LATEST CBSE SYLLABUS

PHYSICS (042)
Class–XII (2025-26)

Time : 3 hrs. Max. Marks : 70

Unit No. Title Marks

Unit-I Electrostatics
Chapter–1 : Electric Charges and Fields
16
Chapter–2 : Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Unit-II Current Electricity
Chapter–3 : Current Electricity
Unit-III Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter–4 : Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter–5 : Magnetism and Matter
17
Unit-IV Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Chapter–6 : Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter–7 : Alternating Current
Unit-V Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter–8 : Electromagnetic Waves
Unit-VI Optics 18
Chapter–9 : Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter–10 : Wave Optics
Unit-VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–11 : Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Unit-VIII Atoms and Nuclei 12
Chapter–12 : Atoms
Chapter–13 : Nuclei
Unit-IX Electronic Devices
7
Chapter–14 : Semiconductor Electronics : Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Total 70

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1-Month Goals

·
Electrostatics, Current Electricity & Magnetism
·
Solve concept-based questions and derivations

·
Make a formula notebook and revise
·
NCERT line-by-line completion
Weekly Breakdown (Month 1)
Week Focus Topics Key Activities
Week 1 Chapter 1 : Electric Charges and Fields Gauss law, flux, dipole, electric field lines
Week 2 Chapter 2 : Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Potential, capacitors, series/parallel, energy
stored in capacitor
Week 3 Chapter 3 : Current Electricity Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s laws
and circuits
Week 4 Chapter 4 & 5 : Moving Charges, Magnetism and matter Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Law, Lorentz
force and Magnetic dipole

Daily Tasks :
· 1 hour : NCERT reading + underlining
· 1.5 hours : Concept videos / Dinesh New Millennium Physics (Vol.1)
· 1 hour : MCQs + PYQs
· 30 min : Revision of previous concepts
2-Month Goals
· Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating current, Electromagnetic waves and optics
· Practice graphs, derivations, PYQs
· Weekly self-assessment tests
· Make a formula notebook and revise
· NCERT line-by-line completion
Weekly Breakdown (Month 2)
Week Focus Topics Key Activities
Week 5 Chapter 6 : Electromagnetic Induction Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, mutual/self
induction
Week 6 Chapter 7 : Alternating Current LCR, resonance, transformers and power
factor
Week 7 Chapter 8 : Electromagnetic Waves Displacement current and EM spectrum
Week 8 Chapter 9 : Ray Optics TIR, mirrors/ lenses, prism, telescope and
microscope

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S.No. Chapter Name Explained Weightage Repeat Frequency Priority
(Marks)

1 Electric Charges and Fields 4-5 (High)

2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance 3-4 (High)

3 Current Electricity 6-7 (Very High)

4 Moving Charges and Magnetism 5-6 (Very High)

5 Magnetism and Matter 2-3 (Moderate)

6 Electromagnetic Induction 4-5 (High)

7 Alternating Current 4-5 (High)

8 Electromagnetic Waves 2-3 (Moderate)

9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 7-8 (Very High)

10 Wave Optics 5-6 (Very High)

11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 3-4 (High)

12 Atoms 2-3 (Moderate)

13 Nuclei 3-4 (High)

14 Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, 6-7 (Very High)

Devices and Simple Circuits

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 Chapter Name Hot topics ( repeatedly asked question from these topics )

1. Electric Charges • Coulomb's law

• Electric field due to a point charge and dipole
• Electric flux and Gauss's Law (especially spherical symmetry)
• Applications of Gauss's Law : Infinite line charge, plane sheet

2. Electrostatic Potential and • Electric potential due to point charge/dipole

Capacitance • Potential energy of two-point charges
• Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor (with dielectric)
• Energy stored in a capacitor
• Combination of capacitors (series/parallel)

3. Current Electricity • Drift velocity and mobility

• Ohm's Law and resistivity dependence on temperature
• Kirchhoff 's Laws and application to circuits

4. Moving Charges and • Biot-Savart Law and its applications

Magnetism • Magnetic force on moving charge (qvB)
• Force on a current-carrying conductor
• Ampere's Circuital Law
• Field due to solenoid and toroid

5. Magnetism and Matter • Magnetic dipole of bar magnet

• Magnetic field lines
• Magnetic properties of materials :
• Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic

6. Electromagnetic Induction • Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction

• Lenz's Law and conservation of energy
• Induced emf in a rotating coil
• Self and mutual induction
• Working of AC generator

7. Alternating Current • Peak and RMS values of current and voltage

• Impedance in AC circuits (L, C and R)
• Resonance in LCR circuits
• Power in AC circuit, wattless current
• Phasor diagrams

8. Electromagnetic Waves • Displacement current and Maxwell's correction

• EM spectrum - range and applications of each type
• Characteristics of EM waves

9. Ray Optics and Optical • Mirror formula and lens formula

Instruments • Power and combination of lenses
• Total Internal Reflection (TIR) and critical angle
• Prism deviation and dispersion
• Microscope and telescope ray diagrams

10. Wave Optics • Young's Double Slit-Experiment (YDSE) - derivation and fringe width
• Interference and coherent sources
• Diffraction at a single slit
• Polarisation and applications

