L&I WAVE II

QUICK USER GUIDE

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L&lMaritime (UX) Ltd

L&I HallFarm Oltices

West Markham, Newark
Nottinghamshire NG22 0Gu
f.l'. +rA l0ll777 232 253

operatiaIl@llE4rtlEc{s!!
UNITED KINGDOM u,[Link]
135909 L&I
quick User Guidelines

The following quick user guidelines are written to provide a convenient reference document and
to familiarise the user with the sometimes unique responses that this spedrophotometer offers.
This Buide should not be used in place ot the manufadure/s instrument manual or in place ofthe
method cards provided to determine various WallWash Test parameters.

PowerinE the lnstrumem

This instrument can be run on either 120 or 240V rnains supply and is supplied with US and EU
mains cables. The instrument should be sited on a dry, flat surface. Due to its mode of operation,
hs readin8s are stable, even in relatively rough seas.

[Link] rtart-uo

After swilchint the instrument on, a series of rapid self-calibration tests are performed. During
this switch on, the cell holder area should be free from sample cells. lf there are any problems
during the switch on, the faults will be displayed by the instrument and the user advised how to
remedy the problem. After succesdul switch on, the instrument is calibrated and readv for us€
and the display willshow4 optionalfiles.

Sample Cells There are two sets of sample cells with this instrument. Alwavs ensure the
cell windows are clean, drv and free from visible contamination.

For'visible' spectra work, (e.9. chlorides, hydrocarbon, colour or

permanganate time), one 40mm rectangular Slass sample cell
should be used. When using this cell the clear sides should ba
exposed to the li8ht path, and the cell should be fitted
completely into the cellholder.

For UV wolk, the 10mm quartz Blass sample cell should be used.
quartz glass cells are invisible to UV light, but they are very
delicate and should be handled with great care. When using this
cell the clear sides should be exposed to the light path, and the
cellshould be placed at the far right hand side ofthe cellholder.

Due to the unique light path and optical arrangements of this instrument, it is not necessary to
coverthe sample cells in orderto obtain a reading on this instrument.

copyrith! @!&l MaritlrD. lrd. [Link]€r 201& All lighr5 i.5. ed.
L&l Marltlme Ltd., Hall Farm Olfices, West MarH!6m, [Link]! [Link]., NGI2 OGU, UK
Tel. +rl4 (0) 1777 232 2sB Emall. [Link]@[Link]
Page 1of20
135909 L&I
Navicatina the dirplav

The operation of this instrument is by simple lile driven menus. Navigation through the screens
and methods is performed by pressing appropriate numerical keys and by the GREEN 'accept'or
the RED'cancel'key.

r' Pressing the RED key also takes the user back one step/page or aborts the current
operation.
/ The blue 0A/100%T key is forzeroingthe instrument (preparing a reference)
/ The GREEN keytakes a measurement oracceptsthe €urrent option.

Runnlna a Method

Once selected, the method screen willdisplay the Method number and name, the wavelength and
units.

The instrument oi;iates by passing a li8ht beam of known wavelength through a liquid test
sample and measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by the sample. By comparing the
amount of light absorbed in a relerence sample with the amount of li8ht absorbed in a test
sample, it is possible to aacuratety detect the concentration ofcontamination in the test sample-

Applications in the visible region of the light spectra usually involve a colour change and can be
seen by the operator. But applications in the UV re8ion are invisible to the naked eye.

Pressing blue 0A/10(MT {with the appropriate blank reference sample installed in the instrument}
will zero the instrument and the sample box will show reference. During the scanning, a rapid
ticking noise is heard, this is normal.

PressinE the GREEN button (with the appropriate working sample installed in the instrument) will
take a measurement; the value obtained will be shown in the aoncentlatlon box.

At start uo, to allow the optical and electrical comoonents to stabilise. it is recommended to cafiv
out the followinq orocess:

i.) Select any test method from the L l Marltlme Protrans menu
ii.) Without insertinB a test sample into the sample holder, press the blue oA/lfi)%T button
iii. ) Pressthe GREEN button 5 - l0times in quick succession

Connection io. PC

The spectrophotometer has a built in USB communications port that can be used to connect to a
dedicated manufacturers' pr;nter, manufacturers Bluetooth device or to a PC, but it is pre-set to
communicate with a PCvia the enclosed USB cable and software.
The instrument can be used for more sophisticated analytical determinations {UV scanning) and
the connection to a PC enables operators to send spectral data via email for evaluation. lt will also
enable software updates to be uploaded remotely.

copyrlght ol&r Maririhe Ltd. ortober 20$. All Ri8hts [Link].

