IT APPLICATION IN BUSINESS REVIEWER

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

 Programs design to perform specific task that support user activities.

 It helps productivity and efficiency in both personal and professional settings.
 Subset of software focused on user interaction.
 Not all software is application, but applications are software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE- manages the computer.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE- helps users to do task.

USES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 Create and edit document

 Perform calculations and manage data
 Communicate through email or video calls
 Browse the internet
 Edit photos and video
 Play media
 Manage projects and teamwork

USES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 Productivity Applications- tools for task like word, spreadsheets, presentation etc.…
 Creativity Design Applications- programs for graphic design and video editing etc..
 Communication and Collaboration tools- Web browsing, instant messaging etc.
 Entertainment and Leisure Applications- gaming, media playback social media.
 Business and Organization Software- system for ERP, CRM, accounting, and HR management.
 Other uses- Education, healthcare, security, and utilities.

TYPES AND KINDS OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

1. Word processing software- used for creating, editing, and formatting text document.
2. Spreadsheet Software- used for organizing and analyzing data in rows and columns, performing calculations and creating
arts.
3. Presentation Software- create slideshows with text, images, and other multimedia elements.
4. Web Browsers- used to access and navigate the internet, allowing users to view web pages and interact with online
content.
5. Database Software- to store, manage and retrieve large amounts of data.
6. Multimedia Software- creating, editing, and playing multimedia content like audio, video, and images.
7. Communication Software- sending and receiving messages, making calls, and collaboration with others.
8. Graphic Software- creating, manipulating images and graphics.
9. Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP)- manage and integrate various business processes, such as accounting and human
resources, and supply chain management.
10. Costumer Relation Management (CRM)- manage interactions with current and potential customers.
11. Project Management Software- to plan, organize, and track the progress of projects.
12. Educational Software- Used to deliver educational content provide training and assess learning.
13. Gaming Software- for playing video games
14. CAD/CAM Software- in engineering and design for creating 2D and 3D models.

15. 1960- First application software was built

16. After 2008- the word (APP) become popular
SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 Makes computer device work

 Controls and manages the hardware, like keyboards, etc. also allows other software (games or apps)
 Without system software, a computer can’t work, because there would be no way for the hardware and program to
communicate

OTHER TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Utility programs like, antivirus software, disk cleanup tools, and etc,..

System software is used to manage a computer's basic functions, including the disk OS, file management utility software, OSes,
application software and hardware. It runs in the background, maintaining the computer's basic functions so users can run higher-
level application software to perform certain tasks.

System software examples include operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux, as well as device drivers, firmware, and
utilities like antivirus software. These programs manage computer hardware and provide a platform for application software.

System software is crucial for the functioning of any computer system because it acts as the intermediary between the hardware
and application software. It manages the computer's resources, enabling users to interact with the system and run other programs.
Without system software, computers would be unable to perform basic tasks or support the applications we use daily.

5 TYPES of System Software

1. OPERATING SOFTWARE- Operating software (OS) is essential system software that manages computer hardware and
resources. Companies like Apple, Microsoft, and Linux develop popular operating systems, including Windows 10 Pro,
Windows 11, macOS, and Ubuntu.
2. UTILITY SOFTWARE- Utility software includes various tools for troubleshooting and diagnosing system issues. It helps
identify and fix errors in the computer.
3. DEVICE DRIVERS- Device drivers connect peripheral devices to the computer, enabling communication between hardware
and the OS E.g.: keyboards and mouse
4. FIRMWARE- Firmware is software embedded in hardware components to help the operating system recognize and manage
those.
5. E.g: RAM, ROM
6. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR- These tools convert high-level programming languages into machine code,
making it easier for programmers to write and execute code. E.g: C++, Python, and PHP

The first computer bug was literally a bug! In 1947, a moth got stuck in a relay of the Harvard Mark II computer, causing it to
malfunction. Grace Hopper, a pioneer in computer programming, documented the incident, and the term "bug" became a common
term for computer glitches.

Closed System

A Closed System is a system that does not interact with its external environment. It works independently, using only internal data
and resources, with no input or output from outside sources. It’s a system whose user access is controlled by the same people
responsible for its content.

Characteristics of Closed System

Closed Systems are secure, does work on its own, and consisent. They don’t receive feedback from outside, and their functions are
fixed. This makes them reliable but less flexible.

Closed Systems in Business- Businesses use closed systems when they need strict control and high security. These systems are
common in banking, payroll, and other areas where data protection is important.

More Details
 • Closed systems can be physically isolated (no network access) or logically isolated (limited access rules).

• Some closed systems are proprietary, meaning only the company that built them can change them.

• Many older techs are closed because they were built before open systems was common.

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

A Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can:

1. Accept data (input)

2. Process the data according to specified rules,
3. Produce information (output)
4. And store information for future use.

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve and process data.

FUNTIONS OF COMPUTER
BUSINESS?”
1. Input Function
2. Processing Data
3. Storing Data
4. Output Function

5. software and digital

solutions used by
1. INPUT DATA - Input is the process of entering any type of data and instructions into a computer system by using the input
devices such as a Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, etc, in order to receive user signals to the computer.

