Results
This quantitative study investigated the effect of brainstorming on EFL students’ writing
improvement across five aspects: Content, Organization, Vocabulary, Grammar, and
Mechanics. The students’ writing skills were measured through pre-test and post-test
assessments.
Pre-Test Findings
The initial assessment showed moderate writing proficiency among the students. The
average pre-test scores were: Content (4.2), Organization (3.7), Vocabulary (3.9), Grammar
(3.6), and Mechanics (3.6) on a 5-point scale. The total average score was 18.0 out of 25,
with a converted average score of 72.0 out of 100.
Student Total Converted
No Content Organization Vocabulary Grammar Mechanics
Name Score Score
Anies K.
1 4 4 4 4 4 20 80
Zal
Kristin
2 Beatrix v 5 4 4 4 4 21 84
Zai
Dirman
3 Yanto 4 3 4 3 3 17 68
Zomago
Faef Mei
4 Adria 4 3 4 3 3 17 68
Waruwu
Kelvin
Rahmania
5 4 4 4 3 3 18 72
Jaya
Mendrofa
Anjeilta
6 4 3 3 3 3 16 64
Gulo
Yana
Sukma
7 5 4 4 4 4 21 84
Ayu
Zebua
Annisa
8 Fitria 4 4 4 4 4 20 80
Harefa
Arosama
9 4 4 4 4 4 20 80
Lase
Hubertus
10 Kristofan 4 4 4 4 4 20 80
Gulo
Post-Test Findings
After the brainstorming intervention, students showed significant improvement in all
aspects. The average post-test scores were: Content (4.9), Organization (4.9), Vocabulary
(4.8), Grammar (4.9), and Mechanics (4.8). The total average score increased to 24.3, with a
converted average of 97.2.
Student Total Converted
No Content Organization Vocabulary Grammar Mechanics
Name Score Score
Anies K.
1 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Zal
Kristin
2 Beatrix v 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Zai
Dirman
3 Yanto 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Zomago
Faef Mei
4 Adria 5 5 5 5 4 24 96
Waruwu
Kelvin
Rahmania
5 4 5 4 5 5 23 92
Jaya
Mendrofa
Anjeilta
6 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Gulo
Yana
Sukma
7 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Ayu
Zebua
Annisa
8 Fitria 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Harefa
Arosama
9 5 4 4 4 4 21 84
Lase
Hubertus
10 Kristofan 5 5 5 5 5 25 100
Gulo
Summary of Improvement
Aspect Pre-Test Mean Post-Test Mean Improvement
Content 4.2 4.9 +0.7
Organization 3.7 4.9 +1.2
Vocabulary 3.9 4.8 +0.9
Grammar 3.6 4.9 +1.3
Mechanics 3.6 4.8 +1.2
Total 18.0 24.3 +6.3
Converted 72.0 97.2 +25.2
Discussion
1. Restating Main Findings
This study confirms that brainstorming significantly improves EFL students’ writing skills.
The most notable improvements were in Grammar (+1.3) and Organization (+1.2),
indicating enhanced syntactic accuracy and coherence.
2. Interpretation of Results
Brainstorming likely enhances cognitive processes such as idea generation and planning,
which are essential for effective writing (Abedianpour & Omidvari, 2022). This strategy
helps students organize thoughts before drafting, reducing errors and improving flow.
3. Comparison with Previous Studies
Consistent with this study, Fatemi and Qaviketf (2020) found that brainstorming
strategies significantly improve EFL learners’ writing performance. Wulandari and Anwar
(2023) also demonstrated that combining brainstorming with project-based learning
effectively enhances writing skills and student engagement (Wulandari & Anwar, 2023).
Pabanne (2022) emphasized that integrating innovative tools with brainstorming boosts
writing quality and learner motivation.
4. Implications
Teachers should incorporate brainstorming regularly as a pre-writing strategy to
improve writing quality and student motivation in EFL classrooms.
5. Limitations
The small sample size limits generalizability. The study also lacks qualitative data to
explore learners’ perceptions.
6. Suggestions for Future Research
Future research should involve larger samples and mixed methods to capture both
quantitative improvements and qualitative insights into brainstorming’s impact.
References
1. Abedianpour, S., & Omidvari, A. (2022). Effects of Brainstorming Strategy on
Advanced EFL Students’ Writing Ability. Journal of Language Teaching and Research,
9(5), 1105-1112.
2. Fatemi, M., & Qaviketf, A. (2020). The Impact of Brainstorming Strategies on EFL
Learners’ Writing Ability. Journal of Studies in English Language Teaching, 8(2), 45-
60.
3. Wulandari, D., & Anwar, M. (2023). Brainstorming Combined With Project-Based
Learning as an Effective Learning Strategy in Writing Classrooms. Journal of
Language Teaching and Research, 14(6), 1234-1248.
4. Pabanne, N. (2022). Enhancing EFL Students' Writing Skills Through DeepL
Translation Tool. Journal of Language Learning and Teaching, 10(2), 45-60.
5. Tanjung, A., et al. (2023). Promoting Brainstorming Technique in Teaching Writing.
Proceedings of English Language Teaching, Literature, and Translation, 12(1), 48-58.
6. Sari, F., & Rahman, A. (2025). Developing EFL Junior Secondary School Students’
Narrative Writing Skill Using Brain Writing Model. IDEAS Journal, 13(1), 75-89.
7. Telaumbanua, F. (2023). Online Collaborative Writing to Enhance Students’ Writing
Skill. Enggang: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 11(2), 45-60.
