BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

BOOK SUMMARY:
ARA COMPANY ALL
By: Julio C. Almendariz
Personal data student

Julio Cesar Almendariz Coloma

Book data

COMPANIES FOR EVERYONE

Muhammad Yunus

Editorial: Norma S. A., Av. El Dorado No. 90-10, Bogotá, Colombia.

Latin America

No. Of pages: 235 p.

Start Date of the Reading: December 23, 2014

Completion Date of the Reading: December 26, 2014

Personal assessment: Excellent

 Summary
INTRODUCTION
Social enterprise, from dream to reality

Poverty is not created by the poor themselves, it is due to the services that are
Vital for the self-realization of individuals are not within reach.
immediate concern of the poor, for which credit should be given the status of one of
human rights.

We can create a world free of poverty if we redesign our system.

correcting its serious failures, which are what create poverty.
The concept of social enterprise

We forgot that the financial crisis is just one of the many crises threatening us.
humanity. We are also suffering from a global food crisis, a crisis
energy crisis, an environmental crisis, a healthcare crisis.

These crises arise from the same root: a fundamental failure in the theoretical model of
capitalism.

The biggest flaw of our current theory of capitalism lies in its false
representation of human nature. Human beings are beings
multidimensional. Their happiness comes from many sources, not just from doing
money as posited by current capitalism.

Without a doubt, human beings are selfish, but they are also altruistic. It is true.
In many countries, those who make charitable donations receive benefits.
taxes for this reason, but those tax exemptions barely compensate for part of the
donated money.

We must replace the unidimensional person of economic theory with the

multidimensional person who has both selfish and altruistic interests at the same time.

In a social enterprise, the investor seeks to help others without making any
financial gain for himself. The social enterprise is a business because it has
to be self-sustaining, that is, to generate enough income to cover its own expenses.
costs. "Campaign without loss or dividends."
It is not a dream but a reality

Designing a social enterprise is like developing a seed. Once it has been

developed, anyone can plant it where it is needed.

We need a new way of thinking about the economy that doesn't lead us to produce.
a new series of crises but that is capable of ending the crises once and for all
for all.
CHAPTER 1
Why social enterprise?

The social enterprise is a type of company different from traditional companies already
that its main objective is neither to create nor to maximize profits, since this
The type of company is dedicated to solving social, economic, and
environmental issues such as hunger, homelessness, diseases, pollution
and ignorance, among others.

In addition to having a different approach to non-profit organizations

profit that depends on donations, of course it should not be seen as a
simple social initiative, social entrepreneurship company or as a company
socially responsible.

There are 2 types of social enterprises: Type I, which consists of a company that
does not generate losses or dividends, is dedicated to solving a social problem, is owned
from investors; type II are companies that generate profits, are owned
of poor people.

There are 7 principles that characterize the social enterprise:

The company's objective is to overcome poverty or confront one or more

social problems – not the one of maximizing profits.

The company will achieve financial and economic sustainability

3. Investors only recover the initial investment.

4. When the investment is returned, the profit stays in the company to

expansion and improvement.

The company will be environmentally responsible.

6. The company's workers receive the salary set by the market, in

better working conditions than the standard.

It is done with joy.

Social Enterprise and Corporate Social Responsibility

The social enterprise is different from Corporate Social Responsibility programs.

Corporate in which these are almost always used to improve the image of a
company or to promote the idea that the company is a good neighbor and for the
On the contrary, the social enterprise is directly dedicated to changing the situation.
economic and social condition of the poor or to bring about some other improvement in the world.

The initiative of the social enterprise concept arises from wanting to tackle a problem
social or economic for which a company is created to face that challenge
in a self-sustaining way.
CHAPTER 2
Growing pains

In 2007, the first socially conscious company was founded in the

world, this company was Grameen-Danone which was focused on combating the
malnutrition of the child population of Bangladesh, through commercialization of
fortified yogurt with the main nutrients needed in the diet of the
children.

