Long Answer Type Questions

[4 marks]
Que 1. Using quadratic formula, solve the following equation for 𝒙:
ab𝒙2 + (b2 – ac) 𝒙 – 𝒃𝒄 = 0
Sol. We have, ab𝑥2 + (b2 - ac) 𝑥 – 𝑏𝑐 = 0
Here, A = ab, B = b2 - ac, C = -𝑏𝑐
−𝐵 ± √𝐵2 −4 𝐴𝐶
∴ 𝑥=
2𝐴

− (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) ± √𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐)2 −4 (𝑎𝑏) (−𝑏𝑐)

⇒𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏

− (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) ± √𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐)2 −4𝑎𝑏2 𝑐)

⇒𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏

− (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) ± √𝑏4 −2𝑎𝑏2 𝑐+𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 4𝑎𝑏2 𝑐

⇒𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏
− (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) ± √𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐)2 − (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) ± (𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑐)
⇒𝑥= ⇒𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
− (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) + (𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑐) − (𝑏2 −𝑎𝑐) − (𝑏2 + 𝑎𝑐)
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑏 2𝑎𝑏
2𝑎𝑐 − 2𝑏2 𝑐 −𝑐
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥= ⇒ 𝑥= or 𝑥=
2𝑎𝑏 2𝑎𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

Que 2. Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation

(2p + 1) 𝒙2 - (7p + 2)𝒙 + (7p - 3) = 0 has equal roots. Also find these roots.
Sol. Since the quadratic equation has equal roots, D = 0
𝑖. 𝑒., b2 - 4ac = 0
In (2p + 1) 𝑥2 - (7p + 2) 𝑥 + (7p - 3) = 0
Here, a = (2p +1), b = -(7p + 2) , c = (7p - 3)
∴ (7p + 2)2 – 4 (2p + 1) (7p – 3) = 0
⇒ 49p2 + 4 + 28p – (8p + 4) (7p – 3) = 0
⇒ 49p2 + 4 + 28p – 56p2 + 24p – 28p + 12 = 0
⇒ -7p2 + 24p + 16 = 0 ⇒ 7p2 – 24p – 16 = 0
⇒ 7p2 – 28p + 4p – 16 = 0 ⇒ 7p (p - 4) + 4 (p – 4) = 0
4
⇒ (7p + 4) (p – 4) = 0 ⇒ p=- or p = 4
7
−4
For p =
7
 −𝟒 −𝟒 −𝟒
(2 × + 1) 𝑥 2 - (7 × + 2) 𝑥 + (7 × − 3) = 0
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕

−1
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 7 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 - 14𝑥 + 49 = 0
7

⇒ 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 - 7𝑥 + 49 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 – 7) - 7 (𝑥 − 7) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 – 7)2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 7, 7
For p = 4,
(2 x 4 + 1) 𝑥2 – (7 x 4 + 2) 𝑥 + (7 x 4 – 3) = 0
⇒ 9𝑥2 – 30𝑥 + 25 = 0 ⇒ 9𝑥2 - 15𝑥 - 15𝑥 + 25 = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 (3𝑥 – 5) – 5 (3𝑥 – 5) = 0 ⇒ (3𝑥 – 5) (3𝑥 – 5) = 0
5 5
⇒ 𝑥= ,
3 3
𝒙−𝟒 𝒙−𝟔 𝟏𝟎
Que 3. Solve for 𝒙: + = ;𝒙 ≠ 5,7
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟕 𝟑
𝑥−4 𝑥−6 10 (𝑥−4)(𝑥−7)+(𝑥−6) (𝑥−5) 10
Sol. + = ⇒
(𝑥−5)(𝑥−7)
=
𝑥−5 𝑥−7 3 3

𝑥 2 −7𝑥−4𝑥+28+𝑥 2 −5𝑥−6𝑥+30 10
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −7𝑥−5𝑥+35 3
2𝑥 2 −22𝑥+58 10 𝑥 2 −11𝑥+29 5
⇒ = ⇒ =
𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35 3 𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35 3

⇒ 3𝑥2 – 33𝑥 + 87 = 5𝑥2 - 60𝑥 + 175 ⇒ 2𝑥2 - 27𝑥 + 88 = 0

⇒ 2𝑥2 - 16𝑥 - 11𝑥 + 88 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥(𝑥 – 8) – 11(𝑥 – 8) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 – 11)(𝑥 – 8) = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 – 11 = 0 or 𝑥 – 8 = 0
11
⇒ 𝑥= or 𝑥 = 8
2

Que 4. The sum of the reciprocal of Rehman’s age (in years) 3 years ago and 5
𝟏
years from now is . Find his present age.
𝟑

Sol. Let the present age of Rehman be 𝑥 years.

