Notes in Structural Theory 1

Module 4 Title: Shear and Bending Moment

Module Introduction/Rationale:

In this module, we will study the types of statically determinate beams and different types of
loadings. Also in this module, we will draw the shear and moment diagrams of beams and frames;
determine the maximum bending moment and maximum shear force.

Module Outcomes:
CO2: Determine the state of static and kinematics determinacy and stability of structural systems,
externally and internally.
CO3: Apply the methods of structural analysis for external and internal actions on various types of
structural systems due to static and moving loads.

Lesson 1 Title: Shear and Bending Moment

Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
1. identify the three types of stress resultants
2. write the shear and moment equations at all section along the member’s axis
3. draw the shear and moment diagrams and determine the value of Vmax and Mmax

BEAMS

Beams are members that carry transverse loads and are subjected to bending. Beams are among
the most important structural member.

Statically Determinate Beams

When the number of unknown reaction components can be determine using the static equilibrium
equations.

Types of Statically Determinate Beams

1. Simple Beam – a beam supported by a hinged reaction at one end and a roller support at the other
end. (Figure A)

2. Overhanging Beam – a beam supported by a hinged and a roller reaction, with either or both ends
extending beyond the supports. (Figure B)

3. Cantilever Beam – a beam supported at end only, with a suitable restrain to prevent rotation of that
end. (Figure C)

Figure A Figure B Figure C

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Types of Stress Resultants

1. Axial Force, F

The internal axial force at any section of a beam is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to
the algebraic sum (resultant) of the components in the direction parallel to the axis of the beam of all the
external loads and support reactions acting on either side of the section under consideration.

2. Shear Force, V

The shear at any section of a beam is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the algebraic
sum (resultant) of the components in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the beam of all the
external loads and support reactions acting on either side of the section under consideration.

3. Bending Moment, M

The bending moment at any section of a beam is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to
the algebraic sum of the moments about (the centroid of the cross-section of the beam) the section under
consideration of all the external loads and support reactions acting on either side of the section.

c P

RAH A B
C

RAV c RB
P
M M
w w
RAH A F F B
C C
V V

RAV RB

Without the internal forces (F, V and M), portion AC or BC is not equilibrium.

F = in the direction of the centroidal axis of the beam

V = in the direction perpendicular to the centroidal axis
M = internal couple

Note: The internal forces can be determined by using the three equations of equiibrium, ΣFx = 0,
ΣFy = 0, and ΣM = 0.

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Beam Sign Convention

1. Positive Shear – the shear force at a section is positive if the external forces on the beam produce a
shear effect that tends to cause the left side of the section to move up relative to the
right side.

Left Side
Right Side
Effect of positive shear
(left section move upward)

Left Side Right Side

Direction of positive internal
Shear force V

How to solve the shear value

If the summation of external forces is from left to right, upward forces is positive
If the summation of external forces is from right to left, downward forces is positive

2. Positive Moment – the bending moment at a section is positive if the external forces on the beam
produce a bending effect that causes the beam to bend concave upward at the
section.

Effect of positive moment

(beam bend concave upward)

Left Side Right Side

Direction of positive internal
bending moment M

How to solve the bending moment value

If the summation of moment is from left to right, clockwise is positive
If the summation of moment is from right to left, counter clockwise is positive

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Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

The shear force diagram is a graphical representation showing the variation of the shear force along the
beam. It is drawn directly below the loading diagram.

The bending moment diagram is a graphical representation showing the variation of the bending
moment along the beam. It is drawn directly below the shear diagram.

Relationships between the load and shear diagrams

1. The slope of the shear diagram at a section along a beam is equal to the load intensity at the section.
2. The change in shear force between two sections along a beam is equal to the total load between the
two sections.

Relationships between the shear and the moment diagrams

1. The slope of the moment diagram at a section along a beam is equal to the value of the shear force at
the section.
2. The change in bending moment between two sections along a beam is equal to the area under the
shear diagram between two sections.

Shear Diagram
The following procedure may be followed for sketching the shear diagram:
1. Draw the shear diagram directly below the loading diagram and use the same horizontal scale.
2. Starting at the left end, compute the shear at various controlling sections by adding the load on the
next segment to the shear of the previous section.
3. Plot points on the shear diagram using the shear of each controlling section as the ordinate.
4. Connect the adjacent points plotted. Keep in mind that the slope of the shear diagram is equal to
the load intensity. Find the location of the point of zero shears or the point where shear force
changes sign.