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Contents
q CBSE 2025-26 Sample Paper (Fully Solved) 1–16
(Released on 30.7.2025)
q CBSE 2024 Paper (Fully Solved) 17–32
q Mnemonics Yaad Rakhne ke Funde 33–34
q Important Graphs 24 Hours Before Exam (The Final Lap) 35–42
q Useful Tables, Formulae and Values 43–58
q Memory Maps (Last Benchers ka Jugaad) 59–72
q Multiple Choice Questions 73–95
q Assertion and Reasoning Type Questions 96–107
q Competency/Paragraph Based Questions 108–128
q Revision Notes (Mission Exam Possible) 129–130
1. Sample Question Paper-1 (Fully Solved) 131–142
2. Sample Question Paper-2 (Fully Solved) 143–151
3. Sample Question Paper-3 (Fully Solved) 152–163
4. Sample Question Paper-4 (Fully Solved) 164–174
5. Sample Question Paper-5 (Fully Solved) 175–186
6. Sample Question Paper-6 (Fully Solved Solution through QR Code) 187–190
7. Sample Question Paper-7 (Fully Solved Solution through QR Code) 191–194
8. Sample Question Paper-8 (Fully Solved Solution through QR Code) 195–197
9. Sample Question Paper-9 (Fully Solved Solution through QR Code) 198–201
10. Sample Question Paper-10 (Unsolved for practice) 202–204
11. Sample Question Paper-11 (Unsolved for practice) 205–207
12. Sample Question Paper-12 (Unsolved for practice) 208–210
13. Similar Model Paper as per CBSE Paper (Unsolved for practice) 211–223
(Solutions of this paper will be available 24 hour before the final
CBSE Board Examination through this QR Code.)

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Questions Repeated or Closely Modeled on PYQs

Section A – MCQs & Assertion-Reason (Q1–Q16)

Q. No. Topic PYQ Similarity

1 Electrostatics (Conductors) Similar logic was asked before on charge distribution on conductors

2 Resistance of the coil Common formula-based question repeated in various years

3 AC Phasor diagram Typical LCR circuit phasor questions, asked previously

4 EM Waves Conceptual repetition, CBSE 2018, 2022 sets

5 Critical angle & prism CBSE 2019 set and multiple practice papers

6 Diffraction Concept tested in 2021 sample papers and PYQs

7 Atomic transitions Repeated multiple times (e.g., from 2016 to 2023)

8 Magnetic field due to a loop Similar to the 2020 question on the motion of a particle in a magnetic
field

9 Electromagnetic Induction Dropping a magnet in a coil vs air asked in 2018

10 AC Generator Frequently asked with minor tweaks since 2015

11 Nuclear Physics (density) Repetitive ratio-based reasoning, same concept

12 Earth’s Magnetic Field Repeated multiple times (2017 and 2021)

13-16 Assertion-Reason Standard NCERT lines are seen in earlier boards sets

Section B – Short Answer (Q17–21)

Q. No. Topic PYQ Similarity

17 EM Waves (relation between Seen frequently, 2017-2022 exams

E and B)

18 Internal resistance from V-I graph CBSE 2019, 2022 similar plots

19 Gauss’s Law with dielectric Concept tested in previous questions

20 Magnetic force between wires / Standard derivation question

Magnetism types

21 Rutherford scattering / Both subparts are classic examples from PYQs

De-Broglie graph

Section C – 3 Mark Questions (Q22–28)

Q. No. Topic PYQ Similarity

22 Full wave rectifier Common diagram-based question

23 Kirchhoff’s laws Multiple years; also appears in practical viva

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 Code No. 042

General Instructions.
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D
contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of
five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in two question in Section B, one question
in Section C and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(i) c = 3 × 108 m/s
(ii) me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
(iii) mp = 1.7 × 10–27 kg
(iv) e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
(v) 0 = 4π × 10–7 Tm A–1
(vi) h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
(vii) 0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2N–1m–2
(viii) Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

1. If a charged hollow sphere and a solid sphere of 2. A coil contains N turns of insulated copper wire of
aluminium and copper of equal radii are in electrostatic
diameter d and resistivity ρ wound on a cylinder of
equilibrium, then which of the following statements is
true ? diameter D. What is the total resistance between the two
(A) Both the spheres are having equal charges. ends of the coil of copper wire ? (Given : D >> d)
(B) The hollow sphere will have more charge than solid 4ρND 8ρND
sphere at its surface. (A) 2 (B)
d d2
(C) The aluminium sphere will have more charge on its
surface than copper sphere.
2ρND 12ρND
(D) If hollow sphere is also made up of aluminium then (C) 2 (D)
it will have more charge. d d2
1
8 Physics-XII Sample Question Papers

