g¨vwUª·

g¨vwUª·t KZ¸‡jv msL¨v‡K mvwi Ges Kjv‡g mvRv‡j Dfq cv‡k [] ev, ()
eÜbxØviv Ave× Ki‡j g¨vwUª· Drcbœ nq| g¨vwUª· Gi wb‡Ri †Kv‡bv gvb †bB|
†Kv‡bv g¨vwUª‡·i AšÍM©Z msL¨v ¸wj‡K H g¨vwUª‡·i f~w³ (Entry) ejv nq|
Avbyf~wgK eivei Aew¯’Z f~w³ ev f~w³ mg~n‡K GK‡Î GKwU mvwi Ges
Dj¤^ eivei Aew¯’Z f~w³ ev f~w³ mg~n‡K GK‡Î GKwU Kjvg ejv nq|
eM© g¨vwUª·t †h g¨vwUª· mvwi I Kjvg msL¨v mgvb Zv‡K eM©
g¨vwUª· e‡j| GKwU mvwi wewkó g¨vwUª·‡K mvwi g¨vwUª· (row matrix) ev
mvwi †f±i (row vector) ejv nq| Avevi GKwU Kjvg wewkó g¨vwUª·‡K Kjvg

[]
a11
a21
a31
g¨vwUª· (colum matrix) ev Kjvg †f±i (colum vector) ejv nq| †hgb GKwU
Kjvg Ges [a11a12,a13] GKwU mvwi g¨vwUª·|
KY© g¨vwUª·t †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i g~L¨ K‡Y©i f~w³ mg~n Ak„b¨ Ges

[ ]
a 0 0
0 b 0
Aewkó mKj f~w³ k~b¨ Zv‡K KY© g¨vwUª· ejv nq| †hgb: 0 0 c GKwU
KY© g¨vwUª·|
†¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·t †h KY© g¨vwUª‡·i Aïb¨ f~w³ mg~n mgvb Zv‡K †¯‹jvi

[ ]
a 0 0
0 a 0
g¨vwUª· ejv nq| †hgb: 0 0 a GKwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·|
A‡f`K g¨vwUª·t †h eM© g¨vwUª‡·i gyL¨ K‡Y©i f~w³ mg~n 1 Ges
Aewkó mKj f~w³ k~b¨ Zv‡K A‡f`K g¨vwUª· ejv nq Ges n ch©vq wewkó

[ ]
1 0 0
0 1 0
[ ]
1 0
A‡f`K g¨vwUª·‡K ln Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| †hgb= l3= 0 0 1 , I2 = 0 1
Uªv݇cvR g¨vwUª·t GKwU g¨vwUª· A Gi Kjvg‡K mvwi‡Z A_ev mvwi‡K
Kjv‡g cwibZ K‡i †h bZzb g¨vwUª· cvIqv hvq Zv‡K cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª· A Gi
Uªv݇cvR g¨vwUª· ejv nq Ges g¨vwUª·‡K A ev AT Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
A = 1 1 0 n‡j, AT = 0 1 0
cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Symmetric matrix)t GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A Ges Gi
Uªv݇cvR g¨vwUª· AT ci¯úi mgvb n‡j Zv‡K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j| cÖwZmg
g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡ÎÑ(i, j) I (j, i)Zg fyw³Øq ci¯úi mgvb I mgwPýhy³ n‡e †hLv‡b i 

[ ] [ ]
1 2 3 1 2 3
2 6 4 2 6 4
j| A = 3 4 5 n‡j AT = 3 4 5 A_©vr A = AT;  A GKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·|
wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· (Skew Symmetric matrix)t GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· A
Gi Uªv݇cvR g¨vwUª· AT Ges A = AT n‡j Zv‡K wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· e‡j|
wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î gyL¨ K‡Y©i f~w³¸wj k~b¨ nq Ges (i, j) I (j, i)Zg
f~w³Øq ci¯úi mgvb wKš‘ wecixZ wPýhy³ n‡q †hLv‡b i  j|
Type-01
†hvM, we‡qvM I ¸Yb g¨vwUª·t
# †hvM we‡qvM g¨vwUª·t `ywU g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi Ges Kjvg msL¨v
mgvb n‡jB †KejgvÎ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hvM ev we‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e| g¨vwUª‡·i †hvM
ev we‡qvM ej‡Z cÖ‡Z¨KwU Ae¯’v‡bi Dcv`v‡bi †hvM ev we‡qvM eySvq|

D`vniY-01
6 7
[ ] 1 3
[ ] [
6+1 7+3
] [
7 10
t †hgb, A= 8 9 , Ges B = 2 4 n‡j, A+B= 8+2 9+4 = 10 13
]
Ans:

D`vniY-02
[ 6 7
] [ 1 3
]
t A= 8 9 , Ges B = 2 4 n‡j, AB=?

[ ] [ ]
6 7
mgvavb t A= 8 9 , B = 2 4
1 3

[ ][ ]
6 7 1 3
AB= 8 9  2 4

[ 6-1 7−3
][ ]
5 4
= 8-2 9−4 = 6 5 Ans:
# g¨vwUª‡·i ¸bbt `ywU g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ ¸b Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨B cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i
Kjvg msL¨v wØZxq g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v mgvb n‡Z nq|
Technique: `ywU g¨vwUª‡·i g‡a¨ ¸Y Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_g g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi eivei
Ae¯’v‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ¸Y K‡i gvSLv‡b †hvM wPý emv‡Z nq|

D`vniY-03
[ ]
1 2 3 5 5
t A= 3 4 , Ges B = 6 7 8 AB=?
[ ]
[ ]
1 2
mgvavb t A= 3 4 , B =
[ 3 5 5
6 7 8 ]
[
1×3+2×6
AB = 3×3+4×6
1×4+2×7 1×5+2×8
3×4+4×7 3×5+4×8 ]
[= 153318 21
]
40 47 23 Ans:

D`vniY-04
[
1 2 3
]
t A = 4 5 6 g¨vwUª·wU KZgvÎv wewkó
1 2 3
mgvavb t †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 4 5 6
[ ]
Avgiv Rvwb, †Kvb g¨vwUª· Gi gvÎvt mn †hLv‡b, m = mvwi msL¨v Ges n
= Kjvg msL¨v| cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª‡·i Gi gvÎv 23
KviY mvwi 2wU I Kjvg 3wU Ans:
D`vniY-05 t hw` A GKwU 75 gvÎv Ges B GKwU 52 gvÎvi g¨vwUª· nq,
Z‡e BA Gi gvÎv KZ?
mgvavb t BA ¸bb m¤¢e bq KviY B Gi Kjvg msL¨v Ges A Gi mvwi msL¨v
mgvb bv|
 Problem for Practics:

( 2 −2
) 2 2
( )
01. A = −2 2 Ges B = 3 3 AB = ? Ans: 2
(
−2 −2
)
2 [DU: 14-15]

[ ] [
1 i i -1
] 0 0
02. A = −i 1 B = −1 -i Ges i =√−1 n‡j AB = ? Ans: 0 0
[ ]
(2 0
) 3 0
( ) 6
(0
)
03. A = 0 −3 , B = 5 1 nq, Z‡e AB = ? Ans: −15 −3 [DU: 05-06, JNU: 05-06]

( )
2 −3
(
−5 −12
04. hw` A = 3 2 nq, Z‡e A2 mgvb= ? Ans: 12 −5 [DU: 04-05]
)
( ) ( )
1 0 5 0
(
5 0
)
05. hw` A = 0 5 , B = 2 1 nq, ZLb AB= ? Ans: 10 5 [DU: 03-04, RU: 06-07]

( )
0 −1
()
x y
( )
06. hw` A = 1 0 Ges  = y nq Zvn‡j A= ? Ans: X = -x [JNU: 09-10]

( )( ) ( )
3 4 x -5
07. 4 6 y = -7 n‡j x I y Gi gvb KZ? Ans: 1,  [JU: 14-15]
08. hw` A I B `yBwU g¨vwUª· nq Ges A+I2=B nq Z‡e B Gi Z‡e BA Gi gvÎv KZ
n‡e? Ans: (22) [RU: 15-16]

[]1
(
3 2
)
09. A= 6 , B=[ 3 2 ] g¨vwUª· `ywU ¸Ydj n‡eÑ Ans: 18 12 [RU: 10-11]
10. `ywU g¨vwUª· A I B Gi gvÎv h_vµ‡g (32) I (43) n‡j BA gvÎv n‡e| Ans:42
[IU: 05-06,02-03]

Type-02
e¨wZµgx ev Singular
e¨wZµgxt †h g¨vwUª‡·i gvb k~b¨ Zv‡K e¨wZµgx ev singular g¨vwUª·
e‡j|

[ ]
2 3 2 3
[ ]
†hgb: A= 4 6 n‡j, |A| = 4 6 = 1212 = 0
 A GKwU e¨wZµgx matrix.

D`vniYÑ01 t 5
a+3
[ 6
]
a−4 e¨wZµgx n‡j a = ?
mgvavbt g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx e‡j,
 (a+3)(a4)30 = 0
 a2a42 = 0
 (a7) (a+6) = 0
 a= 6,7 Ans:

[ ]
−4 1 −1
¿ 11 9
D`vniYÑ02 t  Gi gvb KZ n‡j g¨vwUª· e¨wZµgx n‡e? 11 16 14 matrix
wU e¨wZµgx e‡jÑ

[ ]
−4 1 −1
¿ 11 9
mgvavbt 11 16 14 =0
 4 (1114169)1 (14911) 1 (161111) = 0
 4 (154144) 1(1499) 1(161111)=0
 4014+99 16+121=0
 30+180=0
 30=180
 = 6 Ans:

Problem for Practics:

(m−2
01. 2
6
)
m−3 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` m Gi gvb? Ans: 6, 1 [DU: 11-12]

(p+4
02. 2
8
)
p−2 g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx nq hw` p Gi gvb? Ans: 6, 4 [DU: 09-10]

(
03. 2
p−4
p +2 ) g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e hw` p Gi gvb? Ans: 4, 6 [DU: 07-08,
8

05-06]

(
04. 8
p−4 7
)
p−5 g¨vwUª·wU singular n‡e hw` p Gi gvb nq? Ans: 3, 12 [KU: 11-12]

[ ]
a 3
05. -4 1 GKwU singular g¨vwUª· n‡j ‘a’ Gi gvb KZ? Ans: 12 [CU: 15-16]

Type-03
wecixZ ev Inverse Matrix
A GKwU Ae¨wZµgx eM© g¨vwUª· n‡j Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·‡K A-1 Øviv cÖKvk
Kiv nq| Ges A-1 = . Adj (A)
wecixZ matrix cvIqvi kZ©t
i. square/ eM© matrix n‡Z n‡e|
ii. Not-singula/ Ae¨wZµgx matrix n‡Z n‡e A_©vr |A|  0
Properties:
i. AA1 = A1A = I
ii. (A+B)1= A1+B1
 iii. (AB)1= B1A1
iv. (A1)1 = A

( 2 4
)
D`vniYÑ01 t A = 3 8 n‡j A = ? 1

( )
2 4
mgvavbt A = 3 8

( ) ( )
8 -4
A = -3 2 = -3 2 Ans:
1
8 -4

( 1 2
)
D`vniYÑ02 t A = 3 4 nq Z‡e A = ? 1

( 1 2
mgvavbt A = 3 4
)
( 4 -2
A = -3 1
1 )
( )
4 -2
= -3 1 Ans:

( 2 3
)
D`vniYÑ03 t 4 6 n‡j A = ? 1

( 2 3
mgvavbt A = 4 6
)
|A| = 2634 = 1212 = 0
∵ |A| = 0 †m‡nZz A1 m¤¢e bq|

Problem for Practics:

(cosθ sinθ
) cosθ -sinθ
(
01. -sinθ cosθ Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·Ñ Ans: sinθ cosθ [DU: 13-14, RU: 15-16]
)
( )
-2 1

02. hw` =
3
2
−
1
( 1 2
)
nq Z‡e A mgvbÑ Ans: 3 4 [DU: 10-11]
2 1

( 7 6
) ( 7 -6
)
03. hw` A = 8 7 n‡j A =? Ans: -8 7 [DU: 08-09]
1

[ 1 -2
]
04. M = -3 5 n‡j M 1 [ −5 −2
]
mgvb KZ? Ans: −3 −1 [JNU: 16-17]

(
-7 -3
) 1 4 3
05. A = 2 4 n‡j A1 mgvb KZ? Ans: 2 -2 −1 [JNU: 14-15]
( )
Type-04
mgZv g¨vwUª·
mgZv g¨vwUª·t `ywU mgvb n‡j Abyiƒc Ae¯’v‡bi Dcv`vb ¸‡jv mgvb

[ ][ ]
x y 2 -6
n‡e| A_©vr a b = 7 4 n‡j, x = 2, y = 6, a = 7, b = 4
D`vniYÑ01
[t x+2y
2
5
] [
-3 = a
8 x +2y
-b ]
n‡j x+22-a+b Gi gvb KZ?
mgvavbt x+2y =8,
x+y = 5
(-) (-) (-)
y=3
 y = 3, x = 2
a = 2, b = 3
x+2ya+b = 2+2.32+3 = 9 Ans:

Problem for Practics:

01. 7
x− y
[ 1 8 1
][ ]
x+ y = 7 2 n‡j (x, y) = ? Ans: (5,-3) [DU: 02-03]

02. hw`
2x− y 1
3 [
6 5
][ ]
y = 3 −2 nq Z‡e x Gi gvb KZ ? Ans: 2 [JU: 15-16]

wbY©vqK (Determinant)
wbY©vqKt wbY©vqK n‡”Q eM© g¨vwUª‡·i GKwU we‡kl cÖKvi dvskb|
G‡K `yBU Lvov `v‡Mi g‡a¨ wjLv nq| A eM© g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vqK |A| ev Det
(A) Øviv m„wPZ Kiv nq|
a b
[ ] a b
†hgb c d g¨vwUª·wUi mswkøó wbY©vqK n‡”Q c d =ad – bc
[ ]
[ ]
a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3
A= Z…Zxq µ‡qi g¨vwUª·wUi mswkøó wbY©vqK |A| =

[ ]
a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3
c1 c2 c3
cÖ‡Z¨KwU wbY©vq‡Ki GKwU wbw`©ó gvb Av‡Q|
wbY©vq‡Ki †gŠwjK ¸Yvewjt
†Kvb wbY©vqKi mvwi¸wj Zv‡`i Abyiƒc Kjvg mg~n cwiewZ©Z n‡j Ges
Kjvg ¸wj Zv‡`i Abyiƒc mvwimg~‡n cwieZ©b n‡j, wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi †Kvb

[ ] [ ]
a1 b1 c1 a1 a2 a3
a2 b2 c2 b1 b2 b3
a3 b3 c3 c1 c2 c3
cwieZ©b nq bv| †hgbÑ D= &D=  D=D
i. †Kvb wbY©vqK `yBwU mvwi ev Kjv‡gi me¸wj Dcv`vb k~b¨ n‡j,

[ ]
a1 b1 0
a2 b2 0
a3 b3 0
wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~b¨ nq †hgb, D= =0
 ii. †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki `ywU ev Kjv‡gi Abyiƒc Dcv`vb¸wj Awfbœ n‡j, Zvi

[ ] [ ]
a1 1 1 a1 b1 c1
a2 1 1 a2 b2 c2
a3 1 1 a3 b3 c3
gvb k~b¨ nq †hgb, D= =0, D = =0
iii. †Kvb wbY©qv‡Ki †h †Kvb `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg ci¯úi ¯’vb wewbgq
Ki‡j, wbY©vqKwUi wPý e`‡j hvq wKš‘ wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi †Kvb

[ ] [ ] [ ]
a1 b1 c1 b1 a1 c1 a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 b2 a2 c2 a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3 b3 a3 c3 a3 b3 c3
cwieZ©b nq bv| †hgb, D = =  , D = = 

[ ]
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
a3 b3 c3

Type-01
Abyivwkt †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Abyivwk †ei Ki‡Z n‡j H eivei Dcv`v‡bi mvwi
Ges Kjvg ev` w`‡q hv Aewkó _v‡K ZvB Abyivwk| G‡ÿ‡Î Dcv`v‡bi Ae¯’v‡bi
wPý MYbv Kiv nq bv|
mn¸bKt †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi mn¸bK †ei Ki‡Z n‡j H Dcv`v‡bi Abyivwk Av‡M H
Dcv`v‡bi Ae¯’v‡bi h_vh_ wPý emv‡jB mn¸bK cvIqv hvq|
D`vniYÑ01 t 1 n‡j 6 (i) mn ¸bK I (ii) Abyivwk wbY©q Ki|
mgvavb t mn¸YKt 1 6 Dcv`vb mn¸bK n‡jÑ
= 1 =  (814) = 6 Ans:
Note: 6 Gi mn¸bK‡K wb‡¤œv³ wewfbœ Dcvq †`Lv hvq|
= 1 or -1 or -1 or -1 or 1 or 6
(ii) Abyivwkt 1 6 Gi Abyivwk = 1 = 8 – 14 =  6 Ans:
D`vniYÑ02 A= 1 n‡j a23 Gi AbyivwkÑ
mgvavb t A= 1 a23 = 1 = 814=6

Problem for Practics:

01. 2 wbY©vqKwUi ‘O’ Gi mn¸YK KZ? Ans: 24 [DU: 97-98]
02. 1 wbY©vqKwUi ‘6’ Gi mn¸YK KZ? Ans: -1 [DU: 95-96]
03. 2 n‡j 7 Dcv`vbwUi Abyivwk=?
Type-02
gvb wbY©q
wbY©vq‡Ki †ÿ‡Î †ewki fvM As‡K †h †Kv‡bv GKwU mvwi A_ev Kjvg eivei 1
A_ev GKB Dcv`vb _v‡K| GmKj †ÿ‡Î mvwi †_‡K mvwi ev Kjvg †_‡K Kjvg
we‡qvM Ki‡j `ywU Ae¯’v‡b (O) P‡j Av‡m Ges 33 wbY©vqK 22 wbY©vqK
iƒcvšÍi nq| ZLb Avov Avwo ¸b K‡i mivmwi gvb †ei Kiv hv‡e| hw` mvwi ev
Kjvg eivei GKB Dcv`vb bv _v‡K †m †ÿ‡Î mivmwi wemZxZ K‡i gvb †ei Ki‡Z
nq|

D`vniYÑ01 t a Gi gvb KZ?

mgvavb t a
= a-b r11=
 =  1 a-b=
= 1 [(ab)(cb)(bc)(ba)
= 1 [(ab)(cb)(cb)(ab)
= 10 = 0 Ans:
D`vniYÑ02 t 1 Gi gvb KZ?
mgvavb t 1 = 0 c11=
= (x-a)(a+b)(a-b)(a-b)(x-a)(x+a)
= (x-a)(a-b)(a+b-x-a)
= (x-a)(a-b)(b-x)
 (x-a)(a-b)(b-x) = 0
 x = a, b Ans:

D`vniYÑ03 t 10 Gi gvb KZ?

mgvavb t 10
= -1 =0 c11=
= 10 (31) = 20 Ans:
D`vniYÑ04 t 10 Gi gvb ?
mgvavb t wbY©vqKwU‡Z x = 1, y =2, z = 3 we‡ePbv Ki‡j wbY©vqKwUi AvKvi
nq 3
= 3 (20-9)1 (5-6)+2 (3-8) = 24
GLb Dˇii Rb¨ †h option ¸‡jv Av‡Q, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hB option G x=1, y=2, z=3
emv‡j 24 cvIqv hv‡e †mwU correct option.
A. 4xyz B. x2yz C. xy2z D. xyz2
Option (A)  [Link] = 24 Ans:

D`vniYÑ05 t a-3= wbY©vqKwUi gvbk~b¨ n‡j a = ?

mgvavb t a-3= = 0  (a-3)(a+4)-8 = 0
 a2+4a-3a-12-8 = 0  a2+a-20 = 0
 a2+5a-4a-20 = 0  (a+5)(a-4) = 0
 a = 4,  5 Ans:

Problem for Practics:

01. k G †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ 1 wbY©vqKwUi gvb k~b¨ n‡e bv| Ans: k = 3 [DU: 17-
18]
02.  = 0 x = ? Ans: ,  [DU: 14-15]
5
03. 0 = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb = ? Ans: 2 [DU: 13-14]
04. 1 = ? Ans:0 [DU: 09-10]
05. -2= wbY©vqKwUi gvb 0 n‡j,  = ? Ans: 1, 3 [DU: 01-02]
06. 10 =? Ans:0 [DU: 96-97]
07. 1 wbY©vqKwUi gvb 2; k =? Ans: 9 [DU: 00-01, CU: 12-13, KU: 12-13]
08. 1 =? Ans: 0 [JU: 10-11]
09. 1 wbY©vqKwU gvb KZ? Ans: 0 [JU: 09-10]
10. 13 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb? Ans: 0 [JNU: 09-10]
11. wbY©vqK 2! Gi gvb †KvbwU? Ans: 512 [SU: 16-17]
12. 2 wbY©vqKwUi gvb n‡e? Ans: 2 [CU: 12-13]
13. D = 10 n‡j D Gi gvb KZ=? Ans: 103 [CU: 08-09]

