FYUGP CURRICULAR FRAMEWORK FOR BACHELORS PROGRAMME WITH

GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR
CREDITS
COURSE TYPE OF
SEMESTER TITLE OF COURSE
CODE COURSE THEORY TUTORIAL

I GGY122J CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 4 2

II GGY222J CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 4 2

III GGY322J CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: GEOGRAPHICAL THOUGHT 4 2

GGY422J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: GEOMORPHOLOGY 3 1

IV GGY422J2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOTE SENSING 4 2

GGY422J3 CT-3 GEOGRAPHY: URBAN GEOGRAPHY 4 2

GGY522J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 3 1

V GGY522J2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: HYDROLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY 4 2

GGY522J3 CT-3 GEOGRAPHY: GLACIOLOGY 4 2

GGY622J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: CLIMATOLOGY 3 1

VI GGY622J2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: FUNDAMENTALS OF GIS & GPS 4 2

GEOGRAPHY: REGIONAL PLANNING & SUSTAINABLE
GGY622J3 CT-3 DEVELOPMENT
4 2

FOR FYUGP HONOURS

GGY722J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY 3 1

VII GGY722J2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: WORLD GEOGRAPHY 4 2

GGY722J3 CT-3 GEOGRAPHY: LAND USE PLANNING 4 2

GGY822J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES 3 1

VIII GGY822J2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: NATURAL HAZARDS 4 2

GGY822J3 CT-3 GEOGRAPHY: GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA 4 2

FOR FYUGP HONOURS WITH RESEARCH

GGY722J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY 3 1

VII GGY722RJ2 CT-2 GEOGRAPHY: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 2

GGY722J3 CT-3 GEOGRAPHY: LAND USE PLANNING 4 2

GGY822J1 CT-1 GEOGRAPHY: GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES 3 1

VIII
GEOGRAPHY:
GGY822P PROJECT 12
PROJECT WITH DISSERTATION

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT / CONVENOR BOUGS

 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR
SEMESTER 1st
MAJOR COURSE
GGY122J GEOGRAPHY _ PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
CREDITS: THEORY 04, PRACTICAL 02
COURSE OUTCOME/LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Student will gain the knowledge of physical geography. Student
will have a general understanding about the geomorphological and geotechnical process and formation. They will be
able to correlate the knowledge of physical geography with the human geography.

THEORY (4 CREDITS)

UNIT-I

1) Introduction to Physical Geography

2) Structure of Earth’s Interior
3) Wegner’s Theory of Continental Drift
4) Concept of Seafloor Spreading, Plate Tectonics
5) Earthquakes: Origin, Scales of Measurement

UNIT –II

1) Classification and Characteristics of Rocks

2) Weathering: Factors and Types
3) Endogenetic and Exogenetic Processes
4) Landform Development: Fluvial and Glacial
5) Davisian Cycle of Landform Evolution

UNIT –III

1) Definition and Significance of Climatology

2) Insolation and Global Energy Budget
3) Atmospheric Pressure and Winds (Planetary, Periodic and Local Winds)
4) Precipitation: Forms, Types and Global Distribution Patterns
5) Atmospheric Disturbances: Tropical and Temperate Cyclones

UNIT –IV

1) Ocean Bottom Topography: Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Abyssal Plain, Mid- Oceanic Ridges and
Oceanic Trenches
2) Coral Reefs: Significance, Origin and Types
3) Tides: Origin and Types
4) Currents: Origin and Types
5) Oceans as Store-houses of Resources for the future

PRACTICALS (2 CREDITS)

UNIT – V

1) Cartography: Nature and Scope

2. Maps: Essentials and Classification
3) Scales: Concept, Types and Applications
4) Geographical Construction of Plain, Diagonal and Comparative Scales
5) Contours: Representation of different Landforms

UNIT – VI

1) Drawing of Profiles: Serial, Longitudinal, Superimposed, Composite and Projected

2) Graphical Representation of Socio-economic Data
3) Construction of Climograph and Hythergraph
4) Representation of Geographical Data: Choropleth, Isopleth, Chrocromatic and Chroschematic
5) Digital Cartography: Scope and Applications
SUGGESTED READINGS

