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.
 And see Peine forte et dure

Necromancy, a story of, 112-15

Newbury, hundred of, fifteen gallows in, 7
Newgate—
heads set on, 104, 107
the “drop,” 257, 267
transfer of executions to, 267
capacity of new gallows, 268
20 men hanged at a time, 268
Norden, map of Middlesex, 65, 67
Norwich, riot at, 29, 30

Oates, Titus—
and Tonge invent the Popish Plot, 199-200
pilloried, whipped, and imprisoned, 202
last appearance in pillory, 203
re-established as Protestant champion, 203-4
his services rewarded, 204
Ordeal of water, 83 and note
Orton, Henry, condemned to death, 160-61
Overbury, Sir Thomas—
murder of, 178-79
a poet, 178
Ox-hide used for “drawing,” 28, 99
“The common,” 104

Paddington, gallows at, 15

Pardon Churchyard, burials in, 49-50
Parliament—
petitions for execution of priests, 157, 184
conflict on subject of Oates, 203 and note, 204
petitions for execution of Pickering, 205
Paston Letters, 10
Peasants, revolt of, in 1381, 106; in 1549, 150
Peine forte et dure—
judge-made, 36
successive stages of growth, 36-40
writers mistaken as to results of, 36, 41
originally severe imprisonment to make accused plead, 37, 38
Clitherow, Margaret, 39
Strangewayes, Major, 39, 40
Harrison on, 38, 39
became a punishment worse than hanging, 40
Stanford, Sir William, on, 41 and note
Spiggott’s case, 41, 229-30
Hawes’s case, 41, 230
abolished in 1772, 42
Thorely’s case, 42
Mercier’s case, 42
Chidley’s remonstrance, 187
Penal Laws, defended by Elizabeth’s Government, 164 note
Pepys, Samuel—
sees head of Cromwell and others on Westminster Hall, 192
sees Lord Monson and Sir H. Mildmay being drawn to Tyburn, 193
Perreau, Robert and Daniel—
and Mrs. Rudd, 260-61
Mr. Bleackley’s account of, 261
and Dr. Dodd, 262
Persecution, religious, considered a duty by the Reformers, 157-58
Peterborough, Abbat of, kills some of his monks, 138 note
Philip, husband of Queen Mary, 154
“Piers Plowman” quoted, 130
Pike, Luke Owen, “History of Crime” quoted, 203 note
Pirates, numerous, where and how executed, 20 and note
Pits for burial at Tyburn, 51
Placita de Quo Waranto, 14, 15
Poaching affray, 148-49
Poisoning made high treason, 21-2
Act so making it repealed, 22
“Great Oyer of Poisoning,” 178-81
Poisons, administered to Overbury, 179
Pope—
advises Richard I., 81
Elizabeth’s quarrel with, 156-57
Bunyan describes his impotent railing, 156
Pope, Alexander—
his epitaph on Trumball, 216
“Tyburn’s elegiac lines,” 240 note
Pope, William, Memoirs of Du Val, 195-97
Popish Plot, 199-205
Sixteen persons executed for, 201
Population of England—
under Henry VIII., estimated at 5,000,000, 141
Prance, Miles, a perjurer, his punishment, 202-3
Preachers of new doctrines imported, 139-40, 142
Predatory Classes, civilisation has improved their opportunities of plunder,
11, 12-13
Pretenders, adherents of, executed—
in 1715, 227
in 1718, 228
in 1746, 33
in 1753, 249
Pride, Thomas, 191
Princes Street, Hanover Square, gallows in, 42-3
Procession to Tyburn—
halts at St. Giles’s hospital, 4
great concourse, 145, 215, 243, 250, 261
Dr. Johnson on, 146, 267
not allowed to stop for drink, 243
grandest, 250
greatest known, 263
Dr. Dodd on, 263
Pym, John, his body removed, 192