Aa¨vq:01:
g¨vwUª· I wbY©vqK
& cÖkœ 01

[ ] []
2 1 3 x
A=[ a
−a+1 −a ]
a+1
, B= 1 0
3 4 −5
2 , X= y
x

[]
4
Ges C= 0 .
2
K. a = 5 n‡j †`LvI †h, A GKwU A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwUª·| 2
L. BTwecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki| 4
M. BX = C n‡j, †µgv‡ii m~Î e¨envi K‡i mgvavb Ki|4
01bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A =
a
[
−a+1 −a
a+1
a = 5 n‡j, ]
A= [ a
−a+1 −a
a+1
]
[ ]
=
5
−4 −5
6

A2=A.A

[ ][
=
5 6
−4 −5 −4 −5
5 6
]
[ =
525−24 30−30
−20+20 −24+25 ]
[ ]
=
1 0
0 1
=I
†h‡nZz A2=ImyZivs A GKwU A‡f`NvwZ g¨vwÆ· | (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

[ ]
2 1 3
L †`Iqv Av‡Q, B= 1 0 2
3 4 −5

[ ]
2 1 3
T
 T=
B 1 0 2
¿
3 4 −5

[ ]
2 1 3
=1 0 4
3 2 5

[ ]
2 1 3
B 1 0 4
T=

3 2 5
=2(0-8)-1(-5-12)+3(2-0)
=-16+17+6
=7≠0
B Gi mn¸bKmg~n :
T

BT11=
0 4
|
2 −5
=0-8=-8|
 BT12=- |13 −54 |=-(-5-12) =17
BT13=-|13 02|=2-0=2
=-|
2 −5|
1 3
BT21 =-(-5-6) = 17

=|
3 −5|
2 3
BT22 =-10-9) = -19

=-|
3 2|
2 1
BT23 =-(4-3) = -1

=-|
0 4|
1 3
BT31 =-4-0=4

=-|
1 4|
2 3
BT32 =-(8-3) = -5

=-|
1 0|
2 1
BT33 =-0-1=-1

[ ]
BT11 BT12 BT13
T T T
Adj BT= B 21 B22 B23
B T31 BT32 BT33
1
BT Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·, (BT)-1= .Adj BT
BT

[ ]
−8 11 4
1
= 17 0 2
7
3 4 −5

[ ]
−8 11 4
7 7 7
17 −19 −5
=
7 7 7
2 −1 −1
7 7 7

[ ]
−8 11 4
7 7 7
17 −19 −5
wb‡Y©q BT Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª·,
7 7 7
2 −1 −1
7 7 7

[ ] [] []
2 1 3 x 4
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, B= 1 0 2 , X= y Ges C = 0 .
3 4 −5 x 2

[ ][ ] [ ]
2 1 3 x 4
BX = C n‡j, 1 0 2 y =0
3 4 −5 x 2

[ ][]
2 x+ y +3 Z 4
ev, x +0 y +2 z = 0
3 x + 4 y−5 z 2
2 x + y +3 Z=4
 x +0 y +2 z=0
3 x+ 4 y −5 z =2
 | |
2 1 3
 D= 1 0 2
3 4 −5
= 2(0 – 8) –1(-5 – 6) + 3 (4 – 0)
= -16 + 11 + 12 = 7

| |
4 1 3
Dy = 0 0 2
2 4 −5
= 4(0 – 8) – 1(-0 – 4) + 3 (0 – 0)
= –32 + 4 + 0 = 28.

| |
2 4 3
Dy = 1 0 2
3 2 −5
= 2(0 – 4) – 4(–5 – 6) + 3 (2- 0)
= –8 + 44 + 6 = 42.

| |
2 1 4
Dz = 1 0 0
3 4 2
= 2(0 – 0) – 1(2 – 0) + 4 (4 - 0)
= 0 –2 + 16 = 14.
Dx −28 D 42 D 14
x= = = 4; y = y = = 6 Gesz = z = =2
D 7 D 7 D 7
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, (x, y, z) = (-4, 6, 2)

& cÖkœ 02

[ ] [ ] [] []
12 3 0 1 0 1 x 1
A = 1 2 1 , B = 0 2 0 ,C = y , D = 2 ,
6 1 0 3 0 1 z 1
K. | A|Gi (3, 2) Zg f~w³i mn¸YK wbY©q Ki| 2
L. 5A2 – 3IwbY©q Ki, †hLv‡b IA‡f` g¨vwUª·|4
M. BC = Dn‡j, †µgv‡ii wbq‡g mgxKiY †RvUwU mgvavb Ki| 4
02bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

| |
12 3 0
| |
K. A 1 2 1
16 1 0

| A| Gi (3, 2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK = −

12 0
1 1| |
= −( 12−0 )=−12
wb‡Y©q (3,2) Zg fzw³i mn¸YK −12
L. A2 = A.A

[ ][ ]
12 3 0 12 3 0
= 1 2 1 1 2 1
6 1 0 6 1 0

[ ]
12× 12+ 3× 1+0 ×6 12× 3+3 ×2+0 × 1 12 ×0+3 ×1+ 0× 0
= 1 ×12+2× 1+1× 6 1 ×3+2 ×2+1 ×1 1 ×0+ 2× 1+ 1× 0
6 ×12+1× 1+0 ×6 6 ×3+1 ×2+ 0× 1 6 ×0+ 1× 1+ 0× 0
 [ ]
147 42 3
= 20 8 2
73 20 1

[ ][ ]
147 42 3 1 0 0
GLb, 5A2−3 I =5 20 8 2 −3 0 1 0
73 20 1 0 0 1

[ ][ ]
735 210 15 3 0 0
= 100 40 10 − 0 3 0
365 100 5 0 0 3

[ ]
732 210 15
= 100 37 10
365 100 2

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 0 1 x 1
M. BC = D n‡j, = 0 2 0 y = 2
3 0 1 z 1

[ ][]
x +0. y + z 1
ev, 0. x +2 y +0. z = 2
3 x +0. y + z 1
x+ 0. y+ z =1
 0. x+ 2 y + 0. z=2
3 x+ 0. y + z=1

| |
1 0 1
 ∆= 0 2 0 = 1(2-0)+0+1(0-6)=2-6=-4
3 0 1

| |
1 0 1
∆ x = 2 2 0 = 1(2-0)+0+1(0-2)=2-2=0
1 0 1

| |
1 1 1
∆ y = 0 2 0 =1(2-0)-1(0-0) +1(0-6)=2-6=-4
3 1 1

| |
1 0 1
∆ =
Ges z 0 2 2 = 1(2-0)-0+1(0-6)=2-6=-4
3 0 1
∆ 0 ∆ y −4 ∆ −4
 x= x = =0; y = = = 1Ges z= z = =1
∆ −4 ∆ −4 ∆ −4
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x,y,z) = (0,1,1).

& cÖkœ 03

[ ]
3+ x 4 2
A= 4 2+ x 3 ,
2 3 4+ x

K. B+2 I = ( 42 35)n‡j B wbY©q Ki| 2

L. | A| = 0 n‡j mgvavb †mU wbY©q Ki| 2
M. x = −1n‡j,A-1wbY©q Ki| 4
03bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, B+2 I =
4 3
2 5 ( )
ev, (42 35)−2 I =(42 35)−2(10 01) ¿( 42 35)−(20 02)=( 22 33)
B=

B=(
2 3)
2 3
wb‡Y©q

[ ]
3+ x 4 2
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q,A = 4 2+ x 3
2 3 4+ x

| |
3+ x 4 2
| A| = 0 n‡j, 4 2+ x 3 = 0
2 3 4+x
ev,(3+x) {(2+x) (4+x)-9}-4(16+4x-6)+2(12-4-2x) = 0

ev, x3+6x2-x+3x2+18x-3-16x-40+16-4x = 0
ev, (3+x) (x2+6x+8-9)-4(4x+10)+2(8-2X) = 0

ev, x3+9x2-3x-27= 0
ev, x2(x+9)-3(x+9) = 0
ev, (x+9)(x2-3) = 0
nq, x+9 = 0
ev, x -9
A_ev, x2-3= 0
ev, x2 = 3
ev, x = ± √ 3
wb‡Y©q mgvavb †mU = {-9√ 3 , √ 3 }

[ ]
3+ x 4 2
M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,A = 4 2+ x 3
2 3 4+ x

[ ]
2 4 2
x = -1 n‡j, A = 4 1 3
2 3 3
 | A| = 2(3-9)-4(12-6)+2(12-2)
= -12-24+20 = -16 ≠ 0
 | A|≠ 0
 A-1 we`¨vgvb|

GLb, A11 = |13 3

3 |
= 3−9=−6

=| |
4 3
A12 = −(12−6)=−6
2 3
=| |
4 1
A13 = 12−2=10
2 3
=| |
4 2
A21 = (12−6)=10
3 3
=| |
2 2
A22 = 6−4=2
2 3
=| |
2 4
A23 = −( 6−8 ) =2 s
2 3
=| |
2 2
A31 =12−2=10
1 3
=| |
2 2
A32 =−(6−8)=2
4 3
=| |
2 4
A33 =2−16=−14
4 1
 [ ]
A11 A12 A 13
Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23
A 31 A32 A 33

[ ]
−6 −6 10
= −3 2 2
10 2 −14

[ ]
−6 −6 10
= −6 2 2
10 2 −14
1
A-1 = Adj A
| A|

[ ]
−6 −6 10
1
= −6 2 2
−16
10 2 −14

[ ]
3 3 −5
8 8 8
3 −1 −1
=
8 8 8
−5 −1 7
8 8 8

[ ]
3 3 −5
8 8 8
3 −1 −1
wb‡Y©q A-1 =
8 8 8
−5 −1 7
8 8 8
&cÖkœ t 4.

[ ] [] [ ]
1 2 −1 x −1
`„k¨Kí-1: A = 3 8 2 , X = y , B= 28 ,
4 9 −1 z 14

`„k¨Kí-2: P =
3 −1
2 −2[,Q=
2 −1
2 −3 ] [ ]
K. P−Q g¨vwUª·wUi bvg wK? 2
L. AX=BmgxKiY‡RvU †µgv‡ii wbq‡g mgvavb Ki| 4
M. wecixZKiY‡hvM¨Zv hvPvBc~e©K A-1wbY©q Ki| 4
[Kz. †ev. 19]
4bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, P=
3 −1
2 −2
,Q=
2 −1
2 −3 [ ] [ ]
P−Q
[
3 −1 2 −1
−
2 −2 2 −3 ][ ]
[ 3−2 −1+1
2−2 −2+3
=
1 0
0 1
= I2. ][ ]
P−Q GKwU A‡f`K g¨vwUª·|

[ ] [] [ ]
1 2 −1 x −1
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 8 2 , X = y , B = 28
4 9 −1 z 14
GLv‡b, AX = B
 [ ][ ] [ ]
1 2 −1 x −1
ev, 3 8 2 y = 28
4 9 −1 z 14

[ ][ ]
x +2 y−z −1
ev, 3 x +8 y +2 z = 28
4 x + 9 y −z 14
x+ 2 y −z=1
 3 x+ 8 y+ 2 z=28
4 x+ 9 y−z=14

| |
1 2 −1
D= 3 8 2 = 1(-8-18)-2(-3-8)-1(27-32)
4 9 −1

| |
−1 2 −1
Dx = 28 8 2 = 1(-8-18)-2(-28-28)-1(252-112)
14 9 −1
¿ 26+112−140=−2

| |
1 −1 −1
Dy = 3 28 2 = 1(-28-28)+1(-3-8)-1(42-112)
4 14 −1
= -56-11+70 = 3

| |
1 2 −1
DZ = 3 8 28 = 1(112-252)-2(42-112)-1(27-31)
4 9 14
= -140+140+5 = 5

D x −2 D 3 D 5
 x= = = -2, y = y = = 3, z = z = = 5
D 1 D 1 D 1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y, z) = (-2, 3, 5).

[ ]
1 2 −1
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 8 2
4 9 −1

[ ]
1 2 −1
| A| = 3 8 2
4 9 −1
= 1(-8-18)-2(-3-8)-1(27-32)= -26+22+5 = 1 ≠ 0
 A-1 we`¨gvb|

A Gi mn¸YKmgyn:
A11 = | |
8 2
9 −1
= −8−18=−26

A12 = | |
3 2
4 −1
= −(−3−8 )=11

A13 = | |
3 8
4 9
= 27−32=−5

A21 = | |
2 −1
9 −1
= −(−2+9 )=−7
 A22 = |14 −1
−1 |
= −1+ 4=3

=| |
1 2
A23 = −( 9−8 ) =−1
4 9
=| |
2 −1
A31 =4 +8=12
8 2
=| |
1 −1
A32 =−( 2+ 3 )=−5
3 2
=| |
1 2
A33 =8−6=2
3 8

[ ]
A11 A12 A 13
 Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23
A 31 A32 A 33

[ ][ ]
−26 11 −5 −26 −7 12
= −7 3 −1 = −11 3 −5
12 −5 2 −5 −1 2

[ ][ ]
1 −26 11 −5 −26 −7 12
1
A-1 = Adj A= = −7 3 −1 = −11 3 −5
| A| 1
12 −5 2 −5 −1 2

[ ]
−26 −7 12
wb‡Y©q A = −11 3 −5
-1

−5 −1 2

&cÖkœ t 5.
A= [
1 −2
3 6
,B= ] [ ] [ ]
3 7
2 1
,C=
0 1
2 8
,
M = [x+2y+3z 2x+y+4z 3x+2y+z]
Ges , N = [-1 2 3]
K. `yBwU g¨vwUª·wU mgvb nIqvi k_©¸wj Kx Kx? 2
L. AB+ B 1−2C wbY©q Ki| 4
M. M = N n‡j †µgv‡ii wbq‡g mgvavb Ki| 4
[P. †ev. 19]
5bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. `yBwU g¨vwUª· mgvb nIqvi kZ©:
`yBwU g¨vwUª· mgvb n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw`-
i. Dfq g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv mgvb nq|
ii. GKwU g¨vwUª‡·i fzw³¸wj Aci g¨vwUª‡·i cÖwZm½x fzw³¸wji mgvb nq|

L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = [ 13 −26 ], B = [ 32 71 ],C=[ 02 18]

=[
3 6 ][2 1 ]
1 −2 3 7
AB

=[
9+12 21+ 6 ] [ 21 27 ]
3−4 2−2 −1 5
=

B =[ ]=[ ] Ges 2C = 2[ ]=[

4 16 ]
1 3 7 3 2 0 1 0 2
2 1 7 1 2 8
AB +B -2C = [
21 27 ] [ 7 1 ] [ 4 16 ]
1 −1 5 3 2 0 2
+ -
 =[−1+3−0
21+7−4
5+ 2−2
27+1−16 ]
=[
24 12 ]
2 5

M. †`IqI Av‡Q, M = [x+2y+3z 2x+y+4z 3x+2y+z]

Ges , N = [-1 2 3]
M = N n‡j, [x+2y+3z 2x+y+4z 3x+2y+z] = [-1 2 3]
 x+2y+3z = -1
2x+y+4z = 2
3x+2y+z = 3

| |
1 2 3
GLv‡b, D= 2 1 4
3 2 1
¿ 1(1−8)−2(2−12)+3(4−3)
¿−7+20+3=16

| |
−1 2 3
Dx = 2 1 4
3 2 1
¿−1(1−8)−2(2−12)+3(4−3)
¿−7+20+3=30

| |
1 −1 3
Dy = 2 2 4
3 3 1
¿ 1 ( 2−12 ) +1(2−12)+3(6−6)
¿−10−10+ 0=20

| |
1 2 −1
Dz = 2 1 2
3 2 3
¿ 1 ( 3−4 ) −2 ( 6−6 )−1(4−3)
¿−1−0−1=−2
Dx 30 15 D −20 15 −5
 x= = = ,y= y = = =
D 16 8 D 16 8 4

D z −2 −1
Ges z = = =
D 16 8
15 −5 −1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y, z) = ( , , ).
8 4 8

&cÖkœ t 6.

[ ]
2 3 −1
A= 2 0 2
1 −2 0
2
f ( t )=t -3t+2
mgxKiY †RvU : x + y + z=6
x−2 y +2 z=3
2 x+ y−z=1

[ ]
xy (x+ y) yz ( y + z) zx (z+ x)
K. we¯Ívi bv K‡i cÖgvY Ki h, xy yz zx
1 1 1
 x+ y y+z z+x
= xyz 1 1 1 2
z x y
L. f ( A )wbY©q Ki| 4
M. mgxKiY †RvUwU wecixZ g¨vwUª‡·i mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Ki|4
[wm. †ev. 19]

6bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

| |
xy (x + y ) yz ( y+ z ) zx (z + x )
K. evgcÿ = xy yz zx
1 1 1

| |
xyz ( x + y ) xyz ( y + z ) xyz (z + x)
1
= xyz xyz xyz
xyz
z x y

|
( xyz ) x + y y + z z + x
|
2

= 1 1 1
xyz
z x y

| |
x+ y y + z z + x
= xyz 1 1 1
z x y
= Wvbcÿ

[ ] [ ]
xy ( x + y ) yz ( y + z ) zx ( z + x ) x+ y y+ z z+ x
 xy yz zx =xyz 1 1 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
1 1 1 z x y

[ ]
2 3 −1
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 0 2
1 −2 0
Ges f ( t )=t 2-3t+2
 f ( A )= A2−3 A+ 2 I
GLb, A2= A . A

[ ][ ]
2 3 −1 2 3 −1
=2 0 2 .2 0 2
1 −2 0 1 −2 0

[ ]
4+ 6−1 6+0+2 −2+6+ 0
= 4 +0+2 6+0−4 −2+0+ 0
2−4+0 3+0+0 −1−4 +0

[ ]
9 8 4
= 6 2 −2
−2 3 −5

[ ]
2 3 −1
3A =3 6 0 6
3 −6 0

[ ]
6 9 −3
=2 0 2
1 −2 0

[ ]
1 0 0
Ges 2I = 2 0 1 0
0 0 1
 [ ]
2 0 0
=2 0 2 0
0 0 2
2
 f ( A )= A −3 A+ 2 I

[ ][ ][ ]
9 8 4 6 9 −3 2 0 0
= 6 2 −2 - 6 0 6 +0 2 0
−2 3 −5 3 −6 −0 0 0 2

[ ]
9−6 +2 8−9+0 4 +3+0
= 6−6+ 0 2−0+2 −2−6+0
−2−3+ 0 3+ 6+0 −5−0+2

[ ]
5 −1 7
= 0 4 −8
−5 9 −3

[ ]
5 −1 7
wb‡Y©q f ( A )= 0 4 −8
−5 9 −3

M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, x + y + z=6 ...................(1)

x−2 y +2 z=3 ................(2)
2 x+ y−z=1 .......… .... ....(3)

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 1 1 x 6
(1), (2) I (3) bs n‡Z cvB, 1 −2 2 y = 3
2 1 −1 z 1

[ ] [] []
1 1 1 x 6
ev, BX = C; ‡hLv‡b B = 1 −2 2 , X= y Ges C = 3
2 1 −1 z 1
ev, X = B C ........................(4)
-1

[ ]
1 1 1
GLb,|B|= 1 −2 2 = 1(2-2)-1(-1-4)+1(1+4)
2 1 −1
= 0+5+5 = 10 ≠ 0
A_©vr B-1 we`¨gvb|
B Gi mn¸YKmgyn wbY©q Kwi:
B11 = | −2 2
1 −1
= 2−2=0 |
B12 =-| 1 2
2 −1 |
= −(−1−4 )=5

B13 = | 1 −2
2 1
= 1+4=5 |
B21 =- | 1 1
1 −1 |
= −(−1−1 )=2

B22 = | 1 1
2 −1 |
= −1−2=−3

B23 = | 1 1
2 1 |
= −( 1−2 )=1

B31 = | 1 1
−2 2
=2+ 2=4 |
B32 = | 1 1
1 −2 |
=−(2−1)=−1
 B33 = |11 12|=−2−1=−3
[ ]
B11 B12 B13
 Adj B = B 21 B22 B23
B 31 B32 B33

[ ] [ ]
0 5 5 0 2 4
T
= 2 −3 1 = 5 −3 −1
¿
4 −1 −3 5 1 −3

[ ]
AdjB 0 2 4
1
 B-1 = = 5 −3 −1
|B| 10
5 1 −3

[ ] [ ][ ]
x 0 2 4 6
1
(4) n‡Z cvB, y = 5 −3 −1 3
10
z 5 1 −3 1

[ ] [ ] []
0+6 +4 10 1
1 1
= 30−9−1 = 20 = 2
10 10
30+ 3−3 30 3
 x=1 , y=2. z=3
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : ( x , y , z )=( 1 , 2, 3 ) .

