sol:
Let us consider upper 3 coins as a system then force
exerted by 7th coin on the 8th coin is N.
From F.B.D. of upper 3 blocks
N = 3mg
10
= 3´ ´10 = 0.3 N
1000 2T cosq = mg
Hence the reactionary force of N = 0.3 newton acts mg
T= …(i)
on 7th coin in downwards direction. 2 cos q
45. When a bird of weight W sits on a stretched wire, the To make this string completely straight
tension T in the wire is
W
(a) > (b) = W
2
(c) < W (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
Sol.
q = 90°
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 11
In (i) q = 90° Sol:

mg
T= ȴ
2 cos90°

47. Tension in the rope at the rigid support is (g = 10 m/s2)

r
Fnet
Acceleration of the system =
m

32 - 20
= = 4m/s 2
3
Free body diagram of 20 cm part

Total mass
Mass of 20 cm part m ' = Total length ´ 20 cm

3
= 20 = 2 kg
(a) 760 N (b) 1360 N 30
(c) 1580 N (d) 1620 N Using equation
Ans: (c) 32 – T = 2(4)
Sol: For 40 kg T = 24 N
400 – T1 = 40 49. A metal sphere is hung by a string fixed to a wall. The
T1 = 360 N forces acting on the sphere are shown in figure. Which of
the following statements is NOT correct?
For 50 kg
500 + T1 – T2 = 0
Þ T2 = 860 N
For 60 kg Þ T3 – 600 – T2 = 60 × 2
T3 = 1580 N
T3 will be the tension at the topmost point on the rigid
support
48. Figure shows a uniform rod of length 30 cm having a
mass 3.0 kg. The rod is pulled by constant force of 20 N r r r
(a) N + T + W = 0 (b) T2 = N2 + W2
and 32 N as shown. Find the force exerted by 20 cm part
of the rod on the 10 cm part (all surfaces are smooth) is (c) T = N + W (d) N = W tanq
Ans: (c)
Sol: As the body is in equilibrium, so vector sum of all three
r r r
forces N , T and W should be zero. Hence (a) is correct.
Now
T sin q = N (1)
(a) 36 N (b) 12 N
T cos q = W (2)
(c) 64 N (d) 24 N
Ans: (d)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 12
\T1 = T2 = T (let)
Again, T1 sin 30° + T2 sin 30° = 10
And 2T sin 30° = 10

1
Þ 2T. = 10
2
Þ T = 10 N
Thus, the tension in section BC and BF are 10 N and 10 N
respectively.
51. Assertion: Two blocks kept side by side and moving with
the same acceleration may have contact force between
N them.
(1) ÷ (2) Þ tan q =
W Reason: If external force acting on one of the two blocks
Þ N = w tan ?. Hence (d) is correct. causes same acceleration in both of them, then contact
Squaring and adding (1) and (2): T2 = N2 + W2 force exists between them.
Hence (b) is correct (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Hence (c) is incorrect. is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Body is in equilibrium so sum of all forces applied on (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
body is zero. is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
50. The below figure is the part of a horizontally stretched (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
net. Section AB is stretched with a force of 10 N. The (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
tensions in the sections BC and BF are Ans: (a)
Sol If two body moves with the same acceleration then they
act as a single system which is possible only when they
are bound by a contact force.
52. Assertion: A monkey slides down a vertical rope with
constant acceleration (< g). The tension force on the
monkey is in the upward direction.
Reason: In assertion, net force on the monkey is in the
downward direction.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
(a) 10 N, 11 N
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) 10 N, 6 N
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
(c) 10 N, 10 N is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(d) Cannot be calculated due to insufficient data (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Ans: (c) (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Sol: As shown in figure Ans: (b)
Sol Tension in string is always away from the body so it will
act upwards and net force will act in the downwards
direction but this is not the reason for direction of tension
force.
53. A rope of length L and mass M is hanging from a rigid
support. The tension in the rope at a distance x from the
rigid support is :

æL-xö
(a) Mg (b) ç ÷ Mg
è L ø

T1 cos 30° = T2 cos 30° æ L ö x

(c) ç ÷ Mg (d) Mg
èL-xø L
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 13
Ans. (b) weight of the object that can be sustained without
Sol. breaking the string is :
(a) 10 N (b) 20 N
(c) 20 2 N (b) 40 N
Ans. (b)
Sol.

M
Mass per unit length of rope is =
L
Let the internal tension in the rope at a distance x from
the rigid support is T . Now considering the F.B.D. of Considering the equilibrium of block of mass ‘ m ’
section PB 2T cos 60o = mg
M T = mg …(1)
T = m ¢g Þ T = (L – x) g
L
QTmax = 20 N Þ 20 N = mg = maximum weight
56. A block of mass 10 kg is suspended by three strings as
shown in the figure. The tension T2 is :

100
54. A body of mass m is acted upon by a force F and the (a) 100 N (b) N
acceleration produced is a. If three forces each equal to F 3
and inclined to each other at 120o act on the same body,
(c) 3 ×100 N (d) 50 3 N
the acceleration produced will be
Ans. (d)
(a) a / 3 (b) 2a
Sol.
(c) 3a (d) zero
Ans. (d)
Sol. According to the given condition F = ma …(1)
Three force inclined to 120° f same magnitude will have
zero resultant. So, acceleration produced = 0 .

By lami’s theorem
55. An object is resting at the bottom of two strings which
are inclined at an angle of 120° with each other. Each
string can withstand a tension of 20 N. The maximum
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 14

T1 T2 T3
= =
sin 90° sin120° sin150°
T T
Þ T1 = 2 = 3
3 1
2 2
3
Þ T2 = T1
2
3
Þ T2 = ´10 g
2
Þ T2 = 50 3N
57. In the following figure the masses of the blocks A and B
are same and each equal to m. The tensions in the strings
OA and AB are T2 and T1 respectively. The system is in
From A
equilibrium with a constant horizontal force mg on B. Then
T1 is T2 cos q 2 = mg + T1 cos q1 ...(1)
T1 sin q1 = T2 sin q 2 ...(2)
O From B
T1 cos q1 = mg ...(3)
T2
q2
T1 sin q1 = mg ...(4)
m A Squaring and adding (3) and (4)

q1 T1 T12 = mg
2
+ mg
2
B
m mg
T1 = 2mg
58. Assertion: A body subjected to three concurrent forces
(a) mg (b) 2 mg cannot be in equilibrium.
Reason: If large numbers of concurrent forces are acting
(c) 3 mg (d) 5 mg on the same point then the point will always be in
equilibrium.
Ans. (b) (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Sol. Net force on block, blocks A and B is zero. Consider the is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
F.B.D. of A and B respectively. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (d)
Sol: A body subjected to concurrent forces is found to be in
equilibrium if sum of these forces is equal to zero.
r r r
That is,F1 + F2 + F3 + ... = 0.
59. Consider the following statements about the blocks
shown in the diagram that are being pushed by a constant
force on a frictionless table
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 15

Sol. T ³m g-a

360 ³ 60 10 - a

a ³ 4 ms -2
61. The pulleys and strings shown in the figure are smooth
and of negligible mass. For the system to remain in
equilibrium, the angle q should be :
A. All blocks move with the same acceleration
B. The net force on each block is the same Which of
these statements are/is correct
(a) A only (b) B only
(c) Both A and B (d) Neither A nor B
Ans: (a)
Sol: (i) As we can see from the free body diagram, force acting
on each block is different. But, they will all move together
as a system as same net force acts on them, and therefore
they will have the same acceleration.

(a) 0° (b) 30°

(c) 45° (d) 60°
Ans. (c)
Sol. For A, T = mg
For B, T = mg
For Equilibrium:
2T cos q = 2 mg
2mg cos q = 2mg
Application of newton's laws of motion q = 450
60. One end of massless rope, which passes over a massless 62. Two masses as shown in the figure are suspended from a
massless pulley. The acceleration of the system when
and frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook C while the other
masses are left free is
end is free. Maximum tension that the rope can bear is 360 N.
With what value of maximum safe acceleration (in ms–2)
can a man of 60 kg climb down the rope?

(a) 16 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) none of these
Ans. (c)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 16

2g g Þ 2×100 cos q = 100

(a) (b)
3 3 1
Þ cos q = Þ q = 60° = 2q = 120°
2
g g
(c) (d) 64. Three blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg and 5 kg are connected
9 7
to each other with light string and are then placed on a
Ans: (b)
frictionless surface as shown in the figure. The system is
Sol: The force equations are
pulled by aforceF = 10N, then tension T1 = ]

10N T1 T2
3kg 5kg
2kg

(a) 1N (b) 5 N
(c) 8 N (d) 10 N
Ans. (c)
Sol.
T – 5g = 5a.
10g – T = 10a
Adding, 10g – 5g = 15a

5g g
Or, a = =
15 3
63. In the following figure, the pulley P1 is fixed and the pulley Considering A, B, C as a system then common acceleration
P2 is movable. If W1 = W2 = 100N, what is the angle AP2P1? of the system is
The pulleys are friction-less. F 10
a= Þa= Þ a = 1m / s2
2+3+5 10

To get tension T1 consider B and C as a common system

pulled by tension

(a) 30° (b) 60°

(c) 90° (d) 120°
Ans: (d) T1 = (5 + 3) a
Sol: 2W1 cosq = W2 Þ T1 = 8 ´1 Þ T1 = 8 N

65. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a frictionless table. A

thread tied to it passes over a frictionless pulley and carries
a body B of mass 3 kg at the other end. The acceleration of
the system is (given g = 10 ms–2)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 17

(a) 100 ms–2 (b) 3 ms–2

(c) 10 ms–2 (d) 30 ms–2
Ans. (b)
Sol.

Let the common tension in the string is T and

common acceleration of blocks is ‘a’ as shown in
figure.
For 6 kg block T - 6 g = 6a ...(1)
For 10 kg block 10g - T = 10a ...(2)
For block A T = 7 a ...(1) Adding (1) and (2)

For block B 3 g - T = 3a ...(2) T - 6 g + 10 g - T = 6a + 10a

4g
Adding (1) and (2) Þ 4g = 16 a Þ a =
16
3 g - T + T = 7a + 3a
g 10
Þ 3g = 10a Þa= = = 2.5 m / s 2
4 4
3g 30
Þa= Þa= 67. Two blocks are connected by a string as shown in the
10 10
diagram. The upper block is hung by another string. A
Þ a = 3 m / s2 force F applied on the upper string produces an
66. Two masses m1 and m2 are attached to a string which passes acceleration of 2m/s2 in the upward direction in both the
over a frictionless smooth pulley. When m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 6 kg, blocks. If T and T¢ be the tensions in the two parts of the
string, then
the acceleration of masses is

m2 6 kg

10 kg m1

(a) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 47 . 2 N
(a) 20 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2
(c) 2.5 m/s2 (d) 10 m/s2 (b) T = 58 .8 N and T ¢ = 47 . 2 N
Ans. (c)
(c) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 58 . 8 N
Sol.
(d) T = 70 . 8 N and T ¢ = 0
Ans. (a)
Sol. Considering the common acceleration ‘ a ’ of the system
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 18
Mg sin q
(c) (d) 2 Mg sin q
2
Ans. (c)
Sol.

Considering F.B.D. of mass M on the incline

Considering common acceleration ‘ a ’ of the system Mg sin q - T = Ma .......(1)

Also for mass M on horizontal surface
T = Ma ......(2)
(1) + (2)

Mg sin q - T + T = 2M a
g sin q
Þa=
2

Mg sin q
Tension in string is T =
2
69. Two blocks of mass 4 kg and 6 kg are placed in contact
with each other on a frictionless horizontal surface. If we
apply a push of 5 N on the heavier mass, the force on the
F - 6g = 6 ´ a lighter mass will be
F =6 g+a
F = 6 9.8 + 2
F = 6 ´ 11.8
T = 70.8 N
T ¢ - 4 g = 4a Þ T ¢ = 4 9.8 + 2
Þ T ¢ = 4 ´11.8 = 47.2 N (a) 5 N (b) 4 N
68. Two blocks, each having a mass M, rest on frictionless
(c) 2 N (d) None of the above
surfaces as shown in the figure. If the pulley are light and
frictionless, and M on the incline is allowed to move down, Ans. (c)
then the tension in the string will be : Sol.