L&l [Link] Ltd., Hall tarm Oflicet W€st Marth.m, [Link] Nottlnghamshlre, NG22 OGU, UK.
Tel. +4410) 1777 232 253 Email.
Page 2 of 20
135909 L&I
UV Scanning

Ranse For scanning wall wash / cargo / washing water samples in the UV region of the
spectrum either in absorbance units or in the units ot % Transmission (Senerally
for the measurement of MEG FG purity)

There are two reasonsror usingthis function.

i.) To measure the purity of a chemical product when there is no reference. This usually
refers to the purity of a fiast foot / final loaded cargo sample or to measure the purity
of a €hemical product used in the laboratory or for tank cleaning
ii.) To identify the level ot contamination in a wall wash sample compared to the pure
laboratory grade methanol (orethanol)

This [Link] is carried out in the UV re$on of the light spectrum and a quartz sample cell
(labeled with a "Qf on the cell window) must be used.

Plo!€dqe

1. Switch the L&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and if all self checks are
accepted, the instrument is calibrated and ready for use. A screen showing four files is

2. Press button number 2 entitled I I Marilime Programs

3. Now press the button entitled Wavescan to scan in absorbance units or Wavesaan
llransmission) to scan rn % Transmission.

i.) For measurimthe ouritv ofa chemical produd when there is no eiven reference.

4. Fill the 10mm quartz glass cell with laboratory Srade distilled or de-ionised water and
insert into the far right hand side of the aample cell holder. The cell is held in place by a
smallspring mounted fixinB screw inside the cell holder. This represents the reference or
blank sample against which alltest samples are compared

5. Pressthe dark btue 0A/100%T button to set the iistrument to zero. A blank graph will
now be seen with wavelength in nm across the "x" axis (from 200 - 350nm) and light
absorbance ortransmission upthe n" axis (from 0-2.5 A or0- 100% T)

6. Remove the quartz sample celland dispose otthe water rcference

7. Refill the quartz sampie cell with the test sample (methanol, ethanol, mono ethylene
glycol, washing water etc.) and replace in the sample cell holder in the same place that
the reference was located

CQyrltht @l&l M..ltlme ttd. @oher 2018. Alliiahts R.s€rv.d.

l,&l Madtlme ttd., [Link] F..m offl6, west MaddEm, N![Link], [[Link]., NG22 oGU, uK
-lel. +44
lol Ll77 zr2 2r, [Link]. qlqitiors@[Link]..om
Paee 3 of 20
 135909 L&I
8. the GREEN button which starts the scan. A graph will now be seen on the display
Press
which representsthe completed UV scan

lnteroretation ol Results

ln absorbance mode, a good sample with little or no contamination will show a characteristic
"smooth" curve:

pure methanol
2_5

E ,U
{
T'
0.5

0
200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340
wavolorgth (nm)

By usint the left and right arrow keys it is possible to identify the actual absorbance reading at
specific wavelengths. Puae methanol typically has an absorbance readint of less than 0.3 and
220nm and this is a very good indicator ofthe purity of methanolsamples in general,

Any deviation from the smooth .urve {typically in the form of peaks) indicates contamination. The
position ot the peaks indicates the chemical nature of the contamination. The area underneath
the peaks directly corresponds to the concentration ofthese contaminants which means in some
instances, thistechnique can also be used to quantirythe contamination concertration.

The followinggraph is characteristic of different concentrations of benzene in methanol:

benzene in methanol
t00rE/l
1o t-
0.8 1:
:
0.6 :.'r --- 10 m8l I
Xr
I 0.4

o.2 I
0.0
200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 2m.0 [email protected] 320.0 340.0 -1'8/l
wavelengih (nm)

Copyrithr @L&l Marltime Lrd. kober 2018, AttRights R€seped.

t&l Maritime Ltd,, [Link] [Link], west Markham, Nekark, [Link], NG22OGU, UK
Tel, +44l0l 177' 2!2 25t [Link].
PaSe 4 of 20
135909 L&I
ii.) To ldentifv the level of contamination in a wall wash o. washim water sample
cohpared to an uncontaminated samol€ ofthe samewall wash oawater.