So, 3 years ago, Rehman’s age = (𝑥 – 3) years
And 5 years from now, Rehman’s age = (𝑥 – 5) years
Now’ according to question, we have
1 1 1
+ =
𝑥−3 𝑥+5 3
𝑥+5+𝑥−3 1 2𝑥 + 2 1
⇒ = ⇒ =
(𝑥−3)(𝑥+5) 3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5) 3
 ⇒ 6𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 – 3) (𝑥 + 5) ⇒ 6𝑥 + 6 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 - 3𝑥 – 15
⇒ 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 15 - 6𝑥 – 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 - 4𝑥 – 21 = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 + 3𝑥 – 21 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 – 7) + 3 (𝑥 – 7) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 – 7) (𝑥 + 3) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥=-3
But 𝑥 ≠ - 3 (age cannot be negative)
Therefore, present age of Rehman = 7 years.
Que 5. The different of two nature numbers is 5 and the difference of their
𝟏
reciprocals is . Find the number.
𝟏𝟎

Sol. Let the Two nature numbers be 𝑥 and 𝑦 such that 𝑥 > 𝑦.
According to the question
Difference of numbers, 𝑥−𝑦 =5 ⇒ 𝑥=5+𝑦 … (𝑖)
Difference of the reciprocals,
1 1 1
− = … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑦 𝑥 10
Putting the value of (𝑖) in (𝑖𝑖)
1 1 1 5+𝑦−𝑦 1
− = ⇒ =
𝑦 5+𝑦 10 𝑦(5+𝑦) 10

⇒ 50 = 5y + y2 ⇒ y2 + 5y – 50 = 0
⇒ y2 + 10y – 5y – 50 = 0 ⇒ y (y+ 10) – 5 (y + 10) = 0
⇒ (y – 5) (y + 10) = 0
∴ y = 5 or y = - 10
∴ y is a nature number. ∴ y=5
Putting the value of y in (𝑖), we have
𝑥=5+5 ⇒ 𝑥 = 10
The required numbers are 10 and 5.
Que 6. The sum of the squares of two consecutive odd numbers is 394. Find the
numbers.
Sol. Let the two consecutive odd numbers be 𝑥 and 𝑥 + 2.
⇒ 𝑥2 + (𝑥 + 2)2 = 394 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥2 + 4 + 4𝑥 = 394
⇒ 2 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 394 ⇒ 2𝑥2 + 4𝑥 – 390 = 0
 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 195 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 15𝑥 - 13𝑥 – 195 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 15) – 13(𝑥 + 15) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 13) (𝑥 + 15) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 – 13 = 0 or 𝑥 + 15 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 13 or 𝑥 = - 15
𝟑
Que 7. The sum of two number is 15 and the sum of their reciprocals is . Find
𝟏𝟎
the numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be 𝑥 and 15 – 𝑥.
According to given condition,
1 1 3 15−𝑥 + 𝑥 3
+ = ⇒ =
𝑥 15 − 𝑥 10 𝑥 (15−𝑥 ) 10
⇒ 150 = 3𝑥 (15 - 𝑥) ⇒ 50 = 15𝑥 - 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑥2 - 15𝑥 + 50 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 - 5𝑥 - 10𝑥 + 50 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 – 5) – 10 (𝑥 – 5) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 5) (𝑥 – 10) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 5 or 10.
When 𝑥 = 5, then 15 - 𝑥 = 15 – 5 = 10
When 𝑥 = 10, then 15 – 𝑥 = 15 – 10 = 5
Hence, the two numbers are 5 and 10.
Que 8. In a class test, the sum of Shefali's marks in Mathematics and English is
30. Had she got 2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the
product of her marks would have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Sol. Let Shefali's marks in Mathematics be 𝑥.
Therefore, Shefali's marks in English is (30 - 𝑥).
Now, according to question,
(𝑥 + 2) (30 – 𝑥 – 3) = 210 ⇒ (𝑥 + 2) (27 - 𝑥) = 210
2
⇒ 27𝑥 - 𝑥 + 54 - 2𝑥 = 210 ⇒ 25𝑥 - 𝑥2 + 54 – 210 = 0
⇒ 25𝑥 – 𝑥2 – 156 = 0 ⇒ - (𝑥2 – 25𝑥 + 156) = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 – 25𝑥 + 156 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 – 13𝑥 – 12𝑥 + 156 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 – 13) – 12 (𝑥 – 13) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 13) (𝑥 – 12) = 0
Either 𝑥 – 13 = 0 or 𝑥 – 12 = 0
∴ 𝑥 = 13 or 𝑥 = 12
Therefore, Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 13
Marks in English = 30 - 13 = 17
or Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 12, marks in English = 30 – 12 = 18.
Que 9. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed has been 5 km/h
more, it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the
train.
Sol. Let the uniform speed of the train be 𝑥 km/h.
360
Then, time taken to cover 360 km = h
𝑥
Now, new increased speed = (𝑥 + 5) km/h
360
So, time taken to cover 360 km = h
𝑥+5
360 360
According to question, - =1
𝑥 𝑥+5
1 1 360 (𝑥+5−𝑥)
⇒ 360 ( − )=1 ⇒ =1
𝑥 𝑥+5 𝑥 (𝑥+5)
360 ×5
⇒ =1 ⇒ 1800 = 𝑥2 + 5𝑥
𝑥 (𝑥+5)