Quartering, see Treason

“Rageman,” statute so called, 14

Ray, Miss Martha—
murdered by Hackman, 263-64
mistress of Lord Sandwich, 264, 265
mother of Basil Montague, 265
Grub Street ballad on, 265
Rebellion—
of 1745, 33, 249
in Cornwall (1497) 121-22
in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire (1536), 137; (1541), 149
in the West and Norfolk (1549), 150-51
in favour of Lady Jane Grey (1553), 151
Wyatt’s (1554), 151-52
in the North (1569), 155
Great, 185
Monmouth’s (1685), 206
Regicides, execution of, 190
Religious liberty not understood in the 16th century, 157-58
Reprieve, story of, 266
“Resources of civilisation,” 217-19
Revival after hanging, 221-27
John Smith, 221-23
Duel, 223-24
Chovet studies the question, 224
Gordon, 224
Reynolds, 224
two men at Bristol, 224
Patrick Redmond, 225
Anne Greene, 225-26
Margaret Dickenson, 226
Ivetta de Balsham, after hanging 12 hours, 226-27 and note
planned by Jack Sheppard, 233
 of Dr. Dodd attempted, 263
Richard I.—
punishment ordered by, 19
his crusade, 79
imprisonment and ransom, 79-80
removes the justiciar, 81
Richard II., 106, 108, 109, 110
Richardson, Samuel, describes an execution at Tyburn, 50-1, 236-40
Riley, Henry Thomas, quoted, 60 note
Riots—
in London in 1222, 84-6
in London in 1267, 95-7
in Norwich in 1271, 29-30
in London in 1668, 193-94
in Strand in 1749, 242-43
in Bethnal Green in 1769, 255
Rishton, Edward, condemned to death, 160-61
Robbery—
ancient forms of, crude and limited, 10, 13
modern improvement and extension, 10, 11
Rochester, Bishop of, attempt to poison, 21-2
Rocque, John, his maps, 68
Romilly, Samuel, law reformer, vi, 78, 257 note
Rose, Richard, boiled to death, 21, 22
Rotuli Hundredorum, 14, 15, 16
Royal Exchange, pillory at, 202, 203
Russell, Lord William,—
executed for Rye House Plot, 47, 206
and execution of Pickering, 205
Rye House Plot—
executions for, 205-6
and Elizabeth Gaunt, 206
Sadler, Thomas, steals Chancellor’s mace, 198-99
St. Alban’s—
Leofstan, Abbat of, see Leofstan
highwaymen at, 211
St. George, Hanover Square—
map of Parish, 68
Dr. Dodd and the living of, 261
St. Giles-in-the-Fields—
“St. Giles’s bowl,” 4, 243
supposed site of royal gallows, 58-9, 58 note
Tangier tavern, lying in state of Claude Duval, 197
St. Hugh (Little) of Lincoln—
story of, 91-5
Chaucer’s “Prioress’s Tale,” 91
St. John of Jerusalem, Priory of, 49, 50
St. Margaret, Westminster, exhumed bodies buried in a pit, 192
St. Mary-le-Bow, occurrences at, 80-1, 97-8
St. Pancras (old church), Jonathan Wild buried at, 235
St. Paul’s Cathedral, 87
St. Paul’s, Covent Garden, 197
Saint Sepulchre’s—
burial in, refused, 50
burial in, 150
tolling of great bell established, 175-76
St. Thomas-a-Waterings—
gallows of, 61
executions at, 148, 180
Salisbury, a non-juring parson, forges to prejudice the Government, 220
Samson, Abbat of Bury St. Edmund’s, 137
Sandwich, Lord—
“protector” of Martha Ray, 264
invents the sandwich, 265
Saussure, César de—
 quoted, iv
on benefit of clergy, 131
on peine forte et dure, 230 note
Savoy, custom of, 10
Scots, the first and last, on whom the full punishment for treason
inflicted, 33
Sessions—
at Newgate every 3 weeks in 1539, 142
at the Marshalsea every fortnight, 142
Shaftesbury, Earl of, directs the Popish Plot, 200-2
Shakespeare quoted, 64-5, 65 note, 116, 157, 170
Shard, Justice, strains the law, 28
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, poet, quoted, v
Sheppard, Jack—
a great prison-breaker, 230
story of his last escape, 231-33
re-captured and hanged, 233
life written by Defoe, 233
portrait by Thornhill, 233
inspired a sermon, 234
Shepperton, gallows at, 16
“Ship of Fools,” iv, 140 note
Shirley’s “Wedding” quoted, 67
Shoplifting Act, vi, 220, 246
denounced by Romilly, 220
Shoreditch, Sir John of, his murder, 103-4
Sidmouth, Viscount, vi
Sieveking, Mr. Herbert, vi, 65 note, 68
Sisamnes, story of, 24
“Sixteen-string Jack,” 260
Slavery, re-established in England, 140
Sledge, “sledge” and “hurdle,” words used indifferently, 192
Smith, Sir Thomas—
“De Republica Anglorum,” quoted, 35
tortures, 35
on benefit of Clergy, 130-31
Smithfield—
“The Elms” of, the civic gallows, 57, 58, 59
burnings here for heresy, 59 and note
single combat in, 115
“Fires of Smithfield,” not extinguished by death of “bloody Mary,” 177
Sir W. Meredith on, 257-58
execution of highwayman at, 213
execution of bankrupt at, 227
Society, for the Diffusion of Knowledge upon the Punishment of Death,
258
Sorcery, a story of, 112-15
Southwell, Robert—
tortured, 36
poet and martyr, 168-69
Spalding, hanging at, 19
Spaniards, rumour that Philip has brought in 12,000, 154
Spiggott, ⸺, put in the Press, 41, 229-30
Stafford, Thomas, his rebellion and execution, 154
Staines, gallows at, 16
Stanford, Sir William, “Les Plees del Coron,” 33 note, 40, 41 and note
Stanley, Dean, quoted, 25, 58 note
States General—
surrender Regicides, 190
and Sir Thomas Armstrong, 206
Statute Book, 200 capital offences on, 6
Statutes cited—
3 Edw. I. (1275), c. 12, 37
4 Edw. I. (1276) (“Rageman”), 14
4 Edw. I. (1276), c. 1, 2, 131
6 Edw. I. (1278) (Statute of Gloucester), 14
13 Edw. I. (1285) (Statute of Winchester), 10 note
18 Edw. III. (1344), St. 3, c. 2, 132
25 Edw. III. (1352), St. 5, c. 2, 30-1
25 Edw. III. (1352), St. 6, c. 4, 129
3 Henry VII. (1487), c. 3, 209
4 Henry VII. (1488-9), c. 19, 141 note
22 Henry VIII. (1530-1), c. 9, 21 and note
23 Henry VIII. (1531), c. 1, 129
26 Henry VIII. (1534), c. 1, 133
27 Henry VIII. (1535-6), c. 25, 143
32 Henry VIII. (1540-1), c. 16, 147
1 Edw. VI. (1547), c. 3 (Slave Act), 140
1 Edw. VI. (1547), c. 12, 22, 132
1 Eliz. (1559), c. 1, 163
23 Eliz. (1581), c. 1, 164
27 Eliz. (1584), c. 2, 175
1 James I. (1603), c. 15, 227 note
21 James I. (1623), c. 6, 77; c. 19, 227
13 Charles II. (1661), c. 15, 192
4 & 5 Will. and Mary (1692), c. 8, 195
7 & 8 Will. III. (1695-6), c. 1, 214; c. 19, 215
8 & 9 Will. III. (1696-7), c. 2, c. 8, c. 26, 215; c. 5, 217
9 Will. III. (1697), c. 2, c. 21, 215; c. 4, 217
10 Will. III. (1698), c. 12,[215] vi, 78, 220-21, 246
10 Will. III. (1698), c. 19, 217
1 Anne (1701), St. 1, c. 29, 217
4 & 5 Anne (1705), c. 4, 227
5 & 6 Anne (1706), c. 6, 221
1 Geo. I. (1714), st. 2, c. 7, 217
1 Geo. II. (1727), st. 1, c. 4, 218
5 Geo. II. (1732), c. 30, 227
8 Geo. II. (1735), c. 20, 224 note
25 Geo. II. (1752), c. 37, 247, 250
12 Geo. III. (1772), c. 20, 42
26 Geo. III. (1786), c. 49, 78
7 & 8 Geo. IV. (1827), c. 27, vi
7 & 8 Geo. IV. (1827), c. 28, 43, 131
5 Edw. VII. (1905), c. 13, 147
Acts suspending habeas corpus cited generally, 219
 See also under Æthelstan, Alfred, Henry I., Ina, William the
Conqueror.
Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, opinion that we have gone too far in
abolishing the penalty of death, 6
quoted, 12, 18, 36, 57, 129, 227
Stirling Castle, siege of, 99-100
Story, Dr. John—
a bitter persecutor, 157
his execution memorable, 157
triangular gallows first used for, 157
his career, 159
kidnapped, 159
executed, 159
Stow, John, burial of executed persons, 49-50
Strangeways, Major, manner of his death, 39-40
Stumphius, an imported preacher, 142
Strype, John, historian, quoted, 51-2, 69 and note, 158 note
Surgeons and bodies of executed criminals, 239, 243, 244, 248-49, 249
Surgeons’ Hall, 223, 248
Hogarth’s “Stages of Cruelty,” 245
bodies of murderers to be given to, 247, 248-49
body of Earl Ferrers in, 250, 251
body of Mrs. Brownrigg, 253-54
Swift, Jonathan—
on “Blueskin,” 234 note
on “Clever Tom Clinch,” 240

