PES University, Bangalore
(Established Under Karnataka Act 16 of 2013)
Department of Science and Humanities
Engineering Mathematics - I
(UE25MA141A)
Assignment
Unit - 1: Partial Differentiation
Problems on partial derivatives
1. Find the first order partial derivatives of the following:
2 +y 2
(i) u = tan−1 xx+y (ii) u = cos−1 xy .
x2 +2xy−y 2
Answer: ∂u
∂x
= ; ∂u
(x+y)2 +(x2 +y 2 )2 ∂y
= √ x2 .
y y −x2
3 3
∂ u
2. If u = xy , show that ∂x∂ 2 u∂y = ∂x∂y∂x
2
∂3u ∂ ∂ u ∂
Answer: ∂x2 ∂y = ∂x ∂x∂y = ∂x [xy−1 (y log x + 1)].
3. If u = log(x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3xyz), show that
2
∂ ∂ ∂ 9
(i) ∂x + ∂y + ∂z u = − (x+y+z)2.
∂2u ∂2u ∂2u 2
∂ u ∂ u 2 ∂ u 2 9
(ii) ∂x2
+ ∂y 2
+ ∂z 2
+ 2 ∂y∂z + 2 ∂z∂x + 2 ∂x∂y = − (x+y+z)2.
r2
4. If θ = tn e− 4t , find the value of n which will make 1 ∂
r2 ∂θ ∂θ
r2 ∂r ∂r
= ∂t
.
r2 3 r2
Answer: 4t
− 2
=n+ 4t
=⇒ n = − 32 .
2
x2 2 2 ∂u 2 ∂u 2
+ y + z ∂u
= 2 x ∂u ∂u ∂u
5. If a2 +u b2 +u c2 +u
= 1, then prove that ∂x
+ ∂y
+ ∂z ∂x
+ y ∂y
+ z ∂z
.
Total derivative, Implicit function, Chain rule
dy d2 y
6. If x3 + y 3 − 3axy = 0, find dx
and dx 2.
dy 2 −3ay ay−x2
Answer: dx = − 3x
3y 2 −3ax
= y 2 −ax
d2 y 2a3 xy
dx2
= (ax−y 2 )3
dy
7. Find dx when (cos x)y = (sin y)x .
dy y tan x+log sin y
Answer: dx = log cos x−x cot y
du
8. If u = x log(xy), where x3 + y 3 + 3xy = [Link] dx
du x x2 +y
Answer: dx
= 1 + log(xy) − y
· y 2 +x
du
9. If u = x3 + y 3 where x = a cos t, y = b sin t, find dt
and verify the result.
Answer: du
dt
= −3a3 cos2 t sin t + 3b3 sin2 t cos t.
10. If z = f (x, y) where x = eu cos v and y = eu sin v, show that
∂z ∂z ∂z
(i) y ∂u + x ∂v = e2u ∂y .
2 h i
∂z 2 ∂z −2u ∂z 2 ∂z 2
(ii) ∂x
+ ∂y
= e ∂u
+ ∂v
11. If u = u(y − z, z − x, x − y), prove that ∂u
∂x
+ ∂u
∂y
+ ∂u
∂z
= 0.
y−x z−x
12. If u = u xy , xz , show that x2 ∂u ∂x
+ y 2 ∂u
∂y
+ z 2 ∂u
∂z
= 0.
13. If w = f (x, y), x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ, show that
2
∂w 2 1 ∂w 2 ∂f 2 ∂f
∂r
+ r 2 ∂θ
= ∂x
+ ∂y
.
Homogeneous Function and Euler’s Theorem
x1/3 +y 1/3
14. Verify Euler’s theorem for the function z = x1/2 +y 1/2
.
Hindt z is homogeneous function of degree − 61 .
15. If u = cos−1 √x+y
√
x+ y
, show that x ∂u
∂x
+ y ∂u
∂y
+ 12 cot u = 0.
16. If u = sin −1 √x+2y+3z , show that x ∂u
∂x
+ y ∂u
∂y
+ z ∂u
∂z
+ 3 tan u = 0.
x8 +y 8 +z 8
x3 +y 3
17. If u = tan−1 x−y
, prove that (i) x ∂u
∂x
+ y ∂u
∂y
= sin 2u
2 2 2
(ii) x2 ∂∂xu2 + 2xy ∂x∂y
∂ u
+ y 2 ∂∂yu2 = 2 cos 3u sin u.
2 ∂2u 2
18. If u = sin−1 √x+y √
x+ y
, Prove that x2 ∂∂xu2 + 2xy ∂x∂y + y 2 ∂∂yu2 = − sin4 ucoscos 2u
3u .
2
Taylor Series and Maclaurin Series for a function of two variables f (x, y)
19. Expand ex sin y in ascending powers of x and y.
Answer: ex sin y = 0 + [x · 0 + y · 1] + 2!1 [x2 · 0 + 2xy · 1 + y 2 · 0] + 3!1 [x3 · 0 + 3x2 y ·
1 + 3xy 2 · 0 + y 3 · (−1)] + . . .
⇒ ex sin y = y + xy + 12 x2 y − 16 y 3 + . . .
20. Expand tan−1 xy in the neighbourhood of (1, 1) up to the second degree [Link] compute
f(1.1, 0.9) approximately.
−1 y
π 1
1
Answer: tan x
= 4
+ (x − 1) · − 2
+ (y − 1) · 2
+ 2!1 (x − 1)2 · − 21 + 2(x − 1)(y − 1) · 0 + (y − 1)2 · − 12
1
− 12 [(x − 1)3 + 3(x − 1)2 (y − 1) − 3(x − 1)(y − 1)2 − (y − 1)3 ] + . . . f (1.1, 0.9) =
π
4
− 2 (0.1)+ 12 (−0.1)+ 14 (0.1)2 − 41 (−0.1)2 − 12
1 1
[(0.1)3 + 3(0.1)2 (−0.1) − 3(0.1)(−0.1)2 − (−0.1)3 ]+
. . . = 0.6857 approximately.
21. Expand x2 y + 3y − 2 in powers of (x − 1) and (y + 2) using Taylor’s Theorem.
x2 y + 3y − 2 = −10 − 4(x − 1) + 4(y + 2) − 2(x − 1)2 + 2(x − 1)(y + 2) + (x − 1)2 (y + 2).
Maxima and Minima of a function of two variables f (x, y)
22. Test the function f (x, y) = x3 y 2 (6−x−y) for maxima and minima for points not at the origin.
Answer: (3, 2) is the only stationary point under consideration. f(x, y) has a maximum value a
(3, 2).
23. Examine for minimum and maximum values: f (x, y) = sin x + sin y + sin(x + y).
Answer: f (x, y) has a maximum value at π3 , π3 . √ √ √ √
Maximum value = f π3 , π3 = sin π3 + sin π3 + sin 2π = 23 + 23 + 23 = 3 2 3 .
3
Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers
24. Find the maximum and minimum distances of the point (3, 4, 12) from the sphere
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
3 4 12
Anser: P 13 , 13 , 13 is at a minimum distance from A(3, 4, 12) and the minimum distance
3 4
= 12. Q − 13 , − 13 , − 12
13
is at a maximum distance from A(3, 4, 12) and the maximum distance
= 14.
25. Show that the rectangular solid of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
given sphere is a cube.