1. (A) Both are having equal charges 7. (C) IV

For two bodies to be in equilibrium, both should Transition III, V, VI corresponds to absorption of
have same potential(V). energy.
c Maximum emitted wavelength corresponds to
As V = minimum energy difference.
q
∆EI > ∆EII >∆EIV
Where C of sphere is 4 0r, which is independent
Therefore, maximum emitted wavelength
of all the factors mentioned in options. 1
corresponds to transition IV. 1
2. (A) Diameter of copper wire = d,
For VI- Students
Diameter of cylindrical iron is D Transition III, V, VI corresponds to absorption of
No.of turns = N,(D >> d) energy.
Length = N x Circumference of cylinder Maximum emitted wavelength corresponds
L = NπD minimum energy difference.
∆EII > ∆EI >∆EIV
ρL ρNπD Therefore, maximum emitted wavelength
R= = π
A d2 corresponds to transition IV. 1
4 8. (D) The charged particle will move with constant
velocity.
4ρND
R= 1 As charged particle is moving parallel to magnetic
d2 field, there will be no acceleration. 1
3. (A) When the frequency of the AC source is increased 9. (C) More for the magnet falling through the solenoid.
than the impedance of the device decreases. E.m.f will be induced in solenoid due to motion of
As in phasor diagram current leads the voltage, so magnet through it. As per Lenz’s law induced emf
given appliance is capacitor. 1 will oppose the motion of magnet. 1
4. (D) The energy of radio waves is lesser than that of the 10. (C) V = 2V0 sin 2ωt
gamma rays. As V = NBAω sin ωt 1
Since the frequency of radio waves is less than 11. (D) 1 : 1
gamma waves. Nuclear density does not depend on mass number.
E = hν 1
Hence, energy of radio waves is less than gamma 12. (B) The deflection of the magnetic needle at P and Q
waves 1 will be in the opposite directions.
As magnetic field at equator is antiparallel to
5. (A) Total Internal reflection 1
magnetic field at pole. 1
For VI- Students
13. (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is
1 Sin θc not the correct explanation of Assertion. 1
=
c sin 90 14. (C) Assertion is true but Reason is false. 1
 1 = c sin θc 15. (D) Both Assertion and Reason are false. 1
6. (D) Slit width increases, hence amplitude will increase, 16. (B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is
so intensity will also increase. 1 not the correct explanation of Assertion.
For VI-Students If three point charges are in equilibrium then forces
acting on each charge should be linearly opposite.
(B) Interference 1
1
 Q.P. Code 55/4/1

General Instructions :
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section–A, Section–B, Section–C, Section–D and Section–E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section–A contains 16 questions, 12 MCQ and 4 Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section–B
contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, Section–C contains 7 questions of 3 marks each, Section–D contains 2 case
study-based questions of 4 marks each and Section–E contains 3 long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 question in Section–B, 1 question
in Section–C, and all 3 questions in Section E. You have to attempt only 1 of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(i) c = 3 × 108 m/s
(ii) me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
(iii) mp = 1.7 × 10–27 kg
(iv) e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
(v) –7 –1
0 = 4 × 10 Tm A
(vi) h = 6.63 × 10 –34 Js
(vii) –12 C2N–1m–2
0 = 8.854 × 10
(viii) Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

SECTION A
1. A body acquires charge 8.0 × 10–12 C. The mass of the body :
(A) increases by 4.5 × 10–7 kg (B) decreases by 1.0 × 10–6 kg
(C) decreases by 4.55 × 10–23 kg (D) increases by 9.1 × 10–23 kg

Ans.

2. A current flows through a cylindrical conductor of radius R. The current density at a point in the conductor is j = (along
its axis), here is a constant and r is distance from the axis of the conductor. The current flowing through the portion of
R
the conductor from r = 0 to r = is proportional to :
2
(A) R (B) R2 (C) R3 (D) R4

Ans.

15
 Sample Question Papers Physics-XII 19
19. An equiconvex lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.55. If the focal length of the lens is 15.0 cm, calculate the
radius of curvature of its surfaces.

Ans.

20. Calculate the mass of an -particle in atomic mass unit (u). Given,
Mass of a normal helium atom = 4.002603 u
Mass of carbon atom = 1.9926 × 10–26 kg

Ans.

21. In an intrinsic semiconductor, carrier’s concentration is 5 × 108 m–3. On doping with impurity atoms, the hole concentration
becomes 8 × 1012 m–3.
(a) Identify (i) the type of dopant and (ii) the extrinsic semiconductor so formed.
(b) Calculate the electron concentration in the extrinsic semiconductor.

Ans.
 1. "Like Charges Leave, Unlike Charges Unite" 2. "Coulomb's Force Depends on 'q' and 'r' squared"
• Like charges repel
• F = 1/4πε0·q1q2r
• Unlike charges attract

3. "PVC Makes Electricity Flow" 4. Capacitance Combinations :

• Potential • Series Inverse
• Voltage
• Parallel Direct
• Capacitance

5. "VIRAl Ohm" • Resistors in Parallel

• Ohm's Law : V = IR
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2
• Resistors : In Series : R = R1 + R2

6. "Right Hand Thumb Rule - Motion is King" 7. "FBI" Rule

• Thumb → current • Force (F), Magnetic field (B), Current (I) – use
• Fingers → magnetic field right hand for direction

8. Magnetic Field Due to a Bar Magnet at a Point "Axial gets 2, Equator gets 1"
µ0 2M
• Axial point : B = . 9. No Monopole, No Net Flux
4π r 3
µ0 M → →
• Equatorial point : .
4π r 2 ∫ B·dA = 0

10. "Faraday EMF In Motion" 11. "LENZ opposes Change"

• Faraday's laws : EMF induced due to motion or • Lenz's Law : Induced current opposes the cause
change in flux producing it

12. ICE and ELI Rule

Component Mnemonic Meaning
Inductor ELI E (voltage) leads I
Capacitor ICE I (current) leads E

33
1. Variation of electric field due to an infinite line of 3. Electric potential due to a charged non-conducting
charge due to distance r. sphere of radius R.
E
V

r
2. Electric potential due to a charged shell or conducting (0, 0)
R r
solid sphere of radius R.
V
On surface 4. Electric field due to a charged plane sheet.