Moment Diagram
The following procedure may be followed for sketching the moment diagram:
1. The moment diagram is usually drawn directly under the shear diagram using the same horizontal
scale.
2. Calculate the areas under the shear diagram.
3. Starting from the left end, add the area of the shear diagram between the controlling sections to
the moment of the previous section to get the moment of the next section.
4. Plot points on the moment diagram using the moment of each controlling section as the ordinate.
5. Connect the adjacent points plotted with proper straight lines or curves. Keep in mind that the
slope of the moment diagram at a section is equal to the shear force at the section.
6. The maximum or minimum moment occurs at the section where the shear force is zero or where
the shear force changes sign.

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Sample Problems
1. Write the equations for shear and moment at a distance of 8.0 m from the left support.

15 KN 15 KN
24 KN 12 KN 24 KN 12 KN
10 KN/m 10 KN/m

6m 3m 4m 2m 6m 3m 4m 2m
R1 R2

Solution: X = 8.0 m

Solve for the reactions

Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
0 = (10KN/m) (6 m) (3 m) + 15KN (6 m) + 24KN (9 m) + 12 KN (13 m) – R2 (15 m)
R2 = 42.80 KN

Take a moment at R2
0 = R1 (15 m) – 12 KN (2 m) – 24 KN (6 m) – 15 KN (9 m) – (10 KN/m) (6 m) (12 m)
R1 = 68.20 KN

15 KN

10 KN/m 24 KN 12 KN

6m 2m 1m 4m 2m
R1 = 68.20 R2 = 42.80
X = 8.0 m 7.0 m

Using the left side Using the right side

If the summation of external forces is from left to right, If the summation of external forces is from right to left,
upward forces is positive downward forces is positive

VX = 68.20 KN – 10 KN/m (6 m) – 15 KN VX = – 42.80 KN + 12 KN + 24 KN

VX = – 6.80 KN answer VX = – 6.80 KN

If the summation of moment is from left to right, If the summation of moment is from right to left, counter
clockwise is positive clockwise is positive

MX = 68.20 KN (8 m) – 10 KN/m (6 m) (5 m) – 15 KN (2 m) MX = 42.80 KN (7 m) – 12 KN (5 m) – 24 KN (1 m)

MX = 215.60 KN-m answer MX = 215.60 KN-m

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2. Write the equations for shear and moment of every segment of the beam shown. Use point A as origin.

15 KN 15 KN
24 KN 12 KN 24 KN 12 KN
10 KN/m 10 KN/m

A E A E
B C D B C D

6m 3m 4m 2m 6m 3m 4m 2m
R1 R2
Solution:

Solve for the reactions 15 KN

R2 = 42.80 KN 24 KN 12 KN
10 KN/m
R1 = 68.20 KN

For segment AB (0 ≤ X ≤ 6 m) A E
B C D
VX = 68.20 – 10 (X) answer
X 6m 3m 4m 2m
MX = 68.20(X) – 10 X  
2 R2
2 X
MX = 68.20 X – 5 X answer
R1 = 68.20 KN

15 KN
For segment BC (6 m ≤ X ≤ 9 m) 24 KN 12 KN
10 KN/m
VX = 68.20 – 10 (6) – 15
VX = – 6.80 KN answer
A E
B C D
MX = 68.20(X) – 10 (6)(X – 3) – 15 (X – 6)
MX = 68.20 X – 60 (X – 3) – 15 (X – 6) answer 6m 3m 4m 2m
X
R2
R1 = 68.20 KN
For segment CD (9 m ≤ X ≤ 13 m) 15 KN
VX = 68.20 – 10 (6) – 15 – 24
24 KN 12 KN
VX = – 30.80 KN answer 10 KN/m

MX = 68.20(X) – 10 (6)(X – 3) – 15 (X – 6) – 24 (X – 9)
MX = 68.20 X – 60 (X – 3) – 15 (X – 6) – 24 (X – 9) A E
B C D
answer
6m 3m 4m 2m
X
R2
For segment DE (13 m ≤ X ≤ 15 m)
R1 = 68.20 KN
VX = 68.20 – 10 (6) – 15 – 24 – 12 15 KN
VX = – 42.80 KN answer
24 KN 12 KN
10 KN/m
MX = 68.20(X) – 10 (6)(X – 3) – 15 (X – 6) – 24 (X – 9)
– 12 (X – 13)
A E
B C D
MX = 68.20 X – 60 (X – 3) – 15 (X – 6) – 24 (X – 9)
– 12 (X – 13) answer 6m 3m 4m 2m
X
R2
R1 = 68.20 KN
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3. Draw the shear and moment diagrams of the loaded beam shown in the figure. Determine the Vmax
and Mmax.