&cÖkœ 7: x− y + z=2
2 x+ z =5
x +2 y−3 z=−4

K. g¨vwUª· I wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU cv_©K¨ wjL| 2

L. †µgvi-Gi cÖwµqvq c`Ë mgxKiY †RvU mgvavb Ki| 4
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui PjKmg~‡ni mnM¸wj wb‡q MwVZ g¨vwUª· Gi wecixZ
g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki| 4
[e. †ev. Õ19]

7bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

K. g¨vwUª· I wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU cv_©K¨ :
g¨vwUª· wbY©vqK
1.g¨vwUª‡·i [Link]©vq‡Ki
wbw`©ó †Kvb wbw`©ó gvb
gvb †bB| Av‡Q|
2.g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv [Link]©vq‡Ki gvÎ
AvqZvKvi ev me©`vB
eM©vKvi n‡Z eM©vKvi nq|
cv‡i|

L. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU,x-y+z= 2

2x+0.y+z= 5
x+2y-3z=-4

| |
1 −1 1
GLv‡b, D= 2 0 1
1 2 −3
= 1(0 - 2) +1(-6 - 1) +1(4 - 0)
 =-2-7+4=-5

| |
2 −1 1
Dx = 5 0 1
−4 2 −3
= 2(0 - 2) +1(- 15 + 4) +1(10 - 0)
= -4-11 + 10 =-5

| |
1 2 1
Dy = 2 5 1
1 −4 −3
= 1(- 15+4) - 2(-6-1) + 1(-8-5)
=-11 + 14 – 13 = - 10

| |
1 −1 2
Ges Dz = 2 0 5
1 2 −4
= 1(0 – 10) +1(- 8-5) + 2(4 -0)
=-10 – 13 + ৪ = - 15
D −5 15 D −10 D −15
 x= x = = ,=1 y = y = =2 ,Ges z = z = =3
D −5 8 D −5 D −5
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y, z) = (1 , 2, 3).
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU, x-y+z= 2
2x+0.y+z= 5
x+2y-3z=-4
mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui PjKmg~‡ni mnM¸wj wb‡q MwVZ g¨vwUª·,

[ ]
1 −1 1
A= 2 0 1
1 2 −3

[ ]
1 −1 1
| A| = 2 0 1
1 2 −3
= 1(0-2) +1(-6-1)+1(4-0)
= -2-7+4 = -5≠ 0
 A-1 wbY©q m¤¢e|

A g¨vwUª‡·i mn¸YK¸wj wb¤œiƒc:

A11 = | |
0 1
2 −3
= 0−2=−2

A12 = | |
2 1
1 −3
= −(−6−1 )=7

A13 = | |
2 0
1 2
= 4−0=4

A21 = | |
−1 1
2 −3
= −( 3−2 )=−1

A22 = | |
1 1
1 −3
= −3−1=−4

A23 = −| |
1 −1
1 9
= −( 2+1 )=−3

A31 = | |
−1 1
0 1
=−1−0=−1

A32 = | |
1 1
2 1
=− (1−2 )=1
 A33 = |12 −10 |=0+2=0
[ ]
A11 A12 A 13
 Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23
A 31 A32 A 33

[ ]
−2 7 4
= −1 −4 −3
12 1 2

[ ]
−2 −1 −1
= 7 −4 1
4 −3 2
Adj A 1
A-1 = =
| A| −5

[ ]
2 1 1
5 5 5

[ ]
−2 −1 −1
−7 4 −1
= 7 −4 1 =
5 5 5
4 −3 2
−4 3 −2
5 5 5

[ ]
2 1 1
5 5 5
−7 4 −1
wb‡Y©q wecixZ g¨vwUª·
5 5 5
−4 3 −2
5 5 5
& cÖkœ 8:

[ 16 34 ] ,
`„k¨Kí-1 :A =

B=[
4 3]
2 1
,
3 1 1
`„k¨Kí-2 :2x+3y-5z = 7, x-4y+z = 4, x- y- z = 1.
5 5 5

| |
2 a 6−a
K. we¯Ívi bv K‡i cÖgvY Ki : 3 b 9−b = 0 2
9 c 27−c
L. C = A-B n‡j C2+5B+3I wbY©q Ki| 4
M. `„k¨Kí-2 G ewY©Z mgxKiY †RvUwU †µgv‡ii wbq‡g mgvavb Ki| 4
[w`. †ev. Õ19]
8bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

| |
2 a 6−a
K. evgcÿ = 3 b 9−b
9 c 27−c

| |
2 a 6
= 3 b 9 [c3=c3+c2]
9 c 27

| |
2 a 2
=3 3 b 3
9 c 9
 = 3 × 0 [⸪cÖ_g I 3q Kjvg GKB]
= 0 = Wvbcÿ

| |
2 a 6−a
 3 b 9−b = 0. (cÖgvwYZ)
9 c 27−c

L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = [ ]
1 3
6 4
,B=
2 1
4 3 [ ]
C = A-B
= [ ][
1 3
6 4
-
2 1
4 3 ]
= [
1−2 3−1
6−4 4−3 ] [
=
−1 2
2 1 ]
GLb, C2 [ = ][
−1 2 −1 2
2 1 2 1 ]
= [
1+ 4 2+2
−2+2 4+1 ] [
=
5 0
0 5 ]
 C2+5B+3I = [ 5 0
0 5 ] [
+5
2 1
4 3 ] [ ]
+3
1 0
0 1

[= +][
5 0 10 5
0 5 20 15 0 3
+
][ ]
3 0

[=
5+10+3 0+5+ 0
][ ]
=
0+20+0 5+15+3 20 23
18 5

M. `„k¨Kí-2 G cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †RvU,2x-3y+5z= 7

x+4y+z= 4
3 1 1
x- y- z = 1
5 5 5
PjKmg~‡ni mnM¸wj wb‡q,

| |
2 3 −5
1 −4 1
GLv‡b, D=
3 −1 −2
5 5 5

( ) (
3 1
= 2 + -3
5 5
−2 3
5 5
− -5 ) (
−1 12
5
+
5 )
18 22
= +3-11 = -
5 5

| |
7 3 −5
4 −4 1
Dx =
−1 −2
1
5 5

( ) (
8 1
= 7 + -3
5 5
−8
5
−1 -5 ) (
−4
5
+4 )
63 39 22
= + -16 =
5 5 5

| |
2 7 −5
1 4 1
Dy =
3 −2
1
5 5
 =2 ( −85 1) -7( −25 − 53 ) -5(1 125 )
−26 44
= +7+7 =
5 5

| |
2 3 7
1 −4 4
Ges Dz =
3 −1
1
5 5

( 4
= 2 −4+ -3 1−
5 ) (
12
5 ) +7( −15 + 125 )
−32 21 77 66
= + + =
5 5 5 5
22
Dx 5
 x= = =−1
D −22
5

44
Dy 5
y= = =−2 ,
D −22
5
66
D 5
Ges z = z = =−3
D −22
5
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y, z) = (−1 ,−2 ,−3).

cÖkœ 9: `„k¨Kí-1 : f ( x )=3 x 2+5x

[ ]
I m n
2 2 2
`„k¨Kí-2 : B= I m n
3 3 3
I −1 m −1 n −1

K. hw` ( )
x 2
x 2
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx nq Z‡e x-Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 2

( )
2 1 5
L. A= −1 4 3 n‡j f ( A )wbY©q Ki| 4
4 −7 5
M. `„k¨Kí-2 n‡Z cÖgvY Ki †h, |B| = (Imn-1) (I-m) (m-n) (n-I). 4
[Xv.‡ev., h. †ev., wm. †ev., w`. †ev. Õ18]
9bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K.| |
x 2
x 2
= 2x-2x = 0

 x-Gi mKj ev¯Íe gv‡bi Rb¨

x 2
x 2 ( )
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZKªgx n‡e|
L. `„k¨Kí-1 : Abymv‡i f ( x )=3 x 2+5x

( )
2 1 5
†`Iqv Av‡Q, A= −1 4 3
4 −7 5
 f ( A )=3 A 2+5A
 ( )( )
2 1 5 2 1 5
 A = −1 4 3 −1 4 3
2

4 −7 5 4 −7 5

( )
4−1+ 20 2+4−35 10+3+ 25
= −2−4 +12 −1+16−21 −5+ 12+ 15
8+7+20 4−28−35 20−21+25

( )
23 −29 38
= 6 −6 22
35 −59 24

( )( )
23 −29 38 2 1 5
 f ( A )=3 6 −6 22 +5 −1 4 3
35 −59 24 4 −7 5

( )( )
59 −87 114 10 5 25
= 18 −18 66 + −5 20 15
105 −177 72 20 −35 25

( )
79 −82 139
= 13 2 81
125 −212 97

[ ]
I m n
2 2 2
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, B = I m n
3 3 3
I −1 m −1 n −1

[ ]
I m n
 |B| = I 2
m
2
n
2

3 3 3
I −1 m −1 n −1

[ ][ ]
I m n I m n
2 2 2
= I m n + I 2 m 2 n2
3 3 3
I m n 1 1 1

[ ][ ]
1 1 1 I m n
=I m n I m n + 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
I m n I m n

[ ][ ]
1 1 1 1 1 1
=I m n I m n - I m n
2 2 2 2 2 2
I m n I m n

[ ]
1 1 1
= (Imn-1) I m n
2 2 2
I m n
= (Imn-1)¿
[c '1=c 1−c2 Ges c '2=c 2−c3 ]

= (Imn-1) [ I −m m−n
( I −m)( I + m) (m+n)(m−n) ]
= (Imn-1) (I-m) (m-n) [ 1 1
I +m m+ n ]
= (Imn-1) (I-m) (m-n)(m+n – I-m)
 |B| = (Imn-1) (I-m) (m-n) (n-I). (cÖgvwYZ)
 & cÖkœ 10:

[ ] []
2 1 1 x
M= −1 2 0 , X= y
3 0 1 z
2
x −3
K. ∫ (x ¿) ¿= x− √3
dvsk‡bi †iÄ wbY©q Ki| 2
L. M 1wbY©q Ki| 4

[]
−1
M. M t X = 0 n‡j wbY©vqK c×wZ‡Z mgvavb Ki| 4
2

10bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

2
x −3
K.∫ (x ¿) ¿=
x−√ 3
GLv‡b, x =√ 3e¨vZxZ x Gi mKj ev¯Íe gv‡bi Rb¨ ∫ (x ¿) ¿msÁvwqZ|
x 2−3 ( x+ √3 ) (x−√ 3)
Avevi, ∫ (x ¿) ¿= =
x−√ 3 x−√ 3
= x+√ 3
GLv‡b, †`Lv hv‡”Q, x =√ 3 n‡j∫ (x ¿) ¿=2√ 3
†h‡nZz x ≠√ 3
myZivs ∫ (x ¿) ¿≠2 √ 3
‡iÄ = IR – {2 √ 3 }.

| |
2 1 1
K.|M | = −1 2 0
3 0 1
¿ 2(2−0)−1(−1−0)+1(−0−6)
¿ 4 +1−6=−1 ≠ 0
 M wbY©q‡hvM¨|
-1

M11 =(−1)
1+1 2
0 1| |
0
= 2−0=2

M12 = (−1)
1+2 1
3 1| |
0
= −(−1−0 )=1

M13 = (−1)
1+3 −1
| |
3 0
2
= −0−6=−6

M21(−1)
2+1 1
0 1 | |
1
= −( 1−0 )=−1

M22 =(−1)
2+2 2 1
3 1| | = 2−3=−1

M23 = (−1)
2+3 2
3 0| |
1
= −(0−3)=3

M31 = (−1)
3+1 1 1
2 0| |= 0−2=−2

M32 = (−1)
3+2 2
−1 0| |1
= −( 0+1 )=−1

M33 = (−1)
3+3 2
−1 2| |1
= 4 +1=5
1
 M-1 = Adj M
|M |
 [ ]
2 1 −6
1
= −1 −1 3
−1
−2 −1 5

[ ][ ]
2 −1 −2 −2 1 2
= − −1 −1 −1 = −1 1 1
−6 3 5 6 −3 −5

[]
−1
M. cÖkœg‡Z, M X = 0t

[ ][] [ ]
2 1 1 x −1
t
ev, −1 2 0 y = 0
¿
3 0 1 z 2

[ ][ ] [ ]
2 1 1 x −1
ev, −1 2 0 y = 0
3 0 1 z 2

[ ][]
2 x− y+ 3 z −1
 x +2 y = 0
x+z 2
g¨vwUª‡·i mgZv Abymv‡i, 2x-y+3z= -1
x+2y = 0
x+z = 2

x, y I z Gi mnM¸”Q wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
2 −1 3
D= 1 2 0
1 0 1
= 2(2 - 0) -(-1) (1 - 0) +3(0-2)
= 4+1-6= -1

| |
−1 −1 3
Dx = 0 2 0
2 0 1
= -1(2 - 0) - (- 1) (0 - 0) +3(0-4)
= -2 + 0 =-14

| |
2 −1 3
Dy = 1 0 0
1 2 1
= 2 ( 0−0 )−1 (−1 ) (1−0 ) =3(2−0)
= 0+1+6 = 7

| |
2 −1 −1
Ges Dz = 1 2 0
1 0 2
= 2(4 – 0) - (- 1) (2-0) -1(0-2)
= 8+2+2 = 12
D −14 D 7
 x= x = =14 , y = y = =−7 ,
D −1 D −1
D 12
Ges z = z = = -12
D −1
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x, y, z) = (14 ,−7 ,−12).
& cÖkœ 11:

[ ] [] []
1 4 2 x 2
A= 4 0 3 ,B= y ,C= 5
2 3 2 z 4
K. A C wbY©q K‡i Dnvi gvÎv wbY©q Ki| 2
−1
L. A wbY©q Ki| 4
M. A B = C n‡j, †Kªg‡ii wbq‡g mgxKiY †RvUwUi mgvavb Ki |
4
[Kz. †ev. 19]
11 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ] []
1 4 2 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 4 0 3 Ges C = 5
2 3 2 4

[ ][ ]
1 4 2 2
AC = 4 0 3 5
2 3 2 4

[ ]
1 2+ 4 5+2 4
= 4 2+ 05+ 3 4
2 2+3 5+2 4

[ ][]
2+20+ 8 30
= 8+ 0+12 = 20 3 1
4+ 15+8 27
A C Gi gvÎ3 1.

[ ]
1 4 2
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 4 0 3
2 3 2
| A| = 1(0-9)-4(8-6) +2(12-0)
= -9-8+24 = -17+24 = 7
A Gi mn¸YKmg~n :

A11 = |03 32|= 0−9=−9

=−|
2 2|
4 3
A12 = −( 8−6 ) =−7

=|
2 3|
4 0
A13 = 12−0=12

=−|
3 2|
4 2
A21 = −( 8−6 ) =−2

=|
2 2|
1 2
A22 = 2−4=−2

= −|
2 3|
1 4
A23 = −( 3−8 )=5

=|
0 3|
4 2
A31 =12−0=12

=|
4 3|
1 2
A32 =−( 3−8 )=5

=|
4 0|
1 4
A33 =0−16=−16
 [ ] [ ]
−9 −2 12 −9 −2 12
T
 Adj A = −2 −2 5 = −2 −2 5
¿
12 5 −16 12 5 −16

[ ]
−9 −2 12
Adj A 1
A =-1
= −2 −2 5
| A| 7
12 5 −16
M. A B =C

[ ][] []
1 4 2 x 2
ev, 4 0 3 y = 5
2 3 2 z 4

[ ][]
x +4 y+ 2 z 2
ev, 4 x +0+ 3 z = 5
2 x +3 y +2 z 4
x +4 y+ 2 z=2
ev, 4 x +0+3 z=5
2 x+ 3 y +2 z=4
x, y I z Gi mnM¸‡jv wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
1 4 2
D= 4 0 3
2 3 2
= 1(0 - 9) -4 (8-6) +2 (12 - 0)
= -9-8+24 = 7

| |
2 4 2
Dx = 5 0 3
4 3 2
= 2(0 - 9) -4 (10 - 12) +2 (15 - 0)
= -18 + 8+30 = 20

| |
1 2 2
Dy = 4 5 3
2 4 2
= 1 ( 10−12 )−2 ( 8−6 )+2 ( 16−10 )
= -2-4+12 = 6

| |
1 4 2
Ges Dz = 4 0 5
2 3 4
= 1(0 – 15) - 4(16- 1) +2 (12-0)
= -15-24+24 = -15
D 20 D 6 D −15
x = x = , y = y = Ges z = z =
D 7 D 7 D 7
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY †RvUwUi mgvavb : (x, y, z) = ( 207 , 67 , −157 )
& cÖkœ t 11.

[ ] [] [ ]
1 2 3 x 14
A= 2 4 7 , X = y , B = 31 ,
3 5 10 z 43

[ ]
1 01 1
Ges C = 0 −2 0 .
0 0 0

K. |B|G 7 Gi mM¸YK wbY©q Ki| 2

L. A-1 wbY©q Ki| 4
M. AX = B n‡j wbY©vqK c×wZ‡Z mgvavb‡hvM¨Zv hvPvB K‡i x-Gi gvb
wbY©q Ki|| 4
[Kz. †ev. 19]
11bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ]
1 2 3
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 4 7
3 5 10

[ ]
1 2 3
 | A| = 2 4 7
3 5 10

| A|G 7 Gi mn¸YK =
1 2
3 5 | |
= - (5-6) = -(-1) = 1

 7 Gi mn¸YK 1.

[ ]
1 2 3
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 4 7
3 5 10

| |
1 2 3
| A| = 2 4 7 1(40–35) + 2(21 - 20) + 3(10–12)
3 5 10
= 1.5 + 2.1 + 3(-2) =5+2-6=7–6=1
A Gi mn¸YKmg~n :

A11 = |45 107 |= 40−35=5

= −|
3 10|
2 7
A12 = - (20–21)=-(-1)=1

=|
3 5|
2 4
A13 = 10-12 = -2

=−|
5 10|
2 3
A21 = −( 20−15 )=−5

=|
3 10|
1 3
A22 = 10-9=1

= −|
3 5|
1 2
A23 = −( 5−6 )=− (−1 )=1

=|
4 7|
2 3
A31 =14−12=2

=|
2 7|
1 3
A32 =−( 7−6 )=−1

=|
2 4|
1 2
A33 =4−4=−0

[ ][ ]
A11 A12 A 13 5 1 −2
, ,
 Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23 = −5 1
¿ 1
¿
A 31 A32 A 33 2 −1 0

[ ]
5 −5 2
= 1 1 −1
−2 1 0
 [ ][ ]
5 −5 2 5 −5 2
Adj A 1 ,
 A = -1
= = 1 1 −1 = 1 1 −1
| A| 1
−2 1 0
¿
−2 1 0

[ ]
5 −5 2
 wb‡Y©q gvb, A = 1 1 −1 -1

−2 1 0
M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,

[ ] [] [ ]
1 2 3 x 14
A = 2 4 7 , x= y Ges B= 31
3 5 10 z 43
GLv‡b AX = B

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 2 3 x 14
ev, 2 4 7 y = 31
3 5 10 z 43

[ ][ ]
x+2 y +3 z 14
ev, 2 x+ 4 y +7 z = 31
3 x +5 y +10 z 43
x +2 y+ 3 z=14
ev, 2 x+ 4 y +7 z=31
3 x+ 5 y+10 z=43

| |
1 2 3
 D = 2 4 7 = 1(40-35)+2(21-20)+3(10-12)
3 5 10
= 1.5+2.1+3.(-2) = 5+2-6 = 7-6 = 1
‡h‡nZz D ≠ 0
‡m‡nZz AX = B wbY©vqK c×wZ‡Z mgvavb‡hvM¨|

| |
14 2 3
Dx = 31 4 7
43 5 10
= 14(40-35)+2(301-310)+3(155-172)
= 14.5+2.(-9)+3.(-17) = 70-18-51 = 70-69 = 1

Dx 1
 x= = =1
D 1
wb‡Y©q gvb : x = 1

& cÖkœ t 12.