Tarlton, Richard—
his “Jests,” 45, 64 note
his “Newes out of Purgatorie,” 64
Teddington, gallows at, 15
Temple Bar, heads exposed on, 33
Thieves and robbers pursued without mercy, 13
Thistlewood and four others, manner of execution, 33, 34
Throckmorton, Francis, alleged treason of, 163-64 and note
Thumbs, tying together, 42
Tilford, the oak of, 15 note
“Time is money,” 54
Tonge, Dr. Ezrael, 199
Topcliffe, Richard, the English Torquemada, 169
Torture—
illegal, but practised, 35, 36
Hallam on use of, 35
use of, denied by Sir Thomas Smith, who practised it, 35
use of, defended by Lord Burghley, 35-6, 161-62, 162-63 and note
use of, defended by Sir R. Wiseman, 36 note
Jardine on, 36 note
last recorded case, 36 note
of Edmund Campion, 161-62
of Alexander Brian, 161-62
the Government’s defence of, 161-62
of Francis Throckmorton, 164 note
of Southwell, 169
used in ordinary cases, 169-70
Tower of London, place for exposing heads, 100
Townley, Francis, manner of execution, 33
“Trailbaston,” inquisition so called, 16
Travellers, murder of, 9
Treason, high—
defined by Statute, 30-1
punishment of, 31-4
form of sentence, 31
later form, 31
last execution for, 33-4
Treason, petty, 28, 104, 105, 129
Treasury of king at Westminster robbed, 11, 24-5
Turberville, Sir Thomas de—
drawn to gallows on an ox-hide, 28 note, 99
 execution of, 31 note, 98, 99
Turner, Mrs., inventress of “yellow starch,” 181 note
Tyburn Gallows—
probable number of persons executed at, 3, 75-8
methods of execution, 3, 4
superstition, 48
slang expressions, 48
burials from, 49-53
site of, 54-70
gallows, when first set up, not before Conquest, 54
probably about 1108, 56-7
first known as “The Elms,” 57
no evidence of supposed changes of site of royal gallows, 58, 60-1
Earl of Oxford has gallows here, 59
gallows in constant use, 61
permanent, 61
movable, 61, 69-70
why so far from city, 61-3
and gibbets, 62
original form of gallows, 63
triangular, 63-4, 67-8, 71
proposals to remove, 69
removed, 69-70
last execution at, 70, 72
chronology of, 71-2
Dryden on, 74
annals of meagre, 75
mention of, sometimes omitted, 91 note
first recorded execution, 79
mistake as to Roger Mortimer, 103
said to be hung with garlands, 182
Chidley nails his protest near, 187
whipping from Newgate to, 202, 208, 209
pillory at, 202
said to be hung in mourning, 214
reason of removal to Newgate, 267, 268
martyrs of, 268
Oratory near, 268
Tyburn Gate, 70
Tyburn ticket, 220 and note

