Inverse Trigonometric Functions

JEE-MAIN + ADVANCED
MATHEMATICS

INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

135
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

::: C on t en t s :::

[Link]. TOPIC NAME PAGE NO.

1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 137

1.2 Definition ............................................................................................................ 137

1.3 Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions ............................................... 138

1.4 Identities of inverse trigonometric functions .......................................... 142

1.5 Conversion of inverse trigonometric functions ........................................ 145

Practice Problem -01 ................................................ 148

2.1 Formulae of inverse trigonometric functions ............................................ 153

Practice Problem -02 ................................................ 162

3.1 Graphs .................................................................................................................. 167

3.2 Summation of series containing inverse trigonometric terms ............... 171

Practice Problem- 03 ................................................ 174

4. Answer Sheet ......................................................... 178

136
136
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1.1 Introduction
Let a function f : A ® B is such that function is one-one & onto then its inverse exists. If function is not
bijective, then its inverse function cannot exist.
Consider a function f : R ® R , y = sin x , this is neither a one-one function nor a onto function.

but we can make this function to behave like bijective function. To achieve this we have to restrict the
é p pù
domain and co-domain of function. Now let the domain of above functions is ê - , ú and co-
ë 2 2û
domain is [ 1 , 1] , then its graph becomes :

This shows that now y = sin x behaves like a one-one and onto function and we can calculate its
é p pù
inverse which is , f : [ 1 , 1] ® ê - , ú y = sin 1 x .
ë 2 2û

1.2 Definition

If f : X ® Y be a function defined by y = f (x) such that f is both one-one and onto (bijective
function), then there exists a unique function g : Y ® X such that for each y Î Y , g (y) = x . The
function g (x) so defined is called the inverse of f and denoted by f -1 . Also f is the inverse of g
and the two functions f (x) and g (x) are said to be inverse of each other.

f ( f -1 ( x ) ) = x , "x Î Y and

f -1 ( f ( x ) ) = x, "x Î Y

If a function is one to one and onto from A to B, then function g which associates each element
y Î B to one and only one element x Î A, such that y = f(x), then g is called the inverse function of f
denoted by x = g(y).

Usually, we denote g = f 1 {Read as f inverse}

\ x = f -1 ( y ) .

137
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
If cos q = x, then q may be any angle whose cosine is x, and we write q = cos 1 x. It means that q is an
angle whose cosine is x.

Thus, sin 1 21 is an angle, whose sine is 21 , i.e. q = sin 1 21 = n p + ( 1)n 6p

where, 6p is the least positive value of q .

The functions sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x, cot 1 x, cosec 1 and sec 1 x are called inverse circular or inverse
trigonometric functions.
Each of the inverse circular function is multivalued. To make each inverse circular function single
valued, we define principal value. If x is positive, the principal values of all the inverse circular functions
lie between 0 and p2 . If x is negative, the principal values of cos 1x, sec 1 x and cot 1x lie

between p2 and p , while that of sin 1x, tan 1x and cosec 1 x lie between p
2 and 0 .

1
sin 1 x is not to be interpreted as . The sin 1 x is merely a symbol denoting a certain angle whose
sin x
sine is x. The 1 used in sin 1 x is not an exponent. Similar argument also works for
cos 1x , tan 1x etc.

· The inverse trigonometric functions are also written arc sin x, arc cos x etc.
· 1st quadrant is common to the range of all the inverse functions.
· 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse function.

· 4th quadrant is used in the clockwise direction i.e. p £ y £ 0 ..

2
1.3 Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

é p pù
1. y = sin 1 x , ½x½ £ 1 , y Î ê - ,
ë 2 2 úû
y
y = sin 1 x
p/2 y=x

1 y = sin x

Domain : [ -1,1]
p/2 1
0 1 p/2 x

y = sin x 1 Range : [ -p / 2, p / 2]
y=x p/2
y = sin 1 x

· sin 1 x is an increasing function

· sin 1 x is an odd function
· sin 1 x is a bounded curve

138
138
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2. y = cos 1 x , ½x½ £ 1 , y Î [0 , p]
1 y
y = cos x
p
y=x Domain : [ -1,1]
p/2 Range : [ 0, p ]
1

p/2 p
1 0 1 x

1 y = cos x
y=x

· cos 1 x is a decreasing function

· cos 1 x is neither even nor odd function
· cos 1 x is bounded curve

æ p pö
3. y = tan 1 x , x Î R , y Î ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø
y
y = tan x
p
y=x

p/2 y = tan 1 x

1
- p/2 0 p/2 p x Domain : R
y = tan x
- p/2
Range : ( -p / 2, p / 2 )
y=x -p
y = tan x

· tan 1 x is an increasing function

· tan 1 x is odd function
· tan 1 x is unbounded curve
4. y = cot 1 x , x Î R , y Î (0 , p)
y
p y=x
1
y = cotx
p/2
y = cotx1 Domain : R
0 x Range : ( 0, p )
p/2

y = cotx
p

· cot 1 x is a decreasing function in R

· cot 1 x is neither even nor odd function.
· cot 1 x is unbounded curve

139
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

é pö æp ù
5. y = sec 1 x , ½x½ ³ 1 , y Î ê0 , ÷ È ç , pú
ë 2ø è2 û

Y
( 1,p)
. (0,p)

Domain : ( -¥, -1] È [1, ¥ )

æ pö
ç 0, ÷
è 2ø

Range : [ 0, p ] - {p / 2}
(0,0)
.
(1,0)
X

· sec 1 x is an increasing function

· sec 1 x is neither even nor odd function.
· sec 1 x is unbounded curve
p p
6. y = cosec 1 x , ½x½ ³ 1 , y Î éê - , 0 ö÷ È æç 0 , ùú
ë 2 ø è 2û
Y
æ pö
ç 0, ÷
è 2ø .æ pö
ç1, - 2 ÷
è ø

(0,0)
X Domain : ( -¥ , -1] È [1, ¥ )

æ
. pö
ç - 1, - ÷
è 2ø
æ pö
ç 0, - 2 ÷
è ø
Range : [ -p / 2, p / 2] - {0}

· cosec 1 x is a decreasing function in

· cosec 1 x is odd function
· cosec 1 x is unbounded curve
Function Domain Range (Principal Values)

é p pù
sin 1x [ 1, 1] ê - 2 , 2ú
ë û

cos 1 x [ 1, 1] [0, p]

æ p pö
tan 1x R ç- , ÷
è 2 2ø

cot 1 x R (0, p)

ìpü
sec 1 x R ( 1, 1). [0, p] í ý
î2þ

é p pù
cosec 1 x R ( 1, 1) ê - 2 , 2ú {0}
ë û

140
140
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

· Graph of function and its inverse function is symmetrical about the line y = x
· No inverse function is periodic. Basically these functions are one to one functions.
Illustration 1 :
Find the principal value of :

(i)
3 æ
cos 1 ç 2 ÷
è ø
ö
(ii) tan 1
(- 3 )
æ 1 ö
(iii) cosec 1 ( 1) (iv) cot 1 çç - ÷÷
è 3ø

Solution :

3 æ ö
(i) Let q be the principal value of cos 1 ç 2 ÷
è ø

3æ ö
q Î [0 , p] and cos 1 ç 2 ÷ = q
è ø

3 p
cos q = q =
2 6

(ii) Let q be the principal value of tan 1 - 3 ( )

\
æ p pö
q Î ç- , ÷
è 2 2ø
and tan 1
(- 3 ) = q
p
tan q = 3 q=
3

(iii) Let q be the principal value of cosec 1 ( 1)

é p pù
q Î ê - , ú and cosec 1 ( 1) = q
ë 2 2û

p
cos ecq = -1 q =-
2

-1 æ 1 ö
(iv) Let q be the principal value of cot ç - ÷
è 3ø

æ 1 ö
q Î ( 0, p ) and cot -1 ç - ÷ =q
è 3ø

1 2p
cot q = - Þq =
3 3

141
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 2 :
Draw the graph of the following
(i) y = sin 1 (x + 1) (ii) y = cos 1 (3 x)
(iii) y = tan 1 (2x 1)
Sol:

(i) (ii) (iii)

1.4 Identities of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. (i) sin 1 x + cos 1x = p2 , for all x Î [ 1, 1]

(ii) tan 1 x + cot 1 x = p2 , for all x Î R

(iii) sec 1 x + cosec 1 x = p2 , for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )

Illustration 3 :
Prove that

tan 1 x + cot 1 x = p2 , for all x Î R

Solution :
Let tan 1 x = q Þ x = tan q ... (i)