[ ]
1 −1 2
A= 0 2 −3 , B =
−3 −2 4
1 2
3 4 [ ]
[ ]
2 2 2
x y z
GesD = yz zx xy
x y z
K. †`LvI †h, B+BTGKwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki : D = (x-y) (y-z) (z-x) (xy+yz+zx)|4
M. A wecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki|| 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 1]
12bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, B = [ 13 24]
GLb, B+B = [
3 4] [ 3 4] ¿
1 2
T 1 2 T
+

=[ ] +[ ] [ 5 8]
1 2 1 3 2 5
=
3 4 2 4

Avevi, (B+B ) = [[
5 8 ]] ¿ [ 5 8 ]
2 5 T 2 5
T T T
= = B+B
⸪ (B+BT )T = B+BT
myZivsB+BT cÖwZmg|

[ ]
2 2 2
x y z c' =c −c
1 1 2
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, D = yz zx xy '
c =c −c
x y z 1 1 2

| |
2
x+ y y+ z z
=(x-y) (y-z) −z − x xy
1 1 z

| |
2
x−z y+z z
''
=(x− y )( y−z ) x−z −x xy c 1 =c 1−c 2
0 1 z

| |
2
1 y+ z x
=( x− y ) ( y−z ) (x−z ) 1 −x xy
0 1 z

| |
2
0 y + z + z x −xy
''
= ( x− y ) ( y−z ) (x−z ) 1 −x xy R1 =R1−R 2
0 1 z

| |
2
x+ y+ z x −xy
=( x− y ) ( y−z ) (x−z )
1 z
[1g Kjv‡gi mv‡c‡ÿ we¯Ívi]
= x− y y−z (z−x ) { zx+ yz + z 2−z 2+ xy })
( ) ( )
=( x− y ) ( y−z ) (z−x )( xy + yz + zx )
= Wvbcÿ
 D = (x-y) (y-z) (z-x) (xy+yz+zx). (cÖgvwYZ)

A21 =− |25 103 |= −( 20−15)=−5

=|
3 10|
1 3
A22 = 10-9=1

= −|
3 5|
1 2
A23 = −( 5−6 )=− (−1 )=1

=|
4 7|
2 3
A31 =14−12=2

=|
2 7|
1 3
A32 =−( 7−6 )=−1

=|
2 4|
1 2
A33 =4−4=−0
 [ ][ ]
A11 A12 A 13 5 1 −2
, ,
 Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23 = −5 1
¿ 1
¿
A 31 A32 A 33 2 −1 0

[ ]
5 −5 2
= 1 1 −1
−2 1 0

[ ][ ]
Adj A 1 5 −5 2 5 −5 2
,
 A = -1
= = 1 1 −1 = 1 1 −1
| A| 1
−2 1 0
¿
−2 1 0

[ ]
5 −5 2
 wb‡Y©q gvb, A = 1 1 −1 -1

−2 1 0

M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q,

[ ]
1 −1 2
A= 0 2 −3
−3 −2 4
 | A| = 1(8-6) + 1 (0-9) + 2 (0+6) = 2-9+12 = 5 ≠ 0
 A−1we`¨vgvb
A Gi cÖwZwU Dcv`v‡bi mn¸YKmg~n :
A11 =
2 −3
−2 4 | = 8−6=2 |
A12 = −
0 −3
−3 4 |
= - (0–9) = 9 |
A13 =
0
−3 −2
2
|=0−6=6 |
A21 =−
−1 2
−2 4 |
= −(−4+ 4 ) =0 |
A22 =
1 2
−3 4 |
= 4 +6=10 |
A23 = −
1 −1
−3 2 |
= −(−2−3 )=5 |
A31 =
−1 2
2 −3 |=3−4=−1 |
A32 =−
1 2
0 3 | |
=−(−3−0 )=3

A33 =
1 −1
0 2 | |
=2−0=2

[ ][ ]
A11 A12 A 13 2 9 6
T
Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23 = 0 10 5 T
¿ ¿
A 31 A32 A 33 −1 3 2

[ ]
2 0 −1
= 9 10 3
6 5 2
 Adj A
 A-1 = Adj A
| A|

[ ]
2 −1
0
5 5

[ ]
2 0 −1
1 9 3
= = 9 10 3 = 2
5 5 5
6 5 2
6 2
1
5 5

& cÖkœ 13:

( ) ( )
2 3 4 −2 −2 −2
`„k¨Kí-1 : B = −5 6 1 ; C = 6 −4 2
8 0 1 −5 1 0

| |
b 2+ c 2 ab ca
2 2
`„k¨Kí-1 : D = ab c +a bc
2 2
ca bc a +b

[ ]
a−p a+ p
K. we¯Ívi bv K‡i cÖgvY Ki : b−q b+q = 0 2
c−r c +r
L. A = B + C n‡j A wbY©q Ki|
-1
4
M. †`LvI †h, D = 4a b c 2 2 2
4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 2]
13 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ]
a−p a+ p
K. evgcÿ = b−q b+q
c−r c +r

[ ][ ]
a−p a a−p p
= b−q b + b−q q
c−r c c−r r

[ ]
ap p
= 0 + (-1) b q q
cr r
= 0 + (-1)  0 + 0 = 0 = Wvbcÿ

| |
a− p a+ p
 b−q b +q = 0.(cÖgvwYZ)
c−r c+r

L. A = B + C

( )( )( )
2 3 4 −2 −2 −2 0 1 2
= −5 6 1 + 6 −4 2 = 1 2 3
8 0 1 −5 1 0 3 1 1
 | A|=0 ( 2−3 )−1 ( 1−9 )+ 2 ( 1−6 )

¿ 0+8−10=−2≠ 0
A Gi mn¸YKmg~n :
 A11 = |21 31|= 2−3=−1
= −|
3 1|
1 3
A12 = −(1 – 9)=8

=|
3 1|
1 2
A13 =1−6=−5

=−|
1 1|
1 2
A21 = −( 1−2 )=1

=|
3 1|
0 2
A22 = 0−6=−6

= −|
3 1|
0 1
A23 = −( 0−3 )=3

=|
2 3|
1 2
A31 =3−4=−1

= −|
1 3|
0 2
A32 =−( 0−2 )=2

=|
1 2|
0 1
A33 =0−1=−1

( )
−1 8 −5
T
Adj A= 1 −6 3
¿
−1 2 −1

( )
−1 1 −1
= 8 −6 2
−5 3 −1

Adj A
A-1 =
| A|

( )
1 −1 1

( )
−1 1 −1 2 2 2
1
= = 8 −6 2 = −4 3 −1
−2
−5 3 −1 5 −3 1
2 2 2

| |
b 2+ c 2 ab ca
2 2
M. evgcÿ = D = ab c +a bc
2 2
ca bc a +b

| |
ab 2+ c 2 a ab 2 c2 a
1 2 2 2 2
= a b bc +a b bc
abc 2 2 2 2
a c b c ca +b c

| |
0 ab 2 c2 a
1
= 2 2
2 b c bc +ba
2
bc
2
c ''1 =c 1−c 2
abc 2 2 2 2
2b c b c ca +c b

| |
0 ab ca
−2 bc . bc 2 2
= c c +a bc
abc 2 2
b bc a +b
−2 bc
= [-ab(a2c+b2c-b2c) + ca(bc2 – bc2 – a2b)]
a
 −2 bc
= (-2a3bc) = 4a2b2c2 = Wvbcÿ
a
 D = 4a2b2c2 (‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

& cÖkœ t 14.

[ ] [] []
1 2 −1 x 5
A = 3 −1 3 , B = y gGes C= 7
2 3 1 z 11
K. A CwbY©q Ki | 2
T −1
L. ( A ¿ bY©q Ki| 4
¿
M. AB = C n‡Z cªvß mgxKiY †RvU wbY©vq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Ki|
4
14 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ] []
1 2 −1 5
K. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 −1 3 , C= 7
2 3 1 11

[ ][ ]
1 2 −1 5
AC = 3 −1 3 7
2 3 1 11

[ ]
5 14 −11
= 15 −7 33
10 21 11

[ ]
1 2 −1
L. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 −1 3
2 3 1

[ ]
1 2 −1
 A = 3 −1 3
T

2 3 1

[ ]
1 3 2
= 2 −1 3
−1 3 1

[ ]
1 3 2
| A T| = 2 −1 3
−1 3 1
=1(-1-9)-3(2+3)+2(6-1)
=-10-15+10=-15
GLb, AT 11=
−1 3
3 1| |
=-1-9=-10

T
A 12= |
2 3
−1 1 |
= - (2+3) = -5

T
A 13 =
−1 3 | |
2 −1
= 6-1 =5

T
A 21 =
3 2
3 1 | |=-(3-6) = 3

T
A 22 =
1 2
−1 1 | | =1+2 =3

T
A 23 =
1 3
−1 3 | | = -(3+3)= -6
A
T
31 =|−13 23| = 9+2 =11
=|
2 3|
T 1 2
A 32 = - (3-4) = 1

=|
2 −1|
T 1 3
A 33 = -1-6 = -7

[ ]
A T 11 A T 12 AT 13
T T
Adj AT = A 21 A T 22 AT 23
¿
A T 31 A T 32 AT 33

[ ] [ ]
−10 −5 5 −10 3 11
T
= 3 3 −6 = −5 3 1 ¿
¿
11 1 −7 5 −6 −7
1
( AT )−1 = T Adj AT
|A |

[ ]
10 3 11
1
= 5 3 1 ¿
15
5 −6 −7

[ ]
10 −3 −11
1
= 5 −3 −1 ¿
15
−5 6 7

[ ]
10 −3 −11
T −1 1
wb‡Y©q : ( A ) = 5 −3 −1 ¿
15
−5 6 7

[ ] [] []
1 2 −1 x 5
M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 −1 3 , B = y gGes C= 7
2 3 1 z 11

[ ][ ]
1 2 −1 x
AB= 3 −1 3 y
2 3 1 z

[ ][ ]
1. x +2. y + (−1 ) . z x+ 2 y− z
= 3. x + (−1 ) . y+ 3. z = 3 x − y +3 z
2. x +3 y +1 z 2 x+3 y + z
GL‡b, AB=C

[ ][ ]
x+ 2 y− z 5 x +2 y−z=5
ev, 3 x − y +3 z = 7  3 x− y +3 z=7
2 x+3 y + z 11 2 x+3 y + z=11

[ ]
1 2 −1
D = 3 −1 3
2 3 1
= 1(- 1 - 9) -2(3 - 6) - 1(9+2)
=-10+6-11= -15

[ ]
5 2 −1
D x= 7 −1 3
11 3 1
= 5(-1 -9) - 2(7 - 33) - 1(21+11)
=-0-50+52-32= -30
 [ ]
1 5 −1
D y= 3 7 3
2 11 1
=1(7-33) – 5(3-6) – 1(33-14)
=-26+15-19=-30

[ ]
1 2 5
D z= 3 −1 7
2 3 11
= 1(-11-21)-2(33-14)+5(9+2)
=-32-38+55= -15
D −30 D −30 D −15
x = x = = 2,y = y = = 2 , z= z = =1
D −15 D −15 D −15
wb‡Y©q mgvavb, (x,y,z) = (2,2,1).
& cÖkœ t 15.

[ ] [ ]
0 1 2 x y z
2 2 2
A= 1 2 3 ,B= x y z
3 1 1 3
x −1 y
3−1
z
3−1

K. ‡`LvI †h, A GKwU Ae¨wZKªgx g¨vwUª·| 2

L. A-1 †ei Ki| 4
M. cÖgvb Ki, B = (xyz-1) (x-y) (y-z) (z-x). 4
 15 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ ]
0 1 2
K. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 1 2 3
3 1 1

[ ]
0 1 2
A = 1 2 3 = 0(2-3) -1(1-9)+2(1-6)= -2
3 1 1
A_¨©vr,
myZivsA GKwU Ae¨wZKªgx g¨vwUª·| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

[ ]
0 1 2
L. GLv‡b, A = 1 2 3
3 1 1
A g¨vwUª‡·i mn¸YKmgyM :

|
A11 =
2 3
1 1 |
= ( 2−3 )=−1

|
A12 =
1 3
3 1 |
= −(1−9)=8

|
A13 =
1 2
3 1 |
= 1−6=−5

|
A21 =
1 2
1 1 |
= −(1−2)=1

|
A22 =
0 2
3 1 |
= 0−6=−6

| |
A23 = −
0 1
3 1
= -(0−3 ¿=3

| |
A31 =
1 2
2 3
= 3−4=−1

| |
A32 = −
0 2
1 2
= -(0−2 ¿=2
 A33 = |01 12|= 0−1=−1
[ ]
A11 A12 A 13
T
Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23
¿
A 31 A32 A 33

[ ][ ]
−1 8 −5 −1 1 −1
= 1 −6 3 = 8 −6 2
−1 2 −1 −5 3 −1
ÕKÕ bs n‡Z cÖvß,| A|= -2
1
 A-1 = Adj A
| A|

[ ][ ]
−1 1 −1 1 −1 1
1
= 8 −6 2 = −8 6 −2
−2
−5 3 −1 5 −3 1

[ ]
x y z
2 2 2
M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, B = x y z
3 3−1 3−1
x −1 y z

[ ][ ]
x y z x y z
2 2 2
= x y z - x2 y 2 z 2
3 3 3
x y z 1 1 1

[ ][ ]
1 1 1 1 1 1
= xyz x y z - x y z
2 2 2 2 2 2
x y z x y z

[ ]
1 1 1
= (xyz-1) x y z
2 2 2
x y z

[ ]
0 0 0
= (xyz-1) x − y y−z z
2 2 2 2 2
x − y y −z z
[C 1 = C 1- C 2. Ges C 2 = C 2- C 1cÖ‡qvM K‡i ]

[ ]
0 0 0
= (xyz-1) (x-y) (y-z) 1 1 1
2
x+ y y + z z
= (xyz-1) (x-y) (y-z) (y+z-x-y)
= (xyz-1) (x-y) (y-z) (z-x)
B = (xyz-1) (x-y) (y-z) (z-x). (cÖgvwYZ)
& cÖkœ t 16.

[ ]
2 3 1
A = 1 0 −1
2 1 −2
K. ‡`LvI †h, Amatrix wUi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbY©q Ki | 2
L. ∫ x = x - 2x-31 n‡j ∫ x wbYq Ki|4
2

−1
M. A wbY©q Ki| 4
16bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
 [ ]
2 3 1
K. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 1 0 −1
2 1 −2

[ ]
2 3 1
A g¨vwUª‡·i wbY©vqK,| A| = 1 0 −1
2 1 −2
=2(0+1)-3(-2+2)+1(1-0)
=2+0+1=3
wb‡Y©q gvb 3.
L. ∫ x =2-2x-31
¿
∫ x = A2 -2A-3.I

[ ]
2 3 1
‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 1 0 −1
2 1 −2

[ ][ ]
2 3 1 2 3 1
 A = A . A = 1 0 −1 1 0 −1
2

2 1 −2 2 1 −2

[ ]
4+3+ 2 6+0+1 2−3−2
 = 2+ 0−2 3+0−1 1+ 0+2
4+ 1−4 6+0−2 2−1+ 4

[ ]
9 7 −3
=0 2 3
1 4 5

GLvb, A2 -2A-3.I

[ ][ ][ ]
9 7 −3 2 3 1 1 0 0
= 0 2 3 −2 1 0 −1 -3 0 1 0
1 4 5 2 1 −2 0 0 1

[ ][ ][ ]
9 7 −3 4 6 2 3 0 0
= 0 2 3 − 2 0 −2 − 0 3 0
1 4 5 4 2 −4 0 0 3

[ ][ ]
9−4−3 7−6−0 −3−2−0 2 1 −5
= 0−2−0 2−0−3 3+2−0 = −2 −1 5
1−4−0 4−2+0 5+4−3 −3 2 6

[ ]
2 1 −5
= wb‡Y©q ∫ ( A )= −2 −1 5
−3 2 6

[ ]
2 3 1
M. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 1 0 −1
2 1 −2
K n‡Z cÖvß ,| A|= 3
A g¨vwUª‡·i mn¸YKmgyM ,
A11 = |
0 −1
1 −2 |
= 0+1=1

A12 = − |
1 −1
2 −2 |
= −(−2+2 ) =0

A13 = | |
1 0
2 1
=1-0¿ 1
A21 = − |31 −21 |= −(−6−1)=−7
=|
2 −2|
2 1
A22 = −4−2=−6

=-|
2 1|
2 3
A23 = −( 2−6 )=4

=|
0 −1|
3 3
A31 = −3−0=−3

= -|
1 −1|
2 1
A32 = -(−2−1 )=3

=|
1 0|
2 3
A33 = 0−3=−3

[ ]
A11 A12 A 13
T
Adj A = A 21 A22 A 23
¿
A 31 A32 A 33

[ ] [ ]
1 0 1 1 7 −3
T
= 7 −6 4 = 0 −6 3 ¿
¿
−3 3 −3 1 4 −3

[ ]
1 1 7 −3
−1 1
A = Adj A = 0 −6 3 ¿
| A| 3
1 4 −3

[ ]
1 7 −3
−1 1
wb‡Y©q A = 0 −6 3 ¿
3
1 4 −3
& cÖkœ t 17

[ ][ ][ ]
2 0 −1 3 −1 1 a b ax +by
A= 5 1 0 ,B= −15 6 −5 ,C= b c bx+ cy ¿
0 1 3 5 −2 2 ax +by bx + cy 0
K. A g¨vwUª·wUi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb wbYq Ki, A wK Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·?
2
L. ‡`LvI †h,AB=BA. 4
M. ‡`LvI †h, C= (-a x 2+2bxy+c y 2) (ac-b 2). 4 [Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 6]
17 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ]
2 0 −1
K. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 5 1 0 ,
0 1 3

[ ]
2 0 −1
| A| = 5 1 0
0 1 3
=2 (3-0) -0 (15-0) – 1(5-0) =6-0-5=1
A g¨vwUª·wUi wbY©vq‡Ki gvb 1
‡h‡nZz | A|≠ 0 ,ZvB A Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· |

[ ] [ ]
2 0 −1 3 −1 1
L. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 5 1 0 , B= −15 6 −5
0 1 3 5 −2 2

[ ][ ]
2 0 −1 3 −1 1
AB= 5 1 0 −15 6 −5
0 1 3 5 −2 2
 [ ]
6+0+5 −2+ 6−2 2+ 0+2
= 15−15+ 0 −5+ 6−0 5−5+0
0−15+ 15 0+ 6−6 0−5+6

[ ]
11 −4 4
= 0 1 0
0 0 −1

[ ][ ]
3 −1 1 2 0 −1
BA= −15 6 −5 5 1 0
5 −2 2 0 1 3

[ ]
6−5+ 0 0−1+1 3−0+3
= −30+30−0 0+6−5 −15+0−15
10−10+ 0 0−2+2 5−0+6

[ ]
1 0 6
= 0 1 −30
0 0 11
⸪ AB ≠ BA. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

[ ]
a b ax +by
M. C= b c bx +cy ¿
ax+ by bx +cy 0
=¿
[⸪c 3=c 3-(xc 1+yc 2)]
= - (a x 2+2bxy+c y 2) [ ]
a b
b c
= - (a x +2bxy+c y ) (ac-b 2). (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
2 2

& 18 bs cÖkœ.

[ ]
1 bc bc (b+ c)
P = 1 ca ca (c+ a) , Q =
1 ab ab (a+ b)
[ ] [ ]
2 0
3 1
, R=
0 1
2 4

K. Q2 wbY©q Ki | 2
−1 −1 −1
L. ‡`LvI †h,(QR ) = R Q 4
M. we¯Ívi bv K‡i cÖgvb Ki, P = 0 4
18 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K †`Iqv Av‡Q, Q = [ ] 2 0
3 1
Q2=Q. Q = [ ][ ]
2 0
3 1
.
2 0
3 1

[ = ][ ]
4 +0 0+0
6+ 3 0+1
=
4 0
9 1
wb‡Y©q Q2= [ ] 4 0
9 1
.

[ ]
L. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, Q =
2 0
3 1 [ ]
Ges R=
0 1
2 4

[ ][ ]
QR =
2 0 0 1
3 1 2 4

[= ][ ]
0+0 2+0 0 2
0+2 3+4 2 7
=

 |QR| =[
2 7]
0 2
=0-4=-4
Adj (QR) = [ 02 72] T¿ = [ 02 72]
(QR )11=7, (QR )12=-2, (QR )21=-2, (QR )22=0

 Adj (QR) = [−27 −20 ] T¿ [−27 −20 ] ¿

−4 [−2 0 ]
1
−1 1 7 −2
( QR ) = Adj (QR) =
|QR|
¿ Avevi, R=[
2 4]
0 1

|QR|= [
2 4]
0 1
=0-2=-2
R11=4, R12=-2, R21=-1, R22= 0

 Adj (QR) = [−27 −20 ] T¿ [−27 −20 ] ¿

|QR| [−2 0 ]
1 −1 7 −2
 (QR) = Adj (QR)=
-1
|QR|

Avevi, R=[
2 4]
0 1

|R|= [
2 4]
0 1
=0-2=-2
R11=4, R12=-2, R21=-1, R22= 0

 AdjR = [ 4 −2 T
−1 0 ¿
¿ ]
 R-1 =
1
|R|
Adj (QR )=
1 4 −1
−2 −2 0 [ ]
Avevi, |Q|= [ 23 01 ] =2−0=2
Q11= 1, Q12=-3, Q21= 0, Q22= 2

 Adj Q =
1 −3 T
0 2 ¿ [
¿ ]
 Q-1 =
1
|Q|
Adj Q=
1 1 0
2 −3 2 [
]
 R-1 Q-1=
1 1 4 −1 1 0
×
−2 2 −2 0 −3 2 [ ][ ]
[
1 4 +3 0−1
=
−4 −2+ 0 0−0 −4 −2 0
−1
1 7 −2
] [ ]
 (QR ) = R−1 Q−1 (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q,

[ ]
1 bc bc (b+ c)
P = 1 ca ca (c+ a)
1 ab ab (a+ b)

[ ]
1 abc abc(b+c )
1
= 1 abc abc(c+ a)
abc
1 abc abc (a+b)
 [ ]
a 1 b+c
=abc b 1 c+ a
c 1 a+b

| |
a+ b+c 1 b+ c
=abc a+ b+c 1 c +a ¿ ¿]
a+ b+c 1 a+b

| |
1 1 b+ c
==abc ( a+b+ c) 1 1 c +a
1 1 a+b
= 0 ; KviY `yBwU Kjvg GKB|
 P = 0. (cÖgvwYZ)
& cÖkœ t 19.