9. Fill the 10mm quartz Blass cell with pure laboratory grade methanol (or ethanol) or clean
washing water sample (fresh or sea) and insert into the far right hand side of the sample
cell holder. The cell is held in place by a small spring mounted fixing screw inside the cell
holder. This represents the reference or blank sample a8ainst which alltest samples are
compared

10. Press the dark blue 0A/100%T button to set the instrument to zero. A blank Sraph will
now be geen with wavelength in nm across the "x"axis (from 200 - 350nm) and light
absorban€e or transmission up the "y' axis (from 0 - 2-5 A or 0 - 100% T).

11. Remove the quartz sample celland dispose ofthe reference

12. Refill the quartz sample cell with the wall wash or washing water sample and replace in
the sample cell holder in the same place that the relerence was located

13. Press the GREEN button which starts the scan. A Braph will now be seen on the display
which representsthe completed UV scan

lnterpretation o, Results

The closer the graph is to a flat line, the closer the wall wash or washing water sample is to the
pure methanol (or ethanol) or clean water. Any contamination in the test sample will show up as a
deviation (in the form of peaks) from the flat line. The position of the peaks is spe€iflc to the
nature of the contamination and the area underneath the peaks directly corresponds to the
concentration of these contaminants which means in some instances, this technique can also be
used to quantifythe contamination concentration.

The tollowing Braph also shows that the same concentration of different cargoes does not
produce peaks that are the same size and area. Different car8oeg do have different responses.
There is a library ofUVtraces on the MCIS tank cleaninB database ([Link])

10mg/ I benzene, styrene and phenol in metha

2.0

1.S
--- 10 msl I
1.0

0.5

o.0
200_o 220.0 240.0 260.0 2aO.O 300.0 320.0 340.0
wavelensih (nml

copyright ol&l [Link] Ltd. octob€r 2018. all ilth6 ReseNed.

!&l [Link]. Ltd.. [Link] Farm Oftl..5, West [Link].m, Newark, Nottinthamshire, NG22 oGU, UK
rc|.+44{Ol1Z,82253 [Link]@[Link]
PaBe 5 of 20
135909 L&I
Saving Data to Excel Spreadsheet - PVC v. 4 {onwards)

Procedure

1. Ensure that the PVC(print via compLrter) program is loaded onto the computer that is
intended to accept the data, following the on screen instructions after the CD ROM is
installed. Set up the computer following the detailed instructions that are included in the
PVC CD ROM

2. Switch the L&l Wave ll instrument on and after the self-checks are completed, the
instrument is calibrated and ready for use. A screen showing four files is shown

Press button 4 marked Utllhl6 followed by button 3 marlcd Prlmer. The box marked
Autoprim should be On; use the horizontal arrow keys to do this. Press the R€D button
twiceto go backto the main menu

4. Now connect the computer and the [&l Wave ll instrument using the USB connector and
open the PVC pro8ramme on the computer. You willsee a text boxthat says:
Seerching .. lookint fo, units on pons whilst the computer finds the instrument, thed
Checklnt ilExaelis present whilstthe computer locates lhe Microsoft Excelprogramme.

5. When the computer finds the instrument and conneds to Excel you will see another text
box that says Runnlry .. waltlnt for input followed by this screen, which shows the sedal
numberofthe instrum€nt and the factthat it isconneded.

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-

6. lf you cannot see this, exit the ramme and try again, making sure the computer
and instrument are connecte USB connection before the PVC is opened.

7. Double clickthis icon, ich opensthe PVC lnstrument configuration windowas follows:

cocyrlsht @t&r Marrtime ttd. orrob.r 2018. All Rlthb R.s. ed.
L&l M..itime Ltd., [Link] [Link] Ofic.s, [Link] Marlham, l{€w'rt, [Link], tlczloGU, UX.
251
Iel. +44 (01 l7r7 232 Emall. ooeraiions@[Link]
PaBe 6 of 20
135909 L&I

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c\u..rv..6d\[Link]\€. dori.*
c:ur- Ad.\Doad.\PE\Pvcvra.

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8. Go down to the fourth paragraph called When rcport roselved and carry
out the followinS:

9. Display_Repo,t. Double click and set it to show Conplete.

10. Print_Report. To save data iust to the computer, double click and set to No.

11. Save_Report. To save data tothe computer, double click and set toYes.

12. Save_Repo.t_To_€xael-File. Double click and setto Report

13. Create a file on the desktopofthe computer called "-speclro downloadJ'and instrud the
computerto save alldata into that file, by updatingthis dkectory.

