Matrices & Determinants
1. If and , find
2. Let , then show that A2 – 4A +7I=0. Using this find A–1.
3. Use the product to solve the equations:
x – y + z = 4, x – 2y – 2z = 9 and 2x + y + 3z = 1.
4. If A = , Find A-1. Using A-1 solve the following system of
linear equations. 3x+3y-2z=1, x+2y=4 and 2x–3y–z=5. (Take care of
this type of questions).
5. Solve the system of following equations by using Matrix method
, , .
6. Three shopkeepers A, B and C are using polythene, handmade bags
(prepared by persons) and newspapers envelopes as carry bags. It is
found that the shopkeepers A,B ,C are using(20,30,40), (30,40,20)
,(40,20,30) polythene ,handmade bags and newspapers envelopes
respectively. The shopkeepers A,B,C spent Rs 250,Rs 220 and Rs 200
on these carry bags respectively. Find the cost of each carry bags
using matrices.
7. Two schools A and B decided to award prizes to their students for
three values honesty, punctuality and obedience. School A decided to
award a total of Rs.11000 for the three values to 5, 4 and 3 students
respectively while school B decided to award 10700 for the three
values to 4, 3 and 5 students respectively. If all the three prizes
together amount to Rs. 2700, then
a) Represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear
equations using
matrix multiplications.
b) Is it possible to solve the system of equations, so obtained using
matrices? If possible solve it.
8. The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply third number by 3 and
add second number to it, we get 11. By adding first and third
numbers, we get double of the second number. Represent it
algebraically and find the numbers using matrix method.
Assignment:
1. Compute the product Use this to solve the
following system of equations x-y =3, 2x +3y + 4z =17 and y + 2z = 7.
1 2 − 3
2. If A = 2 3 2 , Find A-1. Using A-1 solve the following system of
3 − 3 − 4
linear equations. x + 2y-3z=– 4, 2x+3y + 2z=2 and 3x–3y–4z=11.
3. Prove that A(adjA)=|A|I, where .
4. Show that A= satisfies A2–4A – 5 I = 0, and hence find A-1
5. Express matrix as the sum of a symmetric and
Skew symmetric matrix
6. If , f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 , show that f(A) = 0.
7. If , then show that: f(x) f(y) = f ( x +y).
8. Find A-1 if A = and show that A-1 = .
2 3
9. Find “k” if A = so that A = k A + 4I.
2
2 1
2 3
10. Find x and y if A = such that A – x A + y = 0
2
1 2
Short Answer Questions:
1. Let A be a square matrix of order 3 and A = 5, then find 4 A .
2. If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3 and A =9. Find − A .
3. If A & B are square matrices of order 3 such that , then
find the determinant of 3AB and |3AAT|.
4. If A is a non-singular square matrix of order 3X3 and A = 9. Find
and |A( )|.
5. If find the value of x.
6. Let A andB be two square matrices of the same order A =5 and B =7,find
AB .
5 − x x + 1
7. For what values of x, the following matrix is singular?
2 4
8. If A is a 3X4 matrix and B is a matrix such that A|B and BA| are both
defined, then order of B is
x+2 3
9. If =3, find the value of x
x+5 4
1 2
10. If A = then find the value of k if 2 A = k A
4 2
x 4
11. Find the value of x if =0
2 2x
12. Write the value of x + y + z: if
13. For what value of x, if the matrix a skew - symmetric
matrix?
14. If the matrix: is skew symmetric, find a + b + c.
15. If
3 13 − 7 0
16. Find X if 2X – 3 =
4 13 7 13
2 3 4
17. In A = , Evaluate a21 + 3a13
−1 −2 −3
18. If A(adjA)=5I where I is the identity matrix of order 3, then |adjA|=
19. If A is a 3X3 non singular matrix and if |A|=3, then |(2A)-1|=
20. If A=
21. Find the determinant and inverse of the matrix A=
22. If area of triangle is 35 sq units with vertices (2, – 6), (5, 4) and (k, 4).
Then k is
23. Show that points A (a, b + c), B (b, c + a), C (c, a + b) are collinear.
24. If A= , xyz = 80, 3x + 2y + 10z = 20, then A (adjA)
25. If A= then A-1 exists if
26. If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not
correct?
(A) adj A = |A|. A–1 (B) det(A–1 )= [det (A)]–1 (C) (AB)–1 = B–1 A–1 (D) (A +
B) = B + A
–1 –1 –1
27. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 3, then (A2) –1 = ________.
28. If A is a matrix of order 3 × 3, then number of minors in determinant of
A are ________.
29. The sum of the products of elements of any row with the co-factors of
corresponding elements is equal to _________
30. If the value of a third order determinant is 12, then the value of the
determinant formed by replacing each element by its co-factor will be 144. Is
it true?