This company was born out of a conversation between Muhammad Yunus, the creator of the
initiative of social enterprises and the Grameen group, and the chairman of the board
directive and CEO of the Danone Group, Frank Riboud, who after
to understand the concept of a social enterprise, I decided to join as a partner. After this,
the two organizations dedicated a great amount of resources and time to achieve
a product aimed at solving the previously identified social problem: the
child malnutrition.

Despite all the efforts and prior planning, the company Grameen-
Danone experienced a stagnation in sales that did not contribute to the self
business sustainability. Essentially, two problems were identified in the
marketing, the network of retail stores that distributed was small and not
they had reliable electric service that allowed for the storage of
product; on the other hand, the other important sales force, the Grameen ladies,
they had not been involved in the business in the way that was expected, basically
for a cultural issue that after analysis by experts was able to be corrected and was in
this moment when yogurt sales increased steadily.

Just like with the marketing issue, there were other inconveniences,
Global crisis in food prices affected the price of milk, main
raw material of yogurt, what Grameen-Danone literally obtained
losses per glass of yogurt sold, which made the company not self-sustaining
sustainable and, although it met its goal of combating malnutrition, it did not fulfill
with the requirement of self-sustainability. This situation placed her in the position of
charity organization which was not the idea; in light of this situation it was also
It is necessary to propose initiatives such as new presentations and higher sales, to
to be able to reach the desired income level.

After difficult periods, Grameen-Danone has managed to find a formula

successful, which allows fulfilling its main objective while also being self
sustainable. Although it has not been easy, it has been made possible thanks to the effort and
work of a committed group to move the company forward; just like in
any social or common company, the fact of knowing what is wanted and
being determined to do it has allowed to achieve success.
CHAPTER 3
Launch a new strategy

To launch a social enterprise, one needs to have creativity, entrepreneurial spirit, and
the desire to create a better world; seeking to solve a social problem with this.
You can start by making a list of the world's problems and ask yourself if
you can design a social enterprise that solves the problem. The correct problem to
choosing is the one you can handle easily and for that make sure that the
the connection between the objective and the product should be very clear.

If you have difficulty identifying a problem you want to solve, look for a
group of people who need help and then imagine how it could be
to help them. The goal is to create or find a product that empowers their customers,
something that not only consumes but also helps them earn more or save more than what
they spend on their product. Some ideas for creating new business concepts
social services aimed at serving certain groups are to improve production and access
to the markets, provide employment, help consumers, for example.

Another way to approach the development of a social enterprise is to look at the current or
new technologies and see how these technological advances can help
to meet human needs, whether in infrastructure or adapting the
technology of the rich for the needs of the poor, strengthen the
sustainability and the environment through technological solutions.

Your goal as a social entrepreneur is to create a business model that can be

profitable and at the same time provide a valuable service for the poor or by
any other relaxed segment of society. To achieve this, a can be created a
new model testing it first or creatively modifying an existing one and
even creating an alternative model. Another way is by working with partners,
always keeping in mind that what is sought is a social good and not profits.

Like any company, even if it is of a social nature, it must have the resources.
necessary and highly capable humans, as they often have to extract
the talent from the same place where companies extract it for profit. To
Hello, one must compete to have equal job offers financially.
but always the offer from the social enterprise has the added benefit of the final reward of
help people day by day, by fulfilling the responsibilities of their position.

A social enterprise is very similar to a for-profit business but before

To initiate it, a business plan must be produced that outlines its objectives and the
means it will use to seek them out. In a social enterprise, the goal is to provide a
social benefit with intelligent financial and managerial policies as a means to
to achieve that end. To create this objective, the questions have to be asked
norms that are used to start any business such as: what product or
What service am I going to offer? Who are my competitors?