14. The instrument and computer are now set up.

15. When analysinS samples by t V scanning (programs #5 and f7 on the I Maritime t

Pro8rammes menu), each time a scan is completed, the data will be shown on the
instrument display and also saved into the "sp€ctro downloads" file. ln order to avoid
confusion when multiple samples are belng analysed, re-name this file immediately so it is
known exadly what the scan represents,

Copyritht @L&l Marltime Ltd. Octob€r 201t1. All Rithrs Res€rved.

L&l Marltlme Ltd,, [Link] Orflc6, Wcst M..lham. Ne*arlt [Link]., NC22 OGU, UK
Tel. +44101 1?77 232 2tt Emall,
Page 7 of 20
135909
15. When analysinS samples for specific readings tor example chlorides, colour, hydrocarbon
etc. (programs Bl to t5 on the L I Maritime Programmes menu) each time a readinS is
generated on the display, it is !q! automatically saved to Excel, until all samples have
been analysed and the proSram had been exited, Then all of the samples that have been
analysed are displayed in one table, as Iollows. Again it is important to note which sample
number representswhich cargo tank, or sample point.

*rdp4. llP@iorPe. ri ij. , gs.v..r, jrrd. d Pitr.

950 [Link] in lrtsoH 27n9/201A

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17. Saved Excelfiles are [Link] 25-50kb in size and these can betransferred via emailas and
when required

copyridn @L&l [Link] Ltd. Ortober 2018, All Rightr ReNe4

I&l [Link] ttd., HallFarm Offlces, West [Link], [Link], [Link] NG22 OGU, UK.
r.l. +44 l0l1?77 232 253 [Link].
Page 8 of 20
135909 L&I
950 Chloride in Methanol

Ranie 0.2 - 10.0 ppm by weight.

Acidified Silver Nitrate Rearent - 2% Silver Nitrate in 2016 Nitric Acid

- Dissolve 10 g of silver nitrate in 500 ml ol20% nit c acid. Store this solution in a dark bottle.
- Alternatively, separate solutions of 2% silver nitrate and 20% nitric acid can also be used just as
successfully.

Proced!re

1. Switch the L&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and if all self checks are accepted,
the unit is calibrated and ready for use. A screen showinS four flles is shown
2. Press the buttoqrelatrng to the L I Maritime Programs, tile number 2
3. Press the butt} (number 1) relating to 950 Chloride in MeOH. The test can now be
performed
4. Transfer 25 mloltest 5ample into an appropriate sample tube
5. Add 5 drops ofthe acidified silver nitrate reagent, or 5 droos each of 2% silver nitrate and 20%
nitric acid
6. Prepare a reference sample to run concurrently, by following steps 4 and S using pure
methanol. Leave to stand lor 15 minutes
7. After 15 minutes, follow these instructions
8. Fill one 40mm rectangular glass sample cell with the prepared relerenae sample and insert
into the sample cell holder, ensuring the cell is fully seated in the cell holder
9. Press the blue 0A/100%T button to set the instrument to read zero- Once the instrument is
reroed, it does not display any result, but [Link])0 can be seen in the Absorbance box
10. Remove the reference sa mple trom the instrument and pou r it back into the reference sample
tube
11. Rinse flrst and then fillthe !!!9Xb!$e!!p!9lg!! with the test sample before inserting into
the instrument. Press the GRTEN button and read the chloride concentration of the test
sample directly in ppm from the ConcentEtion box
12. At low concentration levels, it is suggested to take 2 or 3 readings lor each sample and use an
average as the result
13. lt is recommended to regularly check that the reference sample still reads zero. lfthe reading
shows any significant drift, reset the reference by repeating steps 8 and 9

lnterpretation ot Results

The chloride content of the test samole in ppm is read directlv from the instrument.

lnterlerences
1. Ha2y and / or excessively coloured test samples
2, The presen€e ofexcessive detergents
3. The presence otexcessive phosphates
4. The presence ofexcessive water immiscible contaminants (hydrocarbons)

Coryrkhl @l&l [Link] Ltd. frobs 2018, All i-rgntr Red.d,

!&l Maritime !td,, Hall farm Oflic.r, Wcst Markh.d, [Link], [Link]. NG22 oGU, UK
Ll. +{4 (0} 1177 232 213 [Link]. ooerations@[Link]
Page 9 of 20
 L&I
I
135909

951 Permanganate Time Test t

Ranre Pass or Fail in line with ASTM D 1353.

