Ans: D1:
• A computer virus is a program or a group of programs made to harm a computer. The full form of VIRUS
is Vital Information Resources Under Seize. A virus can spread from one device to another and damage
many computers connected in a network. It enters a computer without the user’s knowledge or
permission and harms the data. When a virus spreads, it affects important parts of the computer like
memory, speed, files, and software.
Symptoms:
• Computer shuts down and restarts frequently.
• Unexpected error messages pop up.
• Menus and dialog boxes appear distorted.
Ans: D2:
• Boot Sector Virus: A Boot Sector Virus is a type of virus that infects the boot sector of a hard disk,
which contains the master boot record (MBR) used to start the operating system. This virus becomes
active when the computer is turned on (booting up). It can prevent the system from starting properly.
Examples: Disk Killer, Stone virus.
• Difference between Boot Sector Virus and Program File Virus
Feature Boot Sector Virus Program File Virus
Infected Area Infects the boot sector of a hard disk. Infects executable files or programs.
Target Targets the Master Boot Record Targets files with extensions like .com,
(MBR). .exe, .ovl, .drv, .sys, etc.
Activation Becomes active when the computer is Becomes active when the infected file is
booting up. executed.
Spread Spreads when the system starts from Spreads when the infected program runs
an infected disk. and loads into memory.
Examples Disk Killer, Stone virus. Sunday, Cascade, etc.
Ans D3:
1) Install genuine antivirus software and keep it updated regularly to protect your system from the latest
threats.
2) Scan pen drives, external hard disks, and downloaded files before opening them to avoid virus
infections.
3) Avoid downloading and using pirated software, as they may contain harmful viruses or malware.
Ans D4:
• An antivirus is a program designed to detect, prevent, and remove viruses.
• It is important because it protects the system from virus attacks that can harm data and applications.
Ans D5:
a. Multipartite Virus (Definition):
A Multipartite Virus is a hybrid of a Boot Sector and Program File virus. It enters the system through an
infected media file and stays in the computer memory. Then it moves to the hard drive, infects the boot
sector, and spreads by infecting executable files.
Examples: Invader, Flip, Tequila, et
b. Spyware:
Spyware is a type of malicious software that enters a system without the user’s knowledge and
monitors their activities. It collects personal information like browsing habits, passwords, credit card
details, and emails, then sends it to others. It can also change system settings, slow down the
connection, and affect other programs.
c. Trojan Horse:
A Trojan Horse is a malicious program that appears to be useful but harms the computer once installed.
It tricks users into opening it and then changes system behaviour, blocks applications, or gives
unauthorized access to attackers. Unlike viruses, it doesn’t replicate and needs human action to run.
ANS E1:
This could be a symptom of a virus or malware that has created hidden or corrupted folders on the laptop.
Ans E2:
This could be due to a virus infection, possibly a Boot Sector Virus, that is interfering with the startup process.
Ans F1: Student will write its answer on their own experience…………………………………
Ans F2: If I get a warning, I will:
• First, avoid downloading from the site.
• Check the official website of the software or a trusted source.
• Look for reviews of the software.
• Scan the file with antivirus software before opening it.
• Ensure the website uses HTTPS and is not blacklisted.
