Project Synopsis

On
SMART HEALTH MONITORING
AND ALERT SYSTEM
The partial fulfillment of
B.Tech(CSIT)

Submitted by: Submitted to :

RIYA SRIVASTAVA(2402300110101) SHEKHAR TYAGI
RUDRA NATH MISHRA(2402300110102) Assistant Professor
RAJAT VERMA(240230011098) Department of CSIT,
RAJA THAKUR(240230011097) DGI,Gr.Noida
 SMART HEALTH MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM
Problem Statement
Timely detection of abnormal health conditions like irregular heart rate, low oxygen levels, or fever
is often missed, leading to delayed treatment. A real-time monitoring and alert system is needed to
ensure quick medical response and improved patient safety.
Problem Description and Solution
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usually show early warning signs like changes in heart rate,
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not regularly tracked, the signs often go unnoticed until the patient’s condition becomes
critical.
Traditional healthcare methods like hospital visits and periodic check-ups only give a snapshot of the patient’s health.
They do not provide real-time monitoring, which is essential for patients with chronic diseases such as heart
problems or asthma. This gap between the onset of a health issue and its detection delays treatment, sometimes
with life-threatening consequences.

Another challenge is the delay in alerting caregivers or doctors once a health abnormality is noticed. Even if
unusual readings are detected, patients or their families often fail to respond quickly due to lack of awareness.
Advanced medical devices are available in the market, but they are usually expensive and unaffordable for the
majority of people, especially in low-income or rural areas.
Therefore, the problem lies in the absence of an affordable, reliable, and real-time monitoring
system that not only tracks health parameters continuously but also provides immediate alerts in
case of emergencies. A solution of this kind can save lives, improve patient safety, and make
healthcare more accessible to all sections of society.

Proposed Solution: Smart Health Monitoring and Alert System

To solve this problem, we propose a Smart Health Monitoring and Alert System that uses IoT,
Artificial Intelligence, and Cloud technologies to continuously track vital health parameters,
detect abnormalities, and notify caregivers instantly.
How the System Works

The system makes use of low-cost sensors such as a pulse sensor/MAX30102 for heart rate and oxygen
saturation, and a DHT11/LM35 for temperature. These sensors can either be integrated into wearables or connected
to modules like Arduino or Raspberry Pi.

The data collected from sensors is processed using Python-based software. A machine learning model trained on
health datasets helps classify whether a patient’s condition is normal or abnormal. For example, if heart rate exceeds
120 BPM or oxygen level drops below 90%, the system automatically detects the condition as abnormal.

Once an abnormality is found, the system triggers an instant alert using APIs such as Twilio (for SMS/WhatsApp)
or SMTP (for email). Caregivers or doctors receive these alerts in real-time, ensuring quick medical response. In
addition, the data is stored in a database or cloud platform like Firebase, allowing doctors to review health records
over time.
Dashboard and Visualization

A user-friendly web dashboard, built using Flask or Django, allows patients and doctors to view
real-time readings. Graphs and charts present heart rate, SpO₂, and temperature trends clearly.
This makes it easier to identify patterns, such as consistently high heart rate or fluctuating oxygen
levels, enabling preventive healthcare.
Key Features

1. Continuous Monitoring: Tracks health parameters 24/7.

2. AI-driven Analysis: Detects anomalies using machine learning.

3. Instant Alerts: Notifies caregivers immediately of abnormal readings.

4. Cloud Integration: Stores health records securely for long-term analysis.

5. Low Cost and Scalable: Affordable for individuals and expandable to hospitals.

Benefits

● Saves Lives: Early detection and alerts reduce the risk of emergencies.

● Accessibility: Suitable for rural and underserved areas.

● Convenience: Provides peace of mind to patients and families.