æ p pö
then q Î ç- , ÷ [Q x ÎR]
è 2 2ø

p p p p
Þ <q< Þ < q<
2 2 2 2

p æp ö
Þ 0< q<p Þ ç - q ÷ Î (0 , p)
2 è2 ø

æp ö
Þ x = cot ç - q ÷
è2 ø

p é p ù
Þ cot 1 x = q ê Q 2 - q Î (0 , p ) ú
2 ë û

p
Þ q + cot 1
x= ... (ii)
2

p
From (i) and (ii) we get tan 1 x + cot 1 x =
2
142
142
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2. (i) sin 1 ( x) = sin 1 ( x) , for all x Î [ 1, 1]
(ii) cos 1 ( x) = p cos 1 (x) , for all x Î [ 1, 1]
(iii) tan 1 ( x) = tan 1 x , for all x Î R
(iv) cosec 1 ( x) = cosec 1 x , for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )
(v) sec ( x) = p sec x
1 1
, for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )
(vi) cot 1 ( x) = p cot 1 x , for all x Î R
Illustration 4 :
Prove that
cos 1 ( x) = p cos 1 (x) , for all x Î [ 1, 1]
Solution :
Clearly x Î [ 1 , 1] for all x Î [ 1 , 1]
Let cos 1 ( x) = q ... (i)
then , x = cos q
Þ x = cos q
Þ x = cos (p q) [ Q x Î ( 1 , 1) and p q Î [0 , p] for all q Î [0 , p] ]
Þ cos 1 x = p q Þ q=p cos 1 x ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii) we get cos 1 ( x) = p cos 1 (x)
3. (i) sin (sin 1x) = x , for all x Î [ 1, 1]
y
1
x
=
y
45°
1 O 1 x

(ii) cos (cos 1 x) = x , for all x Î [ 1, 1]

y
1
x
=
y
45°
1 O 1 x

y
(iii) tan (tan 1 x) = x , for all x Î R
x
=
y
45°
O x

143
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(iv) cot (cot 1 x) = x , for all x Î R
y

x
=
y

O x

(v) sec (sec 1 x) = x , for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )

y
x
=
y

1 O 1 x

1
x
=
y

(vi) cosec (cosec 1 x) = x , for all x Î [ ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )

y
x
=
y

1 O 1 x

1
x
=
y

Illustration 5 :

ìï 1
æ 3 ö üï
Evaluate : cos í cos ç ÷
ïî ç 2 ÷ ýï .
è øþ

Solution :

ï ì 1 æ 3 ö üï 3 3
cos í cos ç ÷ = , as Î [ 1, 1]
ïî ç 2 ÷ ýï 2 2
è øþ

æp æ öù
Illustration 6 : Evaluate : sin çç - sin 1 ç - 3 ÷ ú
è2 è 2 øû

æ p æ öù é æ 3 öù æ æ 3 öö
- sin 1 ç - 3 ÷ ú
1 1
sin çç 2
= sin ê cos ç- 2 ÷ ú = sin çç p - cos ç 2 ÷ ÷÷
è2 è øû ë è øû è è øø

æ pö æ 5p ö 1
= sin ç p - ÷ = sin ç 6 ÷ =
è 6ø è ø 2

144
144
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 7 : Solve : tan 1 x > cot 1 x
tan 1 x > cot 1 x

p p
Þ tan 1 x > 2 tan 1 x Þ 2 tan 1 x > 2

p
Þ tan 1 x > 4 Þ x Î (1 , ¥)

1.5 Conversion of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

æ 1ö
1. (i) sin 1 ç x ÷ = cosec 1 x, for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )
è ø

æ 1ö
(ii) cos 1 ç x ÷ = sec 1 x, for all x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1, ¥ )
è ø

æ 1ö ìï cot 1 x for x > 0

(iii) tan 1 ç ÷ =í
èxø ïî - p + cot 1
x for x < 0

Illustration 8 :

æ 1ö ìï cot 1 x for x > 0

tan 1 ç ÷ =í
èxø ïî - p + cot 1
x for x < 0

Solution :
Let cot 1 x = q . Then x Î R , x ¹ 0 and q Î (0 , p) ... (i)
Case I : When x > 0
æ pö
In this case , q Î ç 0 , ÷
è 2ø
cot x = q
1

1
Þ x = cot q Þ = tan q
x

æ 1ö é æ pöù
q = tan 1 ç ÷ êQ q Î ç 0 , ÷ ú ... (ii)
èxø ë è 2øû

from (i) and (ii) we get ,

æ 1ö
tan 1 ç ÷ = cot 1 x , for all x > 0
èxø
Case II : When x > 0
æp ö
In this case q Î ç , p ÷ [ Q x = cot q < 0 ]
è2 ø

p p
Now , <q<p Þ <q p<0
2 2

æ p ö
Þ q p Î ç- , 0÷
è 2 ø
\ cot 1 x = q

145
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Þ x = cot q
1 1
Þ = tan q Þ = tan (p q)
x x
1
Þ = tan (p q) [ Q tan (p q) = tan q ]
x

æ 1ö é æ pöù
Þ q p= tan 1 ç x ÷ êQ q - p Î ç 0 , ÷ ú
è ø ë è 2øû

æ 1ö
Þ tan 1 ç x ÷ = p + q ... (iii)
è ø
from (i) and (iii) we get ,
æ 1ö
tan 1 ç x ÷ = p + cot 1 x , if x < 0
è ø

æ 1ö ìï cot 1 x , x>0
Hence , tan 1 ç x ÷ = í 1
è ø îï - p + cot x , x < 0

æ ö
2 ç x ÷
2. (i) sin x = cos
1 1
1- x = tan 1
ç ÷
ç 1 - x2 ÷
è ø

æ ö
1 - x2 ç 1
÷
= cot 1 = sec 1 ç ÷ = cosec 1 æç 1 ö÷ , x Î (0 , 1)
x ç 2 ÷ èxø
è 1- x ø

æ 1 - x2 ö
ç ÷
(ii) cos 1 x = sin 1 1 - x 2 = tan 1 ç ÷
ç x ÷
è ø

æ ö æ ö
1
= cot 1 ç
ç
x ÷
÷
= sec 1 æç 1 ö÷ = cosec 1 çç ÷
÷, x Î (0 , 1)
ç 1 - x2 ÷ èxø ç 1 - x2 ÷
è ø è ø

æ ö æ ö
(iii) tan 1 x = sin 1 çç x ÷ = cos 1 çç 1÷
÷ ÷
ç 1 + x2 ÷ ç 1 + x2 ÷
è ø è ø

æ 2 ö
æ 2ö ç 1+ x ÷
æ 1ö ç 1 + x ÷ = cosec
= cot 1
ç ÷ = sec 1 1 ç
ç x ÷
÷ , x>0
èxø è ø è ø
Illustration 9 :
é 1 æ 1ö ù
tan ê cos ç ÷ú 3
ë è3øû 2 2

tan tan ( 1
(2 2 ) ) 1

=2 2

146
146
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 10 :
æ 33p ö
The value of sin -1 ç cos ÷
è 5 ø
3p 7p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D) -
5 5 10 10
æ 33p ö 3p æ p 3p ö æ 16p ö
Sol: cos ç ÷ = cos = sin ç + ÷ = sin ç ÷
è 5 ø 5 è2 5 ø è 10 ø

æ pö p
= sin ç p + ÷ = sin
è 10 ø 10

æ -p ö
= sin ç ÷
è 10 ø
Illustration 11 :
If x satisfies the equation t 2 - t - 2 > 0 , then there exists a value for
(A) sin -1 x (B) cos -1 x (C) sec-1 x (D) sin 1 2x
Sol: t 2 - t - 2 > 0 Þ (t + 1)(t - 2) > 0 Þ t < -1 or t > 2
Hence t less than 1 and t greater than 2 which is satisfied by sec-1 x only..
Illustration 12 :
sin {cot -1 (tan cos -1 x)} is equal to

(A) x (B) (1 - x 2 ) (C) 1/x (D) (1 + x 2 )

æ 1 - x2 ö
Sol: cos -1 x = tan -1 ç ÷
ç x ÷
è ø

ìï æ 1 - x2 ö üï
sin {cot (tan cos x)}
-1 -1
-1 -1 = sin í cot tan tan ç ÷ý
ç x ÷
ïî è ø ïþ

ìï æ 1 - x2 öüï
= sin ícot -1 ç ÷ý =x
ç x ÷ = sin sin -1 x
îï è øþï
Illustration 13 :
If cos x = tan x , then
-1 -1

5 -1 5 +1
(A) x2 = (B) x2 =
2 2

5 -1 5 -1
(C) sin(cos -1 x) = (D) tan(cos -1 x ) =
2 2
Sol: x = cos q = tan q Þ cos 2 q = sin q Þ sin 2 q + sin q - 1 = 0

5 -1
Þ sin q =
2

147
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Single answer choice type

ép -1
æ 3 öù
Q.1 Value of sin ê + cos çç - ÷÷ ú is
ëê 6 è 2 ø úû

3
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D)
2

Q.2 The domain of ln ( sin -1 x ) is

(A) (0, 1] (B) (0, 2] (C) (0, ¥ ) (D) ( ¥ , 0]

Q.3 The range of tan 15x is

æ p pö æ 5p 5p ö é p pù
(A) ç - , ÷ (B) ç - , ÷ (C) R (D) ê- , ú
è 2 2ø è 2 2 ø ë 10 10 û

3p 9
Q.4 If Sin-1 x + Sin-1y + Sin-1 z = then value of x100 + y100 + z100 - is
2 x101 +y101 + z101

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) 3

Q.5 Range of sin -1 x + cos -1 x + tan -1 x is

é p 3p ù æ p pö
(A) ê , ú (B) ( 0, p ) (C) ç - , ÷ (D) None of these
ë4 4 û è 2 2ø

-1 æ x2 x3 ö -1 æ 2 x 4 x6 ö p
Q.6 If sin ç x - + - ... ÷ + cos ç x - + - ... ÷ = , for 0 < x < 2 then x =
è 2 4 ø è 2 4 ø 2
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) - 1/2 (D) -1
Q.7 Range of sin 1x cos 1x is

é -3p p ù é -5p p ù é -3p ù

(A) ê , (B) ê , (C) ê ,pú (D) [0, p ]
ë 2 2 úû ë 3 3 úû ë 2 û

æ 2p ö
Q.8 ç- ÷ is the principal value of
è 5 ø

æ 7p ö -1 æ 7p ö -1 æ 7p ö -1 æ 2p ö
(B) sin ç sin (C) tan ç sec (D) tan ç tan
-1
(A) cos ç cos ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
è 5 ø è 5 ø è 5 ø è 5 ø

1 1 9 9
Q.9 Value of Cos cos
10
sin
10
=
2

3p 7p 7p 17p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 10 20 20
148
148
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 -1
æ
-1 x 3 - 3x2 ö
Q.10 If £ x £ 1 then Cos x + Cos çç 2 + 2
÷=
÷
2 è ø

p p p -1 p
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2 cos x -
4 3 2 3
Q.11 Which one of the following is correct ?