Potassium Permantanate Reatent

Prepare a 0.02% solution of potassium permanganate in water by dissolvin8 0.1

- I of crystalline
potassium permanganate in 500 mlofde-ionised water.

PtoceduJe

1. Switch the L&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and if all self checks are accepted,
the unit iscalibrated and ready for use. A screen showing fourfiles is shown
2. Pressthe button relating to the L I Madtime programs, file number 2
3. Press the button (number 2) relatinS to 951 [Link] Time. The test can now be
performed I
4. Prepare a water bath at 15oC - 1'C
5. Filla sample tube with 25 mlofthe test sample and place it in the bath lor at least 10 minutes
to allow it to cooldown to 15"C
6. Now add 1 ml of the potassium permanganate reagent to the sample tube, mix the contents
welland replace in the bath. Note the time
7. teave the sample tube in the bath &Lgg_ldrulCg or whatever length oI time the potassium
[Link] time test specilication is set at
8. Fill one 40mm rectangular glass sample cell with pure methanol, with no potassium
permanganate solution added (relerence sample) and insert into the sample cell holder,
ensuring the cell is fully seated in the cellholder
9. Press the blue OA/100%T button to set the instrument to read zero. Once the instrument is
zeroed, it does not display any resuh, but o.(X)O can be seen in the Abso*rance box
10, Remove the reference sample from the instrument
11. Rinse Iirst and then fill the same rlass tamole c€ll whh the test sample before inserting into
the instrument. Press the GREEN button and note the % aeading from the Concentration box
12. At low concentration levels, it is suggested to take 2 or 3 readings for each sample and use an
average as the result
13. lt is recommended to regularly check that the reference sample still reads zero. tf the reading _
shows any significant drift, reset the reference by following steps 8 and 9

lnteroreiition of Results

A readins rreater than 32.O% bvthis proaedure, will stillshow a pink aolour. and pars the test

A readlm le3s than 32.0% bv this orocedure will appeario be brown in colour, and fall the test

lnterferencet
1. Hazy and / or excessively coloured test samples
2. The presence ofextremes of pH

copyriaht Or.&r Maritioe Ltd. ocrober 2018. Alt Ri8hts R€ied€d.

l&l [Link] ttd., [Link] Firm [Link], [Link] M. (hrm, [Link]*, [Link]€, c22 OGU, U&
Iel.+44(0)177,232253 €[Link]@limarilime..qm
Page 10 of 20
13s909 L&I
952 APHA Colour

Ran(e APHA 5 - 500 in line with ASTM D 1209 on the Platinum - Cobalt scale.

Proaedure

1. Switch the t&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and if all self checks are accepted,
the unit is calibrated and ready for use. A screen showing fourfiles is shown

2. Press the button relating to the L I Maritim€ programs, file number 2

3. Press the button (number 3)relating to 952 APHAColour. The test can now be performed

' li""i""1q]ffii,'"1:lx.,,,"i#i',""':llYl'x,,i;::ffiTH:'::'fi""[:rampre)andinsert
5. Press the blue 0A/100%T button to set the instrument to read aero. Once the instrument is
zeroed, it does not display any result, but 0.000 can be seen in the Absorbance box

6. Remove the reference sample from the instrument

7. fill the leledelsla4plglg!! *nn?" ,"r,

Rinse first and then ,"fi
O"Iore inserting into
the instrument. the GRTEN button and read the colour of the test sample directly in
Press
APHA from the Concentratlon box

8. At low concentration levels, it is suggested to takoor 3 readings for each sample and use an I
average as the result

9. lt is recommended to regularly check that the reference sample ilill reads zero. lf the reading
shows any significant drift, reset the reference by following stepond 5.

hternletalioDofEeJults

The aolour ot the test sample in APHA [Link] directlv from the instrument

Accordim to the ASTM reference the colour should be rcponed either as an exacl multiole of 5
or "lif,hterthan" the next hithest multiple of 5 whichever is the [Link]

lnterferences

1. Hazy test samples

2. Off hue test samples

Copyright @L&l M8ritim. Ltd. [Link].2018. All Rlghtr [Link].