 A. H. Strahler & A. N. Strahler, Modern Physical Geography, John Willy & sons, 1980.
 Barry, R. G & Chorley, R.J., Atmosphere, Weather and Climate Routiedge, 1998.
 Calcutta, 1997.
 Critchfield, H, General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New York, 1975.
 D. S. Lal, Physical Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, 2009
 Gopal Singh, Map World and Practical Geography, Vikas Publishing House, 2000
 Grald, S, General Oceanography- An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
 Inc. 2001.
 Kali Charan Sahu, Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information
 King, C.A.M., Oceanography for Geographers, E Arnold, London, 1975.
 Majid Hussain, Physical Geography, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2007
 Publishers New Delhi, 1979.
 Robinson, A.H et al., Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A., 1995.
 S. A. Qazi, Principals of Physical Geography, AHP Publishing Co. 2004
 Sarkar, A.K., Practical Geography: A Systematic Approach, Oriental Longman,
 Satopa Mukherjee, Understanding Physical Geography, Oriental Longman 2002
 Savindra Singh, Physical Geography, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, 2000
 Singh, R.L and Dutt, P.K., Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani
 Singh, S.: Geomorphology, Prayag Pustakalaya, Allahabad, 1998.
 Sparks, B.N.: Geomorphology, Prayag Pustakalaya, Allahabad, 1998
 Stringer, E.T Foundation of Climatology, Surjeet Publication, Delhi, 1982.
 SEMESTER 2nd
MAJOR COURSE
GGY222J GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN GEOGRAPHY)
CREDITS=06 (THEORY=04; PRACTICAL = 02)
COURSE OUTCOME: After completion of the course, the student will be able to understand the basic concepts in various sub-fields of
human geography and appreciating the growth, distribution and composition of population in different parts of the world. The students will
also be able to apply diverse knowledge of surveying practices for real life problems.
THEORY (4 CREDITS)
UNIT-I
i. Human Geography: Nature and Relevance
ii. Branches of Human Geography
iii. Fundamental concepts in Human Geography: Place, Space and Landscape
iv. Major Themes of Human Geography: Areal Differentiation, Spatial Organization, Man-environment interaction
UNIT-II
i. Global Population: Growth and Distribution - Patterns and Factors
ii. Concepts of Over, under and Optimum Population
iii. Theories of Population Growth: Malthus and Demographic Transition
iv. Migration: Causes, Types and Consequences
UNIT-III
i. Races: Characteristics and Spatial Distribution
ii. Major Religions of the World: Diffusion and Distribution (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism)
iii. Major Languages of the World: Spatial Distribution
iv. Habitat and Adaptation: Gujjars, Eskimos and Bushman •
UNIT-IV
i. Concept and Measures of Development
ii. Sustainable Development: Concept and Goals
iii. Concept of Human Development Index (HDI)
iv. Global Pattern of Development: Inter-regional Variations
PRACTICALS (2 CREDITS)
UNIT-V
i. Land Surveying: Classification and Types
ii. Plane Table Surveying: Survey Equipments, Procedure and Precautions
iii. Methods of Plane. Table Surveying': Radial and Intersection
iv. Prismatic Compass Surveying: Survey Equipments, Procedure and Methods
UNIT-VI
i. Survey of India Topographic Maps: Reference Scheme of old and Open Series
ii. Interpretation of Relief profiles from SOI Topographical Maps
iii. Construction of Relief profiles from SOI Topographical Maps
iv. One-day Socio-economic Field Survey within Kashmir Valley
READING LIST
1. Chandna, R.C. (2010) Population Geography, Kalyani Publisher.
2. Hassan, M.I. (2005) Population Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur .
3. Daniel, P.A. and Hopkinson, M.F. (1989) The Geography of Settlement, Oliver & Boyd, London.
4. Johnston R; Gregory D, Pratt G. et al. (2008) The Dictionary of Human Geography, Blackwell Publication.
5. Jordan-Bychkov et al. (2006) The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography. W. H. Freeman and Company, New
York.
6. Kaushik, S.D. (2010) Manav Bhugol, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
7. Maurya, S.D. (2012) Manav Bhugol, Sharda Pustak Bhawan. Allahabad.
8. Hussain, Majid (2012) Manav Bhugol. Rawat Publications, Jaipur
 Bachelors with Geography as Major
3rd Semester
GGY322J: Geography: Geographical Thought