(A) tan1 > tan -1 1 (B) tan1 < tan -1 1 (C) tan1 = tan -1 1 (D) None of these

æp 1 ö æp 1 ö
Q.12 If x ¹ 0 , then tan ç + cos -1 x ÷ + tan ç - cos -1 x ÷ =
è4 2 ø è4 2 ø

2 1+ x
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x 1- x

11p
Q.13 The equation 2 cos -1 x + sin -1 x = has
6
(A) no solution (B) only one solution (C) two solutions (D) three solutions

Q.14 If q and f are the roots of the equation 8 x 2 + 22 x + 5 = 0 , then

(A) both sin -1 q and sin f are real

-1

(B) both sec -1 q and sec f are real

-1

(C) both tan q and tan f are real but unequal

-1 -1

(D) both cos -1 q and cos -1 f are real but unequal

Q.15 If a, b Î R, then the number of order pair of ( a, b ) for which

æ a 2 a3 ö p
sin (1 + b + b + ....¥ ) + cos ç a - + + ...¥ ÷ = is / are
-1 2 -1

è 3 9 ø 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite

Q.16 If sin -1 sin x = sin -1 sin x then x =

(A) np - 1 (B) np (C) np + 1 (D) All of these

Q.17 The value of a , for which ax 2 + sin -1 (x 2 - 2x + 2) + cos -1 (x 2 - 2x + 2) = 0 has a real solution, is

p -p 2 -2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 p p

Q.18 The set of values of l for which x 2 - l x + sin -1 (sin 4) > 0 for all x Î R , is

(A) f (B) ( 2, 2) (C) R (D) ( 3, 3)

149
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

-1 -1 np
Q.19 The number of solutions for the equation cos (1 - x) + m cos x = , where m > 0, n £ 0 , is
2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite

æ pö æ 1 + sin x + 1 - sin x ö
If x Î ç 0, ÷ , then cot çç
-1
Q.20 ÷÷ =
è 4ø è 1 + sin x - 1- sin x ø

x x p x
(A) x (B) (C) (D) -
2 3 2 2

Q.21 { ( )}
If x Î ( 0,1) then value of tan sin -1 cos éësin -1 x ùû × tan cos -1 sin éëcos -1 x ùû { ( )} is
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) Can t say
2

Q.22 Complete solution set of inequation cos ( 1

x ) (sin x )
2 1 2
> 0 , is :

é 1 ö é 1 ö æ 1 ö
(A) ê0 , ÷÷ (B) ê- 1 , ÷÷ (C) ç - ,1÷ (D) ( -1,1)
ë 2ø ë 2ø è 2 ø

n p
Q.23 If cot 1
> and n Î N , then the maximum value of n is :
p 6

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 4

One or more than one type

p
Q.24 If the equation sin
-1
(x 2
+ x + 1) + cos -1 ( l x + 1) =
2
has exactly two solutions, then l can not
have the integral value
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

1ö 1æ 1ö
Q.25 If principal values of sin 1 æç ÷ + tan ( 3) and cos ç - ÷ are l and m respectively, then
1

è 2ø è 2ø

p p p 5p
(A) l + m = (B) m - l = (C) l + m = - (D) l + m =
2 2 6 6

æ 5p ö 1æ 2p ö
Q.26 Let tan 1 ç tan ÷ = a , tan ç tan ÷ = b , then
è 4 ø è 3 ø

(A) a > b (B) 4a 3b = 0 (C) a + b = 7p /12 (D) a = b

Q.27 Indicate the relation which is true

(A) tan tan -1 x = x (B) cot cot - 1 x = x (C) tan -1 tan x = x (D) sin sin -1 x = x

150
150
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

-1 æ 2 17 ö
Q.28 If 6sin ç x - 6 x + ÷ = p , then
è 2ø
(A) x = 1 (B) x = 2 (C) x = 3 (D) x = 4
Linked comprehension type
Passage - 1
For x < 0 For x ³ 0

p p
- £ sin -1 x < 0 0 £ sin -1 x £
2 2

p p
< cos - 1 x £ p 0 £ cos-1 x £
2 2

p p
- < tan - 1 x < 0 0 £ tan -1 x <
2 2

p p
< cot -1 x < p 0 < cot -1 x £
2 2

p p
< sec-1 x £ p 0 < sec-1 x <
2 2

p p
- £ cosec-1 x < 0 0 £ cosec-1 x £
2 2

-1 æ 4p ö -1 æ 4p ö
Q.29 The principal value of sin çççsin ÷÷÷ + cos çççcos ÷÷÷ is
è 3ø è 3ø

8p 4p 2p p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

Q.30 The principal value of sin-1 (sin 5) - cos-1 (cos 5) is

(A) 0 (B) 2p -10 (C) 10- 4p (D) 3p -10

æ æ 3p öö÷
-1 ç
æ æ 3p öö÷
÷ -1 ç ÷
Q.31 The principal value of tan ççtan ççèç- ø÷÷÷÷ + cot ççcot èççç- ø÷÷÷÷ is
è 4 ø è 4 ø

p -3p
(A) (B) p (C) (D) 0
2 2
Passage - 2:
While defining inverse trigonometric functions, a new system is followed where domains and ranges
have been redefined as follows.

151
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Function Domain Range

é p 3p ù
sin 1x [ 1, 1] êë 2 , 2 úû

æ p 3p ö
tan -1 x R ç , ÷
è2 2 ø

cos -1 x [ -1,1] [p , 2p ]

cot -1 x R [p , 2p ]

Q.32 sin -1 ( - x) =

(A) - sin -1 x (B) p + sin -1 x

(C) 2p - sin -1 x (D) 3p - cos-1 1 - x 2 , x > 0

Q.33 If f ( x ) = 3sin -1 x - 2 cos-1 x , then f(x) is

(A) even function (B) odd function
(C) neither even nor odd (D) constant function
Q.34 The value of sin -1 x + cos -1 x is equal to

p 3p 5p 7p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Integer type

Q.35 If cos-1 x1 + cos -1 x2 + cos -1 x3 = 0 then value of åx +åx x

1 1 2 + x1 x2 x3 is

Q.36 Value of sin -1 ( sin 3) + cos -1 ( cos 3) + tan -1 ( tan 3 ) is

If x = sin ( a + 1) + cos ( a + 1) - tan ( a + 1) , a Î R , then the value of sec 2 x is

-1 6 -1 4 -1 2
Q.37

Q.38 If the domain of the function f ( x ) = 3cos -1 ( 4 x ) - p is [ a, b ] , then the value of ( 4a + 64b ) is

cos 1 æ log x2 ö÷
ç
Q.39 If f ( x ) = e è 4 ø
, then number of integers belongs to its domain are:

æ n 2 - 10 n + 26 ö p
Q.40 If cot 1 çç ÷
÷ > , n Î N , then the minimum value of n is
è 2 3 ø 6

152
152
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2.1 Formulae of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1. (i) sin 1 x + sin 1y = sin 1 æç x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ö÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x2 + y2 £ 1

è ø

= p sin 1 æç x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 ö÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x2 + y2 > 1

è ø

(ii) sin 1
x sin 1 y = sin 1 æç x 1 - y 2 - y 1 - x 2 ö÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0
è ø

2. (i) cos 1 x + cos 1 y = cos 1 æç x y - 1 - x 2 ö

1 - y2 ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0
è ø

(ii) cos 1 x cos 1 y = cos 1 æç x y + 1 - x 2 1 - y 2 ö÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x £ y

è ø

= cos 1 æç x y + 1 - x 2 ö
1 - y 2 ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x > y
è ø

ì 1æ x + y ö
ï tan ç 1 - x y ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y < 1
ïï è ø
p
3. (i) tan 1x + tan 1 y = í 2
, x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y = 1
ï x+y ö
ïp + tan 1 æç ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y > 1
ïî è - xyø
1

æ x-y ö
(ii) tan 1x tan 1y = tan 1 çç ÷÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0.
è1 + x y ø

For x < 0 and y < 0 these identities can be used with the help of properties (III) i.e., change x and
y to x and y which are positive.
Illustration 14 :