Fnet 5
2 3 a= = = 0.5 m / s 2
(a) Mg sin q (b) Mg sin q M 10
3 2
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 19

For 4 kg block, N = m ' a = 4 ´ 0.5 = 2 N

70. Two bodies having masses m1 = 40 g and m2 = 60 g are
attached to the ends of a string of negligible mass and
suspended from massless pulley. The acceleration of the
bodies is :
2 2
(a) 1 m/s (b) 2 m/s
2 2
(c) 0.4 m/s (d) 4 m/s
Ans. (b) As shown in figure and according to Newton’s l aw
Sol. ma cos q = mg sin q
sin q
a=g
cos q
Now normal force F,
F = mg cos q + ma sin q
æ sin q ö
= mg cos q + m ç g ÷ sin q
è cos q ø
sin 2 q
= mg cos q + mg
cos q
Tension in the string, T æ cos 2 q + sin 2 q ö
= mg ç ÷
è cos q ø
Masses , m1 = 0.04 kg and m2 = 0.06 kg mg
F=
Heavy weight (0.06 kg) will move downward with an cos q
acceleration a, then lighter weight (0.04 kg) will move 72. Consider the shown arrangement. Assume all surfaces to
upward with equal acceleration a. be smooth. If N represents magnitudes of normal reaction
So equations of motion; between block and wedge, then acceleration of M along
horizontal is equal to :
For mass m2 , m2 g - T = m2 a

For mass m1 , T - m1 g = m1a

Þ m2 g - m2 a - m1 g = m1a

m2 g - m1 g
Þa=
m1 + m2

0.06 ´ 10 - 0.04 ´ 10 2 N sin q

Þa= = 2m / s (a) along + ve x-axis
0.10 M
N cos q
71. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of (b) along –ve x-axis
M
inclination q .The whole system is accelerated horizontally
N sin q
so that the block does not slip on the wedge. The force (c) along –ve x-axis
M
exerted by the wedge on the block (g is acceleration due N sin q
to gravity) will be: (d) along –ve x-axis
m+M
(a) mg cos q (b) mg sin q Ans. (c)
mg Sol. Consider the F.B.D. of M and m separately
(c) mg (d) cos q Along horizontal direction N sin q = Ma
Ans. (d) N sin q
Þa=
Sol. M
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 20

(downward) felt by man (80kg) will be given by;

Þ f = 80 ´ 6 = 480 N
Thus apparent weight of the man in downward direction
will be;
Þ W = f + mg = 480 + 800 = 1280 N
75. For ordinary terrestrial experiments, the observer in an
inertial frame in the following cases is :
Along –ve x=axis
73. In the above question normal reaction between ground (a) a child revolving in a gaint wheel
and wedge will have magnitude equal to : (b) a driver in a sports car moving with a constant high speed
(a) N cos q + Mg –1
(b) N cos q + Mg + mg of 200 kmh on a straight rod
(c) N cos q – Mg (c) the pilot of an aeroplane which is taking off
(d) N sin q + Mg + mg
Ans. (a) (d) a cyclist negotiating a sharp curve
Sol. Along vertical direction F.B.D. of M Ans. (b)
Sol. A frame is said to be inertial when it is moving with a
constant speed or is at rest.
Case A.- Child is revolving in a giant wheel, thus child is
experiencing a centripetal acceleration.
Case B. – Car is moving at a constant speed along a
straight road. No acceleration is experienced by him.
Case C. – Aero-plane takes off with a linear acceleration.
Case D. – cyclist experiencing a centripetal acceleration
which negotiating a sharp curve.
Thus correct option is B.
N¢ = normal reaction from ground 76. The pendulum hanging from the ceiling of a railway carriage
makes angle 30° with the vertical, when it is accelerating.
N = Mg + N cos q
The acceleration of the carriage is :
Frames of reference
3 2
74. A man of weight 80 kg is standing in an elevator which is (a) g (b) g
2 3
movingwith an acceleration of 6 m/s2 in upward direction.
2
The apparent weight of the man will be : (g = 10 m/s )
g
(a) 1480 N (b) 1280 N (c) g 3 (d)
3
(c) 1380 N (d) none of these
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol.
Sol. When a body is on a platform, which is moving with an
acceleration a in a certain direction, a pseudo force is felt
by this body in the opposite direction. This pseudo force
is given by;
Þ f = ma
In the above given question, elevator is moving with an
acceleration (6m/s2) in upward direction, then pseudo force
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 21

up so that the block of mass M exerts a force 7 Mg/4 on

the floor of the box?

(a) g/4 (b) g/2

(c) 3g/4 (d) 4g
Ans: (c)
Sol:
FBD of M : If M exerts force F = 7 Mg/4 on floor, then from
third law floor also exerts force F on box in upward
direction.
Considering equilibrium of ‘ m ’ w.r.t. ‘ O ’

T cos q = mg …(1)

T sin q = ma …(2)

T sin q ma
Þ =
T cos q mg F - Mg = Ma
a
Þ tan q = 7 Mg 3g
g Þ - Mg = Ma Þ a =
4 4
a 1 a
Þ tan 30° = Þ = 79. A coin is dropped in a lift. It takes time t1 to reach the floor
g 3 g when lift is stationary. It takes time t2 when lift is moving
g up with constant acceleration. Then
Þa=
3 (a) t1 > t 2 (b) t 2 > t1
77. A bird is sitting in a large closed cage which is placed on
(c) t1 = t 2 (d) t1 >> t 2
a spring balance, it records a weight of 35 N. The bird
(mass = 0.5 kg) flies upward in the cage with an Ans: (a)
2
acceleration of 2 m/s . The spring balance will now record 2h
a weight of : Sol: For stationary lift t1 = g
and when the lift is moving

(a) 27 N (b) 36 N
2h
(c) 26 N (d) 24 N up with constant acceleration t 2 = g + a \ t1 > t 2
Ans. (b) 80. A lift is moving down with acceleration a. A man in the lift
Sol. When bird flies upward in the cage, so normal force drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration of the ball as
required to provide acceleration of 2m/s2 will be; observed by the man in the lift and a man standing
stationary on the ground are respectively
Þ ma = 0.5 ´ 2 = 1N (a) g, g (b) g – a, g – a
Equal force will be applied on the cage in the opposite (c) g – a, g (d) a, g
direction (downward). Ans: (c)
So the total weight recorded by the spring will be;
Þ W = 35 + 1 = 36 N
78. With what acceleration ‘a’ should be box of figure moving
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 22
Sol: Due to relative motion, acceleration of ball observed by
1 2
observer in lift = (g – a) and for man on earth the We know that equation for distance, s = ut + a1t
acceleration remains g. 2
S=L
81. A block is placed on the top of a smooth inclined plane of u=0
inclination q kept on the floor of a lift. When the lift is Here retardation meaning acceleration in upward direction,
descending with a retardation a, the block is released. The g1 = g + a
acceleration of the block relative to the incline is : a1 = g1 sin q
(a) g sin q (b) a sin q a1 = g + a sin q
(c) (g –a) sin q (d) (g + a) sin q Putting values in Equation,
Ans. (d) 1
L = 0 + g + a sin q´ t 2
Sol. 2
2 2L
t =
g + a sin q
2L
t=
g + a sin q
83. A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man
hangs his bag on the spring and the spring reads 49 N,
when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downward with
Q lift is descending down retardation a is upwards.
an acceleration of 5 ms–2, the reading of the spring balance
So w.r.t. incline will be :
So relative acceleration down the incline is (a) 24 N (b) 74 N
m g + a sin q (c) 15 N (d) 49 N
arel =
m Ans. (a)
arel = g + a sin q Sol. kx = mg = 49
82. A smooth inclined plane of length L having inclination q 49
m= = 5 kg
with the horizontal is inside a lift which is moving down 9.8
with a retardation a. The time taken by a body to slide Lift moving : kx2 = mg - 5m = 49 - 5 5 = 24 N
down the inclined plane from rest will be : 84. Assertion: In the case of free fall of the lift, the man will
feel weightlessness.
2L 2L
(a) (b) Reason: In free fall, acceleration of lift is equal to
g + a sin q g - a sin q
acceleration due to gravity.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
2L 2L is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) (d) (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
a sin q g sin q
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Ans. (a) (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
Sol. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (a)
Sol: Normal reaction applied by floor of lift is given by R = m
(g – a). Now if acceleration of lift becomes g then R = 0.
So, the person loses his contact from the floor and feels
weightlessness.
85. Assertion: A reference frame attached to the Earth is an
inertial frame of reference.
Reason: The reference frame which has zero acceleration
is called a non-inertial frame of reference.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 23
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is Sol. When a body is in static position, its irregular and rough
the correct explanation of the Assertion. surface gets interlocked with the irregularities of the
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is surface on which it is sliding. To move this body we need
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. sufficiently larger force than in case of kinematic situation.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Thus m s > m k
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
The rolling friction is a force that resist the motion when
Ans: (d) an object is rolling on the surface. As we move away
Sol: An inertial frame of reference is one which has zero from the centre of mass point, we need lesser force
acceleration and in which law of inertia holds good, that
to rotate it or vice-versa, so rolling force will be less than
is, Newton’s first law of motion is applicable equally. Since
Earth is revolving around the Sun and also rotating about kinetic frictional coefficient. m s > m k > m r
its own axis, there are forces acting on it and hence there
will be acceleration of Earth due to these factors. 89. Which of the following is self-adjusting force?
Therefore, Earth cannot be taken as inertial frame of (a) Statice friction (b) Limiting friction
reference. (c) Kinetic friction (d) Rolling friction
86. Assertion: While applying laws of motion in a non-inertial Ans: (a)
reference frame, a pseudo force is taken to be acting on Sol: Static friction is self adjusting force. Its value varies from
the body considered.
0 < fs < m N
Reason: A non-inertial frame has zero acceleration.
90. Maximum force of friction is called
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) Limiting friction (b) Static friction
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is (c) Sliding friction (d) Rolling friction
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Ans: (a)
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Sol: Limiting friction is maximum force of friction
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. 91. A force of 50 N is required to push a car on a level road
Ans: (c) with constant speed of 10 m/s. The mass of the car is
Sol: Non-inertial frames are those having non-zero 500 kg. What force should be applied to make the car
acceleration. Newton’s law is valid for inertial frames, so accelerate at 1 m/s2 ?
to make a non-inertial frame as inertial frame an equal and (a) 550 N (b) 450 N
opposite force, known as pseudo force, is applied. (c) 500 N (d) 2500 N
87. Assertion: Newton’s second law holds good in an inertial Ans. (a)
frame only.
Reason: Newton’s second law is a basic law.
Sol. Initially when car moves with constant velocity Þ
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is acceleration = 0
the correct explanation of the Assertion. So,
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is Resistive force on car are equal and opposite
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. to F = 50 N . Now to accelerate the car a force F’ is
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. applied but resistive force remains unchanged
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. \ F ¢ - 50 = 500 ´1
Ans: (b) Þ F ¢ = 500 + 50
Sol: To apply Newton’s second law in a non-inertial frame, we Þ F ¢ = 550 N
have to consider a pseudo force and it has to be applied
92. A body is projected along a rough horizontal surface with
only on inertial frame. Newton’s second law is a basic law
a velocity 6 m/s. If the body comes to rest after travelling
because with the help of this law we can derive other two
9 m, then coefficient of sliding friction is : (g = 10 m/s2)
laws.
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.4
Frictional Force and its Properties
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.2
88. Which is true for rolling friction (mr), static friction (ms) and
Ans. (d)
kinetic friction (mk) ?
Sol. Retardation of block in
(a) ms > m k > m r (b) m s < m k < m r
(c) ms < m k > m r (d) m s > mr > m k
Ans. (a)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 24
can be stopped is :
Fk m mg
a= = = mg 2
m m v02 æ v0 ö
2
(a) (b) ç ÷
Qv 2 = u 2 + 2as Þ 02 = 6 + 2( m ) g 9 m è mg ø
Þ m = 0.2
v20 v20
(c) (d)
93. Which of the following statements is true in a tug of war. mg 2 mg
(a) The team which applies a greater force on the rope Ans. (d)
than the other wins. Sol. Initial velocity of car, v0
(b) The team which applies a smaller force on the rope Frictional coefficient, m
than the other wins.
In this question friction force decelerate the car to a speed 0.
(c) The team which pushes harder against the ground wins. Thus applying Newton’s equation;
(d) none of these
2 2
Ans. (c) Þ v¢ = v0 - 2 as
Sol. Where, s is the distance in which car is stopped.
a is the deceleration, which can be found from applied
friction force.
Þ m mg = m a
So,
There is a war form tension produced in the rope. The 2
Þ 0 = v0 - 2 m gs
team which produces greater friction will accelerate the 2
system forwards itself and will win. v0
Þs=
2m g
So, if f1 > f 2 then team (1) will win.
94. While walking on ice, one should take small steps to 97. An iron block of sides 5 cm × 8 cm × 15 cm has to be
avoid slipping. This is because smaller steps ensure pushed along the floor. The force required will be minimum
when the surface in contact with ground is :
(a) larger friction (b) smaller friction
(a) force is the same for all surfaces
(c) smaller normal force (d) none of these
(b) 8 cm × 5 cm surface
Ans. (a)
(c) 5 cm × 15 cm surface
Sol. Smaller steps ensure greater friction so smaller acceleration
and easy walking. (d) 8 cm × 15 cm surface
95. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a rough horizontal Ans. (a)
surface having coefficient of friction m = 0.5. If a horizontal Sol. Friction force between a block and a surface is given by;
force of 100 N is applied on it, then the acceleration of the Þ f = m mg
block will be :
(a) 15 m/s2 (b) 10 m/s
2 A block can only be moved when applied force exceeded
2 2 frictional force;
(c) 5 m/s (d) 0.5 m/s
Ans. (c) ÞF > f
Sol. Total force =applied force-friction force So, minimum force required to move the block will be
equivalent to frictional force.
F = f1 - f f
We can observe that generated friction force is
ma = 100 - m gm independent of surface area of the surface which is in
100 - 0.5 ´ 10 ´10 contact with ground.
a=
10 Thus, required minimum force will be same for all surfaces.
100 - 50
a= 98. In the figure shown, horizontal force F1 is applied on a
10 block but the block does not slide. Then as the magnitude
a = 5ms -2 of vertical force F2 is increased from zero the block begins
96. A car is moving along a straight horizontal road with a to slide; the correct statement is
speed v0. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres
and the road is m. The shortest distance in which the car
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 25
Since the applied force is less than 12 N therefore the
force of friction is equal to the applied force.
f = 8.7 N
101. A block of mass m is stationary on a horizontal surface. It
is connected with a string which has no tension. The
coefficient of friction between the block and surface is
m . Then, the frictional force between the block and
(a) The magnitude of normal reaction on block increases surface is?
(b) Static frictional force acting on the block increases
(c) Maximum value of static frictional force decrease
(d) All of these
Ans: (c)
(a) Zero (b) m mg
Sol:
mg
(c) (d) None of these
m
Ans: (a)
Sol: f s = m mg , F < f s . If applied force is less than limiting
friction force then frictional force is equal to the applied
N + F2 = mg
force f = F .
N = mg – F2
Here, applied force is zero, and so, frictional force is zero.
A F2 Increases N will decrease
Static friction fs = msN = ms (mg – F2) 102. Assertion: When a bicycle is in motion, the force of
friction exerted by the ground on the two wheels is always
Þ by increasing F2, fs will decrease hence the block will slide
in the forward direction.
99. A body of mass 2 kg is at rest on a horizontal table. The
coefficient of friction between the body and the table is Reason: The frictional force acts in the direction of motion
0.3. A force of 5 N applied on the body. The acceleration of the bicycle.
of the body is ? (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
-2 -2 is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(a) 0 ms (b) 2.5 ms
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
(c) 5 ms -2 (d) 7.5 ms -2 is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Ans: (a) (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
f max = m mg
Sol: Ans: (d)
f max = 0.3 ´ 2 ´10 = 6 N
Sol: When a bicycle is in motion, two cases may arise:
Applied force < f ms (i) When the bicycle is being pedalled: In this case, the
So, body would not move. applied force is communicated to the rear wheel, due to
100. A block of mass 3 kg is placed on a rough horizontal which the rear wheel pushes the ground backwards. Now
surface m s = 0.4 . A force of 8.7 N is applied on the the force of friction acts in the forward direction on the
block. The force of friction between the block and floor rear wheel but front wheel moves forward due to inertia,
is? so force of friction works on it in the backward direction.
(a) 8.7 N (b) 12 N (ii) When the bicycle is not being pedalled: In this case both
(c) 10 N (d) Zero the wheels move in the forward direction, due to inertia.
Ans: (a) Hence, force of friction on both the wheels acts in the
backward direction.
Sol: f ms = m s mg = 0.4 ´ 3 ´ 10 N = 12 N
103. Assertion: Pulling a lawn roller is easier than pushing it.
Reason: Pushing increases the apparent weight and hence
the force of friction.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 26
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason (c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason Ans: (b)
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Sol: Inertia depends upon force applied which is function of
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. acceleration but friction could be reduced by lubricating
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. the contact surfaces.
106. A block of mass 5 kg is kept on a horizontal floor having
Ans: (a)
coefficient of friction 0.09. Two mutually perpendicular
Sol: Suppose the roller is pushed as in Fig. (b). The force F is horizontal forces of 3 N and 4 N act on this block. The
resolved into two components, horizontal component FH acceleration of the block is : (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) zero (b) 0.1 m/s2
which helps the roller to move forward, and the vertical 2
(c) 0.2 m/s (d) 0.3 m/s2
component acting downwards adds to the weight. Thus,
Ans. (b)
weight is increased. But in the case of machine being
Sol.
pulled, as shown in Fig. (a), the vertical component of the
force Fv is in the direction opposite to its weight; thus,
weight is reduced. So, pulling is easier than pushing the
lawn roller.