Credits: Theory=4 Practical=2

Unit-I
1. Changing Nature of Geography
2. Fundamental Concepts in Geography: Spatial Process and Pattern, Areal Differentiation,
Spatial Organization
3. Approaches in Geography– Positivism, Pragmatism, Humanistic & Behaviouralism,
4. Dualism in Geography- Physical vs. Human, General vs. Regional, Ideographic vs.
Nomothetic
5. Dichotomies in Geography- Environmental Determinism, Possibilism, Neo-determinism,
Environmentalism
Unit-II
1. Paradigms in Geography: Modernism& Post Modernism
2. Quantitative Revolution and its Impact
3. Impact of Darwin’s Theory on Development of Geography
4. Foundation of Scientific Geography
5. Development of Geography in India
Unit-III
1. Contribution of Phoenicians in Geography
2. Contribution of Greeks
3. Contribution of Romans
4. Dark Age in Geography
5. Contribution of Arabs

Unit-IV
Major Schools of Geographical Thought-
1. German- Ratzel & Alfred Hettner
2. French- Vidal de la Blache & Jean Brunches
3. British- Meckinder& Stamp
4. American- W.M Davis & E. Churchill Semple,
5. Soviet Union- V.V. Dokuchaiev&Voeikov
Practical
Unit-V
1. Quantitative Techniques and their Relevance in Geography
2. Discrete and Continuous Data, Population and Samples
3. Sources and Collection of Geographical Data
4. Scales of Measurement- Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
5. Sampling: Significance and Methods
Unit-VI
1. Measures of Central Tendency- Mean, Median, Mode, Partition Values
2. Measures of Dispersion- Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance and Coefficient
of Variation
3. Correlation Analysis- Scatter Diagram and Karl Pearson’s Method
4. Regression: Linear
5. Hypothesis Testing: Chi-square Test
6. Field Trip within Kashmir Valley
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR
4th Semester
GGY422J1: Geography: Geomorphology Credits: Theory=3, Practical=1

Credit-I
1. Nature and Scope of Geomorphology
2. Development of Geomorphology: European and American Schools
3. Principles of Geomorphology: Uniformitarianism and Neo-catastrophism
4. Concept of Time and Space
5. Concept of Dynamic Equilibrium

Credit-II
1. Models in Geomorphology: Natural, Physical and General System
2. Geological Time Scale
3. Theories of Isostasy: Pratt and Airy
4. Mass Movement: Controlling Factors and Types
4. Vulcanicity and Earthquake

Credit-III
1. Evolution of Landforms
2. Landforms: Types and Factors Controlling Landforms Development
3. Theories and Process of Slope Development
4. Cycle of Erosion: W.M. Davis and W. Penck
5. Geomorphic Agents and Landforms: Fluvial, Aeolian, Glacial, Karst and Coastal

Practical

Credit-IV

1. Extraction and Interpretation of Geomorphic Information from Topographical Maps

2. Preparation of Contour Map from Toposheet
3. Wentworth Method of Slope Analysis andHypsometric Curve
4. Drainage Morphometry: Delineation of Watershed, Stream Ordering, Mean Stream
Length and Drainage Density
5. Field Trip within Kashmir Valley
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – I)
5th SEMESTER
GGY522J1 GEOGRAPHY _ ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
CREDITS: THEORY = 3, TUTORIAL =1
COURSE OUTCOME:
The course aims at providing students with tools, models and methods which are useful in understanding economic phenomenon with
reference to the changing geographical attributes. At the end of the course, the students will be able to identify and measure factors
responsible for establishment and localization of industry at national and global level. The course will enable students to understand
various aspects manufacturing, clustering and agglomeration dynamics, to evaluate the role of different attractive and repulsive
forces within relevant models to explain the international flows of goods, capital and work force.

UNIT - I
 Economic Geography: Fundamental Concepts and Scope
 Approaches to the Study of Economic Geography
 Classification of Economic Activities
 Recent Themes: Agglomeration Economies, Commodity Chain, Knowledge Economy, Green Economy
 Special Economic Zones and Technological Parks

UNIT - II
 Classification of Industries
 Factors Influencing the Location of Industries
 Industrial Location Theories of Weber and Losch
 Iron and Steel Industry and Automobile Industry of the World
 Major Industrial Regions of the World

UNIT - III
 Industrial Policies of India: 1956 & 1991
 Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization
 Regional Disparities in the Levels of Economic Development
 Market Linkages: Market Centers, Retailing & Whole Selling and E- Commerce
 International Trade Theories: Comparative Cost Advantage & Absolute Advantage Theory