20 KN 20 KN
14 KN/m 15 KN 15 KN
8 KN–m 14 KN/m 8 KN–m

6m 1m 3m 2m 6m 1m 3m 2m

Solution: R1 R2

STEP 1
Solve for the reactions.

Take a moment at R1
ΣMR1 = 0
0 = (14KN/m) (6 m) (3 m) + (20KN) (6 m) – 8 KN-m + (15KN) (12 m) – R2 (10 m)
0 = 252 + 120 – 8 + 180 – R2 (10)
R2 = 54.40 KN

Take a moment at R2
0 = R1 (10 m) + (15KN) (2 m) – (14KN/m) (6 m) (3 m + 4 m) – (20 KN) (4 m) – 8 KN-m
0 = R1 (10 m) + 30 – 588 – 80 – 8
R1 = 64.60 KN

Check the reactions using ΣFy = 0

Up = Down
R1 + R2 = (14 KN/m)(6 m) + 20 KN + 15 KN
64.60 + 54.40 = 84 + 20 + 15
119 = 119  OK
20 KN
14 KN/m 15 KN
8 KN–m
STEP 2 C D E
A
Label the beam from left to right. B
6m 1m 3m 2m
STEP 3
Draw a vertical line from each point being labelled in step 2. R1 = 64.60 KN R2 = 54.40 KN

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STEP 4
Compute the shear force using ΣFy = 0.
Upward force is positive (+)
While downward force is negative (–)

Shear Force
VA = 0 + 64.60 KN = 64.60 KN
VB = + 64.60 KN – 14KN/m (6 m) = – 19.40 KN
VB’ = – 19.40 KN – 20 KN = – 39.40 KN
Vc = – 39.40 KN
VD = – 39.40 KN + 54.40 KN = + 15 KN
VE = + 15 KN – 15 KN = 0

STEP 5
Draw the shear diagram
20 KN
14 KN/m 15 KN
8 KN–m
C D E
A
B
6m 1m 3m 2m

R1 = 64.60 KN R2 = 54.40 KN

64.60
 draw a line going upward due the reaction of 64.60 KN
(from 0 to + 64.60 KN)
0
 14 KN/m is rectangle, so the next shape is triangle
(from 64.60 to– 19.40)
– 19.40
64.60
 draw a line going downward due to 20 KN load
(from – 19.40 to – 39.40)
0  since no load from B to C, draw a straight line
(– 39.40)
– 19.40  no load from C to D, draw a straight line
(– 39.40)
– 39.40 – 39.40

64.60
15 15
 draw a line going upward due to + 54.40 KN reaction
(from – 39.40 to 15)
0 0
 no load from D to E, draw a straight line
– 19.40 (15)
 draw a line going downward due to 15 KN load
– 39.40 – 39.40 (from 15 to 0)

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STEP 6
Compute the Bending Moment.
Above zero line is positive area
While below zero line is negative area

Compute first the value of distance X

Use ratio and proportion 20 KN
(in solving for X disregard the negative sign) 14 KN/m 15 KN
8 KN–m
X 6X C D E
 A
64.60 19.40 B
6m 1m 3m 2m
19.40 X = 64.60 (6 – X)
19.40 X = 387.60 – 64.60 X
R1 = 64.60 KN R2 = 54.40 KN
19.40 X + 64.60 X = 387.60
84 X = 387.60
X = 4.614 m
6m – X = 6 – 4.61 = 1.386 m
64.60
6m – X 15 15
Bending Moment + +
MA = 0 V Diagram 0 0
MX = 0 + ½ (64.60)(4.614 m) = 149.03 KN-m X –
MB = 149.03 – ½ (19.40)(1.386 m) = 135.59 KN-m – –
MC = 135.59 – (39.40)(1 m) = 96.19 KN-m – 19.40
MC’ = 96.19 – 8 KN-m = 88.19 KN-m
MD = 88.19 – (39.40)(3 m) = – 30.01 KN-m – 39.40 – 39.40
ME = – 30.01 + (15)(2 m) = – 0.01 say 0

STEP 7
Draw the moment diagram

149.03
 From point A to X, the shape of shear diagram is triangle; the
next shape is curve going upward (from 0 to 149.03) 135.59