(0, 0)
R r
E

1. Graph for variation of electric field E and electric 3. Graph between total energy U stored in a capacitor
potential V with distance r due to a point charge Q. against capacitance C when charge is kept constant.

C
E
(or V)
V

U U0
r
2. Graph between charge Q and potential difference V
for a capacitor.

V = Q/C C
V0

V : If V is kept constant then

V0
1
E= CV2 i.e. E ∝ C i.e. graph between E and C
2
Q should be a straight line.

35
 S. No. Physical Quantity Notation S.I. Unit
1. Electric charge q or Q coulomb i.e., C
2. Electric force F newton i.e., N
3. Permittivity ε C2 N–1 m–2
4. Absolute Permittivity i.e., ∈0 C2 N–1 m–2
permittivity of free space
5. Relative permittivity or dielectric constant ∈r or K no unit
6. Electric intensity i.e., field strength E N C–1
7. Electric dipole moment p coulomb metre i.e., C m
8. Electric flux φE N m2 C–1

1. Charge is Quantised 7. By superposition principle

q = ± ne → 1 q1 Ù 1 q2 Ù 1 qn Ù
E= r 1p + r 2p .....+ r np
2. Coulomb’s Law 4πε 0 q1P
2
4πε0 q2P
2
4πε0 qn2P
1 | q1 || q2 | → 1 n
q ∧
F =
4πε0 r2
E=
4πε 0
∑r r
2 1p
i = 1 1p
3. Coulomb’s law in position vector form → →
8. Electric Flux (ΦE) = Φ = ò E. dS
æ 1 ÷ö q1q2 → →
F = ççç ÷÷ 3 .(r1 - r2 )
9. Electric Dipole, p = q × 2a
èç 4πε0 ÷ø r
10. Electric Dipole
4. Forces between Multiple Charges
(a) At any point on axial line
→ → → →
F 1 = F12 + F13 + ..... + F1n → 1 2p
For r >> a, E = (axial line)
4πε0 r 3
1 éê q1q 2 Ù q1q n Ù ùú
F1 = r + ...... + r1n ú (b) At any point on equatorial line
4 πε 0 êëê r122
12
r12n úû
→
→ 1 p
q1 n
qi Ù For r >> a, E = - (equatorial line)
F1 = 4πε år 2
r1i 4 πε 0 r 3
i=1
0 1i
11. Potential energy
5. Electric Field → →
U = - p ·E = pE cos θ
Force F experienced by any charge q held at that point
in the electric field E by the formula :
q dq
12. Linear charge density, λ = =
F = qE L dl
6. Electric field intensity or strength due to a point q dq
charge 13. Surface charge density, σ = =
a dn
→ 1 Q
E = ´ r q dq
4πε 0 r 2 14. Volume charge density, ρ = =
V dV
43
ne

59
1. The unit of permittivity of free space ε0 is 10. The torque acting on a dipole of dipole
(a) C N2 m–1 (b) N m–2 C–2 ® ®
2 –2 –2 moment p in an electric field E is
(c) C N m (d) C2 N–1 m–2
2. The dimensional formula of permittivity (∈0) of free → → → →
(a) p/ E (b) p ×E
space is
(a) [M–1L–3T4A2] (b) [M–1L–2T2A] → →
–1 –2 –2 (c) zero (d) E × p
(c) [M L T A] (d) [M–1L–2T–2A2]
3. The number of electrons present is – 1·6 × 10–6 coulomb 11. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° with an
charge is electric field intensity 2×105 N/C. It experiences a torque
(a) 101 (b) 1012 equal to 4 N m. The charge on the dipole, if the dipole
(c) 10 13 (d) 1014 length is 2 cm, is
(a) 7 µC (b) 8 mC
4. The property of an electric charge, which states that
any charged body will have an integral multiple of the (c) 2 mC (d) 5 mC
basic charge on an electron ‘e.’ i.e., q = ± ne, where 12. Dimensions of electric flux are
n = 1, 2, 3, is known as (a) [M1L3T–3A–1] (b) [ML2T2A–1]
3
(c) [ML T A ] 2 –2 (d) [ML2T3A–1]
(a) Invariance of charge
(b) Conservation of electric charge 13. S.I. unit of electric field intensity is
(c) Quantisation of electric charge (a) N C (b) N C2
(d) Both (b) and (c) (c) N C –1 (d) N–1 C
5. How does the force between two point charges change 14. If the net electric flux through a closed surface is zero,
if the dielectric constant of the medium in which they then we can infer :
are kept, increases ? (a) no net charge is enclosed by the surface
(a) Increases (b) remains same (b) uniform electric field exists within the surface
(c) may be (b) or (a) (d) decreases
(c) electric potential varies from point to point
6. Two electrically charged particles, having charges of inside the surface
different magnitudes, when placed at a
distance ‘d’ from each other experience a force of (d) charge is present inside the surface
attraction ‘F.’ These two particles are put in contact 15. The total electric flux through any closed surface in
and again placed at the same distance from each other. free space is 1/∈r times, the total electric charge enclosed
The nature of new force between them is by the surface is from
(a) repulsive (b) attractive (a) Gauss’ Law (b) Coulomb’s law
(c) negative (d) None of these (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
7. Two equal balls having equal positive charge ‘q’ coulomb 16. The non-conducting materials in which charges are
are suspended by two insulating strings of equal length. easily produced on the application of electric fields
What would be the effect on the force when a plastic Air, H2 gas, glass, mica, paraffin wax, transformer oil,
sheet is inserted between the two ? etc. are called
(a) increase (b) reduce (a) Insulators (b) Conductors
(c) no effect (d) can not be said with surity (c) Semiconductors (d) Dielectrics
8. The region surrounding a stationary electric dipole 17. The maximum value of the electric field intensity that
has can be applied to the dielectric material without its
(a) electric field only electric breakdown is called
(b) magnetic field only (a) dielectric strength of that material
(c) both electric and magnetic field
(b) breakdown strength
(d) neither electric nor magnetic field
9. Electric field intensity due to an electric dipole at a (c) some breakdown strength
point of distance r from its centre varies as (d) none of these
(a) r (b) r2 18. An electrostatic field line cannot be discontinuous
(c) r 3 (d) r–3 because