TUTORIAL (1 CREDIT)
 Sectoral composition of J&K Economy
 Energy Resources of J&K
 Mineral Resources of J&K
 Contribution of Handicrafts and Cottage Industry in the Employment Generation in J&K
 One Day Field Visit to an Industrial Estate within J&K

SUGGESTED READINGS:
 A.M. Bagulia., Encyclopedia of Economic Geography; Wiley Blackwell Companion
 B.W Hodder & Roger Lee. Economic Geography, Mutheun & Co Ltd. 1974
 Chrales Redway Dryer., Elementary of Economic Geography, Wiley Blackwell Companion.
 Cumbers Mackinnon., Introduction to Economic Geography: Globalization, Uneven Development &
 J G Bartholomew., Atlas of Economic Geography, Wiley Blackwell Companion
 James Franklin Chamber., Geography: Physical, Economic, Regional, Wiley Blackwell companion
 K. Siddhartha., Economic Geography; Kitab Mahal, 2016.
 Peter E. Llyod & Pter Dikcken, Location in Space: A Theoretical Approach to Economic Geography, Harper and Row
Publishers, 1972
 Roy, P., Economic Geography-A Study of Resources, New Central Book Agency Ltd, Calcutta, 1997
 T. C Sharma., Economic Geography of India, Rawat Publishers, 2013.
 Trevor J. Barnes, Jamie Peck & Eric Sheppard., Economic Geography, Wiley Blackwell Companion.
 Trevor J. Barnes., Reading Economic Geography, Wiley Blackwell Companion.
 Truman A. Hartshorne and John. W. A., Economic Geography, Prentice Hall of India, 2000
 Uma Kapila., Indian Economy Performance and Policies (16th edition), Academic Foundation, 2015.
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – I)
6th SEMESTER
GGY622J1 GEOGRAPGY _ CLIMATOLOGY
CREDITS: THEORY= 3; TUTORIAL =1
COURSE OUTCOME:
This course is designed to equip the students with the necessary skill of understanding complex atmospheric interactions,
earth’s heat budget, heat balance and various other aspects of climatic variability. The course is aimed to broaden the
understanding of students regarding global, regional and local climatic scenarios.

UNIT – I

 Climatology: Concept and Scope

 Weather and Climate
 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
 Insolation, Heat Budget & Latitudinal Heat Balance

UNIT – II

 Vertical & Horizontal Distribution of Temperature

 Normal Lapse Rate and Inversion of Temperature
 Tri-Cellular Meridional Pattern of Atmosphere
 Airmasses and Fronts: Origin & Types

UNIT – III

 Jet Streams: Origin and Types

 Climatic Classification Schemes: (i) Koppen (ii)Thornthwaite
 Theories of Indian Monsoon: Classical & Modern Theory
 Western Disturbances: Origin & Significance

TUTORIAL (1 CREDIT)

 Urban Heat Island

 Global Climate Change
 Role and Response of Humans in Climate Change
 Preparation of Chirograph and Hythergraph

SUGGESTED READINGS:

 A. K. Barua., Climatology, Dominant Publishers and Distributors, 2005.

 AnthonyJ.Vega&RobertV.Rohil.,Climatology,2008.
 Critchfield, H., General Climatology, Prentice Hall, New York, 1975.
 Edward Aguada & J. E. Brat., Understanding Weather and Climate, PearsonInternational2016.
 Fedrick K Lutgen., The Atmosphere an introduction to Meteorology, Princeton Hall, 2006.
 J. T. Houghton., Global Warming: A Complete Briefing (5th Ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2015.
 S. K. Paneersalvam., Global Warming and Climate Change, AHP Publishing Co., 2012.
 Stringer, E. T., Foundation of Climatology, Surjeet Publication, Delhi, 1982.
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR
4th Semester
GGY422J2: Geography: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing
Credits: Theory=4, Practical=2
Credit-I
1. Remote Sensing: Concept and Development
2. Types of Remote Sensing (Active and Passive)
3. Stages in Remote Sensing Data Acquisition
4. Platforms and Sensors: Types and Characteristics
Credit-II

1. EMR& EMS
2. Interaction of EMR with Atmosphere
3. Interaction of EMR with Earth Surface Features
4. Resolution and Types
Credit-III

1. Aerial Photographs and their Types

2. Image Interpretation and its Elements
3. Image Interpretation Keys
4. Multi Concept in Remote Sensing

Credit-IV

1. Introduction to Digital Image Processing

2. Image Pre-processing: Radiometric and Geometric Corrections
3. Image Enhancements: Contrast and Density Slicing
4. Image Classification: Supervised and Unsupervised