● Future Growth: Can be expanded to include more sensors like ECG, blood pressure,
or mobile app integration.
Literature Review
Riya Srivastava et al [1]

Gaps and solution

Eldercare AI faces issues like limited patient access to technology, privacy and
security risks, and difficulty integrating with existing healthcare IT. Lack of
reimbursement models, high costs, and alert fatigue hinder adoption. Patient
engagement, trust in AI, and absence of clear regulations add further challenges.

Early AI training for medical staff, strong security with legal frameworks, and
standardized protections can build trust. AI should automate suitable tasks, use
personalized training tools, and reduce provider workload by prioritizing alerts.
Collaboration among healthcare providers, developers, and policymakers is key
for safe and efficient adoption.
Existing eldercare systems face major gaps. They focus on limited health metrics,
lack real-time predictive analysis, and often use invasive wearables that cause
discomfort. Emotional and mental health monitoring is mostly ignored, while
hospital-based setups are costly and unsuitable for home or rural use. Many solutions
still need manual checks, have poor integration with devices, and provide limited
remote access for caregivers.
CareTaker.ai bridges these gaps by embedding non-intrusive sensors in bedding to track
vitals continuously. Its AI engine provides predictive alerts, pattern recognition, and adaptive
learning for early risk detection. Cloud and mobile integration enable remote monitoring and
instant caregiver notifications. Interactive features like reminders and conversations support
mental wellbeing. Being low-cost and scalable.

Data security and privacy are significant concerns.

Integrating new systems with existing healthcare IT can be difficult.
A lack of standardized reimbursement models hinders widespread adoption.
Continuous monitoring can lead to alert fatigue for healthcare providers.
Keeping patients engaged and compliant is a challenge.
High costs for hardware, software, and maintenance are a financial disadvantage.
Skepticism and a lack of trust in AI's use in medicine exist.

Introduce training on AI in healthcare for medical staff starting in university.

Develop robust security measures, including encryption and authentication.
Create a legal framework and standards to protect patient information.
Automate only the most suitable health tasks and roles, like those for radiologists.
Develop personalized AI systems for training healthcare providers.
Design systems that reduce provider workload by prioritizing alerts.
Foster collaboration among healthcare providers, developers, and policymakers.
Despite advances in wearable devices and remote health platforms, current systems often lack
real-time alert capabilities, predictive analytics, and integration with emergency services.
According to a study published in IJNRD (2024), many existing solutions are limited to passive
data collection and fail to provide timely interventions, especially in rural or home-care
settings. Additionally, the lack of centralized data visualization and anomaly detection
mechanisms reduces the effectiveness of continuous health monitoring.

An IoT-based health monitoring system addresses these gaps by integrating sensors (e.g.,
heart rate, temperature, SpO₂) with wireless communication modules like ESP8266 to transmit
data in real time. As described in the same IJNRD paper, the system uses cloud platforms for
secure data storage and visualization, while anomaly detection algorithms trigger alerts for
caregivers or medical staff. This approach enables proactive healthcare, improves patient
outcomes, and supports remote monitoring in both clinical and home environments.

Traditional health monitoring systems often lack real-time alerts, predictive analytics,
and integration with emergency services—especially in rural or home-care settings. Data
remains fragmented, limiting timely intervention. As noted in the Sensors 2024
IoT-based bridge monitoring study, similar issues—high costs, manual dependency, and
delayed warnings—also affect infrastructure systems, highlighting the need for scalable,
automated solutions in healthcare.