L&l Maritlmc Ltd., H. r.m Otffes, W.* [Link].m, New.*, [Link], G22 oGU, Uf.
Iel. +44 {0) 1777 2!t2 293 [Link]. operations@limaritime,co
Page 11of 20
 135909 L&I
953 Hydrocarbons

8!!g9 Pass or Fail in line with ASTM D 1722.

Proaedurc
1. Switch the L&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and if all self checks are accepted, the
unit is calibrated and readyfor use. A screen showing four files is shown
2. Pressthe button relatingtothe Ll Maritlme [Link] file number2
3. Pressthe button (number 4) relating to 953 [Link]. The test can now be performed
4. Add 10mlof the methanoltest sample to 90 mlofdistjlled water, in a suitable sample tube

Nole: 8v addinr more methanol to the dlsttlled water (25:75 / 33:07 / SO:501, mates the
[Link] iert ororressivelv strlcter. Thls dslat€s from ASru. but mav bc reouired at the
loadoon. The test result ls aporoorlate whatever the methanolto dtsttlled waterdllution rado.

i ix,T,I![,T.:ff: :#[T,Tl.',ff.:::L'il1;ig;';,**#*
instead of the test sample
pure methano,

7, After 20 minutesfollow these instructions

NOTE: To avoid the formatloo of air bubbles in the semole cett. samples should be transferred verv

9. Fill one 40mm rectangular glass sample cell with the prepared reference sample and insert into
the sample cellholder, ensuringthe cellis fullyseated in the cettholder
10. Press the blue 0A/100%T button to set the jnstrument to read zero, Once the instrument it
a zeroed. it does not drsplay any resutt{] O.{X}O can be seen in rhe Absorbance box
ll. Remove the reference sample from I'Ie instrument and pour it back into the reference sample
tube
12. Rinse first and then filLthe same rlass semole cell with the test sampte before insertinS into the
rnstrument. Press thatrr'r iiliiliJread tte hydrocarbon content of the test sample in FTU
diredlv from the conal'fikarion b.r
13, At low concentration levels, it is suggested to take 2 or 3 readings for each sample and use an
average as the result
14. lt is advisable to regularly check that the reference sample still reads zero. tf the reading shows
any significant drift, reset the reference byfottowing steps 9 and 10

lnteroretation of Results-All results ere relative to the aefercnce sample. The results are quoted in
formazln turbidity units {FTU), but they a.e nota specmc hydrocarbon concentration.

Samples havlng a .eadlnS of0 by this procedure pass the test

Samplei havlng a .e.rdln8 greater than 0 by thls procedure fall the test

Known lnt€rferences
1. Hazytest samples.
2. The presence ofexcessive detergents

coprlght @L&t [Link]. Ltd. october 2018. aI Rightr [Link].

l&r [Link]. Ltd., Hall [Link] offl..', w€st [Link].m, [Link] Nottinthsmthirc, NG22 ocu, uK
fel- +44lol1771 232 233 Ema .
Page 12 of 20
135909 L&I
954 Chloride in H:O

Ranie 0.2 - 10.0 ppm by weiSht.

[Link] Silve. Nitrate Reasent -2%Silver Nitrate in 20% Nitric [Link]

- Dissolve 10 I ofsilver nitrate in 500 mlof 20% nitric acid. Store this solution in a dark bottle.
- Alternatively, separate solutions oI2% silver nitrate and 20% nitric acid can also be used iust as
successfully.

Proceduae

1. Switch the t&l Wave ll instrument on. After a few seconds and i, all self checks are
accepted, the unit is calibrated and ready for use. A s€reen showingfour files is shown
2. Pressthe button relating to the L I Maritirne proSrams, file number 2
3. Press the bltton (number 5) relating to 954 Chloride in H2O. The test can now be
performed
4. Transfer 25 mloltest sample into an appropriate sample tirbe
5. Add 5 drops ofthe acidified silver nitrate reagent, or futgpsllg[ of 2% silver nitrate and
2096 nitric acid
6. Prepare a reference sample to run concurrently, by following steps 4 and 5 using pure Dl
water. Leave to stand for 15 minutes
7. Fill one 40mm rectan8ular glass sample cell with the prepared reference sample and
insert into the sample cell holder, ensuring the cell is fully seated in the cell holder
8. Press the blue 0A/1O0%T button to set the instrument to read zero. Once the instrument
is zeroed, it does not displav any result, but o.(X)O can be seen in the Absorbenc€ box
9. Remove the reference sample from the instrument and pour it back into the rereren€e
sample tube
10. Rinse first and then fill the same rlass samole aell wrth the test sample before insefting
into the instrument. Press the GRt€N button and read the chloride concentration ol the
test sample directly in ppm from the Concentrutloa box
11. At low concentratioo levels, it is suggested to take 2 or 3 readings for each sample and use
an avera8e as the result
12. lt is recommended to re8ularly check that the reference sample still reads zero. lf the
reading shows any si8nificant drift, resetthe reference by repeating steps 8 and 9