Practical

Credit- V

1. Visual interpretation of Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images

2. Determination of Scale of Aerial Photographs
3. Photo (stereo-pair) Interpretation using Stereoscopes.

Credit- VI

1. Overview of Digital Image Processing (DIP) Software

2. Data Acquisition and Preparation (Layer stacking, Mosaicking and Subset)
3. Land Use Land Cover Mapping
4. Field Trip within Kashmir Valley
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – II)
5th SEMESTER
GGY522J2 GEOGRAPHY _ HYDROLOGY & OCEANOGRAPHY
CREDITS: THEORY = 4, TUTORIAL =2
COURSE OUTCOME:
Students will learn about the water cycle, its components. Students will study the surface flow, how it is generated, and how it is measured. They will
learn about the processes of hydrologic cycle and the measurement methods. Students will learn about the oceans, features of the oceans and air-
ocean interactions. They will also study wind systems, waves, tides and their origin. Students will be able to understand the ocean resources and
their sustainable use.
UNIT - I
 Introduction to Hydrology, Hydrologic Cycle and Water Balance
 Concept of Catchment: Linear and Aerial Aspects
 Runoff: Virgin Flow, Surface Runoff, Overland Flow, Direct Runoff and Base Flow
 Runoff Processes: Factors Affecting Runoff- Flood Hydrograph, Unit Hydrograph Analysis: Rainfall- Runoff Relationship
UNIT - II
 Groundwater Hydrology: Groundwater in Hydrological Cycle
 Occurrence of Groundwater: Aquifer, Aquiclude, Aquifuge and Aquitard
 Water Movement: Saturated Soils- Darcy’s Law
 Groundwater Fluctuation: Secular, Seasonal and Short Term
UNIT - III
 Evolution of Oceanography
 Bottom Relief Topography of Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans
 Physical and Chemical Properties of Ocean Water
 Movements of Ocean Water: Waves and Currents
UNIT - IV
 Marine Deposits and Resources
 Law of the Sea & Exclusive Economic Zone
 Ocean Hazards: Tsunami & Cyclone
 Climate Change & Oceans: Sea level Change, Ocean Acidification & Coral Bleaching
PRACTICAL (2 CREDITS)
 Rainfall Measurement: Computation of Average Rainfall, Computation of Rainfall, Intensities for Different Durations
 Computation of Peak Runoff Rate by Rational Method, Measurement of Infiltration
 Discharge Measurements by Float and Volumetric Methods
 Discharge of Irrigation Channel by Manning’s Formula
 Study of Oceanographic Features and their Model Preparations
 Analysis of Salinity, Chlorinity, Thermal Gradient and other Parameters of Ocean Water by Interpolation Technique
SUGGESTED READINGS:
 Chow, V.T., Handbook of Applied Hydrology, McGraw Hill, 1964.
 Chow, V.T., Maidment, D.R., and Mays, L., Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988.
 Davis, R.J.A., Oceanography-An Introduction of the Marine Environment. Win C. Brown, Lowa, 1986.
 Dingman, S.L., Physical Hydrology, 2 nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2008.
 Douglas A. Segar., Introduction to Ocean Science, Wadsworth Pub., London, 1998
 Grald, S., General Oceanography-An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
 Herschy, R.W.(Ed.), Hydrometry: Principles and Practices, Wiley Intersciences, 1978.
 Hornberger, G.M., Elements of Physical Hydrology, The John Hopkins University Press, Maryland, USA, 2001.
 Hussain Majid, Physical Geography, Anmol Publications, 2007
 Hussain, T. and Tahir, M., Oceanography, Jawahar, New Delhi, 2012.
 King, C.A.M., Oceanography for Geographers, Earnold, London, 1975.
 Kings, C.A.M., An Introduction to Oceanography, McGraw, New York, 1969.
 Linsley, R.K., Kohler, M.A., and Paulhus, J.L.H., Hydrology for Engineers, McGraw Hill, 1982.
 Mays, L.W., Water Resources Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