To begin, it is recommended to start small, try to find a model

that works and this can take years there is always a learning curve that
to negotiate, but all of this is worth it when there is that satisfaction of doing it for
help the people who really need it.
CHAPTER 4
Heal a child

A recent case of a social enterprise in the health sector is that of two

Italians, one a doctor and the other a businessman, who joined together to create a company.
with the purpose of curing a genetic disease, thalassemia. This disease
it is a genetic disorder that affects the blood of the children who suffer from it, this
because it is transmitted genetically by a recessive gene, without treatment the children
they die before the age of 10.

So far, developed countries have achieved this through previous studies.

significantly reduce the number of children affected by it but in South Asia
this is not the case where a large part of the population carries the gene that causes it.

Doctor Faulkner, due to his experience with blood diseases, wanted

create an organization to provide medical care to poor children everywhere
world and thus have enough cases that help to study the cure more easily
these ills and to provide medical assistance to poor children who have never had it
they could have. To achieve this, he established connections with parents who wanted to collaborate,
Italian banks and his colleagues in Pakistan where the project started.

Nowadays, the foundation is curing thalassemia in Pakistan at very low costs.

(4000 euros monthly from payroll) already carrying out nearly 20 operations of
transplant

It should be clarified that Cure2children's operations started functioning.

as an NGO that only collects donations to be able to operate, but after
Several meetings will be held to launch the social enterprise in India for the same purpose.
Cure2children and the Grameen Healthcare Trust. For this social enterprise
Without donations, it will have to use the cross system, which consists of that
the operations for people who can afford the cost of it will finance the
operation for those who cannot afford the cost of the transplant.

In addition, a technological information platform will be created that allows for the
constant exchange of knowledge between Italy, India, and Pakistan, which was
as Dr. Faulkner had initially proposed it so that it would
I would learn more about the different types of cancers. This makes this company
Social is a shared risk company as a learning organization.
CHAPTER 5
Legal and financial frameworks for the social enterprise

In order to obtain resources to finance a social enterprise project, one must

first formulate a convincing business plan that incorporates the assignment of
a budget that includes a good cost estimation and a calculation of
pessimistic income to prevent unforeseen events from bringing the project down.

Considering the above, an appropriate cash flow must be constructed to manage.

income and expenses in a realistic way and with monthly estimates to avoid
possible defunding throughout the year. These projections must be made
with a minimum 5-year window to give consistency to the proposal.

Three options are recommended for obtaining funding for social enterprises:
Personal network; that can be generated with family groups, friend groups,
social networks, etc., that can be motivated to support a certain
initiative. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds from some companies
that allocate resources for social projects. And subsidies from foundations and
donations from organizations and individuals in general. To leave a good
impression on investors must reflect the passion that one has for it
intention of the proposal and reflect a solvent management and a work team
well organized.

There are several legal models of companies: those for profit that have
owner or owners can generate actions, generate profits for the owners or
shareholders and pay taxes on their activities. Non-profit companies
those that have no owner do not generate profits but social benefits, they do not pay
taxes but are subject to intense legal and regulatory scrutiny. None
of these models fits the social enterprise one as it is a mix of the two;
they have owners, can generate shares, and pay taxes, but they do not have so many
regulations, like for-profit companies, however do not generate
profits to the owners or shareholders like non-profit organizations. In the
In recent years, business models have emerged that resemble the company more closely.
social however the possibility of generating profits is its main difference.
CHAPTER 6
Grameen-Veolia Water

The company Grameen-Veolia Water is an example of a social enterprise with a

well-defined objective; to supply drinking water, at low cost, to the poor people of
the rural area of the city of Bangladesh, as it is polluted
with arsenic. The success of this company is based on the commitment of its
employees, since it started with a small project with little investment and that was
Charge the rich more for the service, in order to subsidize the poorest.

This company is proof that two or more companies can come together to
to form a social enterprise that can coexist with a for-profit company
along with another that only seeks the benefit of the most needy. This company
it also represents an experiment that proposes a solution to water scarcity
drinking water that worsens year by year in the world.
CHAPTER 7
The creation of a global infrastructure for social enterprises.

