Class 9 — All Important Formulas & Rules
1. Basic Algebra Rules
a × b = ab
a × (−b) = −ab
(−a) × (−b) = ab
am × an = am+n
am
= am−n
an
(am )n = amn
(ab)m = am bm
a m am
= m
b b
2. Algebraic Identities
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
(a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3
(a − b)3 = a3 − 3a2 b + 3ab2 − b3
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2 )
a3 − b3 = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2 )
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
3. Geometry – 2D Shapes
Square: Area = a2 , Perimeter = 4a
Rectangle: Area = l × b, Perimeter = 2(l + b)
1
Triangle: Area = 2
× base × height
Triangle: Perimeter = a + b + c (where a, b, c are side lengths)
√
3 2
Equilateral triangle: Area = 4
a,
Perimeter = 3a
p
a+b+c
Heron’s formula: s = 2
, Area = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
Parallelogram: Area = b × h, Perimeter = 2(a + b)
Trapezium: Area = 12 (a + b) × h
Rhombus: Area = 12 d1 d2
1
4. Circle Formulas
Area = πr2
Circumference = 2πr
Diameter = 2r
22
π ≈ 3.14 or
7
5. Geometry – Angle Properties
Sum of angles of a triangle = 180◦
Sum of angles of a quadrilateral = 360◦
(n − 2) × 180◦
Each interior angle of regular n-gon =
n
◦
Diagonals of a rhombus bisect at 90
Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal
6. Mensuration – 3D Shapes (including Lateral / Curved
Surface Areas)
Cube: Volume = a3 , TSA = 6a2 , LSA (lateral) = 4a2
Cuboid: Volume = l × b × h, TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl),
LSA (lateral) = 2h(l + b) (excluding top and bottom)
Cylinder: Volume = πr2 h, CSA (curved) = 2πrh, TSA = 2πr(h + r)
Cone: Volume = 31 πr2 h, LSA / CSA = πrl, TSA = πr(l + r)
√
(where l = r2 + h2 is the slant height)
Prism: LSA = (perimeter of base) × h = Pbase × h
TSA = LSA + 2(area of base), Volume = (area of base) × h
Pyramid: LSA = 21 (perimeter of base) × l = 21 Pbase × l
TSA = LSA + (area of base), Volume = 13 (area of base) × h
(where l is slant height)
Hemisphere: Volume = 23 πr3 , CSA (curved) = 2πr2 , TSA (including base) = 3πr2
Sphere: Volume = 34 πr3 , Surface Area = 4πr2 (no lateral surface)
