BUILDING DRAWING
The drawing is the language of the engineers.
This language is expressed not inwords but in
the shape of lines and figures. The shape of lines
and figuresevery where in the world have got the
same meaning.
The main aim of building drawing is to give
sufficient information by the designer to the construction
engineer.
I M P O RTA N C E O F C I V I L E N G I N E E R I N G D R AW I N G
Designing the components of the proposed product
Size and shape of product
Final dimensions.
Estimate material
Prepare alternative design
Supervision
Checking and approving parts
Valuation purpose
Line Sketch
• The first sketch drawn
• Line representation of building
• Free hand drawing
• Drawn in presence of clients
Line plan (Single line plan)
An owner’s requirement changes with his needs.
Therefore, before preparing the plan, preparing a line plan
is important. Alternative line plans would give scope for
comparing by changes in the size
of some rooms.
1. Layout Drawing (Site Plan)
Shows the arrangement of the building on the plot of
land. It ensures proper placement as per by-laws
(setbacks, orientation, road access).
Contents:
Plot boundary and dimensions
Building footprint
Roads, pathways, parking, landscaping
Orientation (north direction)
Water supply, drainage, entry/exit points
Example:(Site boundary with a rectangle marked
“Building” inside, driveway, garden, and north arrow.)
2. Architectural Drawing
Communicates the design and aesthetics of the
building. Prepared by architects.
Contents:
Floor plans (room layout, walls, doors, windows,
furniture)
Elevations (front/side views with height and façade
details)
Sections (cut-through views to show inside details like
stairs, floor height)
Finishing details (flooring, paint, cladding, false ceiling)
Example: A floor plan showing rooms labeled "Living",
"Bedroom", "Kitchen", with doors/windows marked; an
elevation showing the façade with windows and roof.
Plan
The plan of the building gives
the general alignment or
location of differentrooms of
the building. Plan draw in
building drawing is not simply
the top seen from the top of
the building. The building is
imagined to be cut by a
horizontal plane at the sill of
the window.
Upper portion is removed
on a horizontal plane below
the building will be known
as plan.
Elevation
Elevations are orthographic projections of abuilding
produced by its architect or designer.
Section :-
A cross-section showing a slice through the wall gives
builders, joiners and roofers a great deal ofinformation
about how the house should be built,
Sections can be shown through any part of the
building and normally a scale of 1:20 is used. The
local building control department needs sectional
views and floor plans to assess the quality of
construction design.
3. Structural Drawing
Guides engineers and contractors in constructing the
load-bearing framework of the building. Prepared by
structural engineers.
Contents:
Foundation plan (footing layout, sizes, reinforcements)
Column layout plan
Beam and slab reinforcement details
Roof slab and staircase structural details
Example:(Grid lines with columns marked at
intersections, beam lines connecting columns,
reinforcement bars indicated with symbols.)
Beam Column Layout
4. Utility (Service) Drawings
Shows the layout of building services (mechanical,
electrical, plumbing, fire safety).
Types:
Electrical drawings → wiring, switchboards, lighting,
power layout
Plumbing drawings → water supply, sewerage,
drainage, septic/inspection chambers
HVAC drawings → ducts, vents, air conditioning system
Fire safety drawings → hydrant points, sprinklers,
alarm system
Example:(A floor plan with blue lines for water pipes,
red lines for electrical circuits, and green ducts for
ventilation.)
SOME OTHER TYPES OF CIVIL E N G I N E E R I N G
DRAWING
Index map
Key map
Topographical map
Village map
Site plan
Layout plan
Preliminary drawing
Working drawing
Large scale drawing
Enlarge scale drawing
I N D E X MAP
Location of building
Important details
Numbered area
Located at entrance
K E Y PLAN
They have:
To know the
location
To connecting
routes
To use selecting
most approximate
routes
Sometime distance
shown
sometime high
lighted by color
TO P O G R A P H I C A L MAP
Information about
project like..
Contours,hill,valley
,ponds,important
places,bridges etc…
Prepared by
department of
survey of india.
Useful for army so
easily not available
Provide important
preliminary
information for
project
V I L L A G E MAP(TOWN S U RV E Y MAP)
Information about
project like..
Road,street
light,telphone
lines,water supply &
drainage lines,gas
lines…
Prepared map
showing
Main road
Village area
Pond
Surveynos
Rivers
Hills
Well knownplaces
SITE PLAN
Showing following details
of plot
Shape and size ofbuilding
Building in plot
Lengths of sides of plot
Survey no of plot
Margins
Area of plot
North line
Trees in plot
Drainageline
Water supply line
Compound wall
L AYO U T P L A N
Plan drawn to scale showing
arrangement of details
with respect to one
another as well as with
respect to the unit as
whole is called layout
plan.
Shows in layout plan…
Dimensions ofbuildings
Roadwidths, street lights
Open spaces between
buildings
Subplot
Buildings inplots
Machines in factory
Furniture inroom
P R E L I M I N A R Y D R A W I N G MAP
It is not desirable to prepare detailed drawing till the proposed
designs is final.
Saves time &labour
Hence line diagrams are shown to the owner till he issatisfied
with design.
For initial stage ofwork
WO R K I N G
DRAWINGS(G.F.,F.F.,SECTION,ETC..)
It is prepared from the preliminary drawings approved by
owner for purpose of execution work.
Included details.
All details
Dimensions
Brief specifications
Notes
Terrace plan
Drainage & water supply lines
Site plan
Area table
Signatures of owner, engineer & authority
Useful for
Loans
Insurance
Make document for court
Fixing rate…
WO R K I N G DRAWING(G.F. & F.F.
PLAN)
WO R K I N G DRAWING(C/S)
L A RG E S C A L E D R AW I N G S
Details give…
Details of
foundation
Doors
Windows
Kitchen details
Arrangement of
furniture
Rcc components
E N L A R G E S C A L E D R AW I N GS
Details of joints in
carpentry work,
dimensions &
details of aldrop
bolt, tower bolt or
different types of
valves, handles etc.
can not be given
even in large
scales.
