Question ID e5c57163
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: e5c57163
Square A has side lengths that are times the side lengths of square B. The area of square A is times the area of
square B. What is the value of ?
ID: e5c57163 Answer
Correct Answer: 27556
Rationale
The correct answer is 27,556. The area of a square is 𝑠2 , where 𝑠 is the side length of the square. Let 𝑥 represent the length
of each side of square B. Substituting 𝑥 for 𝑠 in 𝑠2 yields 𝑥2 . It follows that the area of square B is 𝑥2 . It’s given that square A
has side lengths that are 166 times the side lengths of square B. Since 𝑥 represents the length of each side of square B, the
2
length of each side of square A can be represented by the expression 166𝑥. It follows that the area of square A is 166𝑥 , or
27,556𝑥2 . It’s given that the area of square A is 𝑘 times the area of square B. Since the area of square A is equal to 27,556𝑥2 ,
and the area of square B is equal to 𝑥2 , an equation representing the given statement is 27,556𝑥2 = 𝑘𝑥2 . Since 𝑥 represents
the length of each side of square B, the value of 𝑥 must be positive. Therefore, the value of 𝑥2 is also positive, so it does not
equal 0. Dividing by 𝑥2 on both sides of the equation 27,556𝑥2 = 𝑘𝑥2 yields 27,556 = 𝑘. Therefore, the value of 𝑘 is 27,556.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 9966235e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 9966235e
A cube has an edge length of inches. A solid sphere with a radius of inches is inside the cube, such that the sphere
touches the center of each face of the cube. To the nearest cubic inch, what is the volume of the space in the cube not taken
up by the sphere?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 9966235e Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The volume of a cube can be found by using the formula 𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑉 is the volume and 𝑠 is the edge
3
length of the cube. Therefore, the volume of the given cube is 𝑉 = 68 , or 314,432 cubic inches. The volume of a sphere can
4
be found by using the formula 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟3 , where 𝑉 is the volume and 𝑟 is the radius of the sphere. Therefore, the volume of
4 3
the given sphere is 𝑉 = 3 𝜋34 , or approximately 164,636 cubic inches. The volume of the space in the cube not taken up by
the sphere is the difference between the volume of the cube and volume of the sphere. Subtracting the approximate volume
of the sphere from the volume of the cube gives 314,432 - 164,636 = 149,796 cubic inches.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID a07ed090
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: a07ed090
The figure shown is a right circular cylinder with a radius of and height of . A second right circular cylinder (not shown)
has a volume that is times as large as the volume of the cylinder shown. Which of the following could represent the
radius , in terms of , and the height , in terms of , of the second cylinder?
A. and
B. and
C. and
D. and
ID: a07ed090 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The volume of a right circular cylinder is equal to 𝜋𝑎2 𝑏, where 𝑎 is the radius of a base of the cylinder and
𝑏 is the height of the cylinder. It’s given that the cylinder shown has a radius of 𝑟 and a height of ℎ. It follows that the volume
of the cylinder shown is equal to 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. It’s given that the second right circular cylinder has a radius of 𝑅 and a height of 𝐻. It
2
follows that the volume of the second cylinder is equal to 𝜋𝑅 𝐻. Choice C gives 𝑅 = 7𝑟 and 𝐻 = 8ℎ. Substituting 7𝑟 for 𝑅 and
2
8ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second cylinder yields 𝜋7𝑟 8ℎ, or 𝜋49𝑟2 8ℎ, which is equivalent to
𝜋392𝑟2 ℎ, or 392𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 392 times the volume of the cylinder shown, 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. Therefore, 𝑅 = 7𝑟 and
𝐻 = 8ℎ could represent the radius 𝑅, in terms of 𝑟, and the height 𝐻, in terms of ℎ, of the second cylinder.
Choice A is incorrect. Substituting 8𝑟 for 𝑅 and 7ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second cylinder
yields 𝜋8𝑟2 7ℎ, or 𝜋64𝑟2 7ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋448𝑟2 ℎ, or 448𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 448, not 392, times the
volume of the cylinder shown.
Choice B is incorrect. Substituting 8𝑟 for 𝑅 and 49ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second cylinder
2
yields 𝜋8𝑟 49ℎ, or 𝜋64𝑟2 49ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋3,136𝑟2 ℎ, or 3,136𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 3,136, not 392, times
the volume of the cylinder shown.