[ ]
0 7
A= [5 2 9
−2 5 3 ] , B = 1 2 ,C=
0 5
1 2
3 −4 [ ]
K. [ 3 x −2 y
2 x +5 y ][] 6
= n‡j (x, y)wbY©q Ki | 2
4
L. g¨vwU‡·i µg Gi mvnv‡h¨ cÖgvY Ki †h, AB ≠ BA. 4
M. †`LvI †h, C + 3C – 10I GKwU k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
2
4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 8]
19 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, [
3 x −2 y
2 x +5 y
=
6
4 ][]
g¨vwUª‡·i mgZv Abymv‡i, 3x – 2y = 6......................... (i) 3x – 5y =
4......................... (ii)
(i) bs †K 5 Øviv Ges (ii)bs †K 2 Øviv ¸Y K‡i Ges (i) I
(ii) bs †hvM K‡i cvB, 15 x−10 y +4 x +10 y=30+8
ev, 19x = 38
 x=2
x Gi gvb (i) bs G ewm‡q cvB,
3 2 – 2 y=6
 y=0
wb‡Y©q (x, y) = (2, 0)

[ ]
0 7
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = [
5 2 9
−2 5 3
,B= 1 2 ]
0 5
A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 3
B g¨vwUª‡·i µg 3 2
 AB g¨vwUª‡·i µg = 2 2 Ges BA g¨vwUª‡·i µg = 3 3
 AB ≠ BA (cÖgvwYZ)

M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, C= [ 13 −42 ]

C = C.C = [
3 −4 ] [ 3 −4 ] [ 3−12 ]
1 2 1 2 1+6 2−8
 2
=
6+16
=[
−9 22 ]
7 −6

cÖ`Ë ivwk = C2 + 3C – 10I

=
7 −6
−9 22
+3 [1 2
3 4
-10
1 0
0 1 ] [ ] [ ]
 =[−97 −622 ]+[ 39 −126 ] -[ 100 100 ]
=[
−9+9−0 22−12−10 ] [ 0 0 ]
7+3−10 −6 +6−0 0 0
=
 C2 + 3C – 10I GKwU k~b¨ g¨vwUª·| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
& cÖkœ 20.
A= [1 2
4 −3
,B=
] [
1 0 1
0 1 0 ]
K AB wbY©q Ki| 2
L. †`LvI †h, A2 + 2A –10I GKwU k~b¨ g¨vwUª·;
†hLv‡b I =
1 0
0 1[ ] 4
M. A-1 wbY©q Ki| 4
.
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 1]
20 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A =
1 2
4 −3 [
,Ges B =
1 0 1
0 1 0 ] [ ]
 AB = [
1 2 1 0 1
4 −3 0 1 0 ][ ]
= [
1+ 0 0+ 2 1+0
4−0 0−3 4−0
=
1 2 1
4 −3 4 ] [ ]
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A =
1 2
[
4 −3 [ ]
Ges I =
1 0
0 1 ]
 2
A =A.A
= [
1 2
4 −3 ] [ ]
1 2
4 −3 [=
1+8 2−6
4−12 8+9 ]
= [9 −4
−8 17 ]
 A2 + 2A - 11I
= [9 −4
−8 17
+2 ] [ ] [ ]
1 2
4 −3
−11
1 0
0 1
= [9 −4
−8 17
+ ][ ][ ]
2 4
8 −6
−
11 0
0 11
=[ −8+8−0 17−6−11
= ][
9+2−11 −4 +4−0 11−11 −4 +4
8+8 17−17]
=[ ]
0 0
0 0
; hv GKwU k~b¨ g¨vwUª·|
 A2 + 2A –10I GKwU k~b¨ g¨vwUª·| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

M. GLv‡b, A = [ 14 −32 ]
GLb, aij-Gi mn¸YK cij n‡j,
c11 = -3, c12 = -4, c21 = -2, c22 = 1
 adj A = [
−3 −4 T
−2 1 ¿ ]
ÔKÕ n‡Z cvB, ¿ A∨¿−11
 A-1 =
1
¿ A∨¿ ¿
adj A =
1 −3 −2
−11 −4 −1 [ ]
wb‡Y©q gvb, A-1=
1 −3 −2
−11 −4 −1[ ]
& cÖkœ 21.

[ ]
1 1 1
A = 1 p p2
-1

2 4
1 p p

K. A =
2 −3
3 2 [ ]
n‡j, A2 + A wbY©q Ki| 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, ¿ A−1∨¿= p(p-1)2 (p2 – 1). 4

[ ][ ]
x 5
M. wbY©vq‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mgvavb Ki: A  y = 7 ; hLb p = 2 -1

z 11
4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 3]
21 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A =
2 −3
3 2 [ ]
 A2 = A.A =
2 −3 2 −3
3 2 3 2 [ ][ ]
= [
4−9 −6−6
6+ 6 −9+ 4
=
−5 −12
12 −5 ] [ ]
 A2 + A =
−12 2 −3
−5
+ [−512
3 2 ][ ]
= [
−5+2 −12−3
12+ 3 −5+2
=
−3 −15
15 −3 ] [ ]
| |
1 1 1
L. | A | = 1 p p2
−1

2 4
1 p p

| |[
1− p 1− p2 '
]
0
2 2 4 r 1=r 1−r 2
= 0 p− p p − p '
2 4 r 2=r 2−r 3
1 p p

| |
0 1 1+ p
= (1- p) (p – p ) 0 1 p−p 2
2

2 4
1 p p

= (1- p) (p – p2)
1 1+ p
1 p− p2 | |
= p (1-p) (1-p) {(p+p2) – (1+p)}
= p (1-p) (1-p) (p+p2 – 1- p)
= p (1-p) (1-p) (p2 – 1)
| A−1| = p (p-1)2 (p2 – 1). (cÖgvwYZ)

[] [ ]
x 5
−1 X
M. GLv‡b A y = 7
¿
z 11

| |[] [ ]
1 1 1 x 5
2
ev, 1 p p  y = 7
1 p p
2 4
z 11
 | |[] [ ]
1 1 1 x 5
ev, 1 2 4  y = 7 [p=2 ewm‡q ]
1 4 16 z 11

| |[]
x y z 5
ev, x 2 y 4 z = 7
x 4 y 16 z 11
 x+y+z=5
x +2y+4z=7
x+4y+16z = 11
 GB mgxKiMy‡jvi AÁvZ PjK x,y I z –Gi mnM Øviv MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
1 1 1
D= 1 2 4
1 4 16
= 1 (32 - 12) + 1(4 - 16 ) + 1(4 - 2)
= 16 – 12 + 2 = 6
aªyec`,y I z -Gi mnM wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
5 1 1
Dx = 7 2 4
11 4 16
= 5(32 - 16) + 1 (44 - 112) 1(28 - 22)
= 80 – 58 + 6 = 18
x Gi mnM, aªyec` I z -Gi mnM wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
1 5 1
Dy = 1 7 4
1 11 16
¿ 1(112−44 )+5(4-16) + 1(11-7)
¿ 68−60+4=12
Avevi, x I y -Gi mnM Ges aªyec` wb‡q MwVZ wbY©vqK,

| |
1 5 1
Dz = 1 7 4
1 11 16
¿ 1(22−28) +1(7-11) + 5(4-2)
¿−6−4+ 10=0

D x 18 D 12 D 0
 x= = =3, y= y = = 2, z= z = =0
D 6 D 6 D 6
wb‡Y©q mgvavb : (x,y,z) = (3,2,0).
& cÖkœ 22.

[ ]
1 3 2
A = 2 0 3 ,Ges f(x) = x 3 - 2 x 2 + x – 2.
1 −1 1
K| A |wbY©q Ki|
T
2
L. f(A) wbY©q Ki 4
M. A wbY©q Ki|
-1
4
22 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ]
1 3 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 0 3
1 −1 1
 [ ]
1 1 2
 A = 3
T
−1 0
2 1 3

[ ]
1 1 2
 | A T|= 3 −1 = 1(0+3) – 2(3+2) + 1(9-0)
0
2 1 3
= 3 – 10 + 9 = 2

[ ]
1 3 2
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 0 3
1 −1 1

[ ][ ]
1 3 2 1 3 2
2=¿ 2 0 3 2 0 3 ¿
1 −1 1 1 −1 1
A

[ ][ ]
1+ 6+2 3+0−2 2+9+ 2 9 1 13
= 2+ 0+3 6+0−3 4+ 0+3 = 5 3 7
1−2+1 3−0−1 2−3+1 0 2 0

[ ][ ]
1 3 2 9 1 13
3 2
= A = A A = 2 0 3 5 3 7
1 −1 1 0 2 0

[ ][ ]
9+15+0 1+ 9+4 13+21+0 24 14 34
= 18+0+0 2+0+6 26+0+ 0 = 18 8 26
9−5+ 0 1−3+ 2 13−7 +2 4 0 0
3 2
cÖ`Ë ivwk = = A - 2 A + A – 2I

[ ][ ][ ][ ]
24 14 34 9 1 13 1 3 2 1 0 0
= 18 8 26 -2 5 3 7 + 2 0 3 -2 0 1 0
4 0 6 0 2 0 1 −1 1 0 0 1

[ ]
24−18+1−2 14−2+ 3−0 34−26+2−0
= 18−10+ 2−0 8−6 +0−2 26−14+3−0
4−0+1−0 0−4−1−0 6−0+1−2

[ ]
5 15 10
= 10 0 15
5 −5 5

[ ]
1 3 2
M.| A|= 2 0 3 = 1(0+3)-2(2-3) +2(-2-0)
1 −1 1
=3+3-4=2≠0
A11 =(−1)
1+1 0
−1 1
3
[ ]
= 0+3=3

A12 =(−1)
1+2 2 3
1 1 [ ]
= - (2-3) =-1

A13 =(−1)
1+3 2
1 −1
0
[ ]
= - 2 - 0= - 2

A21 =(−1)
2+1 3
−1 1
2
[ ]
= - (3+2) = - 5

A22 =(−1)
2+2 1 2
1 1 [ ]
= 1+ 2 = - 1

A23 =(−1)
2+3 1
1 −1
3
[ ]
=-(1-3) = - 4

A31 =(−1)
3+1 3
0 3
2
[ ]
=9-0=9
A32 =(−1)
3+2
[ 12 32] =-(3-4) = 1
A33 =(−1)
3+3
[ 12 30] = 0-6= - 6
[ ]
A 11 A 12 A 13
1 1
 A-1 = adj A= A 21 A 22 A 23
| A| 2 31
A A 32 A 33

[ ][ ]
A 11 A 21 A31 3 −5 9
1 1
= A 12 A 22 32
A = 1 −1 1
2 13 2
A A 23 A 33 −2 4 −6

& cÖkœ 23.

[ ] [ ]
1 0 0 3 0 2
A = 1 0 y ,B = 1 −1 0
1 1 0 5 0 4
K. A wecixZ‡hvM¨ wK-bv Zv †`LvI| 2

[ ]
1 0 0
L. A = 3 0 y n‡j, x I y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
3

x 1 0
M. A+B Gi G¨vWR‡q›U g¨vwU· wbY©q Ki| 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 5]
23 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb

[ ]
1 0 0
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 1 0 1
1 1 0
A weciZx‡hvM¨ n‡e hw` | A|≠ 0nq|

[ ]
1 0 0
 | A|= 1 0 1 = 1(0-1)-0+0=-1
1 1 0
 A g¨vwUª·wU weciZx‡hvM¨| (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 1 0 0
L. A2 = A.A= 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 0

[ ]
1+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
= 1+0+1 0+0+ 1 0+ 0+0
1+1+0 0+0+ 0 0+1+0

[ ]
1 0 0
= 2 1 0
2 0 1

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 1 0 0
 A3 = A2.A = 2 1 0 1 0 1
2 0 1 1 1 0

[ ]
1+ 0+0 0+0+ 0 0+ 0+0
= 2+1+0 0+0+ 0 0+1+0
2+0+1 0+0+ 1 0+ 0+0
 [ ]
1 0 0
= 3 0 1
3 1 0

[ ]
1 0 0
cÖkœg‡Z, A3= 3 0 y
x 1 0

[ ][ ]
1 0 0 1 0 0
 = 3 0 1 = 3 0 y
3 1 0 x 1 0
g¨vwU‡·i mgZv Abymv‡i cvB,
x = 3 Ges y = 1
wb‡Y©q gvb, x = 3, y = 1

[ ]
3 0 2
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q,B = 1 −1 0
5 0 4

[ ][ ][ ]
1 0 0 3 0 2 4 0 2
awi, C=A+B = 1 0 1 + 1 −1 0 = 2 −1 1
1 1 0 5 0 4 6 1 4

C 11 =(−1) [
1+1 −1
1 4
1
]
= 4-1 = - 5

C 12 =(−1)
1+2 2
[
6 4
1
]= (8-6) = -2

C 13 =(−1) [
1+3 2 −1
6 1 ]
= 2+6 = 8

C21 =(−1)
2+1 0
[
1 4
2
]
= (0-2) = 2

C22 =(−1)
2+2 4
[
6 4
2
]= 16 - 12 = 4

C23 =(−1)
2+3 4
[
6 1
0
]
= - (4-0) = -4

C31 =(−1)
3+1 0
[
−1 1
2
]
=-0+2=2

C32 =(−1)
3+2 4
[
2 1
2
]
= - (4-4) = 0

C33 =(−1)
3+3 4
[
2 1
0
]
= - 4 - 4) = -4

 adj C = adj(A + B)

[ ]
C11 C 12 C 13
= C21 C 22 C 23 T
¿
C31 C 32 C 33

[ ][ ]
C 11 C 21 C31 −5 2 2
12 22 32
¿ C C C = −2 4 0 .
C 13
C 23
C 33 8 −4 −4

& cÖkœ 24
 ( )
2 3 0
A= 3 5 0
1 4 3

K. (−32 21)Gi wecixZ g¨vwU· wbY©q Ki| 2

L. A-1 wbY©q Ki| 4

() ( )
p 12
M. A q = 19 n‡j, p, q Ges r Gi wbY©q Ki| 4
r 14
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 11]
24 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb
K. awi, B= (
5 2
−3 1 )
 |B| = |5 2
−3 1 |
= 5 + 6 = 11

Adj B = [
1 3 t 1 −2
=
−2 5 ¿ 3 5 ] [ ]
B-1 =
Adj B
|B|
=
1 1 −2
11 3 5 [ ]
wb‡Y©q wecixZ g¨vwUª· [
1 1 −2
11 3 5 ]
[ ]
2 3 0
L. GLv‡b A = 3 5 0
1 4 3

[ ]
|54 30| −|31 30| |31 54| T
Adj = −| | | | −|
1 4| ¿
3 0 2 0 2 3 ¿

4 3 1 3
¿
|5 0| |3 0| |3 5|
3 0 −2 0 2 3

[ ] [ ]
15 −9 7 15 −9 0
T
= −9 6 −5 = −9 6 0
¿
0 0 1 7 −5 1

[ ]
2 3 0
| A| = 3 5 0
1 4 3

=2 | | | | | |
5 0
4 3
–3
3 0
1 3
+0
3 5
1 4
2 × (15 – 0) – 3 (9 – 0) + 0 = 30 – 27 = 3

[ ]
1 15 −9 0
1
 A =-1
adj A= −9 6 0
| A| 3
7 −5 1

[] [ ]
p 12
M. GLv‡b, A q = 19
r 14
 ( )[ ] [ ]
2 3 0 p 12
ev, 3 5 0 q = 19
1 4 3 r 14

( ) []
2 p+3 q+ 0 12
ev, 3 p+5 q+ 0 = 19
p+ 4 q +3 r 14
 2 p +3 q=12.......................... (1)
3 p+5 q = 19............................. (2)
p+ 4 q+3 r = 14...................... (3)
GLb (1) I (2) bs mgxKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cvB,
∆=
2 3
3 5 | |
= 10 - 9 = 1

∆ q=
12 3
19 5 | |
= 60 - 57 = 3

∆ q=
2 12
3 19 | |
= 38 - 36 = 2

∆q 3 ∆ 2
 p= = = 3; q = q = = 2
∆ 1 ∆ 1
GLb (3) bs mgxKi‡Y p I q Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
3 + 4  2 + 3r = 14
ev, 3 + 8 + 3r = 14
ev, 3r=14–11
ev, 3r = 3
 r=1
wb‡Y©q gvb: p = 3, q = 2, r = 1.

& cÖkœ 25
A= [
x y
2 −1
,B = ] [
p q
2 −1
,C= ] [
5 −2
3 1
, ]
D= [
1 2
7 −3
, ]
[Link] B Ges C I D g¨vwUª· ¸Y Ki‡j wK ai‡bi g¨vwUª·
cvIqv hv‡e? 2
L. 2A + C = D n‡j, x Ges y Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
M. AC = D n‡j, p Ges q Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 12]
25bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
K. A B =
x y
2 −1 [

p q
2 −1][ ]
= [
px +2 y qx− y
2 p−2 2 q +1 ]
C D =
5 −2
3 1 [ 
1 2
7 −3 ][, ]
= [
5−14 10+6
3−7 6−3
=
−9 16
−4 6 ] [ ]
AI B Ges C I D g¨vwUª· ¸Y Ki‡j (2  2) g¨vwUª· A_©vr eM©Kvi g¨vwUª·
cvIqv hv‡e|
L. 2A + C = 2 |x2 −1y | + |53 −21 |
¿|
4 −2| |3 1 | | 7 |
2x 2 y 5 −2 2 x +5 2 y−2
+ =
0
GLv‡b, 2A + C = D
ev,
7|
2 x +5 2 y−2
0
=¿ | [ 17 −32 ]
 2x + 5 = 1 Avevi, 2y – 2 = 2
ev, 2x = -4 ev, 2y = 4
 x = -2  y=2
wb‡Y©q gvb x = -2 Ges y = 2.
M. BC =
p q
2 −1
 [5 −2
3 1 ][ ]
=[5 p+ 3 q −2 p+ q
10−3 −4−1
=
7 ] [
5 p+ 3 q −2 p+ q
−5 ]
GLv‡b BC = D
ev, [
5 p+ 3 q −2 p+ q
7 −5
=
1 2
7 3 ] [ ]
 5 p+3 q=1........................ (1)
−2 p +q = 2........................ (2)
(1) I (2)bs mgxKi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
∆= | |
5 3
−2 1
= 5 + 6 = 11

∆ q=
1 3
2 1| |
= 1 - 6 = -5

∆ q= | |
5 1
−2 2
= 10 + 2 =12

∆q −5 ∆ 12
 p= = = 3 Ges q = q = .
∆ 11 ∆ 11
−5 12
wb‡Y©q gvb:p = Ges q =
11 11
& cÖkœ 26

[ ] [] []
1 −1 1 x 1
A = 1 1 −2 ,X = y , B = 0 ,
2 −1 −1 z 0
[Link] = B ‡K mgxKiY †RvU AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki | 2
−1
L. A wbY©q Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki AX = B n‡j †µgv‡ii wbqg e¨Knvi K‡i †ZKvI †h Gi x, y, z gvb mgvb|
4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 12]
26 bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ ] [] []
1 −1 1 x 1
[Link]‡b, A = 1 1 −2 ,X = y , B = 0
2 −1 −1 z 0

AX = B
 [ ][ ] [ ]
1 −1 1 x 1
ev, 1 1 −2 y = 0
2 −1 −1 z 0

[ ] []
x− y + z 1
ev, x+ y−2 z = 0
2 x− y−z 0
x-y+z=1
ev, x+y-2z=0
2x-y-z=0
x-y+z=1
wb‡Y©q mgxKi‡bi †RvU : x+y-2z=0
2x-y-z=0

[ ]
1 −1 1
L. | A| = 1 1 −2 = 1(-1-2)-1(-4+1)+1(-1-2)
2 −1 −1
=-3+3-3=3-6=-3
A Gi mn¸Kmgyn :
A 11 = [
1 −2
−1 −1
=-1–2=-3 ]
A12 = [
1 −2
2 −1 ]
= - (-1+4) = - 3