 Paul R. Pinet, Oceanography, Jones and Bartelett Publishers, 1998.
 Siddhartha, K., Oceanography-A Brief Introduction, Kisalya Pub., New Delhi, 2013.
 Singh, S., Physical Geography, Prayag Pub., Allahabad, 2013.
 Singh, V.P., Elementary Hydrology, Prentice Hall of India, 1994.
 Strahaler, A.H., Introducing Physical Geography, Wiley Pub, 2013.
 Subramanya, K., Engineering Hydrology, Tata McGraw Hill, 2013.
 Todd D.K. and Mays L., Ground Water Hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
 Trujillo, A.P & Thurnman, H.V., Essentials of Oceanography, Prentice Hall, 2016.
 Trujillo, A.P. & Thurnman, H.V., Introductory Oceanography, Prentice Hall, 2010.
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – II)
7th SEMESTER
GGY622J2 GEOGRAPHY _ FUNDAMENTALS OF GIS & GPS
CREDITS: 4 =THEORY; 2= PRACTICAL
COURSE OUTCOME:
The course aims to familiarize the students with various key concepts and applications of GIS and GPS. This course
provides the necessary skills, aptitude and training to the students in different domains of geospatial technologies. It
prepares the students adequately in different techniques of spatial data interpretation and analysis for real time problem
solving.
THEORY (4 CREDITS)
UNIT I
 GIS: Concept, Development & Components
 GIS Software and Applications
 Data types: Raster & Vector
 Geospatial Database: Generation and Organization
UNIT II
 Geographic Data: Types & Characteristics
 Spatial Data Analysis in GIS
 Overlays Analysis in GIS
 Technology Trends in GIS
UNIT III
 Introduction to Global Positioning System (GPS)
 Development of GPS System: Navstar and GLONASS
 Introduction to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
 Basics of Geodesy: Geoid, Datum and Ellipsoid
UNIT IV
 GPS Segments: Space, Control and User
 Fundamentals of GPS Positioning
 Sources of Errors: RMSE
 Applications of GPS: Forestry, Natural Resource, Land Surveying and Civil Engineering
PRACTICAL (2 CREDITS)
 Preparation Of Thematic Layers Using Point, Line and Polygon in GIS Environment
 Spatial Analysis of Relief data using Interpolation techniques in GIS Environment
 Collection of Point, Line and Polygon data using Handheld GPS
 Prepare the Campus Map of your Institution Using Handheld GPS with all Available Attributes.
SUGGESTED READINGS
 Campbell, J. B., Introduction to Remote Sensing, (2nded.), Taylor and Francis, London, 1996.
 Curran, P., Principles of Remote Sensing, Longman, London,1985.
 Fazal S. and Rahman A., GIS Terminology, New Age International Publishing, New Delhi,2007.
 Fazal S., GIS Basics, New Age International Publishing, NewDelhi,2008.
 Fazal S., Remote Sensing Basics, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 2009.
 Jenson, J. R., Remote Sensing and Environment. Pearson India, 2013.
 Joseph George., Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, (2nded.) University Press, Hyderabad, 2005.
 Kumar, S., Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS, Laxmi Pub, 2005.
 Lo, C. P. and Yeung A K W., Conceptsand Techniques of GIS (2nded.), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006
 Leick. A., GPS Satellite Surveying (2nded.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2003.
 Lilles and T. Mand Keifer R. W., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation (6thed.) John Wiley and Sons, New
York, 2008.
 N.K. Agarwal., Essentials of GPS, Spatial Network Pvt. Ltd, 2004.
 Sabins, J. F. F., Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation, W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 1997
 Sabins, F. F., Remote Sensing: Principles and Interpretation. Freeman, New York, 1986.
 Siegal, B. S. and A. R Gillespie., Remote Sensing in Geology, Wiley, New York, 1980
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR
4th Semester