We use such input devices to input the data into the computer by typing the words and sentences through the keyboard, by
controlling the mouse cursor and clicking the buttons through the mice, recording the audio and video through microphone and
camera, etc.

By using these input devices, we can perform the basic tasks in computer-like calculations, viewing the images and videos, listening
to the audios, preparing the PPT documents, browsing the Internet. In fact, all the basic functions of a computer user are initiated by
inputting the data into the computer through input devices.

This processing function is the 2nd step that offers the process and handling of the input data instructed by the user. To process the
user input data computer needs a’ Central Processing Unit‘ (CPU).

The computer CPU, of course, is primarily obliged to entire process data of the computer. The CPU takes data and instructions from
the input devices and performs all types of calculations based on the instructions given.

It consists of manipulating the data in different ways, performing calculations, modifying the instructions, coding, and executing the
actions. All this process is done on the motherboard with the help of the processor, power supply unit and RAM presented in the
CPU.
STORING DATA. The computer must store the data permanently so that it is available while processing data temporarily. The
function of data storage is an important component for the proper functioning of computer systems.

Basically, there are two types of storage in the CPU of a Computer – One is RAM (used for processing the input data temporarily )
and the second is ROM (used to store processed data permanently).

The computer must need both RAM and ROM for functioning the entire computer system present in the CPU. RAM has low memory
temporarily while ROM has a large storage capacity for storing all the large data, information, video, images, documents, and
software in the computer permanently.

RAM and ROM have a great capacity to store data that would be pointless in the event that they are unable to recover them rapidly
and without any problem. In such a manner, the computer offers us the possibility of immediately and accurately assessing any data
that we have previously saved on it.

The fourth and last function of the computer is the OUPUT FUNCTION that means the results generated by the computer once the
processing of CPU is completed, based on the instruction given by the user.

The output is in the form of documents, videos, audio, graphs, images, etc. that you see from the output devices such as computer
monitor, printer, speakers, headphones, screen projector, etc.

Thus, now all the results are displayed on your computer screen. In this way, we are able to work with computer-like sending
messages, emails, chatting, and receive notifications, even errors also are displayed by the monitor as an output.

The above all are the basic and significant functions of computers for completing everyday tasks from simple tasks like word
processing, paint, recording videos, PPT to complicated tasks like playing games, videos, graphic designing, etc.

The process of moving data between a computer and the external components of the computer is called the I/O process.

In Simple Words, the working of a computer mainly :

Step 1. Accepting the data from Input Devices – Like Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone.

Step 2. Transfer data to RAM memory in the CPU.

Step 3. Processing. Analyzing and Storing the data as per instructions.

Step 4. At last, after the process sending the results to the Output Devices – Like Monitor, Printer, Speakers.

In short, The information and data are given to computers using Input devices. The input device accepts and transfers the data to the
CPU. After that, the data is handled or processed by the CPU and stored in the Memory of the Computer. And in this way, we get the
output results of our instructions through Output Devices.

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

(ANY KIND OF COMPUTER IS CONSISTS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE)

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the
physical parts or components of a computer such as :

Computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of
which are physical objects that can be touched.

Input Device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment to provide data and control signals to an information
processing system such as a computer or other information appliance.

Input device Translate data from form that humans understand to one that the computer can work with. Most common are
keyboard and mouse

An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by
an information processing system (such as a computer) which converts the electronically generated information into human-
readable form
Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU is brain of a computer. It is responsible for all functions and processes. Regarding computing
power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system

The CPU is comprised of three main parts :

* Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Executes all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic calculations like as addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers, letters, or special characters

* Control Unit (CU): controls and co-ordinates computer components.

1. Read the code for the next instruction to be executed.

2. Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction.

3. Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory.

4. Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.

5. If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested
operation.

Registers : Stores the data that is to be executed next, "very fast storage area".

STORAGE DEVICES

Primary Memory:

1. RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory scheme within the computer system responsible for storing data on a
temporary basis, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile in nature, which means that
data will be erased once supply to the storage device is turned off. RAM stores data randomly and the processor accesses these data
randomly from the RAM storage. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know
the row and column that intersect at that cell.

2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays active regardless of whether power supply to it is
turned on or off. ROM devices do not allow data stored on them to be modified.

Secondary Memory:-

Stores data and programs permanently :its retained after the power is turned off

1. Hard drive (HD): A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that store and provides
relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

2. Optical Disk: an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light as part of the process of reading or writing data to or
from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders, also called
burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by
such drives. Optical drive is the generic name; drives are usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Bluray", followed by "drive", "writer",
etc. There are three main types of optical media: CD, DVD, and Blu-ray disc. CDs can store up to 700 megabytes (MB) of data and
DVDs can store up to 8.4 GB of data. Blu-ray discs, which are the newest type of optical media, can store up to 50 GB of data. This
storage capacity is a clear advantage over the floppy disk storage media (a magnetic media), which only has a capacity of 1.44 MB.

3. Flash Disk A storage module made of flash memory chips. A Flash disks have no mechanical platters or access arms, but the term
"disk" is used because the data are accessed as if they were on a hard drive. The disk storage structure is emulated.