73
 Each question given below, has two statements : one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A) : In a non-uniform electric field, a dipole 9. Assertion (A) : A charged particle free to move in an
will have translatory as well as rotatory motion. electric field always follows the electric field line.
Reason (R) : In a non-uniform electric field, a dipole Reason (R) : The electric field lines start from a positive
experiences a force as well as torque. charge and end on a negative charge.
2. Assertion (A) : In a uniform electric field, a dipole will 10. Assertion (A) : A point charge at rest is released in
have rotatory motion but not translatory motion. an electric field. It will move along the electric field line.
Reason (R) : In a uniform electric field, the dipole Reason (R) : The force on a positive point charge is
experiences a torque but no net force. along the electric field.
3. Assertion (A) : During charging by rubbing, the 11. Assertion (A) : A water molecule placed near an infinite
insulating material with lower work function becomes uniform sheet of charge may rotate but will not move
positively charged. towards or away from the sheet.
Reason (R) : Electrons are negatively charged particles. Reason (R) : The net force on a dipole in uniform electric
4. Assertion (A) : The Coulomb’s force is the dominating field is zero.
force in the universe. 12. Assertion (A) : The number of electric field lines drawn
Reason (R) : Coulomb’s force is stronger than the from a charge is proportional to the magnitude of the
gravitational force. charge.
5. Assertion (A) : The lightning conductor at the top of Reason (R) : The electric field at a point is proportional
a high building has sharp pointed ends. to the magnitude of the source charge.
Reason (R) : The surface density of charge at sharp 13. Assertion (A) : A charged body can have charge, which
points is very high resulting in setting up electric winds. is an integral multiple of electronic charge (e).
6. Assertion (A) : If a metal is placed between two electric Reason (R) : Electrons are always transferred in integral
charges, the electric force between them becomes zero. values from one body to another body.
Reason (R) : Dielectric constant of metal is infinite. 14. Assertion (A) : Electric field due to a source charge Q
at the location of a small test charge q0 changes, when
7. Assertion (A) : The whole charge of a body can be the test charge is replaced by 2q0.
transferred to another body.
Reason (R) : Electric field at a point due to a source
Reason (R) : Electric charge cannot be transferred charge is independent of the test charge at that point.
partially.
15. Assertion (A) : A charge q placed inside a uniformly
8. Assertion (A) : Electric flux through a closed surface charged shell experiences no force.
enclosing an electric dipole is zero. Reason (R) : The electric field inside a uniformly
Reason (R) : The net charge of electric dipole is zero. charged shell is zero.