lnterpretation ot Res0lts

The chloride content ofthete*samole in oom, is read dircctlvlrom the instrum€nt.

lnterterences
1. Hazy and / or coloured test samples
2. The presence ofexcessive detergents
3, The presence ofexcessive phosphates
4. The presence ofexcessive water immiscible contaminants {hydrocarbons)

copyrlsht @!&l M.riti6. ltd. october 201a. al Rights Rcsed€d.

l&l [Link] Ltd., Hall farm Offclr, we* [Link].m, Nwad! t{[Link], G22 oGU, Ux
Tel. +44 l0l 1n7 2:t2 253 tmall.
Page 13 of 20
135909 L&I
Washing Water Analysis

The following guidelines are written lo provide a starting point for the analysis of washing water
using the L&lWave ll Spectrophotometer.

lm,oductlon

WashinS water analysis is the opposite oI wall wash analysis, in so much that it is designed to
identiry what has been removed from the cargo tanks durinq the tank cleaninp orocess. rather
than identifying what has been left behind after tank cleaning. Very simply, when there are no
longer any traaes ot the previous cargo in the washing water, tank cleanin! can be stopoed. as
observed in the followinggraph:

2.O

15

,1
minul6s
-30

2500 lmo 350.0

wavelength (nm)

ln all cases, a valid reference sample must be used to set the instrument to zero p or to the stan
ofanalysis. This is Eenerally a sample ofthe washing water (seawateror freshwater) taken directly
Irom the tank cleaning line, before it enters the cargo tankj the theory being that the quality of
the washing water leaving the cargo tank can at best be the same quality as the washing water
enterinS the tank (in which case the analysis resuhs will show no significant activity). lf the
washing water removed from the cargo tank does contain previous cargo residues. it will show up
as positiveactivityonthe instrumentdisplay.

It is very important to take multiple samples in orderto followthe progress ofthe cleaning. One
sampletaken atthe end of a scheduled cleaning plan does not provide scope for optim ising tan k
cleaning procedures, which is one ofthe most signilicant benefitsofthis process.

Washing water samples should ideally be taken froft the vessel's manifold in order to confirm
that both the cargotanks!!d cargo lines are clean.

copyright ot&l Maritime Ltd. ociober 2ma. aI Rlthts [Link].

L&l [Link]. ttd., HallFarrr [Link] Wert [Link], Newark, [Link], NG22OGU, UX.
1.1. a44l0ll777 232253 Em.$.
PaBe 14 of 20
135909
gaslc Prccedura

Washinr water analvsis is carried out in the UV rcdon ofthe liaht soectrum. meaninE the 10mm
path length muit be used for this procedure.

1. Switch the instrument on and press bunon$2 called I I Marltlme Protrans

2. Press button fl6called Wavesc.n
3. Fillthe 10mm quartzElass cellwith the reference water sample and insert intothe faa right
hand side ofthe sample cell holder as in the picture:

4. Press the dark blue 0A/100,6T button to set the indrumentto zero. A blank graph will now be
seen with wavelength in nm across the "x"axis (from 2m- 350nm) and lightabsorbance up the
y axis (from 0- 2.5 absorbance units)

5. Remove the sample celland dispose ofthe reference sample

Marltlnre Ltd. octob€r 2018. all
l&l [Link] ltd., HallFarm Otllcer,
T€t. +44 l0l 1777 232 253
Page 15 of 20
135909 L&I
6. Refillthe sample cell with the washing water sample and replace in the sample cell holder in
the same place that the reference was located
7. Press the GREEN button which starts the scan. A graph will now be seen on the display which
represents the completed uv scan
8- Periodi€ally, repeat steps 3 - 5 in orderto resetthe reference points.

lnteroretation of the data

Unlike other test procedures, the data generated by the instrument provides scope to identify the
precise nature ofthe contaminants found in the washing water samples; not just a "hydrocarbon"
or "PTT" fail. Different chemical Sroups Benerally show up in the same place on the graph, which
allowsthe userto quickly relate the quality ofthe washing water with the previous cargo.