 From point X to B, the shape of shear diagram is triangle; the

next shape is curve going downward (from 149.03 to 135.59) 0

149.03
135.59
 From point B to C, the shape of shear diagram is rectangle; 96.19
the next shape is triangle (from 135.59 to 96.19)
88.19
 Still at point C, there is a moment of 8 KN-m counter 0
clockwise (which is negative); draw a straight line
downward (from 96.19 to 88.19)
149.03
135.59
 From point C to D, the shape of shear diagram is rectangle; 96.19
the next shape is triangle (from 88.19 to – 30.01) 88.19
 From point D to E, the shape of shear diagram is rectangle; 0 0
the next shape is triangle (from – 30.01 to 0)
– 30.01

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STEP 8
20 KN
From the shear diagram (V Diagram) determine 15 KN
the Vmax. (maximum value could be either 14 KN/m 8 KN–m
positive or negative) C D E
A
B
From the moment diagram (M Diagram) 6m 1m 3m 2m
determine the Mmax. (maximum value could be
either positive or negative) R1 = 64.60 KN R2 = 54.40 KN

Vmax = 64.60 KN answer 64.60

Mmax = 149.03 KN-m answer
6–X 15 15

V Diagram 0 0
X
– 19.40

– 39.40 – 39.40

149.03 135.59
96.19
88.19
M Diagram 0 0

– 30.01

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4. Draw the shear and moment diagrams of the loaded beam shown in the figure. Determine the Vmax
and Mmax.

80 KN 80 KN
10 KN/m 10 KN/m

A B C D E

3m 4m 5m 2m 3m 4m 5m 2m
R1V R2
Solution:
10 KN/m
Solve for the reactions

Using member CDE, take a moment at C C D E

ΣMC = 0
0 = 10 KN/m (7 m) (3.50 m) – R2 (5 m)
R2 = 49 KN 5m 2m
CY
Take a moment at D R2
ΣMD = 0
0 = CY (5 m) – 10 KN/m (5 m) (2.50 m) + 10 KN/m (2 m) (1 m)
CY = 21
80 KN
CY = 21 KN M

Using member ABC, use ΣFy = 0 A B C

ΣFy = 0 Up = Down
RIV = 80 + 21
RIV = 101 KN 3m 4m

Take a moment at A
R1V
ΣMA = 0
MA = 80 KN (3 m) + 21 KN (7 m) 80 KN
M = – 387 10 KN/m
MA = 387 KN-m
 M = – 387 KN-m (counter clockwise direction)
A B C D E

3m 4m 5m 2m

Shear Force (upward is + while downward is –)

R1V = 101 R2 = 49
VA = 0 + (101 KN) = 101 KN
VB = 101 KN – 80 KN = 21 KN
VC = 21 KN 101
VD = 21 KN – (10 KN/m) (5 m) = – 29 KN
VD’ = – 29 KN + 49 KN = 20 KN 21
VE = 20 KN – (10 KN/m) (2 m) = 0
20
0 0

– 29

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Solve for X
X 5X 80 KN
 M = – 387 10 KN/m
21 29

29X = 21(5 – X) A B C D E
29X = 105 – 21X
105
X= = 2.10 m 3m 4m 5m 2m
50
5 m – X = 5 – 2.10 = 2.90 m R1V = 101 R2 = 49
Bending Moment (area of the shear diagram)
MA = – 387 KN-m 101
MB = – 387 KN-m + (101) (3 m) = – 84 KN-m 5–X
MC = – 84 + (21) (4 m) = 0
MX = 0 + ½ (21) (2.10 m) = 22.05 KN-m
+ 21 20
MD = 22.05 – ½ (29) (2.90 m) = – 20 KN-m + + +
ME = – 20 + ½ (20) (2 m) = 0
V Diagram 0 0
–
X – 29
Vmax = + 101 KN answer
Mmax = – 387 KN-m answer

22.05

M Diagram 0
0 0
– 20
– 84

– 387

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5. Draw the shear and moment diagrams of the loaded beam shown in the figure. Determine the Vmax
and Mmax.

