Chapter 7 : Transverse Shear
What is This Chapter About?
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Transverse Shear Stress
▪ The shear V is the result of a transverse shear-stress distribution that acts over the
beam’s cross section. This stress will create corresponding longitudinal shear
stresses which will act along longitudinal planes of the beam
Boards not bonded together: The boards will slide
relative to one another when the beam deflects.
Boards bonded together: The longitudinal shear
stresses acting between the boards will prevent
their relative sliding, and consequently the beam
will act as a single unit.
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Transverse Shear Stress
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Transverse Shear Stress
Typical shear failure of this wooden beam
occurred through the approximate center
The shear stress distribution of its cross section due to wood's low
resistance to shear along its longitudinal
direction
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Shear Stress Equilibrium
Force Equilibrium on the Pure Shear Element
Force Equilibrium in z-direction :
Moment about x-direction :
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Transverse Shear Stress
detach the element (2 vertical and 1 horizontal
cuts)
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Transverse Shear
Q
First area moment wrt to the neutral axis
The horizontal shear per length is defined
as shear flow.
Shear Flow
I: the centroid moment of inertia of the
entire cross-sectional area.
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Transverse Shear
Same results can be obtained from the lower counterpart.
Q is maximum for y1=0, since the
elements of the cross section located
above NA contribute positively.
The elements below NA contribute
negatively.
The sum of two moments is zero (the moment of the area of the entire cross
section with respect to the centroid.
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Example 1
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Example 1
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Transverse Shear Stress
Shear Stress Distribution
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Transverse Shear Stress
Typical shear failure of this wooden beam
occurred through the approximate center
The shear stress distribution of its cross section due to wood's low
resistance to shear along its longitudinal
direction
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Transverse Shear Stress
zero
UPPER FACE OF THE BEAM
No forces are exerted on this face.
No forces are exerted on this face.
LOWER FACE OF THE BEAM
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Example 2
Determine the average shear stress in each
joint at section n-n?
❑ 3 planks are glued to each other.
❑ The width of each glue is 20 mm.
❑ The centroidal moment of inertia
I=8.63*10^(-6) m4.
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Example 2
Joint A
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Example 2
Joint B
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Example 3
Determine :
(a) the largest shearing stress in the section shown,
(b) the shearing stress at point a.
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Example 3
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Shear Stress in Common Types of Beams
Shear Stress Distribution
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Shear Stress Distribution for Wide-Flange Beam
The discontinuities are due to the difference between the values
of t corresponding to the flanges (ABGD and A’B’G’D’) and to the
web (EFE’F’).
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Example 4
Plot the shear-stress distribution acting
over the beam’s cross-sectional area?
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Example 4
These results are not accurate due to sharp cross section change (stress concentration)!
At neutral axis (point C) :
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Example 4
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Shear Stress in Thin-Walled Members
The equations we derived so far will be used to
calculate the average shearing stress in thin-
walled members such as the flanges of wide
flange beams.
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Shear Stress Distributions for Beams
Wide-flange Beam
Half Pipe Beam
Box Beam
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Shear Flow Diagrams
V
Constant in any given section
I
Box Beam Wide-flange Beam
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Example 5
Determine the shearing forces in the nails (a) at A, (b) at B.
❑ The built-up wooden beam is subjected to a
vertical shear force, 8kN.
❑ The nails are spaced longitudinally every 60
mm at A.
❑ The nails are spaced longitudinally every 25
mm at B.
❑ Ixx=1.504*10^9 mm^4
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Example 5
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Example 5
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Example 6
A box beam is constructed from four boads nailed together. If each nail can
support a shear force of 30 N, determine the maximum spacing, s, of the
nails at B and at C that beam will support the force of 80 N.
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Example 6
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Example 6
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Example 7
What is the maximum value of w considering the maximum force capacity of the
pins is 450 N?
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Example 7
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Example 8
Determine the shear stress distribution in the flanges and the web of the thin-walled
Beam with the cross section shown subjected to the shear force of 60 Kn.
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Example 8
Important Notes
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Example 9
A shear force of 450 N is applied to the box section. Determine the shear flow @
points C and D?
@ point C
=0
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Example 9
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Example 10
Knowing that the spacing between nails is 25 mm and that
the vertical shear in the beam is V= 500 N, determine the
shearing force in each nail?
Shear flow can be calculated as :
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Example 11
The beam is subjected to a vertical shear force of
1500 [Link] that the allowable shearing force in
each nail is 400 N,determine the largest longitudinal
spacing s that can be used between each pair of
nails?
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Example 12
Find the maximum value of M0 so that:
1) The maximum tensile bending stress in the
beam is smaller than 120 MPa
2) The shear flow (q) in the weld remains
smaller than 38 kN/m.
3) The shear stress in each screw is lower
than 90 MPa.
10 mm
20 mm
10 mm
❑ Screws are placed at distance of 250 mm thru the length.
❑ Diameter of the screws is 6 mm.
❑ The welding is throughout the length.
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Example 12
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