The book Creating a World Without Poverty sparked the desire to offer help in
many people. Some were business leaders, non-profit organizations
of profit, NGOs, foundations, and charitable entities. Many of those
entities came to see in the social enterprise a valuable tool for
promote global change in a sustainable and scalable way.

Apart from the people and organizations that are actually founding companies
socially, an important class of people is emerging that could be described
as 'thinkers about social enterprises', which are individuals and
organizations dedicated to studying and exploring the ideas underlying business
social, and to show them to everyone.
The Yunus Center

The Yunus Center was established to serve as an anchor for all social enterprises.
and institutions related to the Graamen group around the world. It serves to
exchange information and resources related to ideas and activities of the
social enterprise; monitors the progress of social enterprises, facilitates and sustains
relationships between social initiatives around the world and fosters the spirit of
movement of the social enterprise through different types of actions, means of
communication, publications, and internet portals. It also carries out a task of
extension to other countries of the world.
The Creative Laboratory Grameen

The Grameen Creative Lab (GCL for short) has the following
main tasks: communicate what relates to the social enterprise, incubate its own
social enterprises and support the creation, by others, of new businesses
social

The GCL as a social enterprise serves the cause of eradicating poverty while
it becomes economically sustainable. The operating costs of the GCL are covered
thanks to income-generating activities, such as consulting for large
companies, governments, foundations, and other institutions or individuals about the
establishment of social enterprises, the organization of seminars and other types of
meetings in the what it cobra attendance.
The GCL brings together a good part of the experience and knowledge of the companies.
existing social services, provides professional support to the process and supplies impulses
decisive creatives to develop ideas for social enterprises.

Another important achievement is that the GCL has brought the concept of social enterprise to
important business and civic leaders of Europe. It also organizes events of
large scale with the strong support of the 'events' management team of circ
(creative communications agency owned by Hans Reitz). But the achievement
The principal of the GCL has been the support it has given to major initiatives of companies.
new social

The Yunus Center and the GCL will provide advice to anyone who wants to establish a
social enterprise anywhere and propagate the concept, in order to eradicate the
poverty and solving other economic and social problems that we see around
our.
University centers to explore and nurture social enterprises

Universities can play a big role in developing the future of

social enterprises; they have teachers, researchers, and eager students
to explore new concepts and make a great impact in the world. They are also
widely respected civic institutions, non-partisan, which allows them to
to make fruitful connections between many types of organizations.

There are several interesting examples of the different ways in which the
Universities are promoting this cause. One is Caledonian University.
in Glasgow, Scotland, through the creation of various figures related to
The social enterprise has achieved many accomplishments, such as a social enterprise project.
aimed at improving healthcare in Bangladesh, which created the Caledonian
Nursing College, which will train young women from borrowing families
Grameen so they can become world-class nurses.
Another example is the Institute of Social Enterprises of California located in the
Channel Islands campus of the California State University, this
university besides working on a greater development of the curriculum,
detailing concepts and research opportunities in the field of business
social and studying the possibility of starting a financing fund for
support emerging social enterprises, is organizing an annual competition of
social business plans.

Elsewhere in the world, Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan created the

Grameen Technology Laboratory, which will identify and develop uses of
technology to alleviate social problems already determined by the family of
Grameen companies. The solutions conceived by the students and teachers of
Kyushu University will first be implemented in Bangladesh and then adapted.
for to be used in others countries in development.
A university program that focuses on social enterprises is that of the Center.
Yunus from the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT for short)
Bangkok, Thailand, which is advancing initiatives to understand and help
solve poverty issues through various forms of businesses
social. It also offers the title of Yunus Fellow, which is awarded to students who
develop, plan, and seek funding to put into practice
successfully a social enterprise project in the community they choose.
The prestigious business school Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) in Paris has
established a chair of social enterprises, where eleven professors from a series
of disciplines dedicate part of their time to this program that offers an ambitious
100-hour curriculum on social enterprises and poverty reduction.
Social investment funds

