Answer Key – Grade 8 Chemistry
1. History of an Atom
Questions:
1. Democritus
2. Solid sphere model; atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
3. He discovered the electron and proposed the "plum pudding" model.
4. A sphere of positive charge with embedded electrons.
Matching Exercise:
• John Dalton – b. Atoms are solid spheres
• J.J. Thomson – c. Atoms have electrons embedded in a positive sphere
• Ernest Rutherford – d. The atom is mostly empty space with a dense
nucleus
• Niels Bohr – a. Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels
2. Rutherford’s Atomic Structure
Questions:
1. Gold foil experiment.
2. Most particles passed through, some were deflected – indicating a small,
dense nucleus.
3. Atom has a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around it in mostly
empty space.
Exercise:
• Label should include:
o Nucleus at the center
o Electrons orbiting
o Empty space
• True
3. Reactivity of Metals
a. Reactivity Order of Metals
Questions:
1. A list showing metals from most reactive to least reactive.
2. Potassium loses electrons more easily due to its atomic structure.
Exercise:
• Reactivity order: Potassium > Zinc > Iron > Silver
b. Reactivity with Oxygen
Questions:
1. It burns with a bright flame and forms white magnesium oxide.
2. Aluminum + Oxygen → Aluminum oxide
Exercise:
• Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide
c. Reactivity with Water
Questions:
1. Group 1 metals react with cold water; others like zinc react with steam.
2. Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Exercise:
• Calcium + Water → Calcium hydroxide + Hydrogen
d. Reactivity with Acid
Questions:
1. Hydrogen gas
2. Because they are below hydrogen in the reactivity series.
Exercise:
• Zinc + Hydrochloric acid → Zinc chloride + Hydrogen
4. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
a. Exothermic Reactions
Questions:
1. A reaction that releases heat.
2. Combustion, neutralization.
Exercise:
• Combustion – Exothermic
• Photosynthesis – Endothermic
• Neutralization – Exothermic
b. Measuring Energy (Exothermic)
Question:
1. A thermometer
Exercise:
• Temperature increases after mixing – exothermic reaction confirmed.
c. Endothermic Reactions
Questions:
1. A reaction that absorbs heat.
2. Photosynthesis, reaction between citric acid and baking soda.
Exercise:
• True
d. Measuring Energy (Endothermic)
Question:
1. Temperature decreases during the reaction.
Exercise:
• Temperature before: higher
• Temperature after: lower
• Indicates an endothermic reaction
Se quiser, posso formatar isso como documento PDF ou Word. Deseja o arquivo
formatado?
