EEE361
Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
Course Instructor
Arnab Saha
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE,
Canadian University of Bangladesh
1. Vector Analysis and
Coordinate system
1.1 Vector Algebra
1.1.1 Vector operations
A scalar has a magnitude (mass, time, temperature, charge).
A vector has a magnitude (its length) and a direction.
A
Examples: velocity, force, momentum, field strength.
Boldface letters denote vectors.
Unit vectors are denoted by nˆ , aˆ
A -A
Vectors have no location.
Vector field A(r)
addition of two vectors: A+B
multiplication by a scalar: aA
dot product (scalar, inner): A B AB cos
Example work
W F (r2 r1 )
AB BA
A B AB if parallel
AB 0 if perpendicular
Example 1.1
cross product (vector, outer): A B AB sin nˆ
n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the AB-plane.
A, B, nˆ form a right-handed system. B A A B
AB
A, B, nˆ
is the area of the
parallelogram.
Example: angular momentum
AA 0 L r p
1.1.2 Component Form
A Ax xˆ Ay yˆ Az zˆ
basis: xˆ , yˆ , zˆ components: Ax , Ay , Az
nˆ i Ai i 1,2,3 1: x, 2: y, 3: z Ai ni A
common notation: A Ax , Ay , Az
Properties of the basis
nˆ i nˆ j ij ,
ij 0 if i j, 0 if i j Kronecker
symbol
nˆ 1 nˆ 2 nˆ 3 cyclic 123 231 312
3
( A B)i Ai Bi aA (aAi )ni
i 1
3
A B Ai Bi
i 1
xˆ yˆ zˆ 3
C A B Ax Ay Az or Ci
j ,k 1
ijk Aj Bk
Bx By Bz
ijk 1 if ijk 123,231,312
1 if 132,213,321
0 else
Example 1.2
Example 1.3
Example 1.4
The vertices of a triangle are given:
A(6,−1,2)A(6, -1, 2)A(6,−1,2),
B(2,−3,−4)B(2, -3, -4)B(2,−3,−4),
C(−3,1,5)C(-3, 1, 5)C(−3,1,5).
We need to find:
R⃗ BA (vector from BBB to AAA),
R⃗CA (vector from CCC to AAA),
The angle θ_BAC at vertex A,
The projection of R⃗BA onto R⃗CA.
Solution of 1.4
Solution of 1.4 (Continued)
Solution of 1.4 (Continued)
Example 1.5
Solution of 1.5
Solution of 1.5(Continued)
Solution of 1.5(Continued)
Coordinate System
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Cylindrical Coordinate System