Villon, François, poet of the gibbet, 63

Wallace—
execution of, 31-2, 32 note, 99, 100
his head the first exposed on London Bridge, 100
Walpole, Horace—
robbed by Maclean, 244-45
his account of execution of Earl Ferrers, 251
Wapping—
execution of pirates at, 20 and note
Execution Dock, 63
Warbeck, Perkin, pretender, 120-21
Watling Street, 8, 17, 67
Waverley Abbey, reference to, 15 note
Weavers of Bethnal Green, 254-55
“Were” and “wite,” 55
Westbourne, gallows at, 16, 58
Westminster, Abbat of—
has 16 gallows in Middlesex, 13, 15-16, 58
houses wrecked, 84-5
Westminster Abbey, Dean’s Yard, formerly “The Elms,” 58
Wharton, Mary, stolen, 209-11
Whitney, James, a noted highwayman, 211-13
Wild, Jonathan—
director of a great system of robbery, 234-35
exploits celebrated by Fielding, 234
pelted on way to Tyburn, 235
William the Conqueror abolishes capital punishment, 56
substitutes other punishments, 56
William III.—
Shoplifting Act, 78
 Assassination Plot, 215-17
imprisons Bernardi without trial, 217
the first king who suspends habeas corpus, 218-19
William, the sacrist of Westminster Abbey, 11, 24-5
Winchester—
roads near, unsafe, 9-10
Statute of, 10 note
Woman burnt for treason—
Mrs. Gaunt, in 1685, the last, except for coining, 207
narrow escape of Mrs. Merewether, 207
Wren, Sir Christopher, 225
Wyatt, Sir Thomas—
his rebellion, 151-52
beheaded, 152

“Yellow Starch,” 181 note

Yeomen, English—
a prosperous class, 138
helped to maintain poor, 139, 141
destroyed, 139, 140, 141
Yonge, Justice—
his methods, 166
UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED, THE GRESHAM PRESS, WOKING AND
LONDON.

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