In order to support the growth of social enterprises, it will be important

establish several investment funds dedicated to backing them, which will offer
a series of services. They will measure the effectiveness of the companies worth it
invest money and they will provide a vehicle to instantly diversify the
investments in social enterprises. The funds must charge the companies for
they invest an annual fee for management, so that they pay their own
expenses, since investments in social enterprises cannot produce
dividends for their investors.
The next step: a social stock exchange

Eventually, a parallel stock exchange will emerge, dedicated to raising

investment capital for social enterprises and to facilitate the buying and selling of
actions in those companies. The social company must be clearly defined with the
to determine which companies could participate in a stock exchange
social. The stock prices in a social stock exchange will reflect the
consensus of social investors regarding the long-term value of the company
whose property they represent; that value will be measured not in terms of expectations
of profit but in terms of the social benefit produced, given that this is the
the primary objective of social investment. There will be two different classes of
stocks traded on the social stock exchange: stocks on which already
The amount of the initial investment and shares in which there are none has been paid.

Among the reasons one might wish to sell a stock of a social company
they want to recover the money before the company can
refund it, raise funds to buy shares in another social company, invest
in a fund of social enterprises or create your own private fund of companies
social for future investments in this type of companies.

On the other hand, there would be a desire to buy shares for reasons such as social pride,
emotional sympathy and desire to play a role in management of the
company; one can also speculate in social enterprises, investing in
actions that seem to have a good chance of increasing value. In the end the
the benefit would be the possibility of selling those shares at a future date and for that reason
receive a larger sum that could eventually be invested in some other one
social enterprise.
CHAPTER 8
Glimpses of tomorrow

In June 2010, it marked the 2nd anniversary of the public announcement of the concept of
social enterprise and during that period hundreds of people, companies, NGOs,
government agencies, academia, and other organizations have turned their eyes and
enthusiastic actions towards various social enterprises, both in operation
to collaborate, as in the conception of new ideas and projects.

Some additional examples beyond the ones mentioned earlier include new
social enterprises in Bangladesh and around the world.

BASF-Grameen
BASF from Germany is one of the largest chemical companies in the world,
involved in plastics, construction, agriculture, gas and oil production.
BASF has a huge number of patents filed and they put them to
Grameen's willingness to establish social businesses that can help the
poor. However, the two social enterprise projects being carried out are
based on patents that are currently being commercially exploited. The two
social companies are chemically treated fabrics to repel mosquitoes and the
another is to produce bags that contain micronutrients. The first is aimed at
the society in general of Bangladesh and seeks to decrease the contagion rate of
diseases transmitted by mosquito bites, such as in the case of the
malaria. The product has a shelf life of 3 to 4 years or about 20 washes. The
The second social enterprise aims to improve the health of children in Bangladesh.
the product is designed to be incorporated into the individual diet of children between
once and 3 times a week. Both products will initially be imported from
factories in Southeast Asia and Thailand. Sales and deliveries will be handled by
local entrepreneurs, including the "Grameen ladies" and their daughters, and the money
necessary to establish these microenterprises will be provided by the Bank of
Village.
Grameen-INTEL

Craig Barrett, then chairman of the board of Intel, started in 2007 the
efforts to establish a social enterprise in Bangladesh using technology
Intel computing. The company provides healthcare services for the
poor people of Bangladesh, focused on maternal and child health. Annually, they die
120,000 children in Bangladesh and 12,000 mothers die due to complications
during pregnancy.

Two villages from Salvar were chosen for the pilot plan that consists of
(through the use of smartphones equipped with special software)
measure the risk of female pregnancy. Mobile health workers visit
pregnant mothers and through a 20-question form, determine if they
it deals with moderate-risk pregnancies or high-risk pregnancies. The information
is reviewed and verified by two doctors who can be contacted at any time, by
through the high technology provided by Intel.