a a b d a a c a d b
a a a d a

96
1. Establishment of Law of Electrostatics Ù
The test charge experiences a force of (3·4 N) i and
Charles Coulomb established the law of electrostatic Ù
force. According to this law, magnitude of electrostatic force –(2·4 N) j at points P and Q respectively..
between two static point charges q1 and q2 separated by a (i) The electric field at point P is
q1q2 Ù Ù
distance r is given by F = k , where k is Coulomb’s
r2 (a) (3·4 × 10–8 N/C) i (b) (3·4 × 108 N/C) j
constant. Its value depends on the system of units and the Ù Ù
1 (c) (3·4 × 10–8 N/C) j (d) (3·4 × 10–8 N/C) j
nature of the medium between the point charges. k = for
80 (ii) The electric field at point Q is
water and k = 9 × 109 Nm2c–2 for air. Coulomb’s law is not Ù
universal law. (a) (2·4 × 10–8 N/C) i
(i) What is the nature of electrostatic force ? Ù
(b) (2·4 × 10–8 N/C) i
(a) Attractive or repulsive
Ù
(b) Attractive only (c) –(2·4 × 10–8 N/C) j
(c) Repulsive only
Ù
(d) None of these (d) –(2·4 × 10–8 N/C) j
(ii) If F is the force between electron and proton separated (iii) The force acting on a point charge –(1µC) at
by a distance r in air, then what is the nature of the point P is
force between proton and electron separated by the
Ù Ù
same distance in water ? (a) –(3·4 × 102 N) i (b) – (3·4 × 10–2 N) i
(a) 3 × 10–8 N Ù Ù
(b) 3.2 × 10–6 N (c) (3·4 × 102 N) j (d) – (3·4 × 102 N) j
(c) 2.3 × 10–8 N attractive Or
(d) 2.3 × 10–8 N repulsive The force acting on a point charge –(1µC) at point Q
(iii) Electrostatic force between electron and proton is
separated by a distance of 10–10 m in air ? Ù Ù
(a) F (b) F/80 (a) (2·4 × 102 N) i (b) (2·4 × 102 N) j
(c) 80 F (d) F/3 Ù Ù
(c) (3·2 × 102 N) i (d) – (3·2 × 102 N) j
Or
3. Tube of Electric Lines due to a Charged
What is the acceleration of electron due to mutual
attraction between proton and electron in air is (mass Metallic Shell
of electron = 9·1 × 10–31 kg) ? The tube of electric field lines passing through a surface
(a) 5.2 × 1022 m s–2 (b) 5.2 × 1020 m s–2 is nothing but electric flux passing through the surface.
(c) 2.5 × 1020 m s–2 (d) 2.5 × 1022 m s–2
2. Set of Electric Charges Placed in Different
Quadrants of Uniform Electric Field
A set of electric charges at rest is placed in a region. A
positive test charge q0 = 10 nC is placed at points P and Q in
the region of the electric field due to the set of electric
Consider a thin metallic spherical shell of radius R
charges as shown in figure.
carrying a charge Q on its surface. A point charge
Q
is placed at the centre of the spherical shell and another
2
charge +2Q is placed outside the shell at a distance x from its
centre as shown in figure.

108
S. No. Physical Quantity Relation Dimensional Formula SI Unit

1. Charge I×t [M0L0TI] coulomb (C)

1 I
2. Conductance =
G = [M–1L–2T3I2] siemens (S)
R V
3. Current Fundamental quantity [M0L0T0I] ampere (A)
1
4. Conductivity σ= [M–1L–3T 3A2] S m–1 or Ω–1 m–1
ρ

1
5. Capacitive reactance XC = [ML2T–3A–2] Ω
ωC
6. Coercivity Hc [M0L–1T0A] A m–1 or Ν m–2 T–1
7. Dipole moment q × 2l [M0LTI] Cm
1
8. Electrical conductivity σ= ρ [M–1L–3T3I2] S/m

9. Electric flux  = EA [ML3T–3T–1] N/m2 C

F
10. Electric intensity E= [MLT–3I–1] N/C
q
W
11. Electric potential V= [ML2T–3I–1] volt (V)
q

12. Electrochemical z= m [MI–1T–1] kg/C

equivalent q

13. Magnetic dipole moment ΙΑ [M0L2T0I] A m2

14. Magnetic flux B ×A [ML2T–2I–1] weber (Wb)
F
15. Magnetic induction or B= [ML0T–2I–1] tesla (T) or Wb/m2
qυ
magnetic flux density
16. Premeability µ0 [M L T–2 A–2] N A–2 or Wb A–1 m–1
17. Permittivity ε0 [M–1 L–3 T4 A2] C2 / N m–2
18. Packing fraction ρ [ML0 T0] kg nucleus–1

ω 0L
19. Quality factor Q= [M0L0T0] No unit
R
V
20. Resistance R= [ML2T–3I–2] ohm (Ω)
I
Rydberg’s constant R [M0L–1T0]m–1 m–1
21. Resonant angular ω0 [M0L0T–1] Hz
frequency
129
General Instructions.
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section–A, Section–B, Section–C, Section–D and Section–E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section–A contains 16 questions, 12 MCQ and 4 Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section–B contains 5
questions of 2 marks each, Section–C contains 7 questions of 3 marks each, Section–D contains 2 case study-based
questions of 4 marks each and Section–E contains 3 long answer questions of 5 marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 question in Section–B, 1 question in
Section–C, and all 3 questions in Section E. You have to attempt only 1 of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
(i) c = 3 × 108 m/s
(ii) me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
(iii) mp = 1.7 × 10–27 kg
(iv) e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
(v) 0 = 4π × 10–7 Tm A–1
(vi) h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
(vii) 0 = 8.854 × 10–12 C2N–1m–2
(viii) Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

1. Force of attraction between two point charges placed in 3. The phase difference between any two points situated on
air at a distance r from each other is F. If these charges the same wavefront is
are placed in a medium of dielectric constant 5 with (a) 2 π (b) π
same separation between them, then the force of
π
attraction between them is (c) 0 (d)
(a) F (b) 5F 2
F Ans. (c) Every point on a wavefront vibrates in phase.
(c) (d) Zero Therefore, phase difference between any two points
5 on the same wavefront is zero.
F
Ans. (c) Here, Fm = a , where dielectric constant (K) of water 4. Outside a nucleus
K
is 80. (a) Neutron is stable
→
2. The torque acting on a dipole of dipole moment p in an (b) Proton and neutron both are stable
→
electric field E is (c) Neutron is unstable
→ → → → (d) Neither neutron nor proton is stable
(a) p / E (b) p × E Ans. (c)
→ →
(c) zero (d) E × p
→ → →
Ans. (b) Torque, τ = p× E
131
 Sample Question Papers Physics-XII 133

