UNIT-III

CLOUD PLATFORMS IN INDUSTRY

INTRODUCTION
AMAZON WEB SERVICES
 Amazon web service is a platform that offers flexible, reliable, scalable, easy to-use and cost-
effective cloud computing solutions.
 AWS is a comprehensive, easy to use computing platform offered Amazon.
 platform is developed with a combination of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS.
 Accessible through SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) or RESTful (Representational State
Transfer) Web service interfaces.
 AWS offers a wide range of different business purpose global cloud-based products.
 The products include storage, databases, analytics, networking, mobile, development tools, enterprise
applications, with a pay-as you-go pricing model.

- Elastic compute
- Storage Service
- E-mail Service
- Notification Service
- DB
- Virtual Networking
- Messaging etc..
 COMPUTE SERVICE:
Compute services creates the fundamental element of cloud computing systems. Compute Service
is used to process data on the cloud. it serves multiple instances at a time.
a) Amazon machine images (AMIs)
 AMIs are templates from which it is possible to create a virtual machine.
 AMI is the template of the software configuration (OS, software and application).
 The major use of the AMI is that we can create multiple copies of an
single instance with the same configuration using it.
 AMI helps to save lot of time and energy.
 They are stored in Amazon Simple Storage Server(S3)
 There are two parts which are used to configuration templates
- ARI-Amazon Ramdisk Image
- AKI- Amazon Kernel Image
 AMI’s are either created from scratch or “bundled” from existing EC2 instances running.
 Instance is converted into new Image. Once AMI is created it is stored into S3.

b) EC2 Instance: -
 EC2 instances represent virtual machines.
 They are created by using AMI as templates.
 processing power is expressed in terms of
- Virtual cores
- EC2 Compute Units (ECU)

Currently available configurations for EC2 instances. Categories

(a) Standard Instances: This class offers a set of configurations that are suitable for most applications.
EC2 provides three different categories of increasing computing power, storage and memory.
(b) Micro Instances: This class is suitable for those applications that consume a limited amount of
computing power and memory. Micro instances can be used for small web applications with limited
traffic.
(c) High-Memory Instances: This class targets applications that need to process huge workloads and
require large amount of memory. like Three-tier Web applications.
(d) High-CPU Instances: This class targets compute-intensive applications.
Two configurations are available where computing power proportionally increases more than memory
(e) Cluster Compute Instances: This class is used to provide virtual cluster services. Instances are
characterized by high CPU compute power, large memory.
(f) Cluster GPU Instances: This class provides instances featuring graphic processing unite (GPUs) and
high compute power large memory, and extremely high I/O and network performance. This class is
particularly suited for cluster applications that perform heavy graphic computations, such as rendering
clusters.
3. EC2 Environment:
 EC2 instances are executed within a virtual environment.
 It provides services for host applications.
 The EC2 environment is in charge of allocating addresses, attaching storage & configuring
security in terms of access control and network Connectivity.
By default, instances are created with an internal IP address, which makes them capable to
communicate within the EC2 network and access.
Instance owners can partially control on the security of the instances and network. owners can
associate to a key pair to one or more instances when these instances are created. A key pair
allows the owner to remotely connect to the instance once this is running and gain root access
to it.

4. Advanced Compute Services: EC2 instances & AMI’s constitute basic blocks for building an
IaaS Computing Cloud. AWS provide more sophisticated(New) services that allow the easy
packaging of application and deployment, and a computing platform supporting the execution of
MapReduce-based applications.
(a) AWS CloudFormation:
 It creates an extension of simple deployment model. CloudFormation introduces the
concepts of templates.
 Templets are in JSON formatted text files, it describing the resources needed to run an
application.
 CloudFormation allows easily and explicitly linking EC2 instances together and
introducing dependencies among them, To build complex systems and integrate EC2
instances with other AWS services such as S3, SimpleDB, Route S3 Elastic Beanstalk
and others.
(b) AWS Elastic Beanstalk:
 It constitutes a simple & easy way to package applications and deploy them on the AWS
Cloud.
 This service simplifies the process of deploying application code & providing appropriate
access to them, currently this service is available only for Web applications developed with
the Java/Tomcat technology stack;
 Developers can package their web application into a WAR file &
 It uses Beanstalk to automate its deployment on AWS Cloud to simplifies tedious tasks.
 Application deployment on the Cloud which does not require user to specify the
infrastructure in terms of EC2 instances and their dependencies.
(c) Amazon Elastic MapReduce:
 It provides AWS user with a Cloud computing platform for MapReduce applications.
 It utilizes Hadoop as MapReduce engine deployed on to a virtual infrastructure
 Virtual infrastructure composed by EC2 instances and uses Amazon S3 for storage needs.
 Basic Web applications allowing users to quickly run data intensive application without
writing code are offered.

STORAGE SERVICES
Cloud Platforms in Industry
 AWS provides a collection of services for data storage and information management. The
core service in this area is represented by Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3).
 This is a distributed object store that allows users to store information in different.
 The core components of S3 are two: buckets and objects Buckets represent
virtual containers where to store objects, while objects represent the content that is actually
stored objects can also be enriched with metadata that can be used to tag the content stored
with additional information,

S3 Key Concepts
As the name suggest, S3 has been designed to provide a simple storage service accessible
through a REST interface, which is quite similar to a distribute file system but that presents
some important differences that allow the infrastructure to be highly efficient:

The storage is organized in a two level hierarchy - S3 organizes its storage space into buckets
that cannot be further partitioned. This means that it is not possible to create directories or other
kinds of physical groupings for objects stored in a bucket. Despite this, there are less limitations
in naming objects, and this allows users to simulate directories and create logical groupings.

Objects stored cannot be manipulated like standard files - S3 has been designed to essentially
provide storage for objects that will not change over time. Therefore, it does not allow
renaming, modifying, or relocating an object. Once an object has been added to a bucket, its
content and position is immutable, and the only way to change one of them is to remove the
object from the store and add it again.
Content is not immediately available to users - The main design goal of S3 is to provide an
eventually consistent data store. As a result, being a large distributed storage facility, changes
are not immediately reflected. For instance, S3 uses replication to provide redundancy and
efficiently serve objects across the globe; this introduces latencies when adding objects to the
store-especially large ones which are not available instantly across the entire globe.
Request will occasionally fail - Due to the large distribute infrastructure being managed,
requests for object may occasionally fail. Under certain conditions, S3 can decide to drop a
request by returning an internal server error. Therefore, it is expected to have a small failure rate
during day-to-day operations, which generally it does not identify a persistent failure.
Access to S3 is provided with RESTful Web services. These express all the operations that can
be performed against the storage in the form of HTTP requests (GET, PUT, DELETE, HEAD,
and POST), which operate differently according to the element they address. As a rule of thumb,
PUT/POST requests add new content to the store, GET/HEAD requests are used to retrieve
content and information, while DELETE requests are used to remove elements or information
attached to it.
(a) Resource Naming. Buckets, objects, and attached metadata are made accessible through a
REST interface. Therefore, they are represented by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) under
the [Link] domain. All the operations are then performed by expressing the entity
they are directed to in the form of a request for a URI.
Amazon offers three different ways of addressing a bucket:
Canonical Form: [Link]
The bucket name is expressed as a path component of the domain name [Link].
This is the naming convention that has less restriction in terms of allowed characters, since all
the characters that are allowed for a path component can be used.

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