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Class 12 Chemical Kinetics Notes

Chapter 4 of Class 12 Chemistry focuses on chemical kinetics, which studies the rates of reactions and the factors influencing them, such as concentration, temperature, catalysts, and surface area. It covers rate laws, integrated rate equations for different orders of reactions, and the collision theory, emphasizing the significance of effective collisions. The chapter also discusses the Arrhenius equation, reaction mechanisms, and practical applications in industrial processes and drug design.

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68 views1 page

Class 12 Chemical Kinetics Notes

Chapter 4 of Class 12 Chemistry focuses on chemical kinetics, which studies the rates of reactions and the factors influencing them, such as concentration, temperature, catalysts, and surface area. It covers rate laws, integrated rate equations for different orders of reactions, and the collision theory, emphasizing the significance of effective collisions. The chapter also discusses the Arrhenius equation, reaction mechanisms, and practical applications in industrial processes and drug design.

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n.pandey1222
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Class 12 Chemistry: Chapter 4 - Chemical Kinetics (1-Page Notes)

1. Introduction: - Chemical kinetics: Study of rate of reactions and factors affecting them. - Reaction
rate: Change in concentration per unit time, Rate = -d[A]/dt = d[B]/dt

2. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate: - Concentration of reactants - Temperature (Arrhenius Equation: k


= A e^(-Ea/RT)) - Catalyst presence - Surface area for solids

3. Rate Law & Order of Reaction: - Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n - m, n → order w.r.t reactants, m+n = overall
order - Determined experimentally

4. Integrated Rate Equations: - Zero-order: [A] = [A]0 - kt, t1/2 = [A]0/2k - First-order: ln[A] = ln[A]0 - kt,
t1/2 = 0.693/k - Second-order: 1/[A] = 1/[A]0 + kt, t1/2 = 1/k[A]0

5. Half-life (t1/2): - Time for concentration to reduce to half - Zero-order: t1/2 ∝ [A]0 - First-order: t1/2 =
constant - Second-order: t1/2 ∝ 1/[A]0

6. Collision Theory: - Rate ∝ number of effective collisions per unit time - Effective collision: correct
orientation + energy ≥ Ea

7. Arrhenius Equation: - k = A e^(-Ea/RT) - ln k = ln A - Ea/RT (plot ln k vs 1/T → slope = -Ea/R)

8. Mechanism of Reactions: - Elementary step: Single-step reaction - Complex reaction: Multi-step,


rate-determining step (slowest) controls rate - Molecularity: Number of molecules involved in
elementary step

9. Important Points: - Integrated rate laws allow calculation of [A] at time t - Temperature ↑ → Rate ↑,
Ea ↓ → Rate ↑ - Catalysts provide alternative pathway with lower Ea

10. Applications: - Industrial reaction optimization, enzyme kinetics, drug design, corrosion control.

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