Limiting friction of the block is Flim = m N

= 0.09 ´ 5 ´ 10 = 4.5N
Also Fk = 4.5 N
R - Fk 5 - 4.5 0.5
Qacceleration a = = = = 0.1m / s 2
m 5 5
107. A block of mass 4 kg is placed on a rough horizontal plane.
A time dependent horizontal force F = kt acts on the block,
k = 2 N/s. The frictional force between the block and plane
at time t = 2s is (m = 0.2)
(a) 4 N (b) 8 N
(c) 12 N (d) zero
104. Assertion: The value of dynamic friction is less than the Ans. (a)
limiting friction. Sol. Time dependent applied force, F = kt
Reason: Once the motion has started, the inertia of rest In this question first we need to find whether applied
has been overcome. force on block has exceeded the frictional force.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Frictional force;
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. Þ f = m mg = 0.2 ´ 4 ´ 10 = 8 N
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
Applied force at time t = 2 sec;
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Þ F = kt = 2 ´ 2 = 4 N
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. Thus, we can observe that applied force has not exceeded
8 N force, so block will be in stationary state, and friction
Ans: (a)
force will be;
Sol: For a body at rest, friction force is static so it has to act
against inertia of rest but once the motion starts inertia of Þ f = 4N
rest has been overcome and friction force reduces. So 108. A block is kept on an inclined plane of angle 30°.
dynamic friction becomes lesser than static friction. Coefficient of kinetic friction between block and incline
105. Assertion: Proper use of lubricants cannot reduce inertia.
1
Reason: Proper use of lubricants reduces friction. plane is . What is acceleration of block ?
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason 3
2
is the correct explanation of the Assertion. (a) zero (b) 2 m/s
2 2
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason (c) 1.5 m/s (d) 5 m/s
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Ans. (a)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 27
1 Ans: (b)
Sol. Frictional coefficient, m =
3 Sol: vinitial = u = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
vfinal = v = 0
m = 0.5
adecelaration = mg = 0.5 ´ 10 = 5 ms
v=0
u2 – 2as = 0
400 – 2 ´ 5s = 0
s = 40 m
111. A block of weight W is held against a vertical wall by
Angle of inclination, q = 300 applying a horizontal force 75 N. The surface of the wall
Let’s consider acceleration of the block is a. is rough. Now, (consider m < 1)
Normal force (N) can be found by balancing the (a) W < 75 N (b) W = 75 N
equations as shown in the above diagram;
(c) W > 75 N (d) None of these
Þ N = mg cosq = mg cos 30 0 Ans: (a)
0
Friction force will be; Þ f = m N = m mg cos30 Sol: If W is in equilibrium f = W
Then; But we know f £ m R
0
Þ mg sin30 - f = ma Here R = 75 N
Þ ma = mg sin300 - m mg cos300 Hence W £ m R or
æ1 1 3ö m
Þ a = g çç - ´ ÷÷ = 0 2 W £ m 75
è2 3 2 ø s
109. A child weighing 25 kg slides down a rope hanging from
a branch of a tall tree. If the force of friction acting against
him is 200 N, the acceleration of child is (g = 10 m/s2)
(a) 22.5 m/s2 (b) 8 m/s2
(c) 5 m/s2 (d) 2 m/s2
Ans: (d)
Sol: mg – fs = ma
W
250 – 200 = 25a Or 75 ³
m
a = 2 m/s2
W
Þ 75 =
m

W
Or 75 >
m
But m is generally less than 1
\ W < 75 N
110. Consider a car moving along a straight horizontal road
112. Assertion: Without friction between our feet and the
with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of static friction
ground, it will not be possible to walk.
between the tyres and the road is 0.5, the shortest distance
in which the car can be stopped just by using the frictional Reason: Frictional force is necessary to start motion.
force is (taking g = 10 m/s2) (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
(a) 30 m (b) 40 m is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
(c) 72 m (d) 20 m
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 28
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (c)
Sol: For walking we need some force which is applied by the
ground and this comes into play only when our feet make
contact with the ground. Without friction, no contact force
develops between feet and ground. Statement of reason
is not true because any block can move on smooth surface
by applying any force.
113. Assertion: Wheels of automobiles are made circular in From F.B.D. of block N = 5 newton
shape. f lim = m N = 0.5 ´ 5 = 2.5 N
Reason: Rolling friction is the least among all type of
frictions. Weight = mg = 0.1´ 10 = 1N
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Q f s = mg and f s < f lim
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason So frictional force = mg = 1N
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. If g = 9.8m / s 2 then
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false. mg = 9.8 ´ 0.1 = 0.98 N
Ans: (a)
116. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a pole. He is pressing
Sol: Rolling is easier than sliding for any automobile. In order the pole with a force of 600 N. The coefficient of friction
to reduce the effort, wheels are made circular, so that between the hands and the pole is 0.5, with what
sliding friction is replaced by rolling friction. acceleration will the fireman slide down ? (g = 10 ms–2)
114. A block is gently placed on a conveyor belt moving (a) 1 ms–2 (b) 2.5 ms–2
horizontally with constant speed. After t = 4 s, the velocity –2
(c) 10 ms (d) 5 ms–2
of the block becomes equal to velocity of the belt. If the
coefficient of friction between the block and the belt is Ans. (d)
m = 0.2, then the velocity of the conveyor belt is Sol. Force in downward direction is,
(a) 8 m/s (b) 6 m/s Fdown = 600 N
(c) 4 m/s (d) 2 m/s We know that frictional force that is in upward direction
Ans. (a) is,
Sol. On the belt kinetic friction acts opposite to the velocity Fr = m N
and on the block Fk will accelerate the block Fr = 0.5 ´ 600
Q Finally when relative velocity become zero Fr = 300 N
v = u + at for block. Now total net force is
v = 0 + m g ´ 4 Þ v = 0.2 ´ 10 ´ 4 = 8 m / s FN = Fdown - Fr
115. A block of mass 0.1 kg is held against a wall applying ma = 600 - 300
horizontal force of 5 N on the block. If coeff. of friction
60 ´ a = 300
between the block and the wall is 0.5, the magnitude of
frictional force acting on the block is 300
a=
(a) 2.5 N (b) 0.49 N 60
(c) 0.98 N (d) 4.9 N a = 5ms -2
Ans. (c) 117. A body of mass m rests on horizontal surface. The
Sol. coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is
m. If the mass is pulled by a force P as shown in the figure,
the limiting friction between body and surface will be :
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 29

é æ P öù
(a) m mg (b) m ê mg + ç 2 ÷ ú
ë è øû

é æ P öù é æ 3 P öù
(c) m ê mg - ç ÷ ú (d) m ê mg - çç ÷÷ú
ë è 2 øû êë è 2 øúû
Ans. (c)
Sol.
f = mR
F cos 60 ° = m(W + F sin 60 °)

1
Substituting m = & W = 10 3 we get F = 20 N
2 3
119. Assertion: Value of frictional force as seen from an inertial
frame for a pair of solids, may change if it is observed
from a non-inertial frame.
Reason: Coefficient of friction m depends on the frame of
reference.
Limiting friction force is given by; (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason
Þ f =mN is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
Where, N is the normal force , and m is the frictional
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
coefficient.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
We need to balance forces acting on the block in vertical
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
direction;
Ans: (c)
Þ P sin 30° + N = mg Sol: Value of frictional force depends on inertial and non-
inertial forces due to difference in net applied force.
1 Coefficient of friction depends only on type and nature
Þ N = mg - P ´
2 of the surfaces in contact.
So, limiting frictional force will be; Angle of friction and angle of repose
æ 1ö 1
Þ f = m N = m ç mg - P ´ ÷
è 2ø 120. The coefficient of friction of a surface is . What should
3
118. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the be the angle of inclination so that a body placed on the
block shown in the arrangement, does not move surface just begins to slide down ?
(a) 30o (b) 45o
o
(c) 60 (d) 90o
Ans. (a)
Sol.

