Globalization:

Aspects of globalization, support and

criticism
 Globalization:
Aspects, support & criticism
 Definition of globalization

 The process of international integration.

 Advances in transportation and
telecommunications infrastructure the major
factors of globalization.
 Further interdependence of economic and
cultural activities.
 The term globalization has been increasingly
used since the mid-1980s and especially
since the mid-1990s.
 Globalization: definition or
What is globalization?

 The process of international integration

 Advances in transportation and
telecommunications infrastructure
 Interdependence of economic and cultural
activities
 Term use since 1980s/1990s
 Globalization of the economy
• A d v a n c e s i n co m m u n i c a t i o n a n d t r a n sp o r t a t i o n
technology, combined with free-market ideology, have
given goods, services, and capital unprecedented
mobility.
• We s t e r n c o u n t r i e s w a n t t o o p e n w o r l d m a r k e t s
supported by Southern elites and use international
financial institutions to reduce tariffs, privatize state
enterprises.
• Profits for investors but offered pittances to laborers.
• Capitalist economic theory holds that a completely
liberalized global market is the most efficient way to
foster growth.
• Rich countries and large corporations dominate the
global marketplace and create very unequal relations of
power and as a result, trade is inherently unequal and
poor countries seldom experience rising well-being but
i n c r e a s i n g u n e m p l o y m e n t , p o v e r t y, a n d i n c o m e
inequality.
 Economic globalization
• Unprecedented mobility of goods, services, and capital

• Use of international financial institutions to reduce

tariffs & privatize state enterprises

• Entailed profits for investors but pittances to laborers

• Liberalized global market as the most efficient way to

foster growth (Capitalist economic theory)

• Unequal relations of power & inherently unequal trade

between the rich and the poor
•
Cultural globalization
Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around
the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social
relations and is marked by the common consumption of cultures
that have been diffused by the Internet, popular culture media,
and international travel.
• Formation of shared norms and knowledge and brings
increasing interconnectedness among different populations and
cultures.
• The diffusion of certain cuisines such as American fast food
chains is a visible aspect of cultural globalization. McDonald's
and Starbucks with over 32,000 and 18,000 locations operating
worldwide.
• Music has an important role in economic and cultural
development during globalization. Jazz and reggae began locally
and later became international phenomena.
• Some critics of globalization argue that it harms the diversity of
cultures.
 Cultural globalization

• Transmission of ideas, meanings and values to extend

and intensify social relations by the Internet, popular
culture media etc.
• Formation of shared norms and knowledge and
increasing interconnectedness among different
populations and cultures.
• Ex: Spread of certain cuisines e. g. American fast food
chains
• Ex: Spread of music e. g. Jazz & reggae
 Multilingualism and the
emergence of lingua francas
( LING-gwuh FRANG-kuhs.)
• Most people in the world are multilingual.
• Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by
the needs of globalization and cultural openness.
• A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make
communication possible between people not sharing a mother
tongue.
• Today, the most popular second language is English. Some 3.5
billion people have some acquaintance of the language.
• 35% of the world's mail and 40% of the world's radio programs
are in English .
• Speakers of regional and minority languages are increasingly
unable to compete with those who speak dominant languages.
• The current number is between 6000 and 7000 languages
spoken and between 50–90% of those will have become extinct
by the year 2100.
 Multilingualism and the emergence
of lingua francas

• Multiplicity of multilingual people.

• Multilingualism as an effect of the needs of globalization and cultural
openness.
• Lingua franca: a language systematically used to make communication
possible between people not sharing a mother tongue.
• English as the most popular second language
– 35% world's mail
– 40% of the world's radio programs
• Speakers of regional and minority languages unable to compete with
those who speak dominant languages.
– 6.000 and 7.000 languages spoken
– 50–90% of languages will have become extinct by 2100.
 Internet
• Both a product of globalization as well as a
catalyst, the Internet connects computer users
around the world.
• From 2000 to 2009, the number of Internet
users globally rose from 394 million to 1.858
billion.
• According to research firm IDC (International
Data Corporation), the size of total worldwide e-
commerce , will equate to US $16 trillion in 2013.
• A report by Oxford Economics estimates the
total size of the digital economy at $20.4 trillion,
equivalent to roughly 13.8% of global sales.
 The Internet
• Internet users

• Total worldwide e-commerce US$16 trillion in 2013 (IDC, 2015)

• Total size of digital economy $20.4 trillion = 13.8% of global sales
(Oxford Economics Report, 2014)
Global internet users increased from approximately 4.6 billion in
2020 to over 5.5 billion by early 2025, representing a growth to
68% of the world's population, driven by increased mobile
adoption, falling data costs, and expanded network coverage. In
the Philippines specifically, internet users grew from around
53.8% of the population in 2020 to 83.8% by early 2025, with
mobile devices dominating web traffic.
 International tourism
• Globalization has made tourism a popular
global leisure activity.
• The World Tourism Organization defines
tourists as people "traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes”.
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that up to 500,000 people are in
flight at any one time.
 International tourism
• Tourism as a popular global leisure activity.
• Tourists are people “traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes” There is no single definitive
image for international tourism between 2020 and 2025;
instead, the period reflects a dramatic decline due to COVID-
19 in 2020, followed by a gradual recovery reaching pre-
pandemic levels in 2024, and then continued growth in 2025,
according to sources like the World Economic Forum and UN
Tourism. Images for this period would show the impact of the
pandemic, such as downward trends and safety measures in
2020, contrasting with images of recovery, growing arrivals,
and the focus on sustainability and new tourism
 International sports
• Modern international sports events can be
big business for as well as influencing the
political, economical, and other cultural
aspects of countries around the world.
• The ancient Olympic Games were a series of
competitions held between representatives of
several city-states and kingdoms from
Ancient Greece.
• During the 19th century, the Olympic Games
became a popular global event.
 Support
•Supporters
• of globalization argue that the benefits
of a more interdependentent global economy
outweigh the drawbacks.
• Economies that are developing globally have
more economic growth than established
economies, demonstrating globalization's benefits
for developing regions.
• Globalization can help create capitalistic and
democratic political systems.
• Foreign exchange allows more products and
services to be available, while also lowering costs,
because of specialization.
 In support of globalization

•More important benefits than drawbacks.

• More economic growth in economies developing
globally than in established economies
•Creation of capitalistic and democratic political
systems.
• Availability & lower cost of more products &
services
 Criticism
• Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries
because firms move their factories to places where they can get
cheaper workers.
• Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company
may want to build factories in other countries because
environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. Poor
countries in the Third World may have to cut down more trees so
that they can sell wood to richer countries.
• Globalization can lead to financial problems . In the 1970s and 80s
countries like Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia or Brazil got a lot of
money from investors who hoped they could build up new
businesses there. These new companies often didn’t work, so they
had to close down and investors pulled out their money.
• Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, may
get even poorer. Their population is not as educated as in developed
countries and they don’t have the new technology that we do.
• Human, animal and plant diseases can spread more quickly through
globalization.
 Against globalization
• Unemployment in industrialized countries
• More environmental problems.
• Financial problems (e. g. Mexico, Thailand,
Indonesia or Brazil)
• The poorer become even poorer
• Spread of human, animal and plant
diseases
 Conclusion
Globalization is
• a broad, evolving, multifaceted issue that
affects people and cultures around the
world.
• a serious issue that affects many nations.
 Globalization is …

• a serious, broad, evolving, multifaceted

issue affecting people, cultures 7 nations
around the world.
Thank you for listening to our
presentation!
The end