This project proposes a low-cost, IoT-based health monitoring system using sensors to
track vital signs like heart rate, temperature, and SpO₂. Data is processed via
microcontrollers (e.g., ESP32) and sent to a cloud platform for real-time analysis.
A fuzzy logic or AI algorithm detects anomalies and triggers alerts through mobile apps
or SMS. Designed for rural deployment, the system supports GSM communication and
offline-first access, ensuring timely care and improved patient safety.
Existing systems lack real-time fault detection, predictive analytics, and efficient
alerting—leading to delays and reduced reliability. As shown in the vending machine IoT
study, traditional approaches are reactive and not scalable, which mirrors similar issues
in healthcare monitoring.
This project applies a smart IoT framework using sensors to track vital signs and
machine learning to detect anomalies early. Data is processed and sent to the cloud,
triggering alerts via mobile apps or SMS. The system is low-cost, scalable, and ideal for
rural healthcare, ensuring timely intervention and improved patient safety.
This study highlights that AKI e-alerts improve clinical practice patterns and reduce AKI
progression but show no clear mortality benefit. Several gaps remain: the included
studies were heterogeneous, alerts often lacked actionable guidance, and issues like
alert fatigue and clinician response were underexplored. Outcomes were mostly
short-term, with limited data on long-term kidney function, quality of life, or
cost-effectiveness. In addition, most alerts were rule-based, without integration of
predictive analytics or biomarkers, and subgroup effects across different patient
populations were not evaluated.

Future research should focus on strengthening e-alerts with decision support and
standardized care bundles, addressing alert fatigue with smarter, tiered systems, and
integrating predictive models for personalized risk.
Long-term follow-up and broader patient-centered outcomes are needed, alongside
subgroup analyses to identify who benefits most. Implementation science approaches
can also help ensure that alerts are effectively embedded into clinical workflows.

AKI e-alerts improve practice patterns and reduce progression but do not lower
mortality. Gaps include heterogeneity across studies, short-term outcome focus, lack of
actionable steps, and alert fatigue. Solutions are to integrate decision support and care
bundles, use smarter tiered alerts with AI/biomarkers, and study long-term,
patient-centered outcomes with subgroup analyses.
Most existing health monitoring systems lack a centralized dashboard and transparent
database access. Data is often fragmented, with limited visualization and no role-based
views, making it difficult for patients and healthcare providers to interpret trends or
respond quickly. Additionally, stored health records are rarely visible or queryable,
reducing trust, usability, and long-term analysis potential.

The proposed system offers a unified, real-time dashboard using platforms like Adafruit
IO, displaying live sensor data with clear visualizations and automated alerts. It
connects to a cloud-based, scalable database that is openly accessible to users,
allowing them to view, filter, and analyze historical health data. This improves usability,
supports timely medical decisions, and ensures transparent, efficient data management
across roles.
This study introduces an uncertainty-aware deep
learning approach for nuclear system monitoring,
but some gaps remain. Validation is limited to
simulations, raising concerns about real-world
applicability and scalability. The high
computational cost may hinder real-time use, and
adaptability to other energy systems is unclear.
Interpretability and operator interaction are also
underexplored. Future work should test on real
datasets, optimize for real-time use, expand to
other domains, and integrate interpretable AI for
safer decision-making.

FLOW CHART
 Methodology
1. Data Acquisition – Collect vital signs using wearable sensors/IoT devices.

2. Data Preprocessing – Clean, normalize, and structure physiological data.

3. Health Monitoring Model – Apply AI/ML models for anomaly detection and risk
prediction.

4. Alert Generation – Trigger multi-level alerts (warning/critical) in real-time.

5. Data Storage & Security – Store securely with encryption and compliance
standards.

6. User Interface – Provide dashboards with real-time vitals and health trends.

7. Healthcare Integration – Enable report sharing and telemedicine support.

8. Continuous Learning – Update models using new data and clinician feedback.
 References
1.Alzheimer’s Disease International. Numbers of people with dementia worldwide
[Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Nov 4]. Available from:
https://www.alzint.org/about/dementia-facts-figures/dementia-statistics/
2.Marquardt G. Wayfinding for people with dementia: A review of the role of
architectural design. Health Environ Res Des J. 2011;4(2):75–90.
3.Senthamilarasi C, Rani JJ, Vidhya B, Aritha H. A smart patient health monitoring
system using IoT. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics.
2018;119(16):59–
4.R. K. Mobley, An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance, 2nd ed., Elsevier, 2002.
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543–557
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