(a) 20 N (b) 10 N
(c) 12 N (d) 15 N
(a)

When the body begins to slide

LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 30

mg sin q = f lim Þ F cosq = m N

mg sin q = m N Þ F cosq = tanf W + F sinq
Þ mg sin q = m mg cos q Þ F cos q – F sin q tan f = W tan f
1 Þ F cos q cos f – F sin q sin f = W sin f
Þ m = tan q Þ tan q = Þ q = 30°
3 W sinf
ÞF=
This angle is known as angle of repose. cos q + f
121. A block A kept on an inclined surface just begins to slide 123. A body is placed on a rough inclined plane of inclination
if the inclination is 30°. The block is replaced by another q. As the angle q is increased from 0° to 90° the contact
block B and it is found that it just begins to slide if the force between the block and the plane
inclination is 40°. (a) remains constant
(a) mass of A > mass of B (b) first remains constant then decreases
(b) mass of A < mass of B (c) first decreases then increases
(c) mass of A = mass of B (d) first increases then decreases
(d) all the three are possible Ans: (b)
Ans. (d) Sol:
Sol. \ angle of repose q is related as
m = tan q is independent of mass
So option A, B or C may be correct.
Hence (d) is right
122. Pushing force making an angle q to the horizontal is
applied on a block of weight W placed on a horizontal For q < angle of repose
table. If the angle of friction be f, the magnitude of force Fc = mg
required to move the body is equal to : For q > angle of repose
W cos f W sin f As q­ f = mmg cos q¯
(a) (b)
cos q + f cos q + f N = mg cos q ¯
124. A body is placed on an inclined plan and has to be pushed
W tan f W sin f down in order to make it move. The angle made by the
(c) sin q + f (d) tan q + f
normal reaction with the vertical will be:-
Ans. (b) (a) Equal to angle of repose
Sol. (b) Equal to the angle of repose
(c) Less than the angle of repose
(d) More than the angle of repose
Ans: (c)
Sol: The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a
granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip
relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be
piled without slumping. At this angle, the material on the
slope face is on the verge of sliding.
Since the block doesn’t slide down on its own, this angle
Angle of friction is f , so frictional coefficient will be; must be less than the angle of repose.
Þ m = tan f 125. A block rests on a rough inclined plane making an angle
As shown in the above diagram, we balance the forces of 30 o with the horizontal. The coefficient of static friction
acting in horizontal and vertical directions. between the block and the plane is 0.8. If the frictional
Forces in vertical direction; force on the block is 10 N, the mass of the block (in kg) is

Þ N = W + Fsinq (take g = 10 m / s 2 )
Forces in horizontal direction; (a) 2.0 (b) 4.0
(c) 1.6 (d) 2.5
(a) Angle of repose a = tan -1 (m ) = tan -1 (0 . 8 ) = 38 .6 °
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 31
2 2
Angle of inclined plane is given q = 30 ° . (c) 4 m/s (d) 8/3 m/s
It means block is at rest therefore, Ans (b)
Static friction = component of weight in downward Sol.
direction = mg sin q = 10 N
10
\ m= = 2 kg
9 ´ sin 30 °
126. Assertion: Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting
friction.
Reason: When the body is just at the point of motion, the
force of friction at this stage is called limiting friction. Mass of block A, 10kg
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason Mass of block B, 5kg
is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Frictional coefficient between block A and B, m = 0.4
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason
is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Frictional force generated between A and B,
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false. Þ f = m m B g = 0.4 ´ 5 ´ 10 = 20 N
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (b) Because block A rests on a smooth surface, so only
frictional force will make it move, so we can write;
Sol: Coefficient of friction is tangent of angle of repose and
angle of limiting friction, assertion is correct. At the verge Þ f = mA ´ a
of motion, the frictional force is maximum and is known as Þ 20 = 10 ´ a
limiting friction. 2
Þ a = 2m / s
Block on Block Systems 129. Two blocks A and B of masses 5 kg and 3 kg respectively
127. A body B lies on a smooth horizontal table and another rest on a smooth horizontal surface with B over A. the
body A is placed on B. The coefficient of friction between coefficient of friction between A and B is 0.5. The maximum
A and B is m . What acceleration given to B will cause horizontal force (in kg wt.) that can be applied to A, so
that there will be motion of A and B without relative
slipping to occur between A and B
slipping, is
(a) mg (b) g / m (a) 1.5 (b) 2.5
(c) m / g (d) mg (c) 4 (d) 5
Ans: (c)
(a) There is no friction between the body B and surface of
Sol:
the table. If the body B is pulled with force F then
F = (m A + m B ) a
Due to this force upper body A will feel the pseudo force
in a backward direction.
F
Both are moving together a =
8
F
For 3 kg block f = 3 æç ö÷
è8ø
3F
0.5 3 g =
8
But due to friction between A and B, body will not move.
The body A will start moving when pseudo force is more F = 40 N
than friction force. So, m = 4 kg
i.e. for slipping, m A a = m m A g \ a = m g 130. Figure shows two blocks system, 4kg block rests on a
smooth horizontal surface, upper surface of 4 kg is rough.
128. A block B of mass 5 kg is placed on another block A of A block of mass 2 kg is placed on its upper surface. The
mass 10 kg, which rests on a smooth horizontal surface. If acceleration of upper block with respect to earth when 4
m = 0.4 between A and B and a force F = 40 N is applied on kg mass is pulled by a force of 30 N, is
block B, the acceleration of A is :
2 2
(a) 3 m/s (b) 2 m/s
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 32
and B is 0.2 while coefficient of friction between B and the
ground is 0.3. The minimum required force F to start
moving B will be

(a) 6 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2

(c) 8 m/s2 (d) 2 m/s2
Ans: (b) (a) 900 N (b) 100 N
Sol: If both move together (c) 1100 N (d) 1200 N

30
a= = 5 m/s 2 Ans. (c)
4+2
Sol.
2 kg will move due to frictional force
F = ma Þ f = 2(5) = 10 N
And limiting friction fL = (0.8) (2g) = 16 N
Þ Friction is sufficient to move both block together hence
a = 5 m/s2
131. Two blocks (A) 2 kg and (B) 5 kg rest one over the other
on a smooth horizontal plane. The coefficient of static
and dynamic friction between (A) and (B) is the same and
equal to 0.60. The maximum horizontal force F that can be
applied to (B) in order that both (A) and (B) do not have F = f AB + f BG = m AB m a g + m BG (m A + m B )g
any relative motion is
= 0 . 2 ´ 100 ´ 10 +0 .3(300 ) ´ 10
= 200 + 900 = 1100 N
133. Determine the time in which the smaller block reaches other
end of bigger block in the figure

(a) 42 N (b) 42 kgf

(c) 5.4 kgf (d) 1.2 N
Ans: (a)
Sol:

(a) 4s (b) 8
(c) 2.19 s (d) 2.13 s
Ans. (c)
Now both should move with same acceleration. So,
Fr = ma = 2a
F – Fr = 5a

mmg
a= = mm = 6 m/s 2
m
F – 0.6 ´ 2 ´ 10 = 5 ´ 6
F = 42 N

132. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting on another block B

of mass 200 kg. As shown in figure a horizontal rope tied
to a wall holds it. The coefficient of friction between A
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 33

Sol. T = Ff
T = m gma
= 0.2 ´ 10 ´ 2
T = 4N
Now applying equilibrium or Newton’s law on block B
T =W
4 = mb g
4
mb =
10
135. A block of mass 1 kg is projected from the lowest point up
Kinetic friction f k = mk N = 0.3 ´ 2 ´ 10 = 6N along the inclined plane. If g = 10 ms-2, the retardation
experienced by the block is
10 - 6
Acceleration of upper block = a1 = = 2m / s 2
2

a2 = acceleration of lower block

6 3
= = m / s2
8 4 15 5
3 5 (a) ms -2 (b) ms -2
arel = a1 - a2 = 2 - = m / s 2 2 2
4 4
10
1 2 (c) ms -2 (d) zero
Srel = urel t + arel t 2
2
Ans: (a)
1 5 24 24 Sol: Retarding force will be friction and gravitational force
Þ 3 = 0´t + ´ ´t2 Þ t2 = Þt =
2 4 5 5
t = 2.19 s

Miscellaneous Cases in Friction

134. The coefficient of static friction, ms , between block A of
mass 2 kg and the table as shown in the figure, is 0.2.
What would be the maximum mass value of block B,
so that the two blocks do not move? The string and
the pulley are assumed to be smooth and massless
2
(g = 10 m/s )
a = - g sin 45° + mg cos 45°
æ 10 10 ö 15
= -ç + 0.5 ÷=
è 2 2 ø 2

136. The blocks A and B are arranged as shown in the figure.

The pulley is frictionless. The mass of A is 10 kg. The
coefficient of friction of A with the horizontal surface is
0.20. The minimum mass of B to start the motion will be

(a) 2.0 kg (b) 4.0 kg

(c) 0.2 kg (d) 0.4 kg
Ans. (d)
Sol. Applying equilibrium or Newton’s law on block A
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 34

= P - mg sin q = 750 - 500 = 250 N

Limiting friction = Fl = m s R = m s mg cos q
= 0.4 × 102 × 9.8 × cos 30 = 346 N
As net external force is less than limiting friction therefore
friction on the body will be 250 N.
139. A block of mass m is given an initial downward velocity v0
(a) 2 kg (b) 0.2 kg and left on an inclined plane (coefficient of friction = 0.6).
(c) 5 kg (d) 10 kg The block will :
Ans. (a)
mB m
Sol. m= Þ 0 . 2 = B Þ m B = 2 kg
mA 10
137. The force required just to move a body up an inclined
plane is double the force required just to prevent the body
sliding down. If the coefficient of friction is 0.25, the angle (a) continue to move move down the plane with constant
of inclination of the plane is velocity v0
(a) 36.8° (b) 45° (b) accelerate downward
(c) 30° (d) 42.6° (c) decelerate and come to rest
Ans. (a) (d) first accelerated then decelerate
Ans. (c)
Sol. Retardation in upward motion = g(sin q + m cos q )
Sol.
\ Force required just to move up Fup = mg (sin q + m cos q )
Similarly for down ward motion a = g(sin q - m cos q )
Force required just to prevent the body sliding down
According to problem Fup = 2 Fdn
Þ mg (sin q + m cos q ) = 2mg (sin q - m cos q ) Kinetic friction on the block is
Þ sin q + m cos q = 2 sin q - 2 m cos q Fk = mk N = 0.6 ´ mg cos 30°
Þ 3 m cos q = sin q Þ tan q = 3 m 3
= 0.6 ´ mg ´
2
Þ q = tan -1 (3 m ) = tan -1 (3 ´ 0 . 25 ) = tan -1 (0 .75 ) = 36 .8 °
Fk = mg 0.3 ´ 3 = mg ´ 0.3 ´ 1.732
138. A force of 750 N is applied to a block of mass 102 kg to
prevent it from sliding on a plane with an inclination angle = 0.52mg
30° with the horizontal. If the coefficients of static friction mg
and kinetic friction between the block and the plane are Qmg sin 30° = = 0.5mg
2
0.4 and 0.3 respectively, then the frictional force acting
on the block is Q Fk is greater than mg sin 30° then block will decelerate
(a) 750 N (b) 500 N and come to rest.
(c) 345 N (d) 250 N 140. In the figure shown, if coefficient of friction is m, then m2
Ans. (d) will start moving upwards if :
Sol.