GGY422J3: Geography: Urban Geography

Credits: Theory=4, Practical=2
Credit - I
1. Urban Geography: Nature and Scope
2. Recent Approaches in Urban Geography
3. Urbanization Processes: Urbanization, Sub-Urbanization, Counter Urbanization, Urban
Resurgence
4. Global Urban Growth, Trends and Patterns

Credit - II
1. Urban Land Use Theories: Burgess and Hoyt.
2. Harris &Ullaman’s Multiple Nuclei Theory
3. Central Place Theory of Christaller
4. Urban Sprawl and Rural-Urban Fringe
Credit - III
1. Urban Environmental Problems: Air and Water Pollution
2. Solid Waste and its Management
3. Urban Heat Island and Green Belt
4. Smart City – Concept and Features

Credit - IV
1. Urbanization in India: Trends and Pattern
2. Urban Poverty and Slums in India
3. National Urbanization Policy and Programmes
4. Urban Development under Master Plans

Practical
Credit-V
1. Breaking Point Model for Determination of City-Region
2. Nearest Neighbour Analysis
3. Rank Size Rule

Credit-VI
1. Urban Land Use Survey of a Specific Urban Ward
2. Basics of Master Plan Preparation
3. Field Trip within Kashmir Valley
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – III)
5th SEMESTER
GGY522J3 GEOGRAPHY _ GLACIOLOGY
CREDITS: THEORY = 4, TUTORIAL =2
COURSE OUTCOME:
This course is a specialized course of Physical Geography wherein students will be introduced to glacial Science. The
course has been conceptualized to encourage students to understand the glaciers as repositories of water resources, their
importance in shaping various types of landforms, their dynamic nature and behaviour of these glaciers to changing
climatic regimes.

UNIT - I
1. Cryosphere and its Significance
2. Global Distribution of Glaciers
3. Classification System of Glaciers on the basis of Temperature and Location
4. Importance of Glaciology in Climate Science

UNIT - II
1. Glacier Mass Balance
2. Glacier Flow and Movement
3. Glacier Erosion and Deposition
4. Glacial Landforms and Features

UNIT - III
1. Glacial System Overview
2. Permafrost and Ground Ice
3. Glacier Hazards: GLOF, Surge
4. Glacial Runoff and its Impact on the Environment

UNIT - IV
1. Inventory of Himalayan Glaciers
2. Significance of Himalayan Glaciers
3. Reconstruction of Paleoclimatic History: Gangotri and Kolahoi
4. Methods for Studying Glacier Hydrology

PRACTICAL
 Application of Remote Sensing Techniques in Glaciology
 Mass Balance Estimation
 Mapping of Glaciers and Glacial Lakes
 Application of Advanced Surveying Techniques: Total Station/GPS
 Introduction to Basic Glacial Models
 Meteorological Parameters in Glaciology
 Introduction to Glacial Data Analysis
 Mapping of Glacio-morphological Features in the Field

SUGGESTED READINGS:
 Kaushik Pradepika., Geomorphological Studies of the Himalayan Glaciers in Brief, Lambat Academic Press, 2013.
 Naseerudin Ahmad and Sarwar, Rais., Himalyan Glaciers, APH Publishing House, 1998.
 Micheal Hambrey and Jueg Alean., Glaciers (2nd edition), 2004.
 Doug Benn and David J. A. Evans., Glaciers and Glaciation (2nd ed.), Hodder Arnold Publication, 2010.
 Ireneo Peter Martui., Geomorphological and Geology, 2001.
 BACHELORS WITH GEOGRAPHY AS MAJOR (CT – III)
6th SEMESTER
GGY622J3 GEOGRAPHY _ REGIONAL PLANNING & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CREDITS: THEORY 4, PRACTICAL =2
COURSE OUTCOME:
The course comprises of four credits. The course explores the current context and content of regional/spatial planning
from perspective of developing countries and also investigates underlying theoretical debates. The focus of the course is
to impart knowledge, understanding and skills necessary to practise professionally as a regional/spatial planner. Course
enables the students to formulate/prepare short term regional developmental plans at micro-spatial scale.
THEORY (4 CREDITS)

UNIT: I
 Regional Concepts in Geography
 Types of Regions
 Approaches to Delineation of Region & their Utility in Planning
 History of Regional Planning in India
UNIT: II
 Levels of planning: Local, Regional, National and Multi-Level
 Planning Processes: (i) Sectoral& Spatial (ii) Short Term & Long Term
 Planning of Problem Regions: Hilly, Tribal and Drought Regions
 Regional Development & Social Movements in India
UNIT: III
 Concept of Sustainable Development; Environmental, Social and Economic dimensions
 Introduction and History: Brundtland Commission, UN Summits
 Sustainable Development Perspectives: MDGs & SDGs
 Agenda 21, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
UNIT: IV
 Limits to Growth: Concept & Significance
 Carrying Capacity: Concept & Measurements
 Ecological Foot-Print Analysis
 Global Environment Issues: Industrialization, Urbanization & Pollution
PRACTICAL (2 CREDITS)
Hypothesis testing: Formulation, Rejection rule, one and two tailed tests, significance level, Construction of Composite
Index, Sampling techniques for geographical analysis
SDS’s String Activity (Interactive classroom activity which will help Students to understand the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) and their inter connectivity.