The followin8 Braph shows the most common chemical groups and where they appear in the UV
spectrum:

2.5
c
2.0 a
E
o t
o s
E r.s t b
o
o e
n
3(! 1.0 r
s v
0.5 I

I S
I
UU
2m.0 220.O 240.0 260.0 280.0 3m.o 320.0 340.0

wavelength (nm)
L
-J

copyrltht @L&l Mrritim. Lld. octob€r 2018, all nighB [Link].

L& Manthe Ltd., [Link] fa.m Ofilces, W.n M kh.m, Ns. t Nottinthamshtrc, NG22 OGU, U&
tet, +44lo) 1117 2!2 2t3 Emait.
Page 16 of 20
135909

Hydrocarbons 200 - 24Onm

. ln general, the widerthe peak the longerthe hydrocarbon chain

. Peak width / height is also related to concenthtion otthe hydrocarbon
. Methanol(one carbon) hasthe smallest peak
. Lube / mineral oils and ve8etable oils can produce very wide peaks

pure methanol.
lomm path length cell. reference di water
2.5

o
(.,
2.0

oo 1.5
_pwc
o
oo(t
mdthanol
1.0

0.5

0.0
2m.0 2ZO.O 24o.O 260.0 280.0 3m.0 320.0 340.0
wavelength (nm)

ulsd (shell) in methanol.

lomm path length cell. reference pure methanol
2.5

2.O

1.5
o
o mg/L
(g '1.0
ll
-1002
o
o 0.5
o
0.0
200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0 320.0 340.0
wavelength (nm)
CoprBht Ol&l Ma tlme [Link]. October 2018. All Rlttts Reeerved.
l&l Marlt|m. !td., [Link] [Link] Otfic.s, [Link] M.*hrm, il.w.*, [Link]., NG22 oGU, U(.
rel. +44 (0)1777 232 253
PaBe 77 ol 20
135909

Esters 230 - 240nm

. Most commonly Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAM!)

l00mg/l fame (sbo) in methanol

1.0

o, mg/tin
(J
co -t00 mothanol
lt u5
-_
b
o
Il
o

0.0
2m.0 220.0 240.0 2€O.O 28[}.0 [email protected] 320.0 3&,0
wavelength (nm)

CopyriSht@l&l Maritime Lld. 6ober 201E. All Rlthts Reservcd,

L&l [Link] ltd., [Link] [Link], Wlti [Link], Newarlr [Link]€, NG22 oGU, U&
Tel, +44 l0) u77 232 253 Enait.
Page 18 of 20
135909

Aromatics 240 - 270nm

. Any product containing the benzene ring

100 mg/l benzene in methanol.

1omm path length cell. reference pure methanol

ID
(,
co
€o o.o mg/L
-104.5
IlG

00
200.0 220.0 240.0 260.0 280.0 300.0 320.0 340 0
wavelength (nm)

1omg/l styrene monom.r in methanol.

'lomm path length cell. reference pure methanol

10.20 mg/L
-

200.0 2?0.0 240.0 260 0 280.0 300.0 320.0 3,O.0

wavelength (nm)

CopyriSht gl&l [Link] Ltd. October 20la. All Rights [Link].d.

L&l [Link] Ltd., Hall Far Offies, WEst M.rl6am, [Link] Xottinghamshlre, ltc22 oGU, UK.
Tel. +rl4lo) 1777232253 Email.
Page 19 ot 20
135909

Ca6onyls 270 - 285nm

Any product containin8 the C=O group

Fatty acids ranging from acetic acid to vegetable oils
Aldehydes and l(etones

1000mg/l csfo in methanol

1.0

(, 0. 75
o mothanol
E
G
I) ( 5
0.
o
o
oo
0..25
.2

,0
2irc.0 260.0 280.0 3m.0
wavelength (nm)

CoPYrltht @L&r Marilim€ Ltd. odobcr 2018. Allil8hts Re*ryed.

t&l i/larltime ltd., Hall F.m olflcs, wert MarLhaft, [Link]! Not ryhamshk., NG22 oGU, ux.
fel. +44 lol t7r7 232 253
PaBe 20 of 20
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