Net force along the plane

LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 35
q = 30° with a velocity 5 m/s. If it stops after 0.5 s then
m1 m1
(a) m > sin q - m cos q (b) m > sin q + m cos q what is the value of coefficient of friction (m) ?
2 2 (a) 0.6 (b) 0.5
(c) 1.25 (d) none of these
m1 m1 Ans. (a)
(c) m > m sin q - cos q (d) m > m sin q + cos q
2 2 Sol.
Ans. (b)
Sol.

We know that
m2 will start moving upwards if v = u + at
0 = 5 + 0.5a
m1 g > m2 g sin q + m m2 g cos q
a = -10 ms -2
m1 Here minus sign shows that it is retardation,
Þ > sin q + m cos q
m2 a = 10ms -2
141. Consider the situation shown in the figure. All surfaces Fnet = ma
are rough. The friction on B due to A in equilibrium mg sin 30o + m mg cos 30o = ma
1 3
g ´ + mg ´ = 10
2 2
g + m g ´ 3 = 20
(a) is upward m = 0.601
(b) is downward 144. If a ladder weighing 250 N is placed against a smooth
vertical wall having coefficient of friction between it and
(c) is zero
floor 0.3, then what is the maximum force of friction available
(d) depends on the masses of A and B at the point of contact between the ladder and the floor ?
Ans. (a) (a) 75 N (b) 50 N
Sol. The normal reaction force on the system (comprising of (c) 35 N (d) 25 N
wall and contact surface of A and B) is provided by F. The Ans. (a)
weight of A and B together is acting in the downward Sol.
direction. Therefore, the frictional force fA and fBA (friction
on B due to A) is in upward direction.
142. A block of mass 1 kg is placed on a truck which accelerates
2
with acceleration 5 m/s . The coefficient of static friction
between the block and truck is 0.6. The frictional force
acting on the block is :
(a) 5 N (b) 6 N
(c) 5.88 N (d) 4.6 N
Ans. (a)
Ladder is in static position placed against the wall. So, we
Sol. Frictional force Fs = m gm
need to find the reaction force applied by the floor on
= 0.6 ´ 10 ´ 1 = 6 N ladder in vertical direction as shown in the above diagram.
Now pseudo force, F = ma = 1´ 5 = 5 N Balancing forces in the vertical direction;
Here we can see that, Fs > F
So our answer will be 5N Þ R1 = mg = 250 N
143. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 36
Thus friction force at the contact point will be;

Þ f = m R1
Þ f = 0.3 ´ 250 = 75 N
145. A block is moving up an inclined plane of inclination 60°
2
with velocity of 20 m/s and stops after 2 s. If g = 10 m/s ,
then the approximate value of coefficient of friction is :
(a) 3 (b) 3.3
(c) 0.27 (d) 0.33
Ans. (c)
Sol. Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s 147. A block of mass 15 kg is resting on a rough inclined plane
Final velocity, v= 0 m/s as shown in figure. The block is tied by a horizontal string
Time, t = 2s which has a tension of 50 N. The coefficient of friction
between the surfaces of contact is:

(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3

Applying Newton’s equation; (c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
Þ v = u + at Ans: (a)
Þ 0 = 20 + a ´ 2 Sol: The string is under tension, hence there is limiting friction
between the block and the plane
2
Þ a = -10m / s
å Fx = 0 Þ m N + 50cos 45° = 150sin 45°
Inclination angle, q = 600 (i)
Writing equation of motion for a moving block on a
inclined plane as shown in the above diagram;

Þ ma = mg sin 600 + m mg cos 600

3 1
Þ 10 = 10 ´ + m ´ 10 ´
2 2
Þ m = 0.27

146. A metallic chain 1m long lies on a horizontal surface of a

table. The chain starts sliding on the table if 25 cm (or
more of it) hangs over the edge of a table. The correct
value of the coefficient of friction between the table and å Fy = 0 Þ N = 50 sin 45° + 150 cos 45° (ii)
the chain is
Solving (i) and (ii), m = 1/2
1 2
(a) (b) 148. The system shown in the figure is in equilibrium. The
3 3 maximum value of W, so that the maximum value of static
1 1 frictional force on 100 kg body is 450 N, will be:-
(c) (d)
4 5
Ans: (a)
Sol:
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 37

(a) 20% (b) 25%

(c) 35% (d) 15%
Ans: (a)
Sol: Let M is the mass of the chain of length L. If y is the
maximum length of chain which can hang outside the table
without sliding, then for equilibrium of the chain, the
weight of hanging part must be balanced by the force of
friction on the portion on the table.

(a) 100 N (b) 250 N

(c) 450 N (d) 1000 N
Ans: (c)
Sol: System is in equilibrium
T1 = W = T sin 45
T2 = (fs)max = T cos 45
W = (f-s)max
W = 450 N

W = fL …(i)
But from figure
M M
W= yg and R = W ' = L-y g
L L

M
So that f L = mR = m L-y g
L
Substituting these value of W and fL in eqn. (i)
149. A block is kept on an inclined plane of inclination q of
length l. The velocity of particle at the bottom of inclined M M
is (the coefficient of friction is m) We get m L - y g = yg
L L
(a) 2 gl(m cos q - sin q ) mL 0.25L L
Or m L - y = y or y = = =
(b) 2 gl(sin q - m cos q ) m + 1 1.25 5

(c) 2 gl(sin q + m cos q ) y 1 1

Or = = ´ 100% = 20%
L 5 5
(d) 2 gl(cos q + m sin q )
Ans. (b)
Sol. Acceleration (a) = g(sin q - m cos q ) and s = l

v = 2as = 2 gl(sin q - m cos q )

150. A heavy uniform chain lies on horizontal table top. If the
coefficient of friction between the chain and the table
surface is 0.25, then the maximum fraction of the length of
the chain that can hang over one edge of the table is
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 1

EXERCISE–2: Previous Year Questions

1. In a non-inertial frame, the second law of motion is written 4. Two bodies of masses of 4 kg and 6 kg are tied to the ends
[DUMET 2011] of a massless string. The string passes over a frictionless
(a) F = ma (b) F = ma + Fp pulley. The acceleration of the system is
(c) F = ma – Fp (d) F = 2ma [Kerala CEE 2011]
Ans: (c)
g g
Sol: In a non-inertial frame, the second law of (a) (b)
3 5
motion is written as F = ma - Fp
where, Fp is the pseudo force while a is the acceleration of g g
(c) (d)
the body relative to non-inertial frame. 10 4
2. Forces in the ratio 1 : 2 act simultaneously on a particle. Ans: (b)
The resultant of these forces is three times the first force.
Sol: From the figure
The angle between them in [Kerala CEE 2011]
(a) 0° (b) 60°
(c) 90° (d) 45°
Ans: (a)
Sol: Suppose, the forces are of magnitude F and 2F, then the
resultant of these forces is 3F = F + 2F As, R2 = P2 + Q2 +
2PQ cos θ
So, 9F2 = F2 + 4F2 + 4F2 cos θ
Þ cos θ = 1
Þ θ = 0°
3. The resultant of two forces acting at an angle of 120° is 10
For mass 4 kg, T – 4g = 4a …(i)
kg-wt and is perpendicular to one of the forces. That force
is [KCET 2011] For mass 6 kg, 6g – T = 6a …(ii)
On adding both equations, we get
(a) 10 3 kg-wt (b) 20 3 kg-wt
2g = 10 a
10 g
(c) 10 kg-wt (d) kg-wt Þa=
3 5
Ans: (d) 5. A man of mass 60 kg is riding in a lift. The weight of the
Sol: The figure can be drawn as below man, when the lift is accelerating upwards and downwards
at 2 ms-2, are respectively (take, g = 10 ms-2) [AMU 2011]
(a) 720 N and 480 N (b) 480 N and 720 N
(c) 600 N and 600 N (d) None of these
Ans: (a)
Sol: When the lift is accelerating upwards with a constant
acceleration a, then the apparent weight,
1
Here, tan 30° = w = m g + a = 60 10 + 2
3
= 60 ´12 = 720 N
1 x When the lift is accelerating downwards at the rate a, then
Þ =
10
3 apparent weight,
10
Þx= kg-wt w ' = m g - a = 60 10 - 2
3
= 60 ´ 8 = 480 N
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 2

6. A stone is dropped from a height h. It hits the ground with (a) 6 mg (b) zero
a certain momentum p. If the same stone is dropped from (c) 2 mg (d) 3 mg
a height 100% more than the previous height, the Ans. (b)
momentum when it hits the ground will change by: Sol. When all the blocks have same constant velocity the net
force will be zero hence option b) is corrct.
(AIPMT 2012)
8. Assertion The driver in a vehicle moving with a constant
(a) 200% (b) 100% speed on a straight road is in a non-inertial frame of
(c) 68% (d) 41% reference
Ans. (d) Reason A reference frame in which Newton’s laws of motion
are applicable is non-inertial [AIIMS 2013]
Sol. Stone’s initial velocity is zero, when it reaches ground
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
from height (h), its velocity can be calculated using the correct explanation of Assertion.
Newton’s equation; (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
2 2 not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Þv = u + 2 gh
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
2
Þv = 0 + 2 gh (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
(e) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Þ v = 2 gh
Ans: (d)
Now height is increased by 100%, so new height will be,
Sol: A frame (vehicle) which moving with constant speed, i.e.
h ¢ = 2h and its velocity when it hits the ground, v’ acceleration = 0 is an inertial frame of reference and
Newton’s laws of motion are applicable in it
2 2 Hence, option (d) is correct.
Þ v ' = u + 2 g (2h )
9. The force F acting on a particle of mass m indicated by
2
Þ v ' = 0 + 4 gh force-time graph shown below. The charge in linear
Þ v ' = 4 gh momentum of the particle over time interval from 0 to 8s is
: (NEET 2014)
% change in its momentum;

p¢ - p
Þ %change = ´ 100
p
2 m gh - m 2 gh
Þ %change = ´ 100 = 41%
m 2 gh
(a) 6 N s (b) 24 N s
7. Three blocks with masses m, 2m and 3m are connected by
(c) 20 N s (d) 12 N s
strings as shown in the figure. After an upward force F is
Ans. (d)
applied on block m, the masses move upward at constant
Sol.
speed v. What is the net force on the block of mass 2m ?
(g is the acceleration due to gravity) (NEET 2013)

We know the Newton’s second law;

LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 3

dp From Newton’s second law of motion,

ÞF =
dt dp
Fµ
ÞV p = ò Fdt dt
Thus change in momentum is the area under the graph for Þ F µ t , force is dependent linearly on time.
F-t curve. 12. The tension in the string in the pulley system shown in
the figure is [JIPMER 2014]
1
Þ Dp = ´ 2´ 6 - 3´ 2 + 4´ 3
2
Þ Dp = 12 N - s
10. A balloon with mass m is descending down with an
acceleration a (where a < g). How much mass should be
removed from its so that it starts moving up with an
acceleration a? (NEET 2014)

ma 2ma
(a) g - a (b) g + a

2ma ma (a) 75 N (b) 80 N

(c) g - a (d) g + a (c) 7.5 N (d) 30 N
Ans: (a)
Ans. (b) Sol: Equations for the given system
Sol. Here air drag force (F) is acting in the upward direction. For 10 kg mass,
Equation of motion for a going down balloon; 10 g – T = 10a …(i)
Þ mg - F = ma For 6 kg mass, T – 6g = 6a …(ii)
Þ F = mg - ma
Equation of motion for going up balloon with reduced mass;

Þ F - m - m¢ g = m - m¢ a
Air drag would remain same, so we can write it down as;
Þ mg - ma - m - m ¢ g = m - m ¢ a
Þ m ¢ g + a = 2 ma
2ma
Þ m¢ =
g+a
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
11. The linear momentum of a particle varies with time t T = 75 N
as p = a + bt + ct2. Then, which of the following is correct?
13. Three identical blocks of masses m = 2 kg are drawn by a
[EAMCET 2014] force 10.2 N on a frictionless surface. What is the tension
(a) Velocity of particle is inversely proportional to time (in N) in the string between the blocks B and C ?
(b) Displacement of the particle is independent of time [UKPMT2014]
(c) Force varies with time in a quadratic manner
(d) Force is linearly dependent on time
Ans: (d)
Sol: Given, p = a + bt + ct2
Differentiating with respect to t (time), we get
(a) 9.2 (b) 8
dp
= 0 + b + 2ct (c) 3.4 (d) 9.8
dt
Ans: (c)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 4