A13 = [
1 1
2 −1
=-1–2=-3 ]
A21 = [
−1 1
−1 −1 ]
= - (1+1) = -2

A22 = [
1 1
2 −1
=-1–2=-3 ]
A23 =−
1 −1
2 −1 [ ]
= - (-1+2) = - 1

A23 =−
1 −1
2 −1 [ ]
= - (-1+2) = - 1

A31 = [
−1 1
1 −2
= 2-1 = 1 ]
A32 =−
1 1
1 −2 [ ]
= - (-2-1) = 3

A33 =−
1 −1
1 1 [ = 1+1=2 ]
[ ][ ] [ ]
A11 A12 A 13 −3 −3 −3 −3 −2 1
23 T T
Adj A = A 21 A
22
A ¿ = −2 −3 −1 ¿ = −3 −3 3
A 31 A32 A 33 1 3 2 −3 −1 2

[ ][ ] [ ]
A11 A12 A 13 −3 −3 −3 −3 −2 1
Adj A 23 T T = −3 −3 3
A
−1
= A 21 A
22
A ¿ −2 −3 −1 ¿
| A|
A 31 A32 A 33 1 3 2 −3 −1 2

[ ]
−3 −2 1
−1 1
A = - −3 −3 3
3
−3 −1 2
 [ ]
−3 −2 1
−1 1
wb‡Y©q A = - −3 −3 3
3
−3 −1 2
M. K-n‡Z cÖvß, AX = B n‡j, x-y+z=1
x+y-2z=0
2x-y-z=0

[ ]
1 −1 1
GLb, D = 1 1 −2
2 −1 −1
= 1(-1-2)-1(-4+1)+1(-1-2)
= -3+3-3=3-6=-3

[ ]
1 −1 1
D x = 0 1 −2
0 −1 −1
= 1(-1-2)-1(0+0)+1(0-0)=-3

[ ]
1 1 1
D y = 1 0 −2 = 1(0+0)+1(-4+1)+1(0-0) = -3
2 0 −1

[ ]
1 −1 1
D z= 1 1 0 = 1(0+0) – 1(0-0)+1(-1-2)=-3
2 −1 0
Dx −3 D −3 D −3
 x= = =1; y= y = =1;z= z = =1
D −3 D −3 D −3
 x=y=z=1
myZivs x,y I z Gi gvb mgvb | ( †`Lv‡bv n‡jv )

& cÖkœ 27

[ ] [ ]
2 3 4 2 5 8
A = 5 6 7 GesB = 3 6 9
8 9 10 4 7 10

K.( )( ) ( )
1 1 x
3 y 1
=
4
1
n‡j, x Iy Gi gvb KZ? 2
L. cÖgvY Ki †h, AB ≠ BA. 4
M. †`LvI †h, (AB)T = BTAT. 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 14]
27bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
[Link]‡b, ( )( ) ( )
1 1 x
3 y 1
=
4
1
ev, x+1 = 4 ...................... (1)
3x+y=1....................... (2)
(1) bs n‡Z cvB,
x= 4 - 1
ev, x = 3
(2) bs G x Gi gvb ewm‡q cvB,
9+y=1
ev, y = 1-9
ev, y = - 8
wb‡Y©q gvb, x = 3 Ges y = - 8
 [ ][ ]
2 3 4 2 5 8
[Link] = 5 6 7 . 3 6 9
8 9 10 4 7 10

[ ]
4+ 9+16 10+18+28 16+27 +40
= 10+18+28 25+36+ 49 40+54+70
16+27+ 40 40+54 +70 64 +81+100

[ ]
29 56 83
= 56 110 164
83 164 245

[ ][ ]
2 5 8 2 3 4
GLb BA = 3 6 9 . 5 6 7
4 7 10 8 9 10

[ ]
4+ 25+64 6+ 30+72 8+35+80
= 6 +30+72 9+36 +81 12+ 42+90
8+ 35+80 12+42+ 90 16+ 49+100

[ ]
93 108 123
= 108 126 144
123 144 165

 AB ≠ BA. (cÖgvwYZ)

[ ]
29 56 83
M. L-n‡Z cÖvß, AB= 56 110 164
83 164 245

[ ][ ]
29 56 83 29 56 83
T
(AB) = 56 110 164 = 56 110 164
T
¿
83 164 245 83 164 245

[ ] [ ]
2 5 8 2 5 8
K-n‡Z cÖvß,AT = 3 6 9 Ges BT = 3 6 9
4 7 10 4 7 10

[ ][ ]
2 3 4 2 5 8
B A =. 5 6 7 . 3 6 9
T T

8 9 10 4 7 10

[ ]
4 +9+16 10+18+ 28 16 +27+ 40
= 10+18+ 28 25+36+ 49 40+54+ 70
16+27−40 40+ 54+70 64+81+100

[ ]
29 56 83
= 56 110 164
83 164 245
 (AB)T = BTAT. (‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
& cÖkœ 28

[ ] [ ]
3 −4 2 x 2 −2
A = −2 1 0 GesB = y 5 −4
−1 −1 1 z 7 −5
Ges, AB = I3

K.x, y, z msewjZ mgxKiY ˆZwi Ki| 2

L. x, y, z Gi gvb †µgv‡ii c×wZ‡Z wbY©q K‡i B †gwUª·wU
‰Zwi Ki| 4
M. BA wbY©q Ki Ges Zv †_‡KA I B Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wbiƒcb
Ki| 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 15]
28bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ ] [ ]
3 −4 2 x 2 −2
K. GLv‡b, A = −2 1 0 GesB = y 5 −4
−1 −1 1 z 7 −5
Ges, AB = I3

[ ][ ] [ ]
3 −4 2 x 2 −2 1 0 0
ev, −2 1 0 y 5 −4 = 0 1 0
−1 −1 1 z 7 −5 0 0 1

[ ]
3 x −4 y +2 z 6−20+14 −6 +16−10
ev, −2 x+ y + 0 −4+5+ 0 4−4−0
−x− y + z −2−5+7 2+ 4−5

[ ]
1 0 0
¿ 0 1 0
0 0 1

[ ][ ]
3 x −4 y +2 z 0 0 1 0 0
ev, −2 x + y 1 0=0 1 0
−x− y + z 0 1 0 0 1
3 x−4 y +2 z=1
ev, −2 x+ y=0
−x− y + z=0

}
3 x−4 y+ 2 z=1
wb‡Y©q mgxKiY : −2 x + y=0
−x− y + z=0
3 x−4 y +2 z=1
L.K-n‡Z cÖvß,−2 x+ y=0
−x− y + z=0

| |
3 −4 2
GLb, D = −2 1 0
−1 −1 1
= 3(1+0)-4(0 + 2) +2(2 + 1) =3 – 8 + 6 = 9 – 8 = 1

| |
1 −4 2
Dx = 0 1 0
0 −1 1
= 1(1 + 0) – 4(0 – 0) + 2 (0 – 0) = 1

| |
3 1 2
D y = −2 0 0 = 3(0 - 0) + 1(0 + 2) + 2 (0 – 0) = 2
−1 0 1

| |
3 −4 1
D z = −2 1 0 =
−1 −1 0
= 3(0 + 0) – 4(0 – 0) + 1 (2+ 1) = 3
 Dx 1 Dy 2 D 3
 x= = =1; y= = =2; z = z = =3
D 1 D 1 D 1
wb‡Y©q gvb:x = 1Ges y = 2 I z = 3

[ ]
1 2 −2
x , y I zGi gvb ewm‡qB = 2 5 −4
3 7 −5

[ ]
1 2 −2
M. L-n‡Z cÖvß, B= 2 5 −4
3 7 −5

[ ][ ]
1 2 −2 3 −4 2
GLb, BA = 2 5 −4 −2 1 0
3 7 −5 −1 −1 1

[ ]
3−4+ 2 −4 +2+2 2+0−2
= 6−10+ 4 −8+5+ 4 4 +0−4
9−14+5 −12+7+5 6+0−5

[ ][ ]
5−4 4−4 2−2 1 0 0
= 10−10 9−8 4−4 = 0 1 0 =I 3
14−14 12−12 6−5 0 0 1
‡h‡nZy AB = BA = I 3
‡m‡nZz AI BGi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡”Q A = B−1ev,B = A−1
& cÖkœ 29

[ ]
1
A= [ ]
2 3
0 4
,B= 2
0 2a
k
,C = [6
−3
2
h ]
K. A2wbY©q Ki | 2
L. k-Gi gvbGesa -Gi Ggb wbY©q Ki †hbAB=I nq| 4
M. h-Gi Ggb gvb wbY©q Ki ‡hbdet A = det C nq | 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 1]
29bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
K. ‡`Iqv Av‡Q, A =[ ]
2 3
0 4
,

 A=
2
[ ][ ][
2 3 2 3 4+ 2 6+ 12
0 4 0 4 0+0 0+16 ]
¿
[ ]
4 18
0 16
wb‡Y©q gvb, A =
2
[ ]
4 18
0 16

wb‡Y©q gvb . A =[
0 16 ]
24 18
,

[ ]
1
L. †`Iqv Av‡Q ,A = [ ]
2 3
0 4
, Ges B = 2
k
0 2a
 [ ][ ] [
1
 AB =
2 3
0 4
2
k
0 2a
=
1+0 2 k +6 a
0+0 0+8 a
=
0 ] [
1 2k+6a
8k ]
Avgiv Rvwb, I = [ ]
1 0
0 1
 AB = I n‡e, hw` 2k + 6a = 0 Ges 8a = 1 nq|
GLb, 8a = 1
1
ev, a =
8
Avevi, 2k + 6a = 0
1 3
ev, 2k + 6. = 0 ev, 2k = -
8 4
3
 k-
8
3 1
wb‡Y©q gvb : k- Ges a = .
8 8
M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = [ ]
2 3
0 4
Ges C = [
6 2
−3 h ]
 det A = | |
2 3
0 4
=8–0=8

Ges det C = | |
6 2
−3 h
= 6h + 6
cÖkœg‡Z, det A = det C
ev, 8 =6h + 6
ev, 6h = 8 – 6
2 1
ev, h = =
6 3
1
wb‡Y©q gvb : h = |
3
& cÖkœ 30
A= [ ] [
2 1
3 4
,B=
1 −2
−1 1 ]
n‡j wbY©q Ki :

K. AB 2
L. ( AB)' 4
M. B' A ' 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 2]
30bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ 23 14], B = [−11 −21 ]

K. A =

AB =[
3 4 ] [−1 1 ]
2 1 1 −2


=[ ] =[
−1 −2 ]
2−1 −4 +1 1 −3
3−4 −6+ 4
wb‡Y©q gvb, AB =[
−1 −2 ]
1 −3

L. ÔKÕ bs ‡_‡K cÖvß, AB =[

−1 −2 ]
1 −3

Avgiv Rvwb, hw` ‡Kv‡bv g¨vwUª· A Gi AvKvi m  n nq Z‡e A ' Gi AvKvi n‡e n  m|
 (AB)-1= [−11 −3
−2 ]
wb‡Y©q gvb, (AB) =[
−1 −2 ]
1 −3
-1

M. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A =[ ,B=[

3 4] −1 1 ]
2 1 1 −2


'
A=
[ 21 34]Ges B =[−11 −21 ]'


'
B A=
'
[−21 −11 ] [ 21 34 ]
¿
[−4+1
2−1 3−4
][=
1 −1
−6+ 4 −3 −2 ]
wb‡Y©q gvb, B A =[
−3 −2 ]
' ' 1 −1

& cÖkœ 31
iwb, Rwb I gwb evRvi n‡Z h_vµ‡g 7 UvKv, 16 UvKv I 22 UvKv wb‡q wZb cÖKv‡ii `ªe¨
wK‡b Avbj| hv‡`i GKK g~j¨ h_vµ‡g x, y, z UvKv| iwb cÖwZwU `ª‡e¨i 1wU K‡i, Rwb `ªe¨
wZbwUi h_vµ‡g 1wU, 2wU I 3wU Ges gwb `ªe¨ wZbwUi h_vµ‡g 1wU, 3wU I 4wU K‡i
wK‡b|
[Link]‡ii eY©bv Abyhvqx GKwU mij mgxKiY †RvU MVb Ki| 2

[ ]
1 1 1
L. 1 2 3 g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· wbY©q Ki| 4
1 3 4
M.x, y, z Gi gvb wbY©q Ki| 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 1]
31bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 
K. iwbi Rb¨, x + y + z = 7
Rwbi Rb¨, x + 2y + 3z = 16
gwbi Rb¨, x + 3y + 4z = 22
BnvB wb‡Y©q mij mgxKiY †RvU|

[ ]
1 1 1
L. cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª· 1 2 3
1 3 4
det of Matrix =1(8-9)-1(4-3)+1(3-2)
= -1-1+1
= -1 ≠ 0
g¨vwUª·vwUi AbyivwkMy‡jv n‡jv :
A11 = | |
2 3
3 4
=8 – 9=−1;
A12=¿
A13= | |
1 2
1 3
=3−2=1;
A21=¿
A22= | |
1 1
1 4
=4−1=3 ;
A23=¿
A31= | |
1 1
2 3
=3−2=1; | |
A32=¿ A33=
1 1
1 2
=2−1=1 ;
 [ ]
T
−1 −1 1
 adj of Matrix= −1 3 −2
1 −2 1

[ ]
−1 −1 1
¿ −1 3 −2
1 −2 1
 cÖ`Ë g¨vwUª·wUi wecixZ g¨vwUª·

[ ]
−1 −1 1
1
¿ −1 3 −2
−1
1 −2 1

[ ]
1 1 −1
¿ 1 −3 −2
−1 2 −1
M, ÔKÕ n‡Z cÖvß mgxKiY †Rv‡Ui g¨vwUª· AvKvi,

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 1 1 x 7
¿ 1 2 3 y = 16
1 3 4 z 22
ev, AX=B ; ‡hLv‡b

| | [] [ ]
1 1 1 x 7
A= 1 2 3 , X = y Ges B= 16
1 3 4 z 22

| |
1 1 1
 | A|= 1 2 3
1 3 4
= 1(8-9)-1(4-3)+1(3-2)=-1-1+1=-1

| |
7 1 1
| A x|= 16 2 3
22 3 4
=7(8-9)-1(64-66)+1(48-44)=-7+2+4= - 1

| |
1 7 1
| A y|= 1 16 3
1 22 4
=1(64-66)-7(4-3) +1(22-16) =-2-7+6=-3

| |
1 1 1
| A z|= 1 2 16
1 3 22
=1(44-48)-1(22-16) +7(3-2) =-4-6+7=-3
| A x|
−1 |A y| −3 =3 | A z| −3
 x= =1 ; y¿
= = Ges z = = =3
| A| −1 |A| −1 | A| −1
wb‡Y©q gvb, x = 1, y = 3Ges z=3

& cÖkœ 32

[ ]
1 2
A= 3 4 ,B=
0 1
4 3
2 1
IC= [ ] [ ]
1 2
2 3
n‡j,

[Link] Ges BC wbY©q Ki| 2

L. †`LvI †h, (AB)C = A(BC). 4
' '
M. †`LvI †h,( B+C ) =B +C ' Ges
( BC )' =C ' B' . 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 15]
32bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ ] [ ]
1 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 3 4 , B =
0 1
4 3
2 1 [ ]
Ges C =
1 2
2 3

[ ][ ]
1 2
4 3
 AB =3 4
2 1
0 1

[ ][ ]
4 +4 3+2 8 5
= 12+ 8 9+4 = 20 13
0+2 0+1 2 1

Ges BC =[ ][ ]
4 3 1 2
2 1 2 3

[ =
4 +6 8+9
2+2 4+ 3] [ ] =
10 17
4 7

[ ]
8 5
wb‡Y©q gvb, AB = 20 13 Ges BC =
2 1
[ ]
10 17
4 7

[ ]
8 5
L. K-n‡Z cÖvß, AB = 20 13 Ges BC =
2 1
[ 4 7]
10 17

[ ][ ]
8 5
1 2
evgcÿ = (AB)C = 20 13
2 3
2 1

[ ][ ]
8+10 16+15 18 31
= 20+26 40+39 = 46 79
2+2 4+ 3 4 7

[ ][ ]
1 2
10 17
Wvbcÿ = A(BC) = 3 4
4 7
0 1

[ ][ ]
10+8 17+14 18 31
= 30+16 51+28 = 46 79
0+ 4 0+7 4 7
 (AB)C = A(BC).(†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

M. GLv‡b, B+C= [ 42 31]+[12 23]

=[ ] =[
4 4]
4 +1 3+2 5 5
2+2 1+3

=[
B =¿ [ ] 3 1]
'
' 4 3 4 2
2 1

[ 12 32] =[ 12 23]
'
'
C=
evgcÿ= (B+C)'

[ ][ ]
'
5 5 5 4
= =
4 4 5 4
Wvbcÿ = B' + C '
= [ ][ ]
4 2 1 2
3 1 2 3
+

= [ ][ ]
4 +1 2+2 5 4
3+2 1+3 5 4
=

 ( B+C )' =B' +C ' . (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

K-n‡Z cÖvß, BC = [ 104 177 ]

evgcÿ= ( BC ) =[
4 7]
'
10 17
'

=[
17 7 ]
10 4

=C B =[
2 3 ][ 3 1 ]
1 2 4 2
' '
Wvbcÿ

=[
8+ 9 4+ 3 ]
4 +6 2+2

=[
17 7 ]
10 4
= Wvbcÿ
 ( BC )' =C ' B' . (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
& cÖkœ 33

[ ] [ ]
0 2 −1 2
A= [
1 2 3
4 5 6 ]
, B = 1 2 ,C = 0 4 n‡j,
0 −1 3 6
[Link] Ges BAwbY©q Ki Ges †`LvI †h, AB ≠BA. 2
L. ACwbY©q Ki | 4
M. †`LvI †h, AB+AC=¿A(B+C). 4
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 15]
33bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

][ ]
0 2
[Link]‡b, AB =
1 2 3
4 5 6
1 2
0 −1
[
=
0+2+0 2+4−3
=
2 3
0+5+0 8+10−16 5 12 [ ][ ]
[ ][
0 2
Ges BA = 1 2
0 −1
1 2 3
4 5 6 ]
[ ]
0+ 8 0+10 0+12
= 1+ 8 2+10 3+12
0−4 0−5 0−6

[ ]
8 10 12
= 9 12 15
−4 −5 −6
AB ≠BA. (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)

][ ]
−1 2
L. GLv‡b,AC =
1 2 3
4 5 6[ 0 4
3 6

= [
−1+0+ 9 2+8+18
=
8 28
−4 +0+18 8+20+36 14 64 ][ ]
wb‡Y©q gvb, AC= [148 2864 ]
M. K-n‡Z cÖvß, AB = [
5 12 ]
2 3

L-n‡Z cÖvß, AC=[

14 64 ]
8 28

[ ][ ] [ ][ ]
0 2 −1 2 0−1 2+2 −1 4
GLb, B+C= 1 2 + 0 4 = 1+0 2+ 4 = 1 6
0 −1 3 6 0+3 −1+6 3 5
evg cÿ = AB+AC
= [
2 3
5 14
+
8 28
14 64 ] [ ]
= [2+8 3+28
=
10 31
5+14 12+64 19 76 ][ ]
[ ][ ]
−1 4
1 2 3
Wvb cÿ = A(B+C) = 1 6
4 5 6
3 5

=[−1+2+ 9 4+12+15
=
10 31
−4 +5+18 16 +30+30 19 76 ][ ]
 AB+AC=¿A(B+C). (†`Lv‡bv n‡jv)
& cÖkœ 34

[ ]
1 3 2
hw`, A = 2 0 3 nq, Z‡e-
1 −1 1
2
K. A wbY©q Ki | 2
L. A3wbY©q Ki | 4
3 2
M. A −2 A + A−2 I wbY©q Ki †hLv‡b,

[ ]
1 0 0
I= 0 1 0 4
0 0 1
[Abykxjbxi cÖkœ 27]
34bs cÖ‡kœi mgvavb 

[ ]
1 3 2
K. †`Iqv Av‡Q, A = 2 0 3
1 −1 1

[ ][ ]
1 3 2 1 3 2
 A = A.A = 2 0 3 2 0 3
2

1 −1 1 1 −1 1

[ ]
1+ 6+2 3+0−2 2+9+ 2
= 2+ 0+3 6+0−3 4+ 0+3
1−2+1 3−0−1 2−3+1

[ ]
9 1 13
=5 3 7
0 2 0

[ ][ ]
9 1 13 1 3 2
3 2
L. A =A . A= 5 3 7 2 0 3
0 2 0 1 −1 1
 [ ]
9+2+13 27+0−13 18+ 3+13
= 5+ 6+7 15+0−7 10+ 9+7
0+ 4+ 0 0+0−0 0+ 6+0