LINEAR PROGRAMMING:
1. Minimise and Maximise Z=x+2y subject to x+2y≥100, 2x–y 0, 2x + y≤200;
x, y ≥0
2.Maximise Z = –x+2y, subject to the constraints: x≥3, x +y≥5, x +2y≥6, y≥0.
3. Maximize z = x + 2y subject to x – y -1, -x + y 0, x, y 0.
4. Determine graphically the minimum value of the objective function Z = –
50x + 20y subject to the constraints: 2x – y ≥ – 5, 3x + y ≥ 3, 2x – 3y ≤ 12
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
5. Maximise Z = 10500x+9000y subject to the constraints: x +y≤50, 20x+10y
≤800 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
6. Minimise Z = 3x + 5y subject to the constraints : x+2y≥10, x+y≥6, 3x+y≥8
and x≥0, y≥0.
Short Answer questions:
1. The maximum value of P = 3x + 5 y, subject to
x 2, y 3, x + y 4, x 0 and y 0 is
a) 15 b) 16 c) 18 d) 20
2. The maximum value of P = 4 x + 2 y, subject to
4 x + 2 y 46, x + 3 y 24, x 0, and y 0, occurs at
a) exactly one point b) two points
c) three points d) infinite number of points
3. If a L.P.P admits optimal solution at two consecutive vertices of the
feasible region, then
a) The required optimal solution in at the midpoint of line joining
these two points
b) The optimal solution occurs at every point on the line joining these
two points
c) The L.P.P under consideration is not solution
d) The L.P.P under consider must be reconstructed.
4. The feasible region of an L.P.P is always
a) A closed set b) An unbounded set c) A bounded set d)A convex set
5. If a L.P.P admits optimal solution at two consecutive vertices of the
feasible region, then
a) The required optimal solution in at the midpoint of line joining
these two points
b) The optimal solution occurs at every point on the line joining these
two points
c) The L.P.P under consideration is not solution
d) The L.P.P under consider must be reconstructed.
6. The shaded region in the following figure is the solution set of the
inequations
a) 5x + 4 y 20, x 6, y 4, x 0, y 0 b) 5x + 4 y 20, x 6, y 4, x 0, y 0
c) 5x + 4 y 20, x 6, y 4, x 0, y 0 d) 5x + 4 y 20, x 6, y 4, x 0, y 0
7. The region represented by the in equation system
x, y 0 y 6, x + y 3 is
a) Unbounded in first quadrant b) Unbounded in first and second quadrant
c) Bounded in the first quadrant d) Bounded in the second quadrant
8. In a LPP, The linear function which has to be maximized (or)
minimized is called a linear function
a) Objective b) Feasible c) Subjective d) constraints
9. Corner points of the feasible region for and LPP are
( 0, 2 ) ( 3, 0 ) ( 6, 0 ) ( 6,8) and ( 0,5) then F = 4 x + 6 y be the objective function
The minimum value of F occurs at
a) ( 0, 2 ) only b) ( 3, 0 ) only
c) The midpoint of the line segment joining the points ( 0, 2 ) and ( 3, 0 ) only
d) Any point on the line segment joining the points ( 0, 2 ) and ( 3, 0 )
10. In a LPP, The objective function is always
a) Linear b) Quadratic c) inequality d) cubic
11. A feasible region of a system of linear in equality is said to be bounded
if it can be enclosed with in a
a) Triangle b) polygon c) circle d) tow vertical lines
12. Corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of linear
constraints are (0,3),(1,1) and (3,0). Let z = px+qy, where p,q>0. Condition
on p and q so that the minimum of z occurs at (3,0) and (1,1) is
a. p = q b. p = 2q c. p = q/2 d. p = 3q
13. The shaded region in the figure is the solution set of the inequations
a. 4x+5y≥20, 3x+10y≤30, x≤6, x, y≥0. b. 4x+5y≥20, 3x+10y≤30, x≥6, x, y≥0.
c. 4x+5y≤20, 3x+10y≤30, x≤6, x, y≥0. d. 4x+5y≤20, 3x+10y≤30, x≥6, x, y≥0.
14. For the LPP; maximize z =x+4y subject to the constraints x+2y ≤ 2,
x +2y ≥ 8, x, y ≥ 0
a. zmax = 4 b. zmax = 18 c. zmax = 16 d. Has no feasible solution
15. Feasible region (shaded) for a LPP is shown in the Fig. 14.6. Minimum of
Z = 4x + 3y occurs at the point
(A) (0, 8) (B) (2, 5) (C) (4, 3) (D) (9, 0)
Q.No 16 to 18
19. Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0, 2), (3, 0), (6, 0), (6,
8) and (0, 5). Let F = 4x + 6y be the objective function. The Minimum value
of F occurs at
(A) (0, 2) only (B) (3, 0) only (C) the mid point of the line segment joining the
points (0, 2) and (3, 0) only (D) any point on the line segment joining the
points (0, 2) and (3, 0).