25 KN/m 25 KN/m
30 KN 30 KN

A D
B C

3m 2m 6m 3m 2m 6m

R1 R2V
Solution:

Solve for the reactions

Take a moment at D
ΣMD = 0
0 = R1 (11 m) – 30 KN (8 m) – ½ (25 KN/m) (6 m) (2 m)
R1 = 35.45 KN

Take a moment at A
ΣMA = 0
0 = 30 KN (3 m) + ½ (25 KN/m) (6 m) (9 m) – R2 (11 m)
R2 = 69.55 KN

25 KN/m
Shear Force (upward is + while downward is –) 30 KN
Y
VA = 0 + 35.45 KN = 35.45 KN
VB = 35.45 KN – 30 KN = 5.45 KN
VC = 5.45 KN A D
B C
VD = 5.45 KN – ½ (25 KN/m) (6 m) = – 69.55 KN
VD’ = – 69.55 KN + 69.55 KN = 0
3m 2m 6m
Solve for distance X X R2V = 69.55
R1 = 35.45
From the triangular load, use Ratio and Proportion
6 X
 6 Y = 25 X
25 Y 35.45
25X
Y= ------------- equation 1
6 5.45 0
2 curve
From the load diagram, write the shear equation at point X 0 0
VX = 35.45 KN – 30 KN – ½ (X) (Y)
VX = 5.45 – ½ XY ---------- equation 2

From the shear diagram, VX = 0

 25X 
VX = 5.45 – ½ (X)   – 69.55
 6 
2
0 = 5.45 – 2.08 X
X = 1.62 m

25(1.62)
In equation 1 Y= = 6.75 KN/m
6

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Bending Moment (use moment equation)

MA = 0 25 KN/m
MB = 35.45 (3 m) = 106.35 KN-m 30 KN
MC = 35.45 (5 m) – 30 KN (2 m) = 117.25 KN-m Y = 6.75
 1.62 
MX = 35.45 (6.62 m) – 30 (3.62 m) – ½ (6.75) (1.62)  
 3  A D
B C
MX = 123.13 KN-m
6
MD = 35.45 (11 m) – 30 (8 m) – ½ (25) (6)   3m 2m 6m
3
MD = – 0. 05 say 0 X = 1.62 R2V = 69.55
R1 = 35.45

Vmax = – 69.55 KN answer 35.45

Mmax = + 123.13 KN-m answer
5.45 0
2 curve
V Diagram 0 0

123.13 – 69.55
0
3 curve
106.35
106.35

M Diagram 0 0

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6. Draw the shear and moment diagrams of the loaded beam shown in the figure. Determine the Vmax
and Mmax.

10 KN 10 KN
15 KN/m 15 KN/m
M
12 KN–m RH 12 KN–m

3m 2m 3m 2m

Solution: RV
Solve for the reactions
Using ΣFy = 0
Up = Down
RV = (15 KN/m)(3 m) + 10 KN
RV = 45 KN + 10 KN
RV = 55 KN

Using ΣFx = 0
Right = Left
RH = 0

Take a moment at R
ΣMR = 0 M = – 129.50 KN-m 10 KN
15 KN/m
MR = (15 KN/m) (3 m) (1.5m) + (10 KN) (5 m) + 12 KN-m
MR = 67.50 + 50 + 12 RH 12 KN–m
MR = 129.50 KN-m A B
C
 M = – 129.50 KN-m (counter clockwise direction)
3m 2m

Shear Force (upward is + while downward is –) RV = 55 KN

VA = 55 KN
VB = 55 KN – (15 KN/m) (3 m) = 10 KN
VC = 10 KN – (10 KN) = 0 55
10 10
+
Bending Moment (area of the shear diagram) V Diagram +
0 0
MA = – 129.50 KN-m
 55  10 
MB = – 129.50 KN-m +   (3 m) = – 32 KN-m
 2 
MC = – 32 KN-m + (10) (2 m) = – 12 KN-m
MC’ = – 12 KN-m + 12 KN-m = 0
M Diagram 0 0
– 12
Vmax = 55 KN answer – 32
Mmax = – 129.50 KN-m answer
– 129.50

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7. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the loaded frame shown in the figure.

25 KN/m 25 KN/m

54 KN 54 KN
B 9m C B 9m C

5m 5m
7m 7m
D D

A A

RAH RD
Solution: RAV

Solve for the reactions

Take a moment at A
ΣMA = 0
0 = 54 KN (7 m) + (25 KN/m) (9 m) (4.5m) – RD (9 m)
RD = 154.50 KN

ΣFx = 0 Right = Left

54 = RAH
RAH = 54 KN

Take a moment at D
ΣMD = 0
0 = 54 KN (5 m) – (25 KN/m) (9 m) (4.5m) + RAH (2 m) + RAV (9 m)
RAV = 70.50 KN
MB 25 KN/m
Analyze member AB
54 KN
ΣFy = 0 Up = Down 9m C
RAV = BV B BH
BV
BV = 70.50 KN MB BV CV CV