Sol: Given, m1 = m2 = m3 = 2 kg, Þ F = m A + mB + mC a

F = 10.2 in a frictionless surface as shown in free body
diagram Þ 14 = 4 + 2 + 1 a
14 2
Þa= = 2m / s
7
Now we draw a free body diagram for block A as shown
For body A, F – T1 = ma …(i) above and write equation of motion;
For body B, T1 – T = ma …(ii)
Þ F - f = m Aa
For body C, T = ma …(iii)
Adding these equations, F = 3 ma Þ 14 - f = 4 ´ 2

10.2 Þ f = 14 - 8 = 6 N
a= = 1.7 ms -2
3´ 2 15. A spring of force constant k is cut into lengths of ratio
From Eq. (iii), 1:2:3. They are connected in series and the new force
constant is k’. Then, they are connected in parallel and
we get T = 2 × 1.7 = 3.4 N
force constant is k’’. Then k’ : k’’ is : (NEET 2017)
Alternative method
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 11
Acceleration can be found as net acceleration of a system,
i.e. (c) 1 : 14 (d) 1 : 6
Ans. (b)
Total net force 10.2 10.2
a= = = = 1.7 m/s 2 Sol. For a spring;
Total mass 2+2+2 6
1
So, net tension in string between the blocks B and C is Þkµ
length
T = m ´ a = 2 ´ 1.7 = 3.4 N
Let’s assume that complete length of spring is 6l.
14. Three blocks A, B and C of masses 4 kg, 2 kg and 1 kg
Then;
respectively are in contact on a frictionless surface as
shown. If a force of 14 N is applied on the 4 kg block then Þ k ´ 6l = k1 ´ 1l = k 2 ´ 2 l = k3 ´ 3l
the contact force between A and B is : (NEET 2015)
For spring 1, k1 = 6 k

For spring 2, k 2 = 3k

(a) 6N (b) 8N For spring 3, k3 = 2k

(c) 18N (d) 2N For series combination;
Ans. (a) 1 1 1 1
Sol. Þ = + +
k¢ k1 k2 k3
1 1 1
= + +
6 k 3k 2k
All the three blocks are on a smooth surface, so no friction Þ k¢ = k
force is acting. For parallel combination;
Let’s assume that contact force between block A and B is Þ k ¢¢ = k1 + k 2 + k3 = 6 k + 3k + 2 k
f.
Force applied on block A (4 kg), F = 14N Þ k ¢¢ = 11k

Equation of motion for the combined blocks can be written Ratio;

as; k¢ 1
Þ =
k ¢¢ 11
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 5

16. Two blocks A and B of masses 3m and m respectively are 17. Four blocks of same mass connected by strings are pulled
connected by a massless and inextensible string. The by a force F on a smooth horizontal surface as shown in
whole system is suspended by a massless spring as shown figure. Thetension T1, T2 and T3 will be [AIIMS 2017]
in figure. The magnitudes of acceleration of A and B
immediately after the string is cut, are respectively:
(NEET 2017)
1 3 1
(a) T1 = F, T2 = F, T3 = F
4 2 4

1 1 1
(b) T1 = F, T2 = F, T3 = F
4 2 2

3 1 1
(c) T1 = F, T2 = F, T3 = F
4 2 4
g g 3 1 1
(a) g, (b) ,g (d) T1 = F, T2 = F, T3 = F
3 3 4 2 2
g g Ans: (c)
(c) g, g (d) , Sol: Given situation can be represented as,
3 3
Ans. (b) F ¬ m1 ® T1 ¬ m 2 ® T2 ¬ m3 ® T3 ¬ m 4
Sol.
m 2 + m3 + m 4
T1 = F
m1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4

Given, m1 = m 2 = m 3 = m 4 = m

3
\ T1 = F
4

m3 + m 4 F
Similarly, T2 =
m1 + m2 + m3 + m 4

1
\ T2 = F
2

m4F
Before cutting the string; Also, T3 = m + m + m + m
From FBD of block A, 1 2 3 4

Þ 4 mg = 3mg + T 1
Þ T3 = F
From FBD of block B, 4
Þ T = mg 18. Two masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are connected
After cutting the string by a massless spring as shown in figure. A force of 200 N
From FBD of A, acts on the 20 kg mass. At the instant shown is figure, the
10 kg mass has acceleration of 12 m/s2. The value of
Þ 3ma A = 4mg - 3mg acceleration of 20 kg mass is [JIPMER 2017 ]
mg g
Þ aA = =
3m 3
From FBD of B,
Þ mg = ma B (a) 4 m/s2 (b) 10 m/s2
Þ aB = g (c) 20 m/s2 (d) 30 m/s2
Ans: (a)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 6

Sol: Equation of motion of mass m1 = 10 kg is (a) (b)

2 Mg 3 Mg
F = m1a1 = 10 × 12 = 120N
Force on 10kg mass is 120 N to the right. As action and (c) 2 Mg (d) 3 Mg
reaction are equal and opposite, the reaction force –F on Ans: (b)
20 kg mass F = 120 N to the left. Sol: As there is a load at P, so tension in AP and PB will be
Equation of motion of mass m2 = 20 kg is different. Let these be T1 and T2 respectively. For vertical
200 – F = 20 a2 equilibrium of P,
200 – 120 = 20 a2
20a2 = 80
80
a2 = = 4 m/s 2
20
19. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined wedge
ABC of inclination q as shown in the figure. The wedge is
given an acceleration ‘ a’ towards the right. The relation
between a and q for the block to remain stationary on the
wedge is : (NEET 2018)
g
(a) a = g cos q (b) a = sin q
T2 cos60° = Mg
g i.e., T2 = 2Mg …(i)
(c) a = cosec q (d) a = g tan q and for horizontal equilibrium of P,
Ans. (d) T1 = T2 sin 60° = T2 3/2
Sol.
Substituting the value of T2 from Eq. (i),

T1 = 2Mg ´ 3 / 2 = 3 Mg

21. A body of mass 5 kg is suspended by a spring balance on an

inclined plane as shown in figure.

As wedge is moving with an acceleration (a) then block

will experience a pseudo force in the opposite direction.
Surface of the wedge is smooth, so block will not
experience any friction. So, force applied on spring balance is [AIIMS 2018]
Balancing the forces applied on block as shown in the (a) 50 N (b) 25 N
above diagram; (c) 500 N (d) 10 N
Þ ma cos q = mg sin q Ans: (b)
Þ a = g tan q Sol: Acceleration of the body down the inclined plane = g sinθ.
20. A mass M is hung with a light inextensible string as shown Force applied on spring balance
in the figure. Find the tension of the horizontal string.
[JIPMER 2018]

= mg sin q = 5 ´10 ´ sin 30°

1
= 5 ´ 10 ´ = 25N
2
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 7

r Ans. (d)
22. A particle moving with velocity V is acted by three forces
shown by the vector triangle PQR. The velocity of the Sol.
particle will: (NEET 2019)

(a) decrease
(b) remain constant
uuur
(c) change according to the smallest force QR
(d) increase
æ dv ö
Ans. (b) mv ç ÷ = mg - kx
è dx ø
Sol.
Þ mvdv = (mg - kx)dx
Integrating, we get
0 x

ò mvdv = ò (mg - kx)dx

0 0
x
é x2 ù
Þ 0 = ê mgx - k ú
ë 2 û0
x2
We know that when three vectors in the same order form a Þ mgx = k
triangle, then its resultant will be zero. 2
Þ kx = 2mg
So net applied force on the particle moving with velocity
(v); Tension in the spring is given by;

Þ Fnet = 0 Þ T = kx = 2mg
24. Assertion A glass ball is dropped on concrete floor can
From Newton’s second law;
easily get broken compared if it is dropped on wooden
dp floor.
ÞF= =0 Reason On concrete floor, glass ball will take less time to
dt
come to rest. [NEET2019]
Þ p = constant (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the
Thus particle will keep moving with velocity v. correct explanation of Assertion.
23. Find the maximum tension in the spring if initially spring at (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not
its natural length when block is released from rest. the correct explanation of Assertion.
(AIIMS 2019) (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
Ans: (a)
Sol: Force exerted by concrete floor is more as compared to
wooden floor due to greater change in momentum.
Since on concrete floor, glass ball will take less time to
come to rest, so a glass ball is dropped on concrete floor
can easily get broken compared to if it is dropped on
wooden floor.
(a) mg (b) mg/2 Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is
the correct explanation of Assertion. A runner starts from
(c) 3 mg/2 (d) 2 mg
O and goes to O following path
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 8

25. A truck is stationary and has a bob suspended by a light 26. Two bodies of mass 4 kg and 6 kg are tied to the ends of a
string, in a frame attached to the truck. The truck, suddenly massless string. The string passes over a pulley which is
moves to the right with an acceleration of a. The pendulum frictionless (see figure). The acceleration of the system in
will tilt [NEET (Odisha)2019] terms of acceleration due to gravity (g) is (NEET 2020)
(a) to the left and the angle of inclination of the pendulum
-1 æ g ö
with the vertical is sin ç ÷
èaø
(b) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum

-1 æ a ö
with the vertical is tan ç ÷
ègø
(c) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum g g
(a) (b)
-1 æ a ö 5 10
with the vertical is sin ç ÷
ègø g
(c) g (d)
(d) to the left and angle of inclination of the pendulum 2
Ans: (a)
-1 æ g ö
with the vertical is tan ç ÷
èaø Sol: 6g - T = 6a ...(i)
Ans: (b) T – 4g = 4a. ...(ii)
Sol: As the truck move to the right, so the bob will move to the By equation (i) and (ii)
left due to inertia of rest with acceleration a. Thus, the 2g = 10a
given situation can be drawn as
g
a= m / s2
5

Friction
27. Block A of mass 2 kg is placed over block B of mass 8 kg.
The combination is placed over a rough horizontal
surface. Coefficient of friction between B and the floor is
0.5. Coefficient of friction between the blocks A and B is
0.4. A horizontal force of 10 N is applied on the block B.
The force of friction between the blocks A and B is (g = 10
Now from equilibrium of forces in above diagram (b),
ms-2) [KCET 2011]
we get
ma cos q = mg sin q
sin q ma
Þ =
cos q mg
ma
The tangent angle is tan q =
mg
æaö (a) 100 N (b) 40 N
Þ q = tan -1 ç ÷
ègø (c) 50 N (d) zero
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 9

Ans: (d) Ans: (b)

Sol: Total mass of blocks A and Sol: When an object moves in a plane surface with uniform
B = 2 + 8 = 10 kg velocity in the presence of a force, then the frictional force
Friction between surface and combination of A and B. between the object and the surface has opposite value of
the present force. So, the frictional force between the
F = mR = 0.5 ´ 10 ´ 10 = 50 N Q R = mg object and the surface is – 10 N.
Here applied force on box B is 10 N that is less than 50 N. 31. In the figure given, the system is in equilibrium. What is
So, the system will be in rest. Because of this there will be the maximum value that w can have if the friction force on
no friction between blocks A and B. the 40 N block cannot exceed 12.0 N? [AMU 2012]
28. A conveyor belt is moving at a constant speed of 2 m/s. A
box is gently dropped on it. The coefficient of friction
between them is m = 0.5. The distance that the box will
move relative to belt before coming to rest on it, taking g =
10 ms–2, is (AIPMT 2011)
(a) zero (b) 0.4 m
(c) 1.2 m (d) 0.6 m
Ans. (b) (a) 3.45 N (b) 6.92 N
Sol. We know that, (c) 10.35 N (d) 12.32 N
Ans: (b)
a = mg
Sol: For equilibrium at point p,
a = 0.5 ´10
T = T’cos 30°
a = 5ms -2
and T’ sin 30° = w
Here final velocity with respect to belt will be zero, T = mR = 12 N
\ 12 = T’ cos 30°
v2 - u 2
s=
2a 12 ´ 2 24
Þ T' = =
0-4 3 3
=
10
s = 0.4m
Taking total distance in positive.
29. A cubical block rests on an inclined plane of coefficient of
friction m = 1/ 3. What should be the angle of inclination so
that the block just slides down the inclined plane?
[J & K CET 2011]
(a) 30° (b) 60° As T’ sin 30° = w
(c) 45° (d) 90° 12
Ans: (a) So, w max = = 6.92 N
3
Sol: As tan = m
32. A body of mass m is placed on a rough surface with
Þ tan q = 1/ 3 coefficient of friction µ, inclined at θ. If the mass is in
equilibrium, then [KCET 2014]
Þ tan q = tan 30°
Angle of inclination q = 30° æ1ö
(a) q = tan -1 m (b) q = tan -1 ç ÷
30. An object is moving on a plane surface with uniform velocity èmø
10 ms–1 in presence of a force 10 N. The frictional force between
the object and the surface is [DUMET 2011] -1 m m
(c) q = tan m
-1
(d) q = tan
(a) 1 N (b) -10 N m
(c) 10 N (d) 100 N Ans: (a)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 10