Three Dimensional Geometry
x y −1 z−2
1. Find the image of the point (1,6, 3) in the line = =
1 2 3
2. Find the magnitude (distance) and equation of the line of the shorter
distance between the lines: r = ( − 1)iˆ + ( + 1) ˆj − ( + 1)kˆ and
r = (1 − )iˆ + (2 + 1) ˆj − ( + 2)kˆ .
3. Find the equation of the perpendicular and coordinates of the foot of the
perpendicular drawn from the point P (1, 8, 4) of the line jointing the points
R (0 ,– 1, 3 ) and S( 2 ,– 3, 1).
x +1 y+3 z +5
4. Show that the lines = = and
3 5 7
x−2 y−4 z −6
= = intersects each other. Find the point of
1 3 5
intersection also.
5. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
x −1 y−2 z −3 x y z
perpendicular to the lines = = and = = .
1 2 3 −3 2 5
6. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the
equations: 3l + m + 5n = 0 and 6mn – 2nl + 5lm = 0.
Assignment
7. (a). Find the shortest distance between the following lines:
x −3 y −5 z −7 x +1 y +1 z +1
= = and = =
1 −2 1 7 −6 1
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
(b). r = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3k + (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4k ) and r = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5k + (3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5k )
1. Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the
line at angles of each.
2x − 1 y + 2 z − 3
8. The Cartesian form of a line AB is = = . Find the
3 2 3
direction cosines of a line parallel to AB.
x −1 y − 2 z − 3 x − 4 y −1
9. Find the angle between the lines = = and = = z.
2 3 4 5 2
10. Find the equation of the line drawn perpendicular from the point P(1,
x y −1 z−2
6, 3) to the line = =
1 2 3 . Also find the perpendicular
distance from P.
11. Find the equation of the line passing through the point P (2, -1,3) and
perpendicular to the lines 𝑟=(𝑖̂+𝑗̂−𝑘̂)+λ(2î− 2ĵ+ 𝑘̂) and 𝑟=(2𝑖̂−𝑗̂−3𝑘̂)+𝜇(î+2ĵ+ 2𝑘̂)
12. Find the equation of line passing through (1,2,3) and midpoint of the
line joining (2,-1,3) and (1,2,5).
13. Find the value of α, so that the lines
14. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2,-3,4) on the y-axis
15. The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 5, 7) on
the x-axis are given by
(A) (2, 0, 0) (B) (0, 5, 0) (C) (0, 0, 7) (D) (0, 5, 7)
16. If a line makes angles 90 0 and 600with the positive direction of x and y axes, find
the angle which it makes with positive direction of z -axis.
17. Write direction cosines of a line parallel to z-axis
18. The equation of a line is , find the direction cosines of a line
parallel to the given line.
19. Find the direction cosines of the line passing through the points P (2, 3, 5) and Q (–
1, 2, 4).
20. The x-coordinate of a point on the line joining the points Q (2, 2, 1) and R (5, 1, –2)
is 4. Find its z-coordinate.
21. The reflection of the point (α,β,γ) in the xy– plane is
(A) (α,β,0) (B) (0,0,γ) (C) (–α,–β,γ) (D) (α,β,–γ)
RELATIONS
1) Consider a relation R on ( N X N ), defined by (a,b)R(c,d) a+d = b+c. show that the
relation R is an equivalence relation.
2) Show that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by
R={(a, b): } , is an equivalence relation. Find the equivalence class of [1].
3) Show that the relation on the set A={x∈Z:0≤x≤12} given by R= {(a,b):|𝑎−𝑏|is divisible
by 4} is an equivalence relation Find all elements related to 1, equivalence class [1]
4) Let N be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on NXN defined by (a, b) R
(c, d) if only if ad=bc for all a, b, c, d∈ N. Show that R is an equivalence relation
5) Let R be the relation on N×N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if and only if
ad(b+ c) =bc (a+ d), Prove that R is an equivalence relation
6. Show that the relation R defined on the set N×N defined as (a, b)R(c, d) if and only if
𝑎2+𝑑2=𝑏2+𝑐 2 is an equivalence relation
7. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ... 9} and R be the relation in A ×A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d =
b + c for (a, b), (c, d) in A ×A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the
equivalent class [(2, 5)].
8. Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers defined as S = { ( a, b ) : a , b
R and a } is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
9. Show that the relation R in the set Z of integers given by
R = {(a, b): 2 divides a – b } is an equivalence relation.