The work of nurses is carried out by assisted workers (workers of

ambulant health). Again, these assisted workers are the "ladies".
Grameen” its daughters and sons or other young people in search of opportunities
micro enterprises assisted by the Grameen Bank, through loans for
students (there are 1500 students enrolled in medicine and engineering).
Other globally recognized companies that are establishing
social enterprises of this type are: Pfizer, GE Healthcare, Johnson and Johnson,
Mayo Clinic and UNIQLO.
Classification of social enterprises

There are two types of social enterprises: Type I and Type II. The social enterprise
Type I consists, basically, of supplying goods and services to achieve a
meta social, this company is owned by people who are not poor, it does not generate
dividends or profits for their owners and the surpluses generated are allocated
to finance the growth of the company and expand the benefits it provides
company to society. The type II social enterprise is owned by poor people or
from a trust created especially to generate benefits for the poor.

Otto-Grameen
It is a type II social enterprise and is being created between Grameen and the company.
German Otto. It is planned to manufacture goods that can be marketed by others.
client companies under their own names. Otto-Grameen Trust aims to create
a factory to produce export clothing that manufactures between 200,000 and 250,000
garments per month, for which I will employ between 200 and 500 people. They will be provided with
decent salaries and labor benefits for these workers and social benefits
such as: access to healthy and nutritious food, medical care, assistance
education and training, access to credit, housing assistance, and prospects
of individual or virtual property. This initially for the workers, but the
The idea is to extend the benefits to other members of the community.

Grameen-Adidas
This social enterprise was born in Germany in 2008, during a conversation
between the author and Herbert Hainer, CEO of Adidas. Adidas was wondering
what could be done about poverty to which Yunnus responded with a proposal of
commitment declaration: "In the world, no one should walk barefoot. We are
a footwear production company and we believe that we have the responsibility
to make shoes that even the poorest people can afford." After a
meeting with the top executives, Hainer asked what the price of that could be.
footwear, to which Yunnus replied one dollar or close to that. After several
minutes of silence the CEO of Adidas made a public announcement in the
which Adidas committed to producing shoes for the poor of Bangladesh, the
which would be sold for less than one euro. At the beginning of 2010, engineers from
Adidas was working hard on a prototype. Something important to consider, which says
Much of what a social enterprise is, is the fact that this footwear must be
attractive to the eyes of its customers, in addition to being recyclable. The spirit of a
A social enterprise is to provide attractive products and not force people to resign themselves.
with something mediocre just for being poor, given that the Adidas shoes
they will not shame those who buy them, but rather give them respect and
dignity. The greater the demand for those shoes, the greater their
production volume and this could lead to a lower selling price, likewise
to benefit more people.
Grameen Employment Services (GES)

Another type of social enterprise is GES, which will serve as a subcontractor.

for large companies that need a reliable source of workers
The employee will be protected and helped to enhance their value in the market.
labor, will provide training in languages and basic skills, as well as
will provide other services such as helping to obtain passports, visas, and exams
doctors. It will also represent the interests of workers in their
negotiations with their employers.
Projects in Colombia, Albania, and Haiti

Another challenge for the social enterprise is to reactivate entire economies that
they face crisis and poverty, effectively, the social enterprise has already undertaken this
challenge with the cases of Caldas in Colombia, Albania, and Haiti. In the province of
In Caldas, 62% of the population lives on less than 2 dollars a day and 25% do so.
lives on less than 1 dollar a day (62 live in poverty and 25% of the population in)
extreme poverty), likewise Colombia ranks 77th on the development list
world economy and the sixth highest degree of inequality in the world and presents
the second largest number of displaced people (caused by militias and
cocaine posters). Under this framework, the governor of Caldas sought help from the
social enterprises and began with the creation of a Social Enterprises Fund
Caldas and with a Trust of Social Enterprises that can establish companies
of which the inhabitants will be owners. On November 7, 2009, a
memorandum of understanding to implement micro projects
financing and social enterprises; for its part, Caldas will invest 16 million
dollars in the fund, to start the program. Part of the program aims to
recruit young Colombians who are working in North America and
Europe, so they can return to their country to work for social enterprises and contribute.
to the development of the future of their country.