Sol: Consider a body of mass m is placed on a rough inclined

surface and it is just on the point of sliding down, with
coefficient of friction µ inclined at angle θ as shown in
figure. At the equilibrium point O,

g(1 - 2m) g(1 - gm)

(a) (b)
2 9

In case of limiting condition, 2gm g(1 - 2m)

F = mg sin q …(i) (c) (d)
3 3
Normal force, R = mg cosq …(ii)
Ans. (d)
Now, comparing Eqs. (i), (ii), we get Sol.
F mg sin q
= (Q force of friction F = mR)
R mg cos q

Þ m = tan q Þ q = tan -1 m
This is maximum value of θ for mass m to be at rest. For
smaller θ, body will be at rest, i.e. in equilibrium So, angle
of repose, i.e. è = tan-1 µ.
33. A wooden block of mass 8 kg slides down an inclined plane
of inclination 30° to the horizontal with constant acceleration
0.4 m/s2 . The force of friction between the block and the All three block have same mass, m
inclined plane is (take, g = 10 m/s2) [MHT CET 2014]
All three block will have same acceleration, a
(a) 12.2 N (b) 24.4 N
Tension in the string, T
(c) 36.8 N (d) 48.8 N
Friction force acting on mass blocks on the horizontal
Ans: (c)
table,
Sol: Here, mg sin q - f = ma
Þ f = m mg
Equations of motion for blocks on the table;

Þ m2 a + m3 a = T - f2 - f3

Þ 2 ma = T - 2 m mg
Þ mg sinq – ma = f Þ T = 2 ma + 2 m mg
Þ 8 ´ 10 sin 30° – 8 ´ 0.4 = f
Þ 40 – 3.2 = f Þ f = 36.8 N Equation of motion for hanging block;
34. A system consists of three masses m1, m2 and m3 connected Þ m1 a = m1 g - T
by a string passing cover a pulley P. The mass m1 hangs Þ ma = mg - T
freely and m2 and m3 are on rough horizontal table (the
coefficient of friction = m). The pulley is frictionless and of Putting value of T;
negligible mass. The downward acceleration of mass m1 is Þ ma = mg - 2 ma - 2 m mg
(Assume m1 = m2 = m3 = m) (NEET 2014)
g 1 - 2m
Þa=
3
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 11

35. A plank with a box on it at one end is gradually raised the rough surface is : (NEET 2016)
about the other end. As the angle of inclination with the 3 2
horizontal reaches 30°, the box starts to slip and slides (a) tan q (b) tan q
4 3
4.0m down the plank in 4.0s. The coefficient of static and
1 1
kinetic friction between the box and the plank will be, (c) tan q (d) tan q
respectively. (NEET 2015) 4 2
Ans. (a)
Sol. Time (t) taken to travel s distance on an inclined plane
(smooth plane), then;
1 2
Þs= g sin q t
2

Equation of motion for an object sliding down a rough

(a) 0.4 and 0.3 (b) 0.6 and 0.6 surface;
(c) 0.6 and 0.5 (d) 0.5 and 0.6 Þ ma = mg sin q - m mg cos q
Ans. (c)
Þ a = sin q - m cos q g
Sol.
Time (2t) taken to travel s distance on an inclined rough
surface, then;
1 2
Þs= ´ sin q - m cos q g ´ 2t
2
From above solved two equations for distance (s) on a
smooth and a rough surface, we can write;
Þ sin q = sin q - m cos q 4
3
Þm= tan q
Angle of inclination, q = 30° 4
37. A box of mass 8 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane of
Static coefficient of friction is given by;
inclination 30°. Its downward motion can be prevented by
Þ m s = tan q applying a horizontal force F, then value of F for which
friction between the block and the incline surface is minimum,
Þ m s = tan 30 ° = 0.6 is [JIPMER 2017]
Newton’s equation of motion for sliding down block; 80
Block travel 4 meters distance (s) in 4 sec (t) before stop. (a) (b) 40 3
3
1 2
Þ s = ut + at 40
2 (c) (d) 80 3
3
1 2
Þ 4 =0+ a´4 Ans: (a)
2
Sol: For friction to be minimum
2
Þ a = 0.5 m / s
Equation of motion for sliding block;
Þ ma = mg sin 30° - mk mg cos 30°

1 3
Þ 0.5 = 10 ´ - mk ´ 10 ´
2 2
Þ mk = 0.5
36. A body takes times t to reach the bottom of an inclined F cosq = mg sin q
plane of angle q with the horizontal. If the plane is made
rough, time taken now is 2t. The coefficient of friction of
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 12

80 3
F = mg tan q = \ m=
3 4 cot q
39. Assertion Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting
38. A piece of ice slides down a rough inclined plane at 45°
friction.
inclination in twice the time that it takes to slide down an
Reason When a body is just at the point of motion, the
identical but frictionless inclined plane. What is the
force of friction of this stage is called as limiting friction.
coefficient of friction between ice and incline?
[AIIMS 2018]
[AIIMS 2018]
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is
3 4 the correct explanation of Assertion
(a) (b)
7 cot q 7 cot q (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is
3 7 not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) (d) (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
4 cot q 9 cot q
Ans: (c) (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Ans: (a)
Sol: Given, = 45°,
Sol: Angle of repose is equal to angle of limiting friction and
s1 = s2, u = 0
maximum value of static friction is called the limiting
On the rough incline friction.
a1 = g (sinq - m cosq), t1 = time taken on the friction less Hence, option (a) is correct.
incline,
40. A body of mass m is kept on a rough horizontal surface
a2 = g sinq (coefficient of friction = µ). Horizontal force is applied on
t2 = time taken, on rough incline the body, but it does not move. The resultant of normal
t1 = 2t2 reaction and the frictional force acting on the object is
given F, where F is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
1 2
as, s = ut + at
2 (a) F = mg + mmg (b) F = mmg
1 2
so, s1 = 0 + g sin q - m cos q t1 (c) F £ mg 1 + m 2 (d) F = mg
2
1 2
Ans: (c)
and, s 2 = 0 + g sin qt 2 Sol: The situation can be drawn as
2
as s1 = s2,
1 1
g sin q - m cos q t12 = g sin qt 22
2 2
sin q - m cos q t 22
Þ = 2
sin q t1
t 22
Þ 1 - m cot q = 2
2t 2
Þ 1 - m cot q = 1 / 4
1 3 The frictional force, f = µN = µmg Q N = mg
Þ m cot q = 1 - =
4 4 From Free body diagram (FBD), the resultant force is

F = N2 + f 2

2 2
= mg + mmg = mg 1 + m 2
This is the minimum force required to move the object. But
as the body is not moving

\ F £ mg 1 + m 2
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 1

EXERCISE–3: Achiever Section

1. A man of mass 60 kg is standing on a horizontal conveyor Initially acceleration ‘a’ of the system is
belt. When the belt is given an acceleration of 1 ms–2, the
man remains stationary with respect to the moving belt. If 3g - 2g
a=
g = 10 ms–2, the net force acting on the man is : 3+ 2
g
Þa=
5

At 5s.
v= u+at
(a) zero (b) 120 N
g
(c) 60 N (d) 600 N Þ v = 0+ ´ 5
Ans. (c) 5
Sol. Q man is stationary w.r.t conveyor belt
Þ v = g = 9.8m/s

Q acceleration of man = 1m/s 2 When string breaks at t = 5s , the mass 2kg moves under
So net force acting on the man is gravity. So height reached can be calculated as
2
Fnet = mass ´ acceleration = 60 ´1= 60N v2 9.8 9.8
h= = = = 4.9m
2. A particle of mass 0.3 kg is subjected to a force F = – kx 2 g 2 ´ 9.8 2
with k = 15 Nm–1. What will be its initial accleration, if it is h = 4.9m
released from a point 20 cm away the origin ? 4. A boby of mass m is suspended by two strings making
(a) 3 ms–2 (b) 15 ms–2 angles a and b with the horizontal. Tensions in the two
–2
(c) 5 ms (d) 10 ms–2 strings are
Ans. (d)
Sol. F = -kx = -15 x = -15 0.2 = -3
F -3
a= = = -10 ms -2 Þ a = 10 ms -2
m 0.3
3. A mass of 3 kg descending vertically downward supports
a mass of 2 kg by means of a light string passing over a
pulley. At the end of 5 s the string breaks. How much high
from now the 2 kg mass will go ? (g = 9.8 m/s2)
(a) 4.9 m (b) 9.8 m
(c) 16.9 m (d) 2.45 m
Ans. (a)
Sol.

mg cos b
(a) T1 = = T2
sin a + b

mg sin b
(b) T1 = = T2
sin a + b

mg cos b mg cos a
(c) T1 = , T2 =
sin a + b sin a + b
(d) none of these
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 2

Ans. (c) Ans. (c)

Sol. Sol.

Fnet on system = 3g - 1g = 2g
Mass of system =(1+6+3)kg

Acceleration of system = Fnet = 2g = 2m/s 2

M 10
6. Two fixed frictionless inclined plane making an angle 30°
and 60° with the vertical are shown in the figure. Two blocks
A and B are placed on the two planes. What is the relative
vertical acceleration of A with respect to B ?
From equilibrium of block
T2 sinβ +T1 sinα =mg --(1)
T1 cosa = T2 cosβ --(2)
T1 cosa
T2 =
cosβ

cosa (a) 4.9 ms–2 in horizontal direction

T1 sinβ +T1 sinα = mg
cosβ (b) 9.8 ms–2 in vertical direction
mg cosβ (c) zero
Þ T1 =
sin(α + β) (d) 4.9 ms–2 in vertical direction
Ans. (d)
mg cosa Sol. for any block,
Similarly, T2 =
sin(α + β)
5. Three masses of 1 kg, 6 kg and 3 kg are connected to each
other with threads and are placed on a table as shown in
figure. If g = 10 ms–2, the acceleration with which the system
is moving is

a y = g sin 2 q
g
(a) zero (b) 1 ms–2 a y ® A wrt B = g sin 2 60 - sin 2 30 = = 4.9 m / s 2
2
(c) 2 ms–2 (d) 3 ms–2 in vertical direction
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 3

7. Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 4.8 kg tied to a string are

hanging over a light frictionless pulley. What is the
acceleration of the masses when lift is free to move ?
(g = 9.8 ms–2)

(a) 2 Mg (b) 2 mg

(c) 2
M + m + m 2g (d) æç M+m 2
+ M 2 ö÷ g
è ø
Ans. (d)
Sol. Horizontal Force, Tension T = Mg
Vertical Force = M + m g
Resultant Force
2 2 2
= M + m g + Mg =g M +m +M2
10. Two particles of mass m each are tied at the ends of a light
string of length 2a. The whole system is kept on a
frictionless horizontal surface with the string held tight so
(a) 0.2 ms–2 (b) 9.8 ms–2 that each mass is at a distance a from the cener P (as
(c) 5 ms–2 (d) 4.8 ms–2 shown in the figure). Now, the mid-point of the string is
Ans. (a) pulled vertically upwards with a small but constant force
Sol. F. As a result, the particles moves towards each other on
m1 g - T = m1a ; T - m2 g = m2 a
the surface. The magnitude of acceleration, when the
m - m2 0.2
a= 1 g= 9.8 = 0.2 ms -2 separation between them becomes 2 x is
m1 + m2 9.8
8. A light string passing over a smooth light pulley connects
two blocks of masses m1 and m2 (vertically). If the
acceleration of the system is g/8, then the ratio of the
masses is :
(a) 8 : 1 (b) 9 : 7
(c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
Ans. (b)
Sol.
m 2g - T = m 2a ; T - m1g = m1a F a F x
(a) 2m 2 2 (b) 2m
Þ T = m 2 g - m 2 a = m1g + m1a a -x a - x2
2

g F x F a2 - x2
using a = (c) (d)
8 2m a 2m x
m2 9 Ans. (b)
= Sol.
m1 7
7 9
Þ T = m2 . g = m g
8 8 1
9. A string of negligible mass going over a clamped pulley of
mass m supports a block of mass M as shown in the figure.
The force on the pulley by the clamp is given by :
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 4

a2 - x2
tan q = 2Tsin q = F
x
F
T= cos ecq
2
T cos q = ma
F cot q F x
a= =
2m 2m a - x 2
2