ΣFx = 0 Right = Left BH B

C
BH = RAH
BH = 54 KN 5m
ΣMB = 0 7m
MB = RAH (7 m) = 54 (7) = 378 KN-m
D
MB = – 378 KN-m
A
Analyze member CD RAH
ΣFy = 0 Up = Down RD
RD = CV RAV
CV = 154.50 KN

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For member AB BV = 70.50

MB = – 378
Shear Force 54 0 378 0
BH = 54 B
VA = 0 + 54 KN = 54 KN
VB = 54 KN – 54 KN = 0

Bending Moment 7m
MA = 0
MB = 0 + 54 (7 m) = 378 KN-m
MB’ = 378 – 378 = 0 A
RAH = 54 54 0 0
V Diag. M Diag.
For member BC RAV = 70.50

Shear Force
VB = 0 + 70.50 KN = 70.50 KN
VC = 70.50 KN – 25 KN/m (9 m) = – 154 KN MB = + 378 25 KN/m
VC’ = – 154 KN + 154 KN = 0
54 KN
Solve for X 9m C
B BH = 54
X 9X
 BV = 70.50 CV = 154.50
70.50 154.50

154.50X = 70.50(9 – X) 70.50

225X = 634.50 9 – X = 6.18
634.50
X= = 2.82 m V Diag. 0
225 0
9 – X = 9 – 2.82 = 6.18 m X = 2.82

Bending Moment
MB = 378 KN-m
MX = 378 + ½ (70.50) (2.82 m) = 477.41 KN-m
477.41
– 154.50
MC = 477.41 – ½ (154.50) (6.18 m) = 0
378

M Diag. 0 0

CV = 154.50
0 0
C

5m

D
0 0
V Diag. M Diag.
RD = 154.50

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Problem Set – Module 4

1. Write the equations for shear and moment of every segment of the beam shown. Use point A as origin.

A B
5 KN 10 KN 30 KN
15 KN
20 KN/m 12 KN/m

C A D
A B D B C

2m 6m 3m 2m 4m 3m

C D
10 KN 12 KN
12 KN 7 KN

18 KN/m 10 KN/m

A B C D A B C

1m 5m 2m 1m 3m

E F 12 KN

10 KN
20 KN/m 18 KN/m

A B 15 KN–m C A E
B C D

1m 3m 2m 4m
3m 5m

G H
18 KN 20 KN 10 KN
10 KN/m 15 KN/m 20 KN

B D A D
A C B C

2m 4m 3m 6m 2m 2m
I J
30 KN
15 KN 10 KN
20 KN/m 18 KN 25 KN/m

A B C D A B C

2m 6m 3m 2m 2m

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2. Draw the shear and moment diagrams of the loaded beams shown in the figure. Determine the Vmax
and Mmax.

A 35 KN B

22 KN/m 15 KN 16 KN/m
18 KN–m
25 KN–m

2m 2m
1m 1m 3m 2m

C D

28 KN/m 50 KN 60 KN 25 KN/m
40 KN–m

2m 5m 3m 3m 4m 7m

E F

35 KN/m
15 KN 16 KN/m 40 KN

3m 6m 2m 5m 3m 3m 2m

G H
20 KN/m 30 KN
30 KN 12 KN/m

14 KN-m

2m 3m 1m 3m 4m 6m 2m 2m

I J
10 KN 35 KN
60 KN
40 KN/m 20 KN/m
4
3

15 KN–m

4m 6m 3m 2m 3m 4m 4m

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3. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the loaded frames shown in the figure.

50 KN
A B
20 KN/m
3m 3m
C
C B
B 6m

4m

16 KN/m 8m
60 KN

4m

A A

C D
25 KN/m 28 KN/m

B 6m C B 5m C 2m
4m 75 KN

10 m 4m
110 KN 8m
D
4m

A D A

E F

50 KN 70 KN
18 KN/m
2m 2m 2m
B 8m C 2m E A B

3m

14 KN/m 6m 6m
120 KN

3m
A D

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References:

Aslam Kassimali, Understanding Structural Analysis, 5th Edition, Cengage Learning Asia, Pte Ltd. Phiippines,
2014

R.C. Hibbeler, Structural Analysis, 8th Edition (SI), Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012

Andrew Pytel & Jaan Kiusalaas, Strength of Materials (Philippine Edition), Cengage Learning Asia, Pte 2012

Kenneth M. Leet, Chin-Ming Uang and Gilbert, Fundamentals of Structural Analysis, McGraw – Hill
Companies, Inc. N.Y., N.Y., 2011

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