ì 1æ x + y ö
ï tan ç 1 - x y ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y < 1
è ø
ïï p
tan 1x + tan 1 y = í 2
, x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y = 1
ï x+y ö
ïp + tan 1 æç ÷ , x ³ 0 , y ³ 0 and x y > 1
îï è1 - x y ø

Solution :
Let tan 1 x = A and tan 1 y = B . Then

æ p pö
x = tan A and y = tan B and A , B Î ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø

tan A + tan B x+y

tan (A + B) = =
1 - tan A tan B 1- xy

153
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Case I : When x > 0 , y > 0 and x y < 1

x+y
In this case , x > 0 , y > 0 and x y < 1 Þ >0
1- xy

Þ tan (A + B) > 0 Þ A + B lies in I quadrant or in III quadrant

p
Þ 0 <A+ B = <
2

ìQ x > 0 Þ 0 < A < p ü

ï 2 ï ü
í p ý Þ 0 <A+ B <p ý
ïî y > 0 Þ 0 < B < 2 ïþ þ

x+y
\ tan (A + B) =
1- xy

æ x+y ö æ x+y ö
Þ A + B = tan 1 çç ÷÷ Þ tan 1 x + tan 1 y = tan 1 çç ÷÷
è1 - x y ø è1 - x y ø
Case II : When x < 0 , y < 0 and x y < 1
x+y
In this case , x < 0 , y < 0 and x y < 1 Þ <0
1- xy
Þ tan (A + B) < 0 Þ A + B lies in II quadrant or in IV quadrant
Þ A + B lies in IV quadrant
ìQ x < 0 Þ
ï - p < A < 0 üï ü
2 Þ p <A+ B< 0 ý
í ý
ïî y < 0 Þ -p <B< 0ï þ
2 þ
Þ p <A+ B < 0
x+y
tan (A + B) =
1- xy

æ x+y ö æ x+y ö
Þ A + B = tan 1 çç ÷÷ Þ tan 1 x + tan 1 y = tan 1 çç ÷÷
è1- x y ø è1 - x y ø
Illustration 15 :
æ 1ö æ 1ö p
tan 1 (1) + tan 1 ç ÷ + tan 1 ç ÷ =
è2ø è3ø 2

æ1 + 1ö
ç 2÷ æ 1ö
tan 1
ç 1 ÷÷ + tan 1 ç ÷
ç1 - è3ø
è 2ø

æ3 2ö æ 1ö
tan 1 çç ÷÷ + tan 1 ç ÷
è12ø è3ø

æ 1ö
tan 1 (3) + tan 1 ç ÷
è3ø

æ3 + 1 ö
ç 3÷
tan 1
ç 1- 1 ÷
ç ÷
è ø

p
tan 1 (¥) =
2

154
154
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 16 :
ì 1 æ ö
ï - p - sin ç 2 x 1 - x 2 ÷ if - 1 £ x < - 1
è ø 2
ï
ï 1 æ 2ö 1
Prove 2 sin 1 x = í sin ç 2 x 1 - x ÷ if - £x£ 1
ï è ø 2 2
ï p - sin 1 æ 2 x 2ö
1 - x ÷ if 1 < x £1
ïî ç
è ø 2

Solution: (
y = sin -1 2 x 1 - x 2 )
Let x = sin q
y = sin -1 2sin q cos q = sin -1 sin 2q
é p pù
q Î ê - , ú Þ 2q Î [ -p ,p ]
ë 2 2û
é pù
(i) Let 2q Î ê -p , - ú
ë 2û
p
y = sin -1 sin 2q -p £ 2q £ -
2
p p
y = -p - 2q - £q £ -
2 4
p p
y = -p - 2sin -1 x - £ sin -1 x £ -
2 4
æp ö æ pö
sin ç ÷ £ x £ sin ç - ÷
è2ø è 4ø
1
-1 £ x £ -
2
é p pù
(ii) Let 2q Î ê - , ú
ë 2 2û
p p
y = sin -1 sin 2q - £ 2q £
2 2
p p
y = 2q - £q £
4 4
æ pö æp ö
y = 2sin -1 x sin ç - ÷ £ x £ sin ç ÷
è 4ø è4ø
1 1
- £ x£
2 2
ép p ù
(iii) Let 2q Î ê , ú
ë2 2û
p
y = sin -1 sin 2q £ 2q £ p
2
p p
y = p - 2q £q £
4 2
p p 1
y = p - 2 sin -1 x sin £ x £ sin £ x £1
4 2 2
155
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

ì 1
ï -1 £ x £ -
ï-p - 2 sin -1 x 2
ï 1 1
sin -1 2 x 1 - x2 = í 2sin -1 x - £x£
ï p - 2 sin -1 x 2 2
ï 1
ï £ x £1
î 2
Illustration 17 :

(
ì - p - sin 1 3 x - 4 x 3
ï
) if -1 £ x < - 1
2
Prove
ï 1
3 sin 1 x = í sin 3 x - 4 x( 3
) if
2 2 (
- 1 £ x £ 1 y = sin -1 3 x - 4 x3 )
ï 1
(
ïî p - sin 3 x - 4 x
3
) if 1 < x £1
2
Solution: Let x = sin q
y = sin -1 ( 3sin q - 4 sin 3 q )

y = sin -1 ( sin 3q )

é -3p p ù
(i) 3q Î ê ,- ú
ë 2 2û
3p p
y = sin -1 sin 3q - £ 3q £ -
2 2
p p
y = -p - 3q - £q £ -
2 6
p p
y = -p - 3sin -1 x - £ sin -1 x £ -
2 6
æ pö æ pö
sin ç - ÷ £ x £ sin ç - ÷
è 2ø è 6ø
1
-1 £ x £ -
2
é p pù
(ii) Let 3q Î ê - , ú
ë 2 2û
p p
y = sin -1 sin 3q - £ 3q £
2 2
p p
y = 3q - £q £
6 6
p p
- £ sin -1 x £
6 6
æ pö æp ö
sin ç - ÷ £ x £ sin ç ÷
è 6ø è6ø
1 1
y = 3sin -1 x - £x£
2 2
156
156
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

é p 3p ù
(iii) Let 3q Î ê , ú
ë2 2 û
p 3p
y = sin -1 sin 2q £ 3q £
2 2
p p
£q £
6 2
p p
y = p - 2 sin -1 x sin £ x £ sin
6 2
1
£ x £1
2

é 1
ê -1 £ x £ -
2
ê -p - 3sin x
-1

1 1
y = sin -1 ( 3 x - 4 x3 ) = ê 3sin -1 x - £x£
ê 2 2
ê p - 2sin x
-1

ê 1
£ x £1
êë 2
Illustration 18 :
( )
ìï 2 p - cos 1 2 x 2 - 1 if - 1 £ x < 0
Prove 2 cos 1 x = í
( )
ïî cos 1 2 x 2 - 1 if 0 £ x £ 1

Solution: y = cos -1 ( 2 x 2 - 1)

Let x = cosq q Î [ 0, p ]

y = cos -1 ( 2 cos 2 q - 1) 2q Î [ 0, 2p ]

y = cos -1 cos 2q
(i) Let 2q Î [ 0, p ]
y = 2 cos -1 cos 2q = 2q 0 £ 2q £ p
p
0 £ 2q £
2
p
y = 2 cos -1 x 0 £ cos -1 x £
2
p
cos 0 ³ x ³ cos
2
0 £ x £1
(ii) Let 2q Î [p , 2p ]
y = cos -1 cos 2q p £ 2q £ 2p
p
y = 2p - 2q = 2p - 2 cos -1 x £q £p
2

157
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
p
£ cos -1 £ p
2
p
y = 2p - 2cos -1 x cos ³ x ³ cos p
2
-1 £ x £ 0
é 2 cos-1 x 0 £ x £1
y = cos-1 ( 2 x 2 - 1) = ê
ë 2p - 2 cos x -1 £ x £ 0
-1

Illustration 19 :

(
ì 2 p + cos 1 4 x 3 - 3 x
ï
) if -1 £ x < - 1
2
Prove 3 cos 1 ï
(
x = í 2 p - cos 1 4 x 3 - 3 x ) if 1
- £x£
2
1
2
ï 1
( 3
ïî cos 4 x - 3 x ) if 1 < x £1
2
Solution:
-p
y = cos -1 ( 4 x 3 - 3 x ) y=x
y=2p-x
y=x-2p
Let x = c o s q
y = cos -1 ( 4 cos 2 q - 3cos q ) 0 p 2p 8p

y = cos-1 ( cos 3q )
q = [ 0, p ] Þ 3q [ 0, 3p ]
(i) Let 3q = [0, p ]
y = cos -1 cos 3q 0 £ 3q £ p
p
y = 3q 0 £ cos -1 x £
3
p
y = 3cos-1 x cos 0 ³ x ³ cos
3
1
£ x £1
2
(ii) Let 3q Î [p , 2p ]
y = cos -1 cos 3q p £ 3q £ 2p
p 2p
y = 2p - 3q £q £
3 3
p 2p
£ cos-1 xq £
3 3
p æ 2p ö
y = 2p - 3cos -1 x cos ³ x ³ cos ç ÷
3 è 3 ø
1 1
- £x£
2 2