17. Write the difference between interference pattern and diffraction pattern.
Ans.

18. Calculate the frequency associated with a photon of The electron accelerates for an average time
energy 3.3 × 10–20 J (h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js) interval τ.
Ans. Energy, E = hν Therefore, the drift velocity is given by
E (3.3 ×10−20 ) → → →
or ν = = = 5 × 1013 Hz d = u+ aτ
h (6.6 ×10−34 )
19. Calculate the distance of an object of height h from a  → →
→ → −e E
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, so as to obtain a → −e E =  u 0=
and a 
real image of magnification. or = 0+ τ  
d
m  m 
 
−v −v
Ans. For real image, – m = i.e., –2 = i.e., 2u + v →
u u → −e E
or d = τ
Using mirror formula m
1 1 1 → eE
+ = , and | d |
v u f d
m
21. In a two-slit experiment, the slits are separated by
1 1 1 2 + 1 −1 0.03 cm and the screen is placed 1.5 m away. The
We get + = i.e., = distance between the central fringe and the fourth
2u u −10 2u 10
fringe is 1 cm. Determine the wavelength of light used
3 −1 in the experiment.
i.e. = i.e., u = –15 cm Or
2u 10
20. Find an expression for Drift Velocity Consider interference between two sources of
intensities I and 4 I. Obtain intensity at a point, where
→
Ans. Consider a conductor under the influence of electric field E . π
the phase difference is .
The force experienced by an electron in the electric 2
field is given by Ans. Fringe difference
→ → λD
F = – eE y =n
→
d
The negative sign shows that the directions of F and
→ yd 10−2 × (0.03 × 10−2 )
E are opposite directions. or λ= =
nD 4 × 1.5
The acceleration of the electron : –7
= 5 × 10 m
→
→ F Or
a = Resultant Intensity
m
where, m is the mass of the electron IR = aI1 + aI2 + 2 I1I 2 cos φ
→
→ −e E π
or a = = 1 + 4I + 2 I × 4I cos = 5I
m 2
General Instructions.Same as given in Sample Question Paper-1.

1. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° with an 4. The radius of innermost orbit of hydrogen or hydrogen–
electric field intensity 2 × 105 N/C. It experiences a torque like atoms is called
equal to 4 Nm. The charge on the dipole, if the dipole (a) Impact parameter
length is 2 cm, is (b) Distance of closest approach
(a) 7 µC (b) 8 mC (c) Rydberg’s radius
(c) 2 mC (d) 5 mC (d) Bohr’s radius
Ans. (c) Torque τ = pE sin θ = (q × 2l) E sinθ Ans. (d) Bohr’s radius.
5. If a long hollow copper pipe carries a current, the
i.e., q = magnetic field produced will be
2 l E sin (a) inside the pipe only
4 (b) outside the pipe only
= (c) neither inside nor outside the pipe
2 × 10 –2 × 2 × 10 5 × sin 30°
(d) both inside and outside the pipe
4 Ans. (b) Current flows on the surface of the pipe, so as per
= 1
2 × 10 × 2 × 10 5 ×
–2 Ampere’s circuital law, there is no magnetic field
2 inside the pipe.
= 2 × 10–3 C= 2 mC 6. Two parallel wires in free space are 10 cm apart and
2. The electric lines of force due to point charges each carries a current of 10 A in the same direction. The
q < 0 is correctly depicted in force exerted by one wire on the other (per metre
length) is
(a) 2 × 10–4 N (attractive) (b) 2 × 10–7 N (attractive)
(a) (b) (c) 2 × 104 N (attractive) (d) 2 × 10–7 N (repulsive)

F 0 FG IJ 2 I2
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
l
=
4 H K r
Ans. (a) The given charge is a negative charge, so the lines 10 −7 × 2 × 100
sink in it. =
10−1
3. Which of the following phenomena is used in optical
fibre ? = 2 × 10–4 N
(a) Total internal reflection 7. If a copper wire carries a current of 80·0 mA, how
(b) Scattering many electrons flow past a given cross–section of the
wire in 10.0 min ?
(c) Reflection
(a) 0·3 × 1020 electrons (b) 3·0 × 1016 electrons
(d) Interference
Ans. (a) (c) 9·0 × 1018 electrons (d) 3·0 × 1020 electrons
143
 Sample Question Papers Physics-XII 167
(a) For, λ > λp For wire P,
From (1) & (2) V = (ρL1/A)neA d ...(i)
1
h h For wire Q,
4 m pvα > m p v p ⇒ vp > 4v V = (ρL2/A)neA d ...(ii)
2
(b) For λ = λp Equating (i) and (ii),
Using (1) and (2) L11 = L22
h h d1 / d = L2/L1
= 2
4m pvα m pv p d1 / d = 2/1
2
v p > 4v Hence, the ratio of drift velocities of electrons in
19. Compare the focal lengths of the two lenses shown below wires P and Q is 2 : 1.
if the radius of curvature of the curved surface is the 21. The image below shows a setup of a device that is used to
same in both lenses. increase the diameter of a light beam from a laser.
Lens 2