On the other hand, in October 2009, the Prime Minister of Albania raised the concern
if it would be possible to incorporate social enterprises in your country to promote reduction
from poverty. Soon the proposal called Holistic Social Business was created
Initiative that seeks to initiate the economic growth of the country.

Lastly, in Haiti, after the earthquake and due to the constant aid sent,
concern grew in Yunnus, because the funds were not being used well. This
concern was raised to Leo Apotheker, CEO of SAP, to which he
was fully prepared to create a fund similar to the ones previously
exposed, with which social enterprises for housing, care will be created
médica, agricultura, reforestación, creación de empleo, microcrédito, marketing,
training and job creation. Likewise, a Trust Fund will be created that
allows companies from all over the world to create their social enterprise in Haiti;
2010 yes himselftold with a office installed in Haiti.
This new challenge of the social enterprise represents the beginning of a development process.
economic of countries around the world, focused on the poor.
CHAPTER 9
The end of poverty

Since World War II, Capitalism has emerged as the economic model to
follow. Many became very rich but on the contrary, others became very
poor

Between 1990 and 2005 and thanks to the effort agreed upon in 2000 at the United Nations
United with the Millennium Goals, poverty decreased from 1.8 billion to 1.4 billion.
people, considered in poverty the population that lives on less than $1.25 per
day.

But in 2008 the crisis affected several areas and added approximately 90
millions of people in total poverty. The financial crisis pushed into a crisis
food, where for example only wheat increased in price by 200%.
Speculation in stock markets around the world harmed prices of the
basic products and with that, millions of people who depend on these for
to subsist.

The global crisis is not only increasing the food security issue and
environmental but it is a circle that affects bank loans, the
social programs cease to be provided, companies close creating unemployment,
less access to education and housing. And on the contrary, traditional capitalism.
seeks ever greater profits, creating an unsustainable bubble that already
collapsed with the real estate crisis in the United States. Capitalism is
failing in terms of social responsibility.

The social enterprise can be an element for the change of this financial system.
and economic that requires a redesign, as it is already demonstrated that everything is
intertwined in this globalized world. It is about taking advantage of the characteristics
from globalization and use that force to bring more benefits to the poor
than any other alternative.

Globalization should not become financial imperialism. There must be rules.

that guarantee that the poor have a share of the pie without being pushed out of the
rich.
For example, creating social enterprises that give ownership to the poor and thus
keep profits within poor countries, instead of taking them out and making more
rich are the rich countries.

The problem is not the lack of resources in the world but that the system does not put them to use.
reach the people who need it most. The economy could be a cake that
is always growing, where the rich can become richer but the poor
less poor at the same time, without that conflict existing.

The change must come from not having the accumulation of wealth as a reference frame without
limit, but rather to achieve well-distributed wealth in the world. The rich
They should form social enterprises to eradicate social problems. From this
in a way the rich would take care of managing this distribution of wealth and not
governments in an inefficient manner as they do today.

The author believes that all these changes are possible using imagination and
good wishes from human beings (altruism), and seeking that desire of
balance in humanity. Proof of this are the unimaginable and unpredictable.
technological changes that emerged in recent decades where many of them
they were like dreams that today are a reality for many. Only in that way,
By producing dreams, the world will be transformed.
Key concepts used in the reading
Comprehension reading techniques

Questions.

Personal comments

This book demonstrates how a small idea can turn into something
huge and accepted worldwide, in this book it was seen as concepts that
I often hear about social responsibility, the same microcredits that
it is heard in advertisements of banks and cooperatives, they were born from a small
idea to solve a big problem, poverty in a nearby town where the
I was teaching university classes.