158
158
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
(iii) Let 3q Î [ 2p , 3p ]
y = cos -1 cos 3q 2p £ 3q £ 3p
2p
y = 3q - 2p £q £ p
3
2p
£ cos-1 x £ p
3
2p
cos ³ x ³ cos p
3
1
y = 3cos -1 x - 2p -1 £ x £
2

1
£ x £1
é 3cos -1 x 2
ê 1
y = cos -1 cos 3q = ê 2p - 3cos-1 x - £ x £ 1
2
ê 3cos-1 - 2p
ë 1
1£ x £ -
2
Illustration 20 :
Prove :

ì 1 æ 2 x ö÷
ï - p + tan çç 2÷
, if x < 1
ï è1 - x ø
ïï
1 æ 2 x ö÷
2 tan 1 x = í tan çç 2÷
, if - 1 < x < 1
ï è1 - x ø
ï æ 2x ö
ï p + tan 1 çç 2÷
÷ , if x > 1
îï è1 - x ø

Solution:
2x
y = tan -1
1 - x2
Let x = tan q
2 tan q
y = tan -1 = tan -1 tan 2q
1 - tan q
2

æ p pö
q Îç- , ÷
è 2 2ø
2q Î ( -p ,p )

y=x+p x x-p
0
-p -p/2 p/2 p

159
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

æ pö
(i) Let 2q Î ç -p , - ÷
è 2ø
p
y = 2q + p -p < 2q < -
2
p p
y = 2 tan -1 x + p - <q < -
2 4
p p
- < tan -1 x < -
2 4
y = 2 tan - 1 x + p -¥ < x < -1
æ p pö p p
(ii) Let 2q Î ç - , ÷ - < 2q <
è 2 2ø 2 2

p p
y = 2q = 2 tan -1 x - <q <
4 4
p p
- < tan -1 x < -
4 4
-1 < x < 1
æp ö
(iii) Let 2q ç , p ÷
è2 ø
p
y = 2q - p < 2q < p
2
p p
<q <
4 2
p p
y = 2 tan -1 x - p < tan -1 x <
4 2
1< x < ¥
é 2 + tan -1 x + p x < -1
2x ê
tan -1 2
= ê 2 tan -1 x -1 < x < 1
1- x
ê 2 tan x - p
-1
x >1
ë
Illustration 21 :

Solve 2cos 1 x = sin 1 æç 2 x 1 - x 2 ö÷

è ø

Solution :
x = cos y ; where 0 £ y £ p , ½x½ £ 1

2 cos 1 x = sin 1 æç 2 x 1 - x 2 ö÷
è ø

Þ 2 cos 1 (cos y) = sin 1 (2 cos y. 1 - cos 2 y )

160
160
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Þ 2 cos 1 (cos y) = sin 1 (2 cos y. sin y)
Þ 2 cos 1 (cos y) = sin 1 (sin 2y)

p p
Þ sin 1 (sin 2y) = 2 y for £y£
4 4

and 2cos 1 (cos y) = 2y for 0 £ y £ p

Thus equation (i) holds only when,

é pù é 2 ù
y Î ê0 , Þ xÎ ê , 1ú
ë 4 úû êë 2 úû

Illustration 22 :
x +1 x -1
Solve the equation , tan 1 + tan 1
= tan 1 ( 7)
x -1 x

Solution :
Taking the tangents of both sides of the equation, we have

x + 1ù x -1
tan éê tan 1 + tan éê tan 1 x ùú
ë x - 1 úû ë û
x + 1 x - 1
= tan {tan 1 ( 7)} = 7
é
1 - tan ê tan 1 ù é
tan ê tan 1 ù
ë x - 1 úû ë x úû

x +1 x -1
+ x
x -1
i.e., x +1 x -1
= 7
1-
x -1 x

2 x2 - x + 1
i.e., 1- x
= 7

so that x = 2.
This value makes the left hand side of the given equation positive, so that there is no value of x strictly
satisfying the given equation.
The value x = 2 is a solution of the equation

x +1 x -1
tan 1
x -1 + tan 1 = p + tan 1 ( 7)
x

161
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

PRACTICE PROBLEMS 2
Single answer choice type

æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 13 ö
Q.1 The value of cos 1 ç ÷ + cos 1 ç - ÷ + cos 1 ç 14 ÷ is
2
è ø è 7ø è ø

p 2p
(A) 0 (B) (C) p (D)
2 3

-1 2 6 +1
Q.2 The value of cos - cos -1 is
3 2 3

p p p p 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) - 2 cos-1
6 3 2 6 3

é -1 æ 8 ö ù
Q.3 Value of sin ê2 tan ç ÷ ú =
ë è 15 ø û
230 240 120 120
(A) (B) (C) (D)
289 289 249 289
æ1ö
Q.4 ( )
If 3 tan -1 2 - 3 - tan -1 ( x ) = tan -1 ç ÷ , then value of x is
è3ø
(A) 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1/3

-1 æ x - 1 ö -1 æ x + 1 ö p
Q.5 If tan ç ÷ + tan ç ÷ = , then value of x is
è x-2ø è x+2ø 4

1 1 1 1
(A) ± (B) ± (C) ± (D) ±
2 2 3 3

Q.6 ( )
The value of x satisfying sin 1 2 x = cos 1 x is
(A) 5 - 2 (B) 2 - 5 (C) 2 - 3 (D) 3 - 1

Q.7 If sin -1 ( x ) - cos-1 ( x ) = sin -1 ( x - 1) , then number of values of x is / are

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
1 1 1
Q.8 Value of 3 tan 1 + tan 1 + tan 1
is
4 20 1985

p p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
é æ ö ù
1 ê sin 1 ç x + 1 - x2 ÷ - sin 1 x ú
Q.9 If 0 £ x £ , then value of tan ê çç 2 ÷÷ ú is :
2 2
ë è ø û
1
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) (D) 3
3
162
162
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 1 2x
Q.10 If 2 tan x + sin is independent of x then :
1 + x2

(A) x Î [1 , ¥) (B) x Î [ 1 , 1]
(C) x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1 , ¥) (D) None of these

1 -1 é 3sin 2q ù æ p ö æ pö
Q.11 If sin ê ú = tan -1 x, q Î ç - , - tan -1 3 ÷ È ç tan -1 3, ÷ , then x equals to
2 ë 5 + 4 cos 2q û è 2 ø è 2ø

1
(A) tan 3 q (B) 3 tan q (C) tan q (D) 3 cot q
3

1 1 2
Q.12 The number value of x satisfying tan 1 + tan 1 = tan 1 is
1+ 2x 1+ 4x x2

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

Q.13 The inequality ( cot -1 x ) - 5 cot -1 x + 6 > 0 is satisfied for xÎ

2

(A) ( -¥,cot 3) È ( cot 2, ¥ ) (B) ( -¥,cot 2 ) È ( cot 3, ¥ )

(C) ( tan 2, tan 3) (D) ( -¥, tan 2 ) È ( tan 3, ¥ )

Q.14 If tan2 (arc sin x) > 1, then x Î

æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
(A) ç -1, - ÷Èç- , 0÷ (B) ç - , ÷
è 2ø è 2 ø è 2 2ø

æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(C) ç -1, - ÷ Èç ,1÷ (D) R
è 2ø è 2 ø
Q.15 The number of real solutions of ; cos-1 x + cos-1 2 x = p is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many

x -1 y p x2 xy y2
Q.16 If cos
-1
+ cos = , then value of - + is
2 3 6 4 2 3 9
3 1 1 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 2
æ p pö æ tan x ö æ 3sin 2 x ö
Q.17 If x Î ç - , ÷ , then tan -1 ç ÷ + tan -1 ç ÷=
è 2 2 ø è 4 ø è 5 + 3cos 2 x ø
x
(A) (B) 2x (C) 3x (D) x
2
Q.18 Number of values of x, satisfying tan -1 x - cot -1 x = cos-1 ( 2 - x ) is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) infinite
Q.19 Number x of values of satisfying cot 1 x cot 1 (x + 2) = 15º is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
163
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Q.20
æ 2 2
(ö
The solution set of the equation, 3 cos 1 x = sin 1 ç 1 - x 4 x - 1 ÷ is
è
)ø
æ 3ù é 3 ù
ç 0,
(A) ç 2 ú (B) ê 2 ,1ú (C) ( 0,1] (D) None of these
è û ë û
One or more than one type

-1 -1 p
Q.21 If sin x + sin y = and sin 2 x = cos 2 y then
2

p 1 p2 1 p2 p p 1 p2 1 p2 p
(A) x = + - (B) y = - - (C) x = + - (D) y = - -
8 2 64 2 64 12 12 2 64 2 64 8

Q.22 Equation 1 + x + 2 x sin ( cos y ) = 0 is satisfied by

2 -1

(A) exactly one value of x (B) exactly two values of x

(C) exactly one value of y (D) exactly two values of y

-1 -1 2x
Q.23 If 2 tan x - sin is independent of x, then
1+ x2
(A) x > 1 (B) x < -1 (C) 0 < x < 1 (D) -1 < x < 0

-1 æ 2 x ö -1 x - 1
2
2p
Q.24 If tan ç 2 ÷ + cos 2
= then value of x may be
è x -1 ø x +1 3

