Concept Formula (Symbols) Word Equation
Average Speed Average Speed = Total Average Speed = total distance ÷ total
Distance ÷ Total Time time
Average Velocity Average Velocity = Average velocity = displacement ÷
Displacement ÷ Time time
Acceleration a = (v - u) ÷ t Acceleration = change in velocity ÷
time
Newton’s Second F=m×a Force = mass × acceleration
Law (Force)
Weight W=m×g Weight = mass × gravitational field
strength
Momentum p=m×v Momentum = mass × velocity
Impulse / Force- Impulse = F × t = Δp Impulse = force × time = change in
Time Change momentum
Work Done W = F × d × cosθ Work done = force × distance (in
direction of force)
Kinetic Energy KE = ½ m v² Kinetic energy = ½ × mass × velocity²
Gravitational GPE = m g h Gravitational potential energy = mass
Potential Energy × g × height
Power P = W ÷ t or P = F × v Power = work done ÷ time OR Power
= force × velocity
Efficiency Efficiency = (Useful Output Efficiency = (useful energy output ÷
÷ Total Input) × 100% total energy input) × 100%
Density ρ=m÷V Density = mass ÷ volume
Hooke’s Law F=kx Force = spring constant × extension
Pressure P=F÷A Pressure = force ÷ area
Fluid Pressure P=ρgh Pressure = density × g × height
Moment of a Force Moment = F × d⊥ Moment = force × perpendicular
distance from pivot
Principle of Σ Clockwise Moments = Σ Sum of clockwise moments = sum of
Moments Anticlockwise Moments anticlockwise moments (at
equilibrium)
IGCSE Physics Formulas with Word Equations
