Complete Trigonometric Formulas for Class 12
1. Compound Angle Formulas
sin(A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos(A ± B) = cos A cos B ■ sin A sin B
tan(A ± B) = (tan A ± tan B) / (1 ■ tan A tan B)
2. Double Angle Formulas
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
cos 2A = cos²A - sin²A = 2cos²A - 1 = 1 - 2sin²A
tan 2A = 2tan A / (1 - tan²A), tan A ≠ ±1
3. Triple Angle Formulas
sin 3A = 3 sin A - 4 sin³A
cos 3A = 4 cos³A - 3 cos A
tan 3A = (3tan A - tan³A) / (1 - 3tan²A)
4. Half Angle Formulas
sin²(A/2) = (1 - cos A) / 2
cos²(A/2) = (1 + cos A) / 2
tan(A/2) = sin A / (1 + cos A) = (1 - cos A) / sin A
5. Product-to-Sum Formulas
sin A sin B = ½[cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)]
cos A cos B = ½[cos(A - B) + cos(A + B)]
sin A cos B = ½[sin(A + B) + sin(A - B)]
6. Sum-to-Product Formulas
sin A + sin B = 2 sin((A+B)/2) cos((A-B)/2)
sin A - sin B = 2 cos((A+B)/2) sin((A-B)/2)
cos A + cos B = 2 cos((A+B)/2) cos((A-B)/2)
cos A - cos B = -2 sin((A+B)/2) sin((A-B)/2)
7. Square Identities
sin²A = (1 - cos 2A)/2
cos²A = (1 + cos 2A)/2
tan²A = (1 - cos 2A)/(1 + cos 2A)
8. Other Useful Identities
sin²A + cos²A = 1
1 + tan²A = sec²A
1 + cot²A = csc²A
9. Inverse Trigonometric Definitions
sin■¹x : y = sin■¹x ⇔ sin y = x, -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2
cos■¹x : y = cos■¹x ⇔ cos y = x, 0 ≤ y ≤ π
tan■¹x : y = tan■¹x ⇔ tan y = x, -π/2 < y < π/2
cot■¹x : y = cot■¹x ⇔ cot y = x, 0 < y < π
sec■¹x : y = sec■¹x ⇔ sec y = x, y ∈ [0,π], y≠π/2
csc■¹x : y = csc■¹x ⇔ csc y = x, y ∈ [-π/2,π/2], y≠0
10. Basic Identities
sin■¹x + cos■¹x = π/2, x ∈ [-1,1]
tan■¹x + cot■¹x = π/2, x ∈ ■
sec■¹x + csc■¹x = π/2, |x| ≥ 1
11. Negative Angle Relations
sin■¹(-x) = -sin■¹x
tan■¹(-x) = -tan■¹x
cos■¹(-x) = π - cos■¹x
cot■¹(-x) = π - cot■¹x
sec■¹(-x) = π - sec■¹x
csc■¹(-x) = -csc■¹x
12. Conversion Formulas
tan■¹(1/x) = π/2 - tan■¹x, x>0
tan■¹(1/x) = -π/2 - tan■¹x, x<0
cot■¹(1/x) = tan■¹x, x>0
sin■¹x = tan■¹(x/√(1-x²)), |x|<1
cos■¹x = tan■¹(√(1-x²)/x), x>0
tan■¹x + tan■¹y = tan■¹((x+y)/(1-xy)), xy<1
tan■¹x - tan■¹y = tan■¹((x-y)/(1+xy))
13. Special Values
sin■¹1 = π/2, sin■¹0 = 0, sin■¹(-1) = -π/2
cos■¹1 = 0, cos■¹0 = π/2, cos■¹(-1) = π
tan■¹1 = π/4, tan■¹0 = 0, tan■¹(-1) = -π/4