(A) 2 - 3 (B) 3 - 2 (C) 3 (D) 3 + 2

Q.25 If tan -1 y = 4 tan -1 x, then y is infinite, if

(A) x 2 = 3 + 2 2 (B) x 2 = 3 - 2 2 (C) x 4 = 6 x 2 - 1 (D) x 4 = 6 x 2 + 1

Linked comprehension type
Passage - 1
æ p pö
tan 1 (tan q) = q " q Î ç - , ÷
è 2 2ø
æ
3x - x ÷ 3 ö
Let f (x) = tan 1 çç 2 ÷
è 1- 3x ø

æ 1 ö
Q.26 If x Î çç - ¥ , - ÷
÷ , then f (x) will be :
è 3ø

(A) p + 3 tan 1 x (B) 3 tan 1 x (C) p + 3 tan 1 x (D) None of these

æ 1 1 ö
Q.27 If x Î çç - , ÷
÷ , then f (x) will be :
è 3 3ø

(A) p + 3 tan 1 x (B) 3 tan 1 x (C) p + 3 tan 1 x (D) None of these

164
164
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
æ 1 ö
Q.28 If x Î çç , ¥ ÷÷ , then f (x) will be :
è 3 ø
(A) p + 3 tan 1 x (B) 3 tan 1 x (C) p + 3 tan 1 x (D) None of these
Passage - 2
Function Domain Range
é p pù
(i) sin 1 x [ 1 , 1] ê-2 , 2 ú
ë û
(ii) cos 1 x [ 1 , 1] [0 , p]
æ p pö
(iii) tan 1 x R ç- , ÷
è 2 2ø

é p pù
(iv) cosec 1 x ( ¥ , 1] È [1 , ¥ ) ê - , ú {0}
ë 2 2û

ìpü
(v) sec 1 x ( ¥ , 1] È [1 , ¥ ) [0 , p] í ý
î2þ
(vi) cot 1 x R (0 , p)
p
Q.29 The solution of tan 1 2x + tan 1 3x = is
4
1 æ1 ö
(A) (B) 1 (C) ç 6 , 1÷ (D) none of these
6 è ø
Q.30 Let f (x) = sec 1 x + tan 1 x . Then f (x) is real for :
(A) x Î [ 1 , 1] (B) x Î R
(C) x Î ( ¥ , 1] È [1 , ¥) (D) x > 0
æ 1 1 ö1
Q.31 If sin ç sin 5 + cos x ÷ = 1, then x is equal to
è ø
4 1
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) (D)
5 5
Matrix match type
Q.32 Column_I Column_II
é1 ù
(A) If cos ( 4 x - 3x ) = 3cos x (P) ê ,1ú
-1 3 -1

ë2 û
then x can take values
é 1 ù
(B) If sin ( 3 x - 4 x ) = 3sin x (Q) ê - , 0 ú
-1 3 -1

ë 2 û
then x can take values
é 3ù
(C) If cos
-1
( 4x 3
- 3x ) = 3sin x
-1
(R) ê 0,
ë 2 û
ú

then x can take values

é 3 ù
(D) If sin -1 ( 3 x - 4 x 3 ) = 3cos -1 x (S) ê 2 ,1ú
ë û
then x can take values

165
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Q.33 Column- I Column - II

æ 2 ö
(A) If f (x) = sin 1 çç ÷ , then
÷ (P) f (x) is periodic
è sin x - 1 + sin x + 1 ø

(B) If f (x) = cos 1 ( x -1 )

- x - 2 , then (Q) Domain of f (x) is R

æ ö
ç p ÷
(C) If f (x) = sin 1 ç ÷ , then (R) Range consists only
ç sin x - p + sin -1 x + p
-1
÷
è 2 2 ø
irrational number

(D) ( )
If f (x) = cos cos -1 x + sin 1 (sin x)

cosec 1 (cosec x) + cosec 1 ½x½, then (S) f (x) is constant function

Integer type

Q.34 Absolute value of sum of all integers in the domain of f ( x ) = cot -1 ( x + 3) x + cos -1 x 2 + 3x + 1
is

Q.35 The least value of (1 + sec x )(1 + cos x ) is

-1 -1

Q.36 Let cos -1 ( x ) + cos -1 ( 2 x ) + cos -1 ( 3x ) = p . If x satisfies the equation ax 3 + bx 2 + cx - 1 = 0 , then

the value of ( b - a - c ) is

Q.37 If 0 £ 15 x < 1 , then number of integral values of x satisfying the equations

tan -1 (3 x ) + tan -1 ( 5 x ) = tan -1 ( 7 x ) + tan -1 ( 2 x ) is

æ p ö -1 æ pö
If the solution set of inequality ( cot x )( tan x ) + ç 2 - ÷ cot x - 3 tan x - 3 ç 2 - ÷ > 0 is
-1 -1 -1
Q.38
è 2ø è 2ø

( a, b ) , where a, b Î I then the value of cot -1 a + cot -1 b is

Q.39 If the roots of the equation x 3 - 10 x + 11 = 0 are u, v and w. Then the value of

3cosec 2 ( tan -1 u + tan -1 v + tan -1 w ) is

æ 3ö -1 æ 3ö -1 6
If tan ç x + ÷ - tan ç x - ÷ = tan
-1
Q.40 , then the value of x 4 is
è xø è xø x

166
166
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3.1 Graphs
a) Graphs of y = sin -1 ( sinx )
ì :
:
ï
ï - (p + x ) , [- 32p , - 2p )
sin 1 (sin x) =
ïï
í x , [- 2p , 2p ]
ï
ï (p - x) , (p2 , 32p ]
ï : y
ïî :
p/2
y=
x

2p
+

y=
x
p

y=
2

(p

x
=

y=
+
y

x
- p/2 ) 45º 3p/2
x)

- 2p - 3p/2 -p O p/2 p 2p x

- p/2

· Periodic function with period 2 p

· Many to one function
Illustration 23 :
y = sin 1 (sin 9)

5p
Here q = 9 radians which lies between and 3 p .
2

é5 p ù
So , y = sin 1 ( sin q ) ê 2 , 3 pú is
ë û

y = 3p q
Þ y = 3p 9
b) Graphs of y = cos -1 ( cosx )

ì :
ï :
ï -x , [- p , 0 )
ïx , [0 , p]
cos 1 (cos x) = í
ï2 p - x
ï :
, (p , 2 p]
ï :
î y
p

2p x
y

y=
=

+
=

x
2p

=
x

y
x

-2p -p O p 2p

167
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

· Periodic function with period 2 p

· Many to one function
Illustration 24 :
y = cos 1 (cos 10)
Here q = 10 radians which lies between 3 p and 4 p .
So , y = cos 1 ( cos q ) [ 3 p , 4 p ] is
y = 4p q
Þ y = 4 p 10
c) Graphs of y = tan -1 ( tanx )

ì :
ï :
ïx+p , (- 32p , 2p )
tan 1 (tan x) =
ïï
íx , (- 2p , 2p )
ï
ïx - p , (2p , 32p )
ï :
ïî : y
p/2
p
p
x+

2p
y=
y=

2p 3p p p/2 O p/2 p 3p x
2 2

p/2

· Periodic function with period p

· Many to one function
Illustration 25 :
y = tan 1 (tan 8)

æ 5p ù
Here q = 8 radians which lies between ç , 3 pú
è 2 û

æ 5p ù
So , y = tan 1 [ tan q ] ç , 3 pú is
è 2 û

y = q 3p
Þ y = 8 3p

168
168
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
d) Graphs of y = cot -1 ( cotx )

ì :
ï :
ïp + x , (- p , 0)
ïx , (0 , p)
cot 1 (cot x) = í
ïx - p
ï :
, (p , 2 p)
ï :
î y
p

p
2p

x+

x
x+

=
y

y
=
y

-2p -p O p 2p x

· Periodic function with period p

· Many to one function
Illustration 26 :
y = cot 1 (cot (7))
Here q = 7 radians which lies between (2 p , 3 p)

y = cot 1 (cot q) between (2 p , 3 p) is

y=q 2p where (q = 7)
y=7 2p

e) Graphs of y = sec -1 (sec x )

ì :
:
[- p , 0) - {- 2p }
ï
ï -x ,
[0 , p] - {p2 }
ïï
sec 1
(sec x) = í x ,
ï
ï 2p - x , (p , 2 p] - {32p }
ï :
ïî :
y
p
2p x
+
y=

x =
y

= y
=

y p/2
x

2p

y = p/2
x

-2p -3p/2 -p -p/2 O p/2 p 3p/2 2p

· Periodic function with period 2 p

· Many to one function

169
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 27 :
y = sec 1 (sec (5))
æ 3p ù
Here q = 5 radians which lies between ç , 2 pú
è 2 û
æ 3p ù
y = sec 1 (sec q) between ç , 2 pú is
è 2 û

y = 2 p - q where (q = 5)
y=2p 5

f) Graphs of y = cosec -1 (cosec x )

ì :
:
ï
ï (p + x ) , [- 32p , - 2p ) - {- p}
cosec 1 (cosec x) =
ïï
í x , [- 2p , 2p ] - {0 }
ï
ï x , (2p , 32p ] - {p }
ï :
ïî : y
p/2
y=

2p
y=
x
y=
(p

x
y=
+

- p/2 ) 45º 3p/2

x)