∴ 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 – 1800 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 45𝑥 - 40𝑥 – 1800 = 0

⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 45) – 40 (𝑥 + 45) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 45) (𝑥 – 40) = 0
Either 𝑥 + 45 = 0 or 𝑥 – 40 = 0
∴ 𝑥 = - 45 or 𝑥 = 40
But 𝑥 cannot be negative, so 𝑥 ≠ - 45
Therefore, 𝑥 = 40
Hence, the uniform speed of train is 40 km/h.
Que 10. The sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their
perimeters is 24 m, find the sides of the two squares.
Sol. Let 𝑥 be the length of the side of First Square and y be the length of side of the
second square.
Then, 𝑥2 + y2 = 468 … (𝑖)
Let 𝑥 be the length of the side of the bigger square.
4𝑥 – 4y = 24
⇒ 𝑥–y=6 or 𝑥=y+6 … (𝑖𝑖)
Putting the value of x in terms of y from equation (𝑖𝑖), in equation (𝑖), we get
(y + 6)2 + y2 = 468
⇒ y2 +12y + 36 + y2 = 468 or 2y2 + 12y - 432 = 0
⇒ y2 + 6y – 216 = 0 ⇒ y2 + 18y – 12y – 216 = 0
⇒ y(y +18) – 12(y + 18) = 0 ⇒ (y + 18)(y – 12) = 0
Either y +18 = 0 or y- 12 = 0
⇒ y= - 18 or y = 12
But, sides cannot be negative, so y = 12
Therefore, 𝑥 = 12 + 6 = 18
Hence, sides of two squares are 18 m and 12 m.
Que 11. Seven years ago Varun's age was five times the square of Swati's age.
Three years hence, Swati's age will be two-fifth of Varun's age. Find their present
ages.
Sol. Seven years ago, let Swati's age be x years. Then, seven years ago Varun's age
was 5𝑥2
years.
∴ Swat's present age = (𝑥 + 7) years
Varun's present age = (5𝑥2 + 7) years
Three years hence,
Swati's age = (𝑥 + 7 + 3) years = (𝑥 +10) years
Varun's age = (5𝑥2 + 7 + 3) years = (5𝑥2 + 10) years
According to the questions,
2 2
𝑥 + 10 = (5𝑥2 + 10) ⇒ 𝑥 + 10 = 5 x 5 (𝑥2 + 2)
5
⇒ 𝑥 + 10 = 2𝑥2 + 4 ⇒ 2𝑥2 – 𝑥 – 6 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥2 - 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 – 6 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 – 2) + 3 (𝑥 – 2) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 – 2) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 – 2 = 0 or 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
⇒ 𝑥=2 [∴ 2𝑥 + 3 ≠ 0 as 𝑥 > 0]
Hence, Swati's present age = (2+7) years = 9 years
and Varun's present age = (5 x 22 +7) years = 27 years
Que 12. A train takes 2 hours less for a journey of 300 km, if its speed is
increased by 5 km/h from its usual speed. Find the usual speed of the train.
Sol. Let the usual speed of the train = 𝑥 km/h.
300
Therefore, time taken to cover 300 km = hours … (𝑖)
𝑥
When its speed is increased by 5 km/h, then time taken by the train to cover the
300
distance of 300 km = hour … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑥+5
300 300
According to the question, ( − ) hours = 2 hours
𝑥 𝑥+5
300 (𝑥+5) −300 𝑥 300 {(𝑥+5) − 𝑥 }
⇒ =2 ⇒ =2
𝑥 (𝑥+5) 𝑥 (𝑥+5)

⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 + 5) = 300 x 5 ⇒ 2𝑥2 + 10𝑥 – 1500 = 0

⇒ 𝑥2 + 5𝑥 – 750 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 30𝑥 - 25𝑥 – 750 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 30) – 25 (𝑥 + 30) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 25) (𝑥 + 30) = 0
 ⇒ 𝑥 = 25 or 𝑥 = - 30
⇒ 𝑥 = 25 (∴ speed cannot be negative)
Therefore, the usual speed of the train 25 km/h.
Que 13. A two digit number is such that the product of its digits is 18. When 63 is
subtracted from the number, the digits interchange their places. Find the number.
Sol. Let the digit at tens place be 𝑥.
18
Then, digit at unit place =
𝑥
18
∴ Number = 10𝑥 +
𝑥
18
And number obtained by interchanging the digits = 10 x +𝑥
𝑥
According to the question,
18 18 18 18
(10𝑥 + ) – 63 = 10 x +𝑥 ⇒ (10𝑥 + ) - (10 × + 𝑥) = 63
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

18 180 162
⇒ 10𝑥 + - – 𝑥 = 63 ⇒ 9𝑥 - – 63 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

⇒ 9𝑥2 – 63𝑥 – 162 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 - 7𝑥 – 18 = 0

⇒ 𝑥2 - 9𝑥 + 2𝑥 – 18 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 – 9) + 2(𝑥- 9) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 – 9) (𝑥 + 2) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =9 or 𝑥 = -2
⇒ 𝑥=9 [∴ a digit can never be negative]
18
Hence, the required number = 10 x 9 + = 92.
9

Que 14. If twice the area of a smaller square is subtracted from the area of a
larger square; the result is 14 cm2. However, if twice the area of the larger square
is added to three times the area of the smaller square, the result is 203 cm2.
Determine the sides of the two squares.
Sol. Let the sides of the larger and smaller squares be x and y respectively. Then
𝑥2 – 2y2 = 14 … (𝑖)
and 2 2
2𝑥 + 3y = 203 … (𝑖𝑖)
Operating (𝑖𝑖) – 2 x (𝑖), we get
2𝑥2 + 3y2 - (2𝑥2 - 4y2) = 203 - 2 x 14
⇒ 2𝑥2 + 3y2 - 2𝑥2 - 4y2 = 203 – 28
⇒ 7y2 = 175 ⇒ y2 = 25 ⇒ y=±5
⇒ y=5 [∴ side cannot be negative]
By putting the value of y in equation (𝑖), we get
 𝑥2 – 2 x 52 = 14 ⇒ 𝑥2 – 50 = 14 or 𝑥2 = 64
∴ 𝑥 = ± 8 or 𝑥 = 8
∴ 𝑥 side of the two squares are 8 cm and 5 cm.
Que 15. If Zeba was younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the square of
her age (in years) would have been 11 more than five times her actual age. What
is her age now?
Sol. Let the present age of Zeba be 𝑥 years
Age before 5 years = (𝑥 - 5) years
According to given condition,
⇒ (𝑥 - 5)2 = 5𝑥 + 11 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 25 - 10𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 11
⇒ 𝑥 - 10𝑥 - 5𝑥 +25 – 11 = 0
2 ⇒ 𝑥2 - 15𝑥 + 14 = 0
2
⇒ 𝑥 - 14𝑥 - 𝑥 + 14 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 – 14) – 1(𝑥 – 14) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 - 1)(𝑥 - 14) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 – 1 = 0 or 𝑥 – 14 = 0
𝑥 = 1 or 𝑥 = 14
But present age cannot be 1 year.
∴ Present age of Zeba is 14 years.
Que 16. A motorboat whose speed in still water is 18 km/h, takes 1 hour more to
go 24 km upstream than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed
of the stream.
Sol. Let the speed of the stream be 𝑥 km/h.
Speed of motor boat in still water = 18 km/h
Speed of motor boat in upstream = (18 - 𝑥) km/h
Speed of motor boat in downstream = (18 + 𝑥) km/h
Distance travelled = 24 km.
24
Time taken by motor boat to travel upstream =
18 − 𝑥
24
Time taken by motor boat to travel downstream =
18 + 𝑥
24 24
= +1 ⇒ 24 (18 + 𝑥) = (18 - 𝑥) (24 + 18 + 𝑥)
18 − 𝑥 18 + 𝑥