R R
Lens 1

plano plano
concave convex

f1 f2

Ans. Lens Maker’s Formula Show how a combination of a convex and a concave lens
 1 1  can also be arranged to increase the diameter of a light
1
= (n21 – 1)  R − R  beam. Your answer should include how the two lenses
f  1 2  should be arranged and the distance between the two
For the plano-concave lens, lenses. (Note that the rays in both the incident and
emergent beam are parallel.)
1  1 1
= ( n21 − 1)  −  Or
f1  −R ∞  A glass beaker of height 10 cm, completely filled with
R water (refractive index = 4/3), has a curved bottom which
f1 = – is silvered as shown below.
n21 − 1
For the plano-convex lens, Observer
in air
1 1 1 
( n − 1)  −
f2 = 21  ∞ −R 

R
f2 = 5 cm
n21 − 1
10 cm
f1 : f2 = – 1 : 1
20. (a) Two copper wires, P and Q of the same area of cross-
section are joined in parallel. The combination of
wires is connected across a battery of potential
Water
difference V. If the length of the wires, P and Q are in
the ratio 1:2, find the ratio of drift velocities of
electrons in wires P and Q.
A plastic coin remains submerged in water at a depth of
Ans. (a) The wires are connected in parallel, the potential
5 cm from the top of the beaker. An observer sees the
difference ′V′ across both wires will be the same.
coin in the water and its image in the mirror. If the
The wires have the same resistivity ρ
image formed by the curved mirror is seen by the
Let the length of wires P and Q be d1 and d2 observer at a distance of 15 cm from the surface of the
respectively. water, what is the focal length of the curved surface?
I = neAd (Assume the silvered curved surface acts as a spherical
mirror.)
L1/L2 = 1/2
Ans. Concave lens should be placed before the convex lens.
V = RI = (ρL/A)I
General Instructions. Same as given in Sample Question Paper-1.

1. An electric dipole of dipole moment 2×10–8 C–m in a 7. According to Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field at a
uniform electric field experiences a maximum torque of point due to current-carrying element depends on
6 × 10–4 Nm. The magnitude of electric field is distance r of a point from current element as
(a) 3·0 × 104 Vm–1 (b) 2·2 Vm–1
4 –1 1
(c) 1·2 × 10 Vm (d) 4·2 × 103 Vm–1 (a) B ∝ r (b) B ∝
→ r
2. Electric flux of an electric field E through an area
→ 1
d A is given by (c) B ∝ r2 (d) B ∝
→ → r
→ → E× d A 8. When a current flows in a conductor, the order of magnitude
(a) E × d A (b)
∈0 of drift velocity of electrons through it is :
→ →
→ → (a) 10–7 cm/s (b) 10–2 cm/s
(c) E .d A (d) E .d A (c) 104 cm/s (d) 1010 cm/s
∈0 7
9. When 3Li nuclei are bombarded by protons, the resultant
3. An arbitrary surface encloses a dipole, the electric flux
through this surface is nuclei are 4Be8. The particles emitted will be :
(a) infinite (b) fairly large (a) alpha particles (b) beta particles
(c) zero (d) much more than zero (c) gamma particles (d) neutron
4. When exposed to sunlight, thin films of oil on water 10. Electric and magnetic field vectors in E.M. waves are
often exhibit brilliant colours due to the phenomenon of : (a) perpendicular to each other
(a) dispersion (b) interference (b) parallel to each other
(c) diffraction (d) none of these (c) 270º to each other
4
5. Radius of 2He nucleus is 3 fermi. (d) None of these
The radius of 82Pb206 nucleus will 11. The self-inductance of an air core solenoid of 100 turns
be is 1 mH. The self-inductance of another solenoid of 50
(a) 5 fermi (b) 6 fermi turns (with the same length and cross-sectional area)
(c) 7 fermi (d) 10 fermi with a core having relative permeability 500 is
→
6. A charge ‘q’ moves in a region, where electric field E (a) 125 mH (b) 24 mH
→ (c) 60 mH (d) 30 mH
and magnetic field B both exists, then the force on it is
→ → → → → 12. In the diagram, I1, I2 are the strengths of the currents in the
(a) q ( v × B) (b) q E + q ( v × B) loop and straight conductors, respectively. OA = AB = R.
→ → → → → →
(c) q E + q ( B × v ) (d) q B + q ( E × v ) The net magnetic field at the centre O is zero. Then the ratio
of the currents in the loop and the straight conductor is
187
 Similar Model Paper as per CBSE Paper

Series : SET ~ 1

Q.P. Code XXXX

(Roll No.)

Candidates must write the Q.P. Code

on the title page of the answer-book.

PHYSICS (Theory)
70 :3
Maximum Marks : 70 Time allowed : 3 hours

/NOTE #

(I) 13
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on the answer-book by the candidate.

(III) 33
Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.

(IV)

Please write down the serial number of the question in the answer-book at the given place
before attemping it.

(V) 15 10.15
10.15 10.30

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