3 p/2 -p O p/2 p 2p x

- p/2

· Periodic function with period 2 p

· Many to one function
Illustration 28 :
y = cosec 1 (cosec (4))
3p
Here q = 4 radians which lies between æç p , 2 ùú
è û

y = cosec 1 (cosec q)

æ 3pù
between ç p , 2 ú is
è û

y = p - q where (q = 4)
y=p 4

170
170
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
3.2 Summation of series containing Inverse Trigonometric terms
Consider the following illustrations :
(i) First change the series into tan 1 form.
(ii) Find general term (in)
(iii) Split the general term in two parts such that both are consecutive terms (n, n 1 or n, n + 1) of
the form.
(iv) Apply sigma function
(v) All the terms are cancelled except first and last term.
Illustration 29 :
1 1 1 1
Find the sum of the series , tan 1
+ tan 1
+ tan 1
+ tan 1
+ .... ¥
2 8 18 32

Solution :

æ 1 ö æ 2 ö
We have , tan 1 çç 2 ÷÷ = tan 1 ç ÷
ç 4r2 ÷
è 2r ø è ø

æ (2 r + 1) - (2 r - 1) ö
= tan 1 çç ÷÷
è 1 + (2 r + 1) (2 r - 1) ø

= tan 1 (2r + 1) tan 1 (2r 1)

Thus,

[tan ]
n æ 1 ö n
å tan 1 ç ÷ å (2 r + 1)
ç 2r 2 ÷ =
1
- tan 1 (2 r - 1)
r =1 è ø r =1

= tan 1 (2n + 1) tan 1 (1)

p
= tan 1 (2n + 1)
4

n æ 1 ö é pù
\ Lim å tan 1 ç ÷ = Lim ê tan 1
(2 n + 1) -
n®¥ ç 2r 2 ÷ n ® ¥ ë 4 úû
r =1 è ø

p p p p
= tan 1 (¥) = =
4 2 4 4

Illustration 30 :
Find the sum of the first n terms of the series
cot 1 (3) + cot 1 (7) + cot 1 (13) + cot 1 (21) + . . .
Solution :
Let tr denote the rth term of the series 3, 7, 13, 21, . . . and
S = 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + . . . + tn
Also S = 3 + 7 + 13 + . . . + tn 1 + tn
Subtracting we get

171
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
0 = 3 + 4 + 6 + . . . + 2n t n
Þ tn = 3 + 4 + 6 + . . . + 2n

1
= 3+ (n 1) (4 + 2n) = n2 + n + 1
2

æ ö
1
Let Tr = cot 1 (r2 + r + 1) = tan 1 çç 2
÷
÷
è r + r + 1 ø

æ r + 1- r ö
= tan 1 çç ÷÷ = tan 1 (r + 1) tan 1 r
è 1 + r (r + 1) ø

Thus, the sum of the first n terms of the given series is

é n + 1- 1 ù æ n ö
tan 1 (n + 1) tan 1 (1) = tan 1 ê 1 + 1 (n + 1) ú = tan 1 çç ÷÷
ë û èn + 2ø
Illustration 31 :
n æ 2k ö
Find the sum å tan 1 çç 2
÷
4÷
k =1 è 2 + k + k ø

Solution :

æ 2k ö æ x-y ö
We first try to put tan 1 çç 2
÷
4 ÷ in the form tan ç 1 + x y ÷
1 ç ÷
è 2 + k + k ø è ø

Let x y = 2 k and x y = 1 + k2 + k4
Þ x(x 2k) = 1 + k2 + k4 Þ x2 2 k x + k2 = 1 + 2 k2 + k4
Þ (x k)2 = (k2 + 1)2 Þ x k = (k2 + 1)
Þ x = k2 + k + 1 and y = k2 k + 1
Therefore

n æ
ç 2k ö
÷
n ( ) (
é k2 + k + 1 - k2 - k + 1 ù )
k =1
å tan 1 ç 2 + k2 + k 4 ÷ =
è ø
å tan 1
k =1
ê
(
2 2
)( ú
ëê 1 + k + k + 1 k - k + 1 úû)
n
= å tan 1
[ tan 1 (k2 + k + 1) tan 1 (k2 k + 1) ]
k =1

= (tan 1 3 tan 1 1) + (tan 1 7 tan 1 3) + (tan 1 13 tan 1 17)

+ . . . + [tan 1 (n2 + n + 1) tan 1 (n2 n + 1))
p
= tan 1 (n2 + n + 1) tan 1 1 = tan 1 (n2 + n + 1)
4

172
172
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Illustration 32 :
Find the sum to the n term of the series

cosec 1 10 + cosec 1 50 + cosec 1

170 + . . . + cosec 1 (n 2
)(
+ 1 n2 + 2 n + 2 )
Solution :

Let q = cosec 1 (n 2
)(
+ 1 n2 + 2 n + 2 )
Þ cosec2 q = (n2 + 1) (n2 + 2n + 2)
= (n2 + 1)2 + 2n (n2 + 1) + n2 + 1
= (n2 + n + 1)2 + 1 Þ cot2 q = (n2 + n + 1)2

1 (n + 1) - n
Þ tan q = 2 =
n +n+1 1 + (n + 1) n

é (n + 1) - n ù
Þ q = tan 1 ê 1 + (n + 1) n ú = tan 1 (n + 1) tan 1 n
ë û

Thus, sum of n terms of the given series

= (tan 1 2 tan 1 1) + (tan 1 3 tan 1 2) + (tan 1 4 tan 1 3) + . . . + (tan 1 (n+1) tan 1 n)
Þ tan 1 (n + 1) p/4
Illustration 33 :

Find the range of (sin 1x)2 + (cos 1x)2.

Solution :
Let f (x) = (sin 1x)2 + (cos 1 x)2
= (sin 1x + cos 1x)2 2 sin 1x. cos 1x

p2
( )
ép ù 2
1 p 1 2
= 2 sin 1 x ê 2 - sin x ú = p sin 1 x + 2 sin x
4 ë û 4

( )
é 2 p p2 ù é1 p p2 p2 ù
1 1
= 2 ê sin x - sin x+ ú = 2 ê sin 4 + 8 - 16 ú
ê
ë 2 8 ûú êë úû

2 é p2 ù
æ 1 pö p2
= 2 ç sin x- ÷ + 2 ê 16 ú ³ . . . . . (i)
è 4ø ëê ûú 8

2
æ 1 pö p2 9 p2 p2 5 p2
Now , 2 ç sin x - ÷ + £ + £ . . . . . (ii)
è 4ø 8 8 8 4

é p2 5 p2 ù
from (i) and (ii), range of the given function is ê , ú.
ëê 8 4 úû

173
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Single answer choice type

Q.1 The value of sin (sin10) is
-1

(A) 10 (B) 10-3 p (C) 3 p -10 (D) -10

Q.2 I : The value of sin (sin 5 ) is 5 - 2 p
-1
II: The value of cos (cos 2 ) is 2
-1

Which of the above is true?

(A) only I (B) only II (C) both I & II (D) Neither I nor II
Q.3 cos -1 ( cos12 ) - sin -1 (sin12) =
(A) 0 (B) p (C) 8p + 24 (D) 8p - 24

Q.4 If sin -1 ( sin x ) = p - x then x belongs to:

é p 3p ù
(A) R (B) [ 0, p ] (C) ê , ú (D) [p , 2p ]
ë2 2 û
p2
If minimum value of ( sin -1 x ) + ( cos -1 x ) is
2 2
Q.5 , then value of k is
k
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10
5p 2
Number of value(s) of x for which ( tan x ) + ( cot x ) =
-1 2
-1 2
Q.6 is/are
8
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) infinite
Q.7 The set value of x for which cos -1 ( cos 4 ) > 3 x 2 - 4 x is

æ 3 - 6p - 8 3 + 6p - 8 ö æ 2 - 6p - 8 2 + 6p - 8 ö
(A) çç , ÷÷ (B) çç , ÷÷
è 3 3 ø è 3 3 ø

(C) ( -2, 2) (D) ( -3,3 )

4

Q.8 å tan ( tan x ) =

x =-1
-1

(A) 7 - 3p (B) 6 - 3p (C) 5 - 3p (D) 9 - 3p

The minimum value of ( sec -1 x ) + ( cos ec -1 x ) .

