x CONTENTS
5.4 Methods for measuring preferences 136
5.5 Multi-attribute health status classi!cation systems with preference
scores 144
5.6 Mapping between non-preference-based measures of health and
generic preference-based measures 162
5.7 Whose values should be used to value health states? 164
5.8 Criticisms of QALYs 166
5.9 Further reading 170
6 Measuring and valuing effects: consumption bene!ts of health
care 181
6.1 Some basics 181
6.2 Assigning money values to the outcomes of health care
programmes 182
6.3 What might we mean by willingness to pay (WTP)? 187
6.4 Pragmatic measurement issues in willingness to pay (WTP) 194
6.5 Exercise: designing a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey for a new
treatment for ovarian cancer 197
6.6 Other stated preference approaches: discrete choice experiments
(DCEs) 199
6.7 Valuation of health effects for health policy decisions 206
6.8 Further reading 211
7 Cost analysis 219
7.1 Some basics 219
7.2 Allowance for differential timing of costs (discounting and the
annuitization of capital expenditures) 241
7.3 Productivity changes 245
7.4 Exercise: costing alternative radiotherapy treatments 250
7.5 Concluding remarks 255
Annex 7.1 Tutorial on methods of measuring and valuing capital costs 258
Annex 7.2 Discount tables 262
8 Using clinical studies as vehicles for economic evaluation 267
8.1 Introduction to vehicles for economic evaluation 267
8.2 Alternative vehicles for economic evaluation 267
8.3 Analytical issues with individual patient data 288
8.4 Conclusions 305
8.5 Exercise 306
9 Economic evaluation using decision-analytic modelling 311
9.1 Some basics 311
9.2 The role of decision-analytic models for economic evaluation 312
9.3 Key elements of decision-analytic modelling 323