[ ]
24 14 34
= 18 8 26
4 0 6
M. cÖ`Ë ivwk = A3 −2 A 2+ A−2 I

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
24 14 34 9 1 13 1 3 2 1 0 0
= 18 8 26 −2 5 3 7 +2 0 3 −2 0 1 0
4 0 6 0 2 0 1 −1 1 0 0 1
[K I L Gi mvnv‡h¨]

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
24 14 34 18 2 26 1 3 2 2 0 0
= 18 8 26 − 10 6 14 + 2 0 3 − 0 2 0
4 0 6 0 4 0 1 −1 1 0 0 2

[ ]
24+18+ 1−2 14−2+ 3−0 34−26+2−0
= 18−10+2−0 8−6 +0−2 26−14+3−0
4−0+1−0 0−4−1−0 6−0+1−2

[ ]
5 15 10
= 10 0 15
5 −5 5

1. A= [ 25 −1
−3 ]
n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb A[Xv −1
? †ev.
Õ19]
K)[ L)[
5 2] −5 −2 ]
−3 1 −3 −1

√M)[ N)[
5 −2 ] −5 −2 ]
3 −1 −3 1

[Z_¨: [
c d] ad−bc [−c a ]
a b 1 d −b
Gi Inverse =

A=[ ] [ ] =[
5 −2 ]
2 −1 1 −3 1 3 −1
Gi Inverse = ]
5 −3 −6+5 −5 2

√K) p x m
2. A g¨vwUª†·i µgp x n Ges B g¨vwUª†·i µg n x m n‡j AB x Bg¨vwUª†·i µg †KvbwU ?
L) n x p
[iv. †ev.
M) m x n N) m x p Õ19]
[Z_¨: (p x n) . (n x m) = p x m ]

[ ]
2 0 0
3. A= 0 3 0 Gi A−1†KvbwU ? [iv. †ev.
0 0 4 Õ19]
1

[ ] [ ]
2 0 0
2 0 0 1
K) L) 0 3 0
0 3 0 24
0 0 4
0 0 4
 [ ]
1
0 0
2

[ ] √N) 0
2 0 0
1
M) 24 0 3 0 0
3
0 0 4
1
0 0
4

[ ]
1
0 0
x

[ ]
x 0 0
1
[Z_¨: 0 y 0 g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· n‡”Q = 0 0 ]
y
0 0 z
1
0 0
z

4. A= [ 24 31] n‡j Adj A=? [h. †ev.

Õ19]
K)[ L)[
4 2] 3 1]
1 3 2 4

√M)[ ] N)[
4 −2 ]
1 −3 −1 3
−4 2

[Z_¨: A=[ ] n‡j Adj A = [

−c a ]
a b d −b
c d

∴[ Gi Adj = [
4 1] −4 2 ]
2 3 1 −3
]

[]
0
5. P=[1 2 3 ]I Q= 1 n‡j, PQ&Gi gvb ?
[h. †ev.
√K)[8]
2
Õ19]
L)[ 1476 ]

[]
0
M) 2 N)¿
6

[]
0
[Z_¨: PQ = =[1 2 3 ] . 1 = [0+2+6]=8]
2

| |
1 1 3
6. 0 −1 x wbY©vqKwUi(1,2) Zg Abyivwk -3 n‡j, x Gi gvbÑ
1 −3 3 [h. †ev.

√M) 3
K) -12 L) -3 Õ19]
N) 12
[Z_¨: (1,2) Zg Abyivwk =
0 x
1 3 | |
= 0-x
-x= -3 ev x=3 ]

[]
1
7. P= [
1 2 34
2 3 45 ] 2
Ges Q= n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gvb ?
3
4
√L) 2 x 1
[Kz. †ev.
K) 1 x 2 Õ19]
M) 4 x 1 N) 4 x 4
[Z_¨: P Gi gvÎv = (2 x 4)
 Q ‘’ ‘’ = (4 x 1)
∴ (2 x 4) . (4 x 1) n‡Z (2 x 1) ]
8. B= [2 −7
1 −4 ]n‡j, B−1 †KvbwU ?

[ ] √L)[ ]
−4 7 4 −7
K)
−1 2 1 −2

M) [4 −1
7 −2 ] [N)
2 −1
7 −4 ]
[Z_¨:
a b
c d[ ] Gi Inverse =
1
ad−bc −c a[
d −b
]
∴ [ ]
2 −7
1 −4
’’ ’’ =
1
[
−4 7
−8+7 −1 2
=
4 −7
1 −2] [ ]
9. AGes B g¨vwUª‡·i µg h_vµ‡g 4 x 5 Ges 5 x 4 n‡j AB g¨vwUª‡·i µgÑ

√N) 4 x 4
K) 5 x 5 L) 4 x 4 [P. †ev. Õ19;iv.
M) 5 x 5 †ev. Õ17]
[Z_¨:A g¨vwUª‡·i µg m x n Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg n x p n‡j g¨vwUª‡·i µg n‡e m x p ]

[ ]
2 0 1
10. 0 2 0 GKwU Ñ [wm.
†ev.
√L)cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
1 0 2
K)KY© g¨vwUª·
M) †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· N)e¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·

[ ][ ]
2 0 1 2 0 1
[Z_¨: A = A’ n‡j A g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· nq| GLv‡b, 0 2 0 = 0 2 0 ]
1 0 2 1 0 2
T T
11. A,BGes C g¨vwUªª·¸wji gvÎv h_vµ‡g 4 x 3,3 x 4 Ges7 x 4 n‡j (B+ A ).C g¨vwUª‡·i gvÎv

√L) 3 x 7
KZ ?
K) 3 x 4 [e. †ev.
M) 4 x 3 N) 4 x 7 Õ19]
[ Z_¨: Gi gvÎv = (3 x 4)
(3 x 4). (4 x 7)¸Yd‡ji gvÎv = 3 x 7]
12. A+B = [2 −3
4 −1 ] Ges A-B = [
4 5
−2 7 ]
n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU B g¨vwUªª·?

√K)
[e. †ev.
[ [ ]
−1 −4
3 −4 ] L)
−1 1
−2 7 Õ19]

M) [ ]
6 2
2 6 [ ] N)
3 1
1 3

[ ][
[ Z_¨: (A+B) – (A-B) =
2 −3
4 −1
-
4 5
−2 7 ]
=[ ] [ ]
2−4 −3−5
4 +2 −1−7
=
−2 −8
6 −8

B= [ ] [ ]
1 −2 −8
2 6 −8
=
−1 −4
3 −4
]

[ ]
13. K Gi gvb KZ n‡j
3 6
5 k
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡e ?
[w`.

√N) 10
K) -10 L) 0
M) 3
 [ Z_¨: g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡j , [ 35 6k ] = 0
ev, 3k -30 = 0 ev,3k=30; k =10 ]

| |
2 5 x
14. 2 3 6 y wbY©vq‡Ki mgvb †KvbwU [w`. ?
4 7 z †ev.

| | | |
4 10 2 x 4 10 2 x
K) 6 12 2 y L) 6 12 2 y
8 14 z 8 14 2 z

| | | | √N) 3 12
4 7 x +2 2 10 x
M) 6 8 y+ 2 y
8 9 z+2 4 14 z [iv. †ev.
Õ17]

| || || |
2 5 x 2 2.5 2. x 2 10 x
[Z_¨: 2 3 6 y = 3 2.6 2. y = 3 12 y ]
4 7 z 4 2.7 2. z 4 14 z

| |
2 −4 6
15. 3 x −5 = 0 n‡j, x gvb †KvbwU[w`. ?
5 −10 9 †ev.
K) -4 √L) -6
M) 5 N) 6
[Z_¨: x=-6 n‡j 1g Kjvg I 2q Kjvg mgvb n‡e| ZvB x=-6]
16. [ p +1 6
]g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx[mKj.
n‡j , pGi gvb Ñ

√L) -4
4 8 †ev.
K) -8
M) 4 N) 6
[Z_¨: [p +1 6
4 8 ]
g¨vwUª·wU e¨wZµgx n‡j
p +1 6
4 8 [ ]
=0 ev, -8p-8-24=0 ev, -8p = 32 ; p=4 ]

| |
2 3 −1
17. A= 5 6 0 wbY©vqKwUi (2,3)Zg mn¸YK †KvbwU ?
−2 1 4 [mKj.[mKj.
√K) -8 L) -3 †ev. †ev.
M) 8 N) 17
[Z_¨:(2,3)Zg mn¸YK = (-1) 2+3 |−22 31| = -(2+6) =-8]
√L) 2 x 3
18. A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 x 4 Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg 4 x 3 n‡j , ABGi µg †KvbwU ?
K) 2 x 4 [Xv.
M) 3 x 2 N) 4 x 4 †ev.
[Z_¨: A g¨vwUª‡·i µg 2 x 4 Ges B g¨vwUª‡·i µg 4 x 3 | (2 x 4) . (4 x 3) = (2 x 3)]

| |
5 0 1
19. −3 2 3 wbY©vq‡K (2,1)Zg fwz³i mn¸YK KZ?
6 7 −1 [Xv.
†ev.
√N) 7
K) -7 L) -3
M) 3
[Z_¨:(2,3)Zg fzw³i mn¸YK = -
0 1
7 −1 | |
= -(0 – 7) = 7 ]
 [ ]
3 5 1
20. A= 4 0 2 n‡j A-2I=? [iv. †ev.
1 6 4 Õ17]

[ ] [ ] √L) 4 −2 2
5 5 1 1 5 1
K) 4 2 2
1 6 6 1 6 2

[ ] [ ]
1 3 −1 1 3 −1
M) 4 0 2 N) 2 −2 0
1 6 4 −1 4 2

[ ][ ][ ][ ]
3 5 1 1 0 0 3−2 5−0 1−0 1 5 1
[Z_¨: A-2I = 4 0 2 - 2 0 1 0 = 4−0 0−2 2−0 = 4 −2 2 ]
1 6 4 0 0 1 1−0 6−0 4−2 1 6 2

21. A= [ 32 10 ] , B=[ 64 ] ,X=[ xy ]Ges AX=B n‡j (x,y)= KZ ?

√K) (2,0) L) (2,2) [iv. †ev.
M) (2,4) N) (4,-3) Õ17]

[Z_¨: A X = B ev, [ ][ ] [ ] [
3 1 x
2 0 y 4 2 x +0 4] []
= 6 ev, 2 x + y = 6 ev, 2x=4; x=2 Avevi 3x + y = 6 ; 3.2+y=0;

y=0 ; (x,y) = (2,0) ]

| |
1 2 3
22. P Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨ 1 2 p wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡e?
3 4 0 [iv. †ev.
−3 3 Õ17]
K) L)
√N) 3
5 5
M) -3
[ Z_¨: Ackb PviwU †_‡K P Gi cwie‡Z© 3 emv‡jB cÖ`Ë 1g I 2q mvwi GKB nq| myZivs
cÖ`Ë wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ n‡e| ]
23. & | |
01
Gi gvb †KvbwU ? [h. †ev.
√L) -2
2−1
Õ17]
K) -3
M) 2 N) 3
[Z_¨:
01
2−1| |= 0 x (-1)=2 x 1 = 0 -2 =-2 ]

24. A=
0 s[ ]
s 0
, ∀ s ϵ R Ges s ≠ 0 n‡j A−1†KvbwU ?
[Kz. †ev.

[ ]
1 Õ17]

[ ] √L)
1 0
0 s
K) s
1
0 s 0
s

[ ]
−1

[ ]
0 −1
s 0
M) N) s
−1
0 0 −s
s
 [Z_¨: A= [ 0s 0s ] = [ ac bd ] (awi)
[ ]
[ ]
s −0 1
[
∴A −c a =
-1
d −b
] −0 s
= [ s 0
0 s ] =
s
0
]
¿ A∨¿ ¿ [0 s] s
s 0 2
0
1
s

25. A=[
6 4 ]
8 −5 −1 [P. †ev.
n‡j A =KZ?
Õ17]
K) - [ L) [
2 6 8] 2 6 8]
1 4 5 1 4 5

√M) [ N) [
2 6 4] 2 −5 8 ]
1 8 5 1 4 −6

[ ]
−4 0 −2
26. a Gi gvb KZ n‡j 0 5 a g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg n‡e?
−2 4 0 [P.

√N) 4
K) -4 L) -2
M) 0

[ ]
−4 0 −2
[Z_¨: awi, g¨vwUª· A = 0 5 a
−2 4 0

[ ] [ ]
t
−4 0 −2 −4 0 −2
A g¨vwUª·wU cÖwZmg n‡e hw` A = A nq| ev, 0
t
5 a = 0 5 a
−2 4 0 −2 4 0

][ ][
−4 0 −2 −4 0 −2
ev, 0 5 a = 0 5 a ]
−2 4 0 −2 4 0
27. wb‡Pi †Kvb wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨? [e. †ev.

| | | |
1 0 2 1 0 0 Õ17]
K) 2 0 1 L) 0 1 0
1 3 0 0 0 1

| | | |
√M) 2 3 4
4 0 8 0 0 1
N) 1 2 3
1 5 2 0 6 0
[Z_¨ : Ackb (M) n‡Z,

| | | |
4 0 8 4 0 8
2 3 4 = 2 2 3 4 [c1’ = c1 + c2., c3’ = c2 + c3 = 2 x 0 [1g I 2q Kjvg Abyiƒc] = 0 ]
1 5 2 1 5 2

28. A I B `y‡Uv3 x 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· n‡j|A-B|=0Gi mg_©KÑ

K) A=0mat evB=0 mat [e. †ev.
L)|A|=0 ev |B|=0 Õ17]

√N)A=0 mat
M)|A|=0 ev|B|=0
29. A= [ 24 13]Gi wecixZ g¨vwUª· †KvbwU ? [w`.
†ev.
K)[ √L) [
−1 2 ] 2 −4 2 ]
3 −4 1 3 −1

M) [ N) [
2 −1 2 ] 2 −1 2 ]
1 3 −4 −1 3 −4

| |
p 2 q+r [w`.
30. q 2 r + p wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ? †ev.

√K) 0
r 2 p+q
L) 1
M)pqr N) p+q+r+1

| | | | | |
p 2 q+r p 1 q+r 1 1 q+r
[Z_¨: q 2 r + p = 2 q 1 r + p = 2 (p+q+r) 1 1 r + p = 2 (p+q+r) x 0 = 0 ]
r 2 p+q r 1 p+q 1 1 p+q
31. KY© g¨vwUª‡·i †ÿ‡Î- [Xv.
i. a ij ≠ 0 ,i= j , †ev.
i i.a ij=0 ,i> j
i i i.a ij=0 ,i< j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

√N)i ,ii Iiii

K)iI ii L)iIiii
M) ii Iiii

| |
3 2 42
32. 0 3 6 wbY©vqKwUiÑ [iv. †ev.
1 3 0 Õ19]
i. gvb0
ii. (2,3) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 5
iii. (2,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 0
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

√M)iIiii
K)iI ii L) ii Iiii
N)i ,ii Iiii
33. [ 2 −4
−4 −8] GKwUÑ [Kz.
†ev.
i. eM©© g¨vwUª·
ii. ewZµgx g¨vwUª·
iii.cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

√N)i ,ii Iiii

K)iI ii L) ii Iiii
M)iIiii

[ ]
4 0 0
34. 0 4 0 GKwUÑ [e.
0 0 4
i. eM©© g¨vwUª·
ii. KY© g¨vwUª·
iii. ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

√N)i ,ii Iiii

K)iI ii L)iIiii
M) ii Iiii
[Z_¨: i. g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi I Kjvg msL¨v mgvb nIqvq GwU GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· ;
 ii . g¨vwUª·wUi cÖavb K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv Ak~b¨ nIqvq GwU GKwU KY© g¨vwUª· ;
iii. g¨vwUª·wUi cÖavb K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv mgvb nIqvq GwU GKwU KY© g¨vwUª· ]

[ ]
5 0 0
35. 0 5 0 GKwUÑ [mKj.
0 0 5 †ev.
i. eM©© g¨vwUª·
ii. A‡f`K g¨vwUª·
iii. ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·

√L)iIiii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K)iI ii
M) ii Iiii N)i ,ii Iiii
36. A= [ ] α 0
0 α
, ∀ α ϵ N GKwUÑ
[Kz.
i. eM©© g¨vwUª· †ev.
ii. Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª·
iii. ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

√N)i ,ii Iiii

K)iI ii L)iIiii
M)i
[Z_¨: i. g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi I Kjvg msL¨v mgvb nIqvq GwU GKwU eM© g¨vwUª·;

[ ] = α 2 -0 = α 2 ≠ 0 GKwU AewZµgx ;
α 0
ii. |A|=
0 α
iii. g¨vwUª·wUi gyL¨ K‡Y©i fzw³¸‡jv mgvb nIqvq GwU GKwU KY© g¨vwUª·|

[ ]
1 0 0
37. 0 2 0 GKwUÑ [wm.
0 0 3 †ev.
i. eM©© g¨vwUª·
ii . ‡¯‹jvig¨vwUª·
iii. KY© g¨vwUª·

√L)iIiii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K)iI ii
M) ii Iiii N)i ,ii Iiii
38. A= [ ] 2 3
5 4
n‡jÑ [wm.
†ev.
i. |A|Gi gvb-7
ii. (1,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 5
iii. (2,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 3

√L)iIiii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K)iI ii
M) ii Iiii N)i ,ii Iiii
[Z_¨:

[ ]
i. A=
2 3
5 4
= 8 – 8 =0
ii. (1,2) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 5
iii.(2,1) Zg fzw³i Abyivwk 3 ]
39. i. cª‡Z¨K AweZµgx g¨vwUª‡·i wecixZ g¨vwUª· we`¨gvb
ii. AI B eM©vKvi Ae¨wZµgx g¨vwUª· n‡j,( AB)−1 = B−1 A−1 [w`.
i i i. †Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki Abyiƒc mvwi Ges Kjvg mg~n ci¯úi Ae¯’vb wewbgq Ki‡j†ev.
wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi cwieZ©b nq
 √K)iI ii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
L)iIiii
M) ii Iiii N)i ,ii Iiii
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 40 I 41bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

[ ]
x 0 0 [P.
A= [
3 −2
2 2
D= 2 4 1]
3 −2 0
†ev.

−1
40. A =¿ ?
K) [
1 2 2
10 −2 3
L) ]1 2 −2
10 2 3 [ ]
[ √N) ] [ ]
1 3 2 −2 3
M)
10 −2 2 2 2
[Z_¨: |A| = |D| ,
ev, 6+4 =

√K) -5
41. x Gi †Kvb gv‡bi Rb¨|A|= Dn‡e ?
L) -1
M) 1 o
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 42 I 43bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

( )
3 0 0
A= 0 4 0 [Xv.
0 0 5 †ev.
42. A GKwU-
i. cÖwZmg g¨vwUª·
ii . ‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
iii. KY© g¨vwUª·

√L)iIiii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
K)iI ii
M) ii Iiii N)i ,ii Iiii
43. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A−1 ?
1

( )
3 0 0

( )
3 0 0 1
K) L) 0 4 0
0 4 0 60
0 0 5
0 0 5

( )
1
0 0
3

(
M) 60 0 4 0 √N) 0
)
3 0 0
1
0
4
0 0 5
1
0 0
5

( )
b11 b12
44. b 21 b22 g¨vwUª·wUi AvKviÑ
b 31 b32

√M) 3 x 2
K) 2 x 2 L) 2 x 3
N)11 x 32
 ( )
b11 b12
[Z_¨: b 21 b22 g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 3 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 2| AZGe, g¨vwUª·wUi AvKvi 3
b 31 b32
x 2|]

√L) 4 x 5
45. ‡Kv‡bv g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 4 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 5n‡j, Zvi AvKvi ev gvÎv KZ n‡e ?
K) 4 - 5
4 5
M) N)
5 4
[Z_¨: Avgiv Rvwb, †Kv‡bv g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v mGes Kjvg msL¨v n n‡j, Zvi AvKvi
ev gvÎv n‡e m x n]

46. ( a11 a12 a13

a21 a22 a23 )
g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi KZ?

√K) 2 x 3 L) 11 x 21
M)11 x 23 N) a x a

[Z_¨: (
a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23 )
g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 2 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 3| AZGe, g¨vwUª·wUi

AvKvi 2 x 3|]
47. ( 5 10 0
)
g¨vwUª‡·i AvKvi KZ?

√L) 2 x 3
0 5 6
K) 1 x 2
M) 1 x 6 N) 6 x 15
[Z_¨: ( 5 10 0
0 5 6 )
g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 2 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 3| AZGe, g¨vwUª·wUi AvKvi
2 x 3|]

( )
5 7
48. 4 6 g¨vwUª·wU KZ µ‡gi?
9 11

√M) 3 x 2
K) 1 x 2 L) 2 x 3
N) 5 x 11

( )
5 7
[Z_¨: 4 6 g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 3 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 2| AZGe, g¨vwUª·wUi 3 x 2
9 11
µ‡gi|]
49. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 2 x 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·?