11. Find the tension T needed to hold the cart in equilibrium, if

there is no friction

ur r
Q T.a =0
Þ Ta 1 - 2Ta 2 = 0
Þ a1 = 2a 2 ---(1)
3 2 For m1 block
(a) W (b) W
4 2 T = m1a1 ---(2)
2 4 For m 2 block
(c) W (d) W
3 3 m 2 g - 2T = m 2 a 2 ---(3)
Ans: (a) Put (1) and (2) in (3)
Sol: W cos 30 ° = N, and T = N sin 30 ° m 2 g - 2m1 (2a 2 ) = m 2 a 2
Þ m 2 g = (m 2 + 4m1 )a 2
3
\ T = W cos30° sin 30° = W m2g
4 Þ a2 =
12. In the arrangement shown, if the surface is smooth, the m 2 + 4m1
acceleration of the block m2 will be 13. A ball is suspended by a thread from the ceiling of a car.
The brakes are applied and the speed of the car changes
uniformly from 10 m/s to zero in 5s. The angle by which the
ball deviates from the vertical (g = 10 m/s2) is :

-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
(a) tan ç ÷ (b) sin ç ÷
è 3ø è5ø

-1 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
(c) tan ç ÷ (d) cot ç ÷
è5ø è 3ø
m 2g 2m 2 g
(a) 4m + m (b) 4m + m Ans. (c)
1 2 1 2
Sol. Applying v = u + at
2m 2 g 2m1g
(c) m + 4 m (d) m + m v=0,u =10m/s, t =5s
1 2 1 2
Ans. (a) 0 =10 ´ a ´ 5
Sol. Þ a = - 2m/s 2
 15. In the figure, the blocks A, B and C of mass m each have
acceleration a1, a2 and a3 respectively. F1 and F2 are external
forces of magnitudes 2 mg and mg respectively.

For equilibrium of ball

(a) a1 = a2 = a3
T cosθ = mg and T sinθ = ma
(b) a1 > a3 > a2
T sinθ ma
Þ = (c) a1 = a2, a2 > a3
T cosθ mg
a (d) a1 > a2, a2 = a3
Þ tanθ =
g Ans. (b)
2 1 Sol.
tanθ = =
10 5
æ1ö
θ = tan -1 ç ÷
è5ø
14. In the arrangement shown, the pulleys are fixed and ideal,
the strings are light m1 > m2 and S is a spring balance
which is itself massless. The reading of S (in unit of mass)
is: (g = 10m/s2)

Case A Case B Case C

Fnet =2mg-mg Fnet =2mg-mg
Fnet =F1 -mg
=mg =mg
=2mg-mg
(a) 100 N (b) 200 N mg mg
mg Þ a2 = Þ a3 =
200 400 Þ a1 = =g 3m 2m
(c) N (d) N m g g
3 3 Þ a1 =g Þ a2 = Þ a3 =
3 2
An: (d)
Sol: \ a1 > a 3 > a 2
The reading of the spring balance will be equal to T, 16. In the device the acceleration of block A is 1 m/s2. The
Where acceleration of block B will be
é 2m1m 2 ù 400
T=ê úg = N
m
ë 1 + m 2 û 3
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 6

(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2 m/s2 5 3

(a) g (b) g
(c) 4 m/s2 (d) 6 m/s2 4 2
Ans: (b) g g
(c) (d)
Sol: 2 4
Ans: (a)
Sol: For the system as a whole,
mg
= 2m a x
2
g
\ ax =
4
mg
For block A, = ma y
2
Acceleration of pulley P = acc of block A = 1 m/s2
g
So acceleration of block B = 2 ´ acc. Of pulley P \ ay =
2
= 2 ´ 1 = 2 m/s2
2 2
17. A block A has a velocity of 0.6 m/s to the right, determine 2 2 ægö ægö
thevelocity of cylinder B. Thus a A = a x + a y = ç ÷ + ç ÷
è4ø è2ø

5
= g
4
19. A sphere of mass m is held between two smooth inclined
3
walls. For sin 37° = , the normal reaction of the wall (2) is
5
(a) 1.2 m/s (b) 2.4 m/s equal to :
(c) 1.8 m/s (d) 3.6 m/s
Ans: (c)
Sol:
3x A + x B = l (constant)
\ 3vA + v B = 0
Or vB = -3v A
= -3 ´ 0.6 = -1.8 m/s
18. Two blocks each of mass m in the device are pulled by a 16 mg 25 mg
(a) (b)
force F = mg/2 as shown in figure. All the contact surface 25 21
are smooth. The acceleration of block A is
39 mg
(c) (d) mg
25
Ans. (d)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 7

Sol. Using Lami’s theorm 21. Two blocks A and B are placed on a table and joined by a
string (figure). The limiting friction for both blocks is F.
The tension in the string is T. The forces of friction acting
on the blocks are FA and FB. An external horizontal force P
= 3F/2 acts on A, directed away from B. Then

3F F
(a) FA = FB = T = (b) FA = , FB = F, T = F
4 2
F F
(c) FA = FB = 3 , T = 0 (d) FA = F, FB = T =
N2 4 2
mg
= sin 180° – 37° = sin 180° – 37° = N2 = mg Ans. (d)
Sol. Forces acting on entire combination of A and B:
20. A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. It is
3F
subjected to a force F (t) = f0e–bt in the x direction. It speed For motion: P > FA + FB >F+F
2
v(t) is depicted by which of the following curves ?
which is false. Hence the bodies remain at rest.
Forces acting on A:

P = T + FA
3F
=T + F Q P > limiting friction on A, \ FA = F
2
F
T=
2
Forces acting on B:

F
T = FB = Q T < Maximum of limting force
2

Ans. (b) 22. For the arrangement shown in the figure the tension in the
Sol. string is

(a) 6N (b) 6.4 N

(c) 0.4 N (d) zero
Ans. (d)
f0 -bt
a t = e
m
t t t
f f é e-bt ù f0
v t = ò a dt =ò 0 e -bt = o ê ú = 1 - e -bt
0 0
m m ë - b û0 mb
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 8

Sol. From F.B. D. of block

\ limiting friction
f lim = m s N
= 0.8 ´ 1g ´ cos 37o
4
= 0.8 ´ 1´10 ´ F
5 f s = F cos 60o = ... 1
2
32
= = 6.4 N or N = mg + F sin 60o
6
\ Component of weight down the incline F 3
Þ N = mg + ... 2
o 3 2
= 1g sin 37 = 10 ´ = 6 N \ f lim = m N
5
\ f lim = 6.4 N æ F 3ö 1 æ F 3ö
Þ f lim = m çç mg + ÷÷ = çç mg + ÷ ... 3
\ Static friction can alone balance the weight component. è 2 ø 2 3è 2 ÷ø
So tension in the string will remain zero.
\ f s £ f lim
23. What is the maximum value of the force F such that the
F mg F
block shown in the arrangement, does not move ? Þ £ +
2 2 3 4
F mg
Þ £
4 2 3
2mg
ÞF£
3
2´ 3 ´ g
ÞF£
3
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N Þ F £ 2g
(c) 12 N (d) 15 N Þ F £ 20
Ans. (a) 24. The system is pushed by a force F as shown in figure All
Sol. surfaces are smooth except between B and C. Friction
coefficient between B and C is m. Minimum value of F to
prevent block B from downward slipping is

æ 3 ö æ 5 ö
(a) ç ÷ mg (b) ç ÷ mg
è 2m ø è 2m ø

æ5ö æ3ö
(c) ç ÷ m mg (d) ç ÷ m mg
è2ø è2ø
Ans. (b)
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 9

Sol. Horizontal acceleration of the system is:

F F
a= =
2m + m + 2m 5m
Normal force between B and C is:
F 2
N = 2 ma = 2m ´ = F
5m 5 (a) 3.5 (b) > 2.5
B will not slide down if frictional force is more than weight (c) 3.3 (d) 3.0
of block B: Ans. (c)

2 5
N m ³ mg m F ³ mg F³ mg
5 2m
25. If m is coefficient of friction between the tyres and road,
then the minimum stopping distance for a car of mass m
moving with velocity V is Sol.

V2
(a) m V g (b)
2m g
Q System moves constant speed Þ acceleration = 0
mV Þ 10 g sin 30o - m 10 g cos 30o = Mg
(c) V2 mg (d) 2 g .
1 3
Þ 10 ´ - 0.2 ´ 10 ´ =M
Ans. (b) 2 2
Sol. Þ 5- 3 = M
Þ M = 5 - 1.732 = 3.3kg
Þ M = 3.3 kg
27. A wedge of mass 2m and a cube of mass m are shown in
figure. Between cube and wedge, there is no friction. The
minimum coefficient of friction between wedge and ground
so that wedge does not move is

The retardation of car is due to kinetic friction fk

f k m mg
Þa= =
m m (a) 0.10 (b) 0.20
Þ a = mg (c) 0.25 (d) 0.50
Q V 2 = u 2 + 2as Ans. (b)
Þ V 2 = -2 m g ´ s Sol.

V2
Þs= is the stopping distance.
m 2g
26. Two blocks are connected over a massless pulley as shown
in figure. The mass of block A is 10 kg and the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.2. Block A slides down the incline at
constant speed. The mass of block B in kg is
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 10

So cube of mass m will slide down the incline Sol.

So N = mg cos q ... 1

Let the maximum length which can hang over the table in
equilibrium is x .
Let mass per unit length =l
From equilibrium of wedge
N ¢ = N cos q + 2 mg
= mg cos q cos q + 2mg
= mg cos 2 q + 2mg
= mg cos 2 45o + 2mg
2
æ 1 ö
= mg ç ÷ + 2mg
è 2ø
mg 5mg
= + 2mg =
2 2
5mg
Þ N¢ = ... 2
2 For limiting equilibrium of chain
Also,
f s = N sin q lx g = mN
= mg cos q sin q l x g = ml L - x g
1 1 mg x = mL - mx
f s = mg ´ ´ = ... 3
2 2 2 Þ x 1+ m = m L
Q f s £ f lim
mL
mg 5mg Þx=
Þ fs £ m N Þ £m 1+ m
2 2 29. A block of mass m is kept on an inclined plane of a lift
1 moving down with acceleration of 2 m/s2. What should be
Þ m ³ Þ m min = 0.2
5 the coefficient of friction to let the block move down with
28. A homogeneous chain of length L lies on a table. The
constant velocity relative to lift :
coefficient of friction between the chain and the table is m.
The maximum length which can hang over the table in
equilibrium is

æ m ö æ1- m ö
(a) ç ÷L (b) ç ÷L
è m +1ø è m ø

æ1- m ö æ 2m ö
(c) ç ÷L (d) ç ÷L 1
è1+ m ø è 2m + 1 ø (a) m = (b) m = 0.4
3
Ans. (a)
3
(c) m = 0.8 (d) m =
2
LAWS OF MOTION & FRICTION 11

Ans. (a) Q block slides with uniform velocity

Sol.
Þ mg sin 30o = ma sin 30o + m N
1 1 3
Þ mg = ma + m mg - ma
2 2 2
Qa = 2
10 2 3
Þ = + m 10 - 2
2 2 2
Þ 5 =1+ m ´4 3
1
Þm=
3
30. A parabolic bowl with its bottom at origin has the shape

x2
y= . Here, x and y are in metres. The maximum height
20
at which a small mass m can be placed on the bowl without
slipping (coefficient of static friction is 0.5) is :

(a) 2.5 m (b) 1.25 m

(c) 1.0 m (d) 4.0 m
Ans. (b)
x2 dy x
Sol. y= =
20 dx 10

Angle of repose qr is such that:

dy x
Considering equilibrium of block w.r.t edge. m = tan q r = = x = 10 m = 10 0.5 = 5
dx 10
3 3 x 2 52
N + ma = mg
2 2 Corresponding y value: y x = 5 = = = 1.25 m
20 20
3
N = mg - ma
2