2 2
Q.9

p2 p2 3p 2 5p 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 4 8 4

Q.10 If éë cot -1 x ùû + éë cos -1 x ùû = 0 , where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, then the complete set of
value of x is
(A) ( cos1,1] (B) ( cos1, cot1) (C) ( cot1,1] (D) none of these

174
174
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Complete solution set of éë cot x ùû + 2 éë tan x ùû = 0 , where [.] denotes the greatest integer
-1 -1
Q.11
function. is equal to
(A) ( 0,cot1) (B) ( 0, tan1) (C) ( tan1, ¥ ) (D) ( cot1, tan1)
æ ö 1 æ 1 ö æ 4 1 ö
Q.12 The sum of cot 1 ç 2 2 + ÷ + cot 1 çç 2 3 + ÷÷ + cot 1
çç 2 + ÷÷ + .....upto ¥ terms is
è 2ø è 22 ø è 23 ø
-1 1 -1 1 -1 1 p
(A) cot (B) tan (C) sin (D)
2 2 2 4
Q.13 The sum of cosec 1 5 + cosec 1
65 + cosec 1
325 + cosec 1
1025 + cosec 1 2501 + .... +
upto ¥ terms is
p p p 3p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 4 4
Q.14 The number of real solutions of the equation , 1 + cos 2 x = 2 sin 1 (sin x) , p £ x £ p is :
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
1 1 1 1
Q.15 If x > 0 , then tan 1
2 + tan 1 2 + tan 1 2 + tan 1 2 +...
x + x +1 x + 3x + 3 x + 5x + 7 x + 7 x + 13
up to n terms is
(A) tan -1 ( x + n ) - tan -1 x (B) cot -1 ( x + n ) - cot -1 x

(C) tan -1 x - tan -1 ( x + n ) (D) cot -1 x + cot -1 ( x + n )

æ 3ö æ 3ö æ 3ö
Q.16 cot 1 ç12 + ÷ + cot 1 ç 2 2 + ÷ + cot 1 ç 3 2 + ÷ + .... upto ¥ terms is
è 4 ø 4 è 4 ø è ø
-1
(A) cot -1 2 (B) tan 2 (C) cot -1 3 (D) tan -1 3
1 2 -1 n - n -1
Q.17 The value of sin 1 + sin 1 + ..... + sin 1 + .... upto ¥ terms is
2 6 n (n + 1)

p p p p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3 2
æp ö
Value of sin éëcos {cos ( cos x ) + sin (sin x )}ùû , where x Î ç 2 , p ÷ is :
-1 -1 -1
Q.18
è ø

p p
(A) (B) - (C) p (D) -p
2 2
Q.19 If x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 are roots of the equation x 4 - x 3 sin 2 b + x 2 cos 2 b - x cos b - sin b = 0 then
tan -1 x1 + tan -1 x2 + tan -1 x3 + tan -1 x4 =
p
(A) b (B) -b (C) p - b (D) - b
2
a3 æ1 a ö b -1 æ b
3
2 æ 1 öö
Q.20 cosec2 ç tan -1 ÷ + 2 sec ç 2 tan ç a ÷ ÷ , is equal to
2 è2 b ø è è øø
(A) (a - b ) ( a + b ) (B) (a + b ) (a - b )
2 2 2 2

(C) (a - b ) (a - b ) (D) (a + b ) (a + b )
2 2 2 2

175
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Number of values of x Î [ -p,3p] ,which satisfying y = cos ( cos x ) and y = cos x is

-1
Q.21
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 7
1 - 3 x2
Q.22 The solution set of the equation, 3 tan 1 x + cos 1 = 0 is
(1 + x ) 2 3/2

é -1 1 ù
(A) éë - 3,0 ùû (B) éë0, 3 ùû (C) ê , ú (D) None of these
ë 3 3û
-1
Q.23 Number of solutions of tan x - cos-1 x = 0 is/are
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 3
Q.24 The value of x satisfying 2 (sin x) 1 2
(sin x) 6 = 0 is
1

3 3 3
(A) sin (B) cos (C) - sin (D) Does not exist
2 2 2
æ p ù é 3p ö ì
-1 ï 1 - sin x + 1 + sin x ï
ü
Q.25 If x Î ç 0, ú È ê , 2p ÷ , then cot í ý=
è 2û ë 2 ø îï 1 - sin x - 1+ sin x þï
x x x p
(A) p - (B) x (C) (D) -
2 2 2 4
Q.26 The equation sin x = | x - a | will have atleast one solution if :
-1

é p pù é pù é p pù
(A) a Î [ 1 , 1] (B) a Î ê - , ú (C) a Î ê 1 , 1 + ú (D) a Î ê 1 - 2 , 1 + 2 ú
ë 2 2û ë 2û ë û

2p p
Q.27 If sin-1x + sin-1 y = and cos-1 x cos-1 y = , then value of 2x + y is
3 3

3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D) 3
2
æ
æ 1 æ 1 ö p ö ö÷
Q.28 If 17 x2 + 17 x çç tan çç 2 tan ç ÷ - ÷÷ ÷ 10 = 0 , then sum of all values of x is
è è è 5 ø 4 øø

10 7
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) (D)
17 17
Q.29 If cot
-1
( )
cos a - tan -1 ( )
cos a = x , where x Î R + then sin x =
2 a 2 a a
(A) tan (B) cot (C) tan a (D) cot
2 2 2
One or more than one type
cos-1 êsin ç x + p ÷ú
é æ öù
Q.30 Let 3 øúû then
f ( x) = e
êë è

æ 8p ö 5p /18 æ 8p ö 13p /18 æ ö 7p 7p

(A) f ç ÷=e (B) f ç ÷=e (D) f æç - ö÷ = e11p /12
p /12
(C) f ç - 4 ÷ = e
è 9 ø è 9 ø è ø è 4 ø
Q.31 If Sn = cot -1 ( 3) + cot -1 ( 7 ) + cot -1 (13) + cot -1 ( 21) .....upto n terms , then

5 p 4
(D) S20 = cot -1 (1.1)
-1 -1
(A) S10 = tan (B) S ¥ = (C) S6 = cos
6 4 5
176
176
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Q.32 Let f (x) = (sin 1 x)3 + (cos 1 x)3 , then :

7 p3 9p 3
(A) greatest value of f (x) is (B) greatest value of f (x) is
8 8

p3 p3
(C) least value of f (x) is (D) least value of f (x) is
32 16
Q.33 If a satisfies the inequation , x2 x 2 > 0 , then
-1 -1 p
(A) sin -1 a = cos -1 a (B) sec a + cosec a =
2

-1 -1 a p
(C) sin a = tan
-1 -1
(D) sin a + cos a =
1- a 2
2
Matrix match type
Q.34 Column I Column II
æ 3p ö
(A) If x Î ç p , ÷ , then sin -1 ( sin x ) = (P) x -p
è 2 ø

æ 5p ö
(B) If x Î ç 2p , ÷ , then tan -1 ( tan x ) = (Q) x - 2p
è 2 ø

(C) If x Î ( -2p , -p ) , then cos -1 ( cos x ) = (R) p -x

(D) If x Î (p , 2p ) , then cot -1 ( cot x ) = (P) 2p + x
Integer type
Q.35 Number of solutions of sin -1 ( sin x ) = [ x ] , where [ x ] denotes greatest integer function is

p
Q.36 Number of real solutions of + cos-1 ( cos x ) = tan x , 0 £ x £ 2p is
2
If range of the function f ( x ) = sin x + 2 tan x + x + 4x + 1 is [ p, q ] , then the value of ( p + q )
-1 -1 2
Q.37
is
Q.38 If n is the number of terms of the series cot -1 3, cot -1 7, cot -1 13, cot -1 21...... whose sum is

1 æ 24 ö
cos -1 ç ÷ then value of ( n - 5 ) is
2 è 145 ø
If the area enclosed by the curves f ( x ) = cos ( cos x ) and g ( x ) = sin ( cos x ) in
-1 -1
Q.39

é 9p 15p ù ap 2
xÎê , is (where a and b are coprime) then the value of ( a - b ) is
ë 4 4 úû b

Q.40
-1
( 2
)
-1 3
( -1
) ( )
If 0 < cos -1 x < 1 and 1 + sin cos x + sin cos x + sin cos x + .....¥ = 2 then the value of

12x 2 is

177
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

ANSWER SHEET
PRACTICE PROBLEMS -1
1. [B] 2. [A] 3. [A] 4. [A] 5. [A]
6. [B] 7. [A] 8. [B] 9. [D] 10. [B]
11. [A] 12. [C] 13. [A] 14. [C] 15. [D]
16. [D] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [A] 20. [B]
21. [B] 22. [B] 23. [B] 24. [ACD] 25. [BD]
26. [BC] 27. [ABD] 28. [BD] 29. [D] 30. [C]
31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [B] 34. [C] 35. [7]
36. [3] 37. [2] 38. [7] 39. [4] 40. [3]
PRACTICE PROBLEMS -2
1. [C] 2. [A] 3. [B] 4. [A] 5. [B]
6. [A] 7. [C] 8. [B] 9. [B] 10. [C]
11. [D] 12. [A] 13. [A] 14. [C] 15. [A]
16. [C] 17. [D] 18. [B] 19. [C] 20. [B]
21. [AD] 22. [AC] 23. [CD] 24. [AC] 25. [BC]
26. [A] 27. [B] 28. [C] 29. [A] 30. [C]
31. [D] 32. [A - PS ; B - Q ; C - R ; D - S]
33. [A - PQRS ; B - Q ; C - PRS ; D -RS]
34. [3] 35. [1] 36. [2] 37. [1] 38. [5]
39. [6] 40. [9]
PRACTICE PROBLEMS -3
1. [C] 2. [C] 3. [D] 4. [C] 5. [C]
6. [A] 7. [B] 8. [D] 9. [A] 10. [C]
11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [C] 15. [A]
16. [B] 17. [D] 18. [B] 19. [B] 20. [D]
21. [B] 22. [A] 23. [B] 24. [C] 25. [A]
26. [D] 27. [B] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30.[BC]
31. [ABCD] 32. [AC] 33. [B] 34. [A - R ; B - Q ; C - S ; D - P]
35. [3] 36. [4] 37. [4] 38. [6] 39. [1]
40 . [9]

178
178