2 FINAL EXAM
Problem 6. (8 pts) Find the general solution of the nonhomogeneous linear system
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
3 −1 −1 2t + 1
FINAL EXAM (JUNE 17TH, 19:00–22:00) X = ⎣ 1 1 −1⎦ X + ⎣ 3 ⎦ .
MAS201 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS, SPRING 2021 1 −1 1 0
Problem 1. (9 pts) For a piecewise continuous function f (t) defined on [0, ∞), we have studied
in class that a sufficient condition guaranteeing the existence of the Laplace transform L {f (t)} 3 1
Problem 7. (9 pts) Let A = .
is that f be of exponential order. Meanwhile, there may be a piecewise continuous function that 4 0
possesses the Laplace transform but is not of exponential order. It is known that the function
2 2
(a) (5 pts) Find eAt .
g(t) = 2tet cos et is not of exponential order. Nevertheless, show that L {g(t)} exists. (Hint. Use (b) (4 pts) Solve the initial-value problem
integration by parts.)
2
X = AX, X(0) = .
−1
Problem 2. (8 pts) For each t ≥ 0, let
∞
cos(tη)
f (t) = dη. Problem 8. (9 pts) Consider the linear system
0 1 + η2 ⎡ ⎤
−3 0 2
Show that ∞
s π X = ⎣ 1 −1 0⎦ X.
L {f (t)} = dη = . −2 −1
0 (1 + η 2 )(s2 + η 2 ) 2(s + 1) 0
(Hint. Consider changing the order of integration.) (a) (4 pts) Decide whether the origin is a stable critical point or an asymptotically stable critical
point or an unstable critical point for the system.
(b) (3 pts) Find the general solution.
(c) (2 pts) Find the solution X(t) such that X(0) = (0, 3, 0)T .
Problem 3. (9 pts) Find the series solution of the initial-value problem
y + x2 y + y = 0, y(0) = 2, y (0) = 3
up to the first four nonzero terms.
Problem 9. (9 pts) Find the solution of the system
x = −5x + 4y,
y = −2x + 4y,
Problem 4. (9 pts) Find the general solution of the differential equation
and draw the phase plane near the critical point (0, 0). Include the direction of some solution
4x2 y − 8x2 y + (4x2 + 1)y = 0. curves.
Note that x = 0 is a singular point of the differential equation. (Hint. When you obtain a three-
term recurrence relation, consider an appropriate substitution that converts the three-term relation
into a two-term relation.)
Problem 10. (9 pts) Find all the critical points of the following nonlinear system of differential
equations and classify (if possible) whether it is stable (unstable) nodes or saddle points, spirals,
⎡ ⎤ etc.
−3 −1 −5
Problem 5. (8 pts) Solve X = ⎣−2 1 −2⎦ X by diagonalization. x = 0.2x(1 − 0.2x − 0.3y)
2 1 4 y = 0.5y(1 − 0.1x − 0.2y)
1
FINAL EXAM 3
Problem 11. (13 pts) Parabolas have the reflective property that whenever an incident ray parallel
to the axis of a parabola is reflected on the parabola, then it will pass through the focus; the following
figure depicts a case of the parabola y 2 = 4px (p > 0).
If we model such a reflective property as a differential equation, then we obtain the first-order
nonlinear differential equation
y(y )2 − 2(p − x)y − y = 0.
More precisely, a solution y = f (x) of the above differential equation is intended to satisfy the
following: if an incident ray L parallel to the x-axis is reflected at the point P (x0 , y0 ) on the graph
of y = f (x), then it pass through the point F (p, 0).
(a) (2 pts) Verify that the parabola y 2 = 4px satisfies the given differential equation.
(b) (7 pts) Find a one-parameter family of solutions of the given differential equation. (Hint. Use
the substitution w = y 2 . Then differentiate the modified equation with respect to the in-
dependent variable x.)
(c) (4 pts) Characterize a common geometric property of the one-parameter family of solutions
you obtained.