⇒ 432 + 24𝑥 = (18 – 𝑥) (42 + 𝑥) ⇒ 432 + 24𝑥 = 756 + 18𝑥 - 42𝑥 – 𝑥2

⇒ 𝑥2 + 48𝑥 – 324 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 54𝑥 - 6𝑥 – 324 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 + 54) – 6(𝑥 + 54) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 6)(𝑥 + 54) = 0
𝑥 = 6 or 𝑥 = -54
speed of motorboat = 6 km/h.
Que 17. A natural number, when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal.
Find the number.
Sol. Let the natural number be 𝑥
According to the question,
160
𝑥 + 12 =
𝑥

⇒ 𝑥2 + 12𝑥 - 160 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 20𝑥 - 8𝑥 – 160 = 0

⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 + 20) – 8(𝑥 + 20) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 + 20) (𝑥 – 8) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = -20 (Not possible) or 𝑥 = 8
Hence, the required natural number is 8.
Que 18. The sum of the squares of two consecutive multiples of 7 is 637. Find the
multiples.
Sol. Let the two consecutive multiples of 7 be 𝑥 and 𝑥 + 7.
𝑥2 + (𝑥 + 7)2 = 637
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥2 + 49 + 14𝑥 = 637 ⇒ 2𝑥2 + 14𝑥 – 588 = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 294 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥2 + 21𝑥 - 14𝑥 – 294 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 + 21) – 14(𝑥 + 21) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 – 14) (𝑥 + 21) = 0
𝑥 = 14 or 𝑥 = - 21
The multiples are 14 and 21.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
Que 19. Solve for 𝒙: + = , 𝒙 ≠ - 1, - 2, - 4
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟒

1 2 4
Sol. + =
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+4
𝑥+2+2(𝑥+1 ) 4
⇒ = ⇒ (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) = 4(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 2)
(𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) 𝑥+4

⇒ (𝑥 + 4)(3𝑥 + 4) = 4 (𝑥2 + 3𝑥 + 2) ⇒ 𝑥2 - 4𝑥 – 8 = 0
4 ± √16 + 32 4 ±4 √3
⇒ 𝑥= = = 2 ± 2 √3
2 2

Que 20. Find the positive value(s) of k for which both quadratic equation 𝒙2 + 𝒌𝒙 +
64 = 0 and 𝒙2 - 8𝒙 + k = 0 will have real roots.
Sol. (𝑖) For 𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 64 = 0 to have real roots
K2 – 4 (I) (64) ≥ 0 𝑖. 𝑒., k2 – 256 ≥ 0 ⇒ k ≥ ± 16
(𝑖𝑖) For 𝑥2 - 8𝑥 + k = 0 to have real roots
(-8)2 – 4(k) ≥ 0 𝑖. 𝑒., 64 – 4k ≥ 0 ⇒ k ≤ ± 16
For (𝑖) and (𝑖𝑖) to hold simultaneously k = 16