()
K)
2
2
L)( 2 2 )

√M)
( ) ( )
9 8 5 10 0
N)
5 14 0 5 6

[Z_¨: GLv‡b †KejgvÎ

9 8
5 14 ( )
g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi msL¨v 2 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 2| AZGe
g¨vwUª·wUi 2 x 2 µ‡gi|]
50. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 2 x 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·?

()
K)
2
3
L)
3
2 ()
√M)
( )
4 10
( 4 5 6
10 11 15 )
N) 5 11
6 15
 [Z_¨: GLv‡b †KejgvÎ (104 5 6
11 15)g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi msL¨v 2 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 3| AZGe
g¨vwUª·wUi 2 x 3 µ‡gi|]
51. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 3 x 2 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·?
K) ( )
3 5
6 4
L)( 2 5
9 10 )
( )
√M) 5 10
( )
10 6 5 10 2
N) 0 5 6
2 6 6 2 4

( )
10 6
[Z_¨: GLv‡b †KejgvÎ 5 10 g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi msL¨v 3 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 2| AZGe
2 6
g¨vwUª·wUi 3 x 2 µ‡gi|]

52. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvwi g¨vwUª·?

√K) (2 4 6)
()
2
L) 4
6

M) [ ]
2 4
4 6 (
N)
2 4 6
6 4 3 )
[Z_¨: Avgiv Rvwb , †h g¨vwUª‡·i †Kej GKwU mvwi we`¨gvb _v‡K, Zv‡K mvwi g¨vwUª·
e‡j| GLv‡b kyay (2 4 6) g¨vwUª·wU‡Z †Kej GKwU mvwi Av‡Q| ZvB (2 4 6)
g¨vwUª·wU mvwi g¨vwUª·|]
53. (2 8 5)g¨vwUª·wU KZ µ‡gi?

√M) 1 x 3 µ‡gi N) 2 x 5 µ‡gi

K) 1 x 1 µ‡gi L) 3 x 1 µ‡gi

[Z_¨:(2 8 5)g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi msL¨v 1 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 3| AZGe, g¨vwUª·wUi 1 x 3

µ‡gi|]
54. ‡Kvb g¨vwUª‡·i cÖavb K‡Y©i mKj fzw³ mgvb?

√N)‡¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·
K) Kjvg g¨vwUª· L) mvwi g¨vwUª·
M) AvqZ g¨vwUª·
55. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 1 x 4 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·?
K) (1 4) L) (4 1)

()
1
√N) (1 2 3 4)
2
M)
3
4
[Z_¨: GLv‡b †KejgvÎ (1 2 3 4)g¨vwUª·wUi mvwi msL¨v 1 Ges Kjvg msL¨v 4| AZGe
g¨vwUª·wUi 1 x 4 µ‡gi|]

√L) Kjvg g¨vwUª·

56. ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i †Kej GKwU Kjvg we`¨gvb _v‡K,Zv‡K Kx e‡j ?
K)mvwi g¨vwUª·
M)eM© g¨vwUª· N)k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
57. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kjvg g¨vwUª· ?

√K)
()
2
6 L) (2 6 8)
8

M) (62 48) N)(68 4 8

4 6 )
[Z_¨: Avgiv Rvwb , †h g¨vwUª‡·i †Kej GKwU Kjvg we`¨gvb _v‡K, Zv‡K Kjvg g¨vwUª·
 () ()
2 2
e‡j| GLv‡b kyay 6 g¨vwUª·wU‡Z †Kej GKwU Kjvg Av‡Q| ZvB 6 g¨vwUª·wU Kjvg
8 8
g¨vwUª·|]
58. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 1 x 3 µ‡gi g¨vwUª·?
√K) (1 5 3) ( )
1 2 3
L)
4 5 6

() ( )
1 1 2
M) 5 N) 5 4
3 3 6
59. ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i mvwi I Kjvg msL¨&v Amgvb , †m g¨vwUª·‡K Kx e‡j?

√N)AvqZ g¨vwUª·
K)eM© g¨vwUª· L)KY© g¨vwUª·
M)k~b¨ g¨vwUª·
60. ‡h g¨vwUª‡·i cÖ‡Z¨KwU fzw³ k~b¨ Zv‡K Kx e‡j?

√N) k~b¨ g¨vwUª·

K)KY© g¨vwUª· L) eM© g¨vwUª·
M) AvqZg¨vwUª·
61. wb‡Pi †KvbwU eM© g¨vwUª·?

()
K) (2 4) L)
3
9

√M)( ) ( )
1 3 2 4 6
N)
5 9 6 3 5
62. wb‡Pi †KvbwU eM© g¨vwUª· ?

(
K) (1 8) L)
2 6 8
4 9 2 )
( ) (
M) 5 8 √N) 0 5 6
)
2 4 1 2 3

1 2 1 6 2
63. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 3 x 3 µ‡gi KY© g¨vwUª·?,

(
√K) 0 5 0
) ( )
2 0 0 0 2 5
L) 1 0 2
0 0 7 2 5 0

( )
1 2 3
M) 0 5 6
1 6 2
(30 03)
N)

( )
2 0 0
64. 0 2 0 g¨vwUª·wU KZ µ‡gi †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª·?
0 0 2

√N) 3 x 3 µ‡gi
K) 2 x 2 µ‡gi L) 2 x 0 µ‡gi
M) 0 x 2 µ‡gi

√K)m = n nq
65. m x nµ‡gi g¨vwUª· eM© n‡e hw` Ñ
L) m ≠ n nq
M) m ¿ n nq N) m ¿n nq
66. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †¯‹jvi g¨vwUª· ?

(
√K) 0 5
) ( )
5 0 0 0 5 5
0 L) 5 0 5
0 0 5 5 5 0

( ) ( )
3 2 1 2 0 0
M) 1 2 3 N) 0 3 0
1 5 6 1 0 0
67. wb‡Pi †KvbwU KY© g¨vwUª·?

( ) ( )
2 0 0 0 0 2
K) 5 5 0 L) 0 2 0
0 2 1 2 3 1

( ) ( ) √N) 0 2 0
0 1 2 3 0 0
M) 1 0 2
3 0 5 0 0 5

√L)1
68. A‡f`K g¨vwUª· ev GKK g¨vwUª‡·i cªavb K‡Y©i mKj fzw³ KZ ?
K)0
M)2 N)100

( )
1 0 0
69. 0 1 0 g¨vwUª·wU ‡Kvb ai‡Yi g¨vwUª· ?
0 0 1
K) 1 x 1 µ‡gi AvqZ g¨vwUª·
L) 1 x 1 µ‡gi Kjvg g¨vwUª·

√N) 3 x 3 µ‡gi GKK g¨vwUª·

M) 3 x 3 µ‡gi mvwi g¨vwUª·

70. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 2 x 2 µ‡gi GKK g¨vwUª·?

( ) √L)
( )
2 2 1 0
K)
2 2 0 1

M) ( )
1 1
1 1 ( )
N)
1 2
1 2
71. g¨vwUª‡·i Uªv݇cvR g¨vwUª·‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq ?

√M) A
K) A2 L)− A−¿
T
N)T A

√L) AT =A nq
72. eM© g¨vwUª· A †K cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw` Ñ
K) A2=¿I nq
M) A2 =A nq N) A3 =A nq

√L) AT =-A nq
73. eM© g¨vwUª· A †K wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ejv n‡e hw`Ñ
K) A2= A nq
M) AT = A2nq N) A=A 2nq
74. X GKwU eM© g¨vwUª· Ges Xt = - X n‡j ,g¨vwUª·wU ‡Kvb ai‡Yi n‡e?

M)cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· √N) wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·

K) mvwi g¨vwUª· L) Kjvg g¨vwUª·
 ( )
a1 a 2 a3
75. A= b 1 b 2 b3 n‡j, AT wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
c 1 c2 c 3

( ) ( √L) a2 b 2 c 2
)
a1 a 2 a3 a1 b 1 c 1
K) b 1 b 2 b3
c 1 c2 c 3 a3 b 3 c 3

( ) ( )
a1 0 0 a1 a 2 b 2 a3
M) 0 b 2 0 N) b 1 b 2 c 2 b3
0 0 c3 c 1 c2 a2 c 3
76. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖwZmg g¨vwUª· ?
√K) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 −2
L)
2 1 2 1

M) (
0 1
−1 0 ) N)
2 3
4 5 ( )
77. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wecÖwZmg g¨vwUª·?

( ) √L) ( )
0 2 0 2
K)
2 0 −2 0

M) ( )
0 1
−1 0
N)
2 3
4 5 ( )
( )
1 3 5
78. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 2 4 6 g¨wUª‡·i Dc-g¨vwUª·?
7 8 9

(12 1111) √L)(27 48)

K)

M)(
10 6 ) (8 9 )
1 5 3 8
N)
79. wb‡Pi †KvbwU DaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·?

( ) ( ) √L) 0 5
1 2 4 1 2 4
K) 0 0 0 2
0 5 0 0 0 5

( ) ( )
1 2 4 1 0 0
M) 0 1 0 N) 2 5 0
0 2 0 4 0 5

( )
1000
5600
80. g¨vwUª·wU ‡Kvb ai‡Yi g¨vwUª·?
32 1 0
95 7 2
K) AvqZvKvi g¨vwUª·
L) GKK g¨vwUª·

√N) wb¤œ wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·

M) DaŸ© wÎfzRvKvi g¨vwUª·

( ) ( )
6 8 10 6 8 10
81. X= 4 5 12 Ges B= 4 5 12 g¨vwUª·Øq KZ µ‡gi ?
1 2 4 1 2 4

√M) 3 x 3 µ‡gi N) 2 x 3 µ‡gi

K) 1 x 1 µ‡gi L) 2 x 2 µ‡gi
82. ‡Kv‡bv eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· ‡K nviwgwmqvb g¨vwUª· ejv nq hw`Ñ

√M) ( A)T =A
2
K) A = A L) AT =A
N)( A)2=A

K) nviwgwmqvb g¨vwUª· √L) w¯‹D nviwgwmqvb g¨vwUª·

83. B GKwU eM©vKvi g¨vwUª· Ges BT = -B n‡j, B †Kvb g¨vwUª· n‡e?

M) AvqZ g¨vwUª· N)KY© g¨vwUª·

84. hw` E= ( )
2 4
5 y
Ges F=
2 4
5 7 ( )
nq, Z‡e y =KZ n‡j, E= F n‡e?

√M)7
K)2 L)5
N) 3

( ) ( )
6 8 9 6 8 9
85. B= 5 0 2 Ges C= 5 0 2 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?
0 0 5 0 0 5

√M) B¿ C
K) B=C L) B¿ C
N) B≠ C
86. hw` E= ( )
5 6
Ges F=
0 3
( )
n‡j , E I F Gi †hvMdj KZ µ‡gi g¨vwwUª· n‡e?

√K) 2 x 2 µ‡gi L) 3 x 3 µ‡gi

2 3 2 5

M) 2 x 4 µ‡gi N) 4 x 4 µ‡gi
87. A Ges B g¨vwUª·Øq 4 x 4 µ‡gi n‡j, A+ B g¨vwUª· KZ µ‡gi n‡e?

√M) 4 x 4 µ‡gi N) 8 x 8 µ‡gi

K) 2 x 2 µ‡gi L) 1 x 2 µ‡gi

√K) 2 x 3 µ‡gi L) 3 x 2 µ‡gi

88. E I F g¨vwUª·Øq 2 x 3 µ‡gi n‡j, F-E g¨vwUª· KZ µ‡gi n‡e?

M) 1 x 2 µ‡gi N) 4 x 6 µ‡gi
89. A= (
1 2 4
6 7 8
Ges B= ) 6 5 4
0 2 8 ( )
n‡j, g¨vwUª·wU KZ µ‡gi n‡e ?

√M) 2 x 3 µ‡gi N) 4 x 6 µ‡gi

K) 1 x 1 µ‡gi L) 2 x 2 µ‡gi

√K) A+C=C+A L) A-C=C-A

90. A I C g¨vwUª·Øq GKB µ‡gi n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

M) A2=C N)C 2=A

91. A= (
2 4 8
6 8 9
Ges B=) 5 2 1
0 1 0 (
n‡j, A+B =KZ? )
K)(7 6 9
0 1 0 ) L)
2 4 8
6 9 9 ( )
√M) ( ) ( )
7 6 9 0 1 0
N)
6 9 9 5 3 6

92. A= (
2 4 8
6 8 9
Ges B=) 5 2 1
0 1 0 ( )
n‡j, B+ A g¨vwUª·wU KZ µ‡gi n‡e?

√M) 2 x 3 µ‡gi N) 4 x 6 µ‡gi

K) 2 x 2 µ‡gi L) 3 x 2 µ‡gi
 () ()
2 5
93. C= 5 Ges D= 5 n‡j C-D =KZ?
10 12

() ()
√L) 0
3 −3
K) 0
2 −2

() ()
7 3
M) 10 N) 10
22 2

( )
6 8 2
94. E= 5 3 10 n‡j 3E =KZ?
1 3 5

( ) ( )
9 11 5 2 5 −1
K) 8 6 13 L) 2 0 7
3 9 15 −2 0 2

( )
8 2
2
3 3

(
√N) 15 9 30
)
18 24 6
5 10
M) 1
3 3
3 9 15
5
1 1
3

( )
1 2 3
95. ( 2 3 4
5 6 9 )
Ges 5 8 9 g¨vwUª·Ø‡qi ¸Ydj KZ µ‡gi ?

√L) 2 x 3 µ‡gi
4 5 6
K) 2 x 2 µ‡gi
M) 2 x 6 µ‡gi N) 3x 3 µ‡gi

( )
2 6
96. C= 4 8 n‡j, 2CGi gvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU ?
10 12

( ) ( ) √L) 8 16
1 3 4 12
K) 2 4
5 6 20 24

) ( )
4 8
M) (
4 8 20
12 16 24
N) 6 10
12 14
97. AI B g¨vwUª·Øq GKB ·gi n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK

√N) A+B=B+A
K) A-B =A L) A2 = B
M) A= B2
98. B g¨vwUª· 3 x 5 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· Ges C g¨vwUª· 5 x 4 µ‡gi g¨vwUª· n‡j ,B x C g¨vwUª·
KZ µ‡gi n‡e ?

√N) 8 x 9 µ‡gi
K) 3 x 5 µ‡gi L) 5 x 4 µ‡gi
M) 3 x 4 µ‡gi
99. | |
2 4
wbY©vqKwU KZ gvÎvi ?

√K)cÖ_g gvÎvi L) wØZxq gvÎvi

6 5

M) Z„Zxq gvÎvi N) PZz_© gvÎvi

100. ‡Kv‡bv wbY©vq‡Ki cÖavb K‡Y©i fzw³ mg~‡ni ¸Ydj‡K Kx e‡j?

√M)gyL¨ c`
K)Kjvg c` L)mvwi c`
N)GKK c`

Home Practice
( 5 2 ¿ ) ¿ ¿¿
01. A=¿ n‡j A Gi gvb- -1

1 ( 3 −1¿ ) ¿ ¿¿ 1 ( 1 −2¿ ) ¿ ¿¿ 1 ( 1 2¿ ) ¿ ¿¿ 1 ( 1 −2¿ ) ¿ ¿¿

−
A. 5 ¿ B. 11 ¿ C. 11 ¿ D. 3 ¿
( p−4 7 ¿ ) ¿ ¿¿
02. ¿ g¨vwUª·wU Singular n‡e hw` P Gi gvb nq-
A. – 3, 12 B. 3, 12 C. 4, 5 D. – 4, - 5
03. A, B, C g¨vwUª· wZbwUi ch©vq h_vµ‡g m  n, m p, n  q n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU
¸Yb‡hvM¨?
A. AB B. BC C. AC D. BA
[ 1 i ¿] ¿¿¿ [ i −1¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
04. A=¿ ,B=¿ Ges i = √ −1 n‡j AB Gi gvb n‡e-
[ 1 0¿ ] ¿ ¿¿ [ 0 0¿ ] ¿ ¿¿ [ i 0¿ ] ¿ ¿¿ [ i 1¿] ¿ ¿¿
A. ¿ B. ¿ C. ¿ D. ¿

[3 0 0¿][0 2 0¿]¿¿ [x¿][ y¿]¿¿ [9¿][−4¿]¿¿

05. ¿ ¿ = ¿ g¨vwUª·wU mgvavb Ki‡j = ?
A. (0,0,0) B. (3, -2, -3) C. (3, -2, 3) D.(0,-2,0)

(0 0 2i¿ )(0 −2i 0¿) ¿ ¿¿

06. A=¿ n‡j A +4I Gi gvb KZ?2

A. 0 B. – 4 C. 64 D. – 64
[ 4 6¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
07. Matrix ¿ Gi bvg-
A. cÖwZmg B. Transpose C. e¨wZµgx D. Scalar
[2x−y 5¿]¿¿¿
08. hw` ¿ nq Z‡e x Gi gvb KZ?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
[4 0 ¿] ¿ ¿ ¿
09. ¿ n‡j x I y Gi gvb -
[−3¿] ¿ ¿¿ [ 2 ¿ ] ¿ ¿¿ [ 3 ¿] ¿ ¿¿ [ 4 ¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
A. ¿ B. ¿ C. ¿ D. ¿

[1 0¿][−12¿]¿¿¿ [2 1¿][0 1¿]¿¿¿ [ x 1¿][−1 z¿]¿¿¿

10. ¿ + ¿ = ¿ n‡j x,y Ges z Gi gvb n‡e-
 A. 1, 2, 3 B. 3, 4, 3 C. 3, - 3, 4 D. – 1, 2, 3
11. hw` A n‡”Q 3  3 g¨vwUª· Ges |A| = - 7, Zvn‡j |(2A)-1| Gi gvb n‡e-
1 1 8 2
− −
A. 14 B. 56 C. - 7 D. 7
[ a h¿ ] ¿ ¿¿ [ x¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
12. wZbwU g¨vwUª· [x y] ¿ ¿ Gi ¸Yd‡ji gvb n‡e-

[ x 2 a+xyh ¿ ] ¿ ¿¿
A. [x2a + xyh xyh + y2b ] B. [x2a + 2xyh + y2b] C. ¿ D. [2x2a + xyh + 2y2b]
13. wbYv©q‡K `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg m`„k n‡j H wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e-
A. 1 B. 2 C. 0 D. ‡KvbwUB bq

|1 x y+z¿| 1 y z+x¿|¿¿¿
14. ¿ KZ ?
A. 0 B. 1 C. xyz D. x+y+z

|1 7 8¿| 2 9 1 ¿|¿¿¿
15. wbY©vqK ¿ Gi gvb
A. 0 B. 7 C. 128 D. 296
|1 2 3¿| 4 5 6¿|¿¿¿
16. ¿ wbY©vqKwUi ‘6’ Gi mn¸bK KZ ?
|1 2¿|¿ ¿¿ |7 8¿|¿ ¿¿ |−1 −2¿|¿ ¿¿ |−1−2¿|¿ ¿¿
A. ¿ B. ¿ C. ¿ D. ¿
|0 3 2x+7¿| 2 7x 9+5x¿|¿¿¿
17. ¿ = 0 n‡j, x Gi gvb-
9 7 5
− − −
A. 5 B. C. 2 D. 0 2
18. wbY©vq‡K `yBwU mvwi ev Kjvg m`„k n‡j H wbY©vq‡Ki gvb n‡e-
A. 1 B. 2 C. 0 D. ‡KvbwUB bq
1 1 1
|1 1+a 1|
19. 1 1 1 wbY©vqKwUi gvb KZ?
A. ab B. a-ab C. a+b+1 D. 0
1+x 0 0
| 0 (1+x )2 0 |=0
2
20. 0 0 (1+x ) n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
A. -1 B. 0 C. 1 D. 3
3 1 9
|3 2 9|=?
21. 3 6 9
A. 27 B. 0 C. 54 D. 12
 1 1 y+z
3.|1 1 z+x |
22. 1 1 x+ y wbY©vqKwU gvb KZ?
A. 3 + x + y + z B. 3 (x+y+z) C. 3 D. ‡KvbwUB bq
13 16 19
| 14 17 20 |
23. 15 18 21 wbY©vq‡Ki gvb-
A. 1 B. 10 C. 20 D. 0
50 60 70
|10 20 30 |
24. 30 60 90 wbY©vqKwUi gvb-
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 0
25. wbY©vq‡Ki 2wU Kjvg ev mvwi Awfbœ n‡j †KvbwU mZ¨?

A. wbY©vq‡Ki gv‡bi wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nq B. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb k~b¨ nq

C. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb abvZ¥K nq D. wbY©vq‡Ki gvb mgvb nq
26. GKwU wbY©vq‡Ki `yBwU Kjvg mgvb n‡j Gi gvb KZ?

A. 1 B. 1 C. 0 D. 2
Answer:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
B A C B C A B C C B B B C A A C
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
C B D A B D D D B C