Choice D is incorrect. Substituting 49𝑟 for 𝑅 and 8ℎ for 𝐻 in the expression that represents the volume of the second cylinder
2
yields 𝜋49𝑟 8ℎ, or 𝜋2,401𝑟2 8ℎ, which is equivalent to 𝜋19,208𝑟2 ℎ, or 19,208𝜋𝑟2 ℎ. This expression is equal to 19,208, not 392,
times the volume of the cylinder shown.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID ba8ca563
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: ba8ca563
A cube has a volume of cubic units. What is the surface area, in square units, of the cube?
ID: ba8ca563 Answer
Correct Answer: 36504
Rationale
The correct answer is 36,504. The volume of a cube can be found using the formula 𝑉 = 𝑠3 , where 𝑠 represents the edge
length of a cube. It’s given that this cube has a volume of 474,552 cubic units. Substituting 474,552 for 𝑉 in 𝑉 = 𝑠3 yields
474,552 = 𝑠3 . Taking the cube root of both sides of this equation yields 78 = 𝑠. Thus, the edge length of the cube is 78 units.
Since each face of a cube is a square, it follows that each face has an edge length of 78 units. The area of a square can be
2
found using the formula 𝐴 = 𝑠2 . Substituting 78 for 𝑠 in this formula yields 𝐴 = 78 , or 𝐴 = 6,084. Therefore, the area of one
face of this cube is 6,084 square units. Since a cube has 6 faces, the surface area, in square units, of this cube is 66,084, or
36,504.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 899c6042
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 899c6042
A right circular cone has a height of and a base with a diameter of . The volume of this cone is
. What is the value of ?
ID: 899c6042 Answer
Correct Answer: 66
Rationale
The correct answer is 66. It’s given that the right circular cone has a height of 22 centimeters cm and a base with a diameter
of 6 cm. Since the diameter of the base of the cone is 6 cm, the radius of the base is 3 cm. The volume 𝑉, in cm3 , of a
1
right circular cone can be found using the formula 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟2 ℎ, where ℎ is the height, in cm, and 𝑟 is the radius, in cm, of the
3
1 2
base of the cone. Substituting 22 for ℎ and 3 for 𝑟 in this formula yields 𝑉 = 3 𝜋3 22, or 𝑉 = 66𝜋. Therefore, the volume of the
cone is 66𝜋 cm3 . It’s given that the volume of the cone is 𝑛𝜋 cm3 . Therefore, the value of 𝑛 is 66.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID b0dc920d
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: b0dc920d
A manufacturer determined that right cylindrical containers with a height that is 4
inches longer than the radius offer the optimal number of containers to be
displayed on a shelf. Which of the following expresses the volume, V, in cubic
inches, of such containers, where r is the radius, in inches?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: b0dc920d Answer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The volume, V, of a right cylinder is given by the formula , where r represents the radius of the
base of the cylinder and h represents the height. Since the height is 4 inches longer than the radius, the expression
represents the height of each cylindrical container. It follows that the volume of each container is represented by the
equation . Distributing the expression into each term in the parentheses yields .
Choice A is incorrect and may result from representing the height as instead of . Choice B is incorrect and may result
from representing the height as instead of . Choice C is incorrect and may result from representing the volume of a
right cylinder as instead of .
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 5b2b8866
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 5b2b8866
A rectangular poster has an area of square inches. A copy of the poster is made in which the length and width of the
original poster are each increased by . What is the area of the copy, in square inches?
ID: 5b2b8866 Answer
Correct Answer: 2592/5, 518.4
Rationale
The correct answer is 518.4. It's given that the area of the original poster is 360 square inches. Let 𝑙 represent the length, in
inches, of the original poster, and let 𝑤 represent the width, in inches, of the original poster. Since the area of a rectangle is
equal to its length times its width, it follows that 360 = 𝑙𝑤. It's also given that a copy of the poster is made in which the
length and width of the original poster are each increased by 20%. It follows that the length of the copy is the length of the
20
original poster plus 20% of the length of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝑙 + 𝑙 inches. This length can be
100
rewritten as 𝑙 + 0.2𝑙 inches, or 1.2𝑙 inches. Similarly, the width of the copy is the width of the original poster plus 20% of the
20
width of the original poster, which is equivalent to 𝑤 + 100 𝑤 inches. This width can be rewritten as 𝑤 + 0.2𝑤 inches, or 1.2𝑤
inches. Since the area of a rectangle is equal to its length times its width, it follows that the area, in square inches, of the
copy is equal to 1.2𝑙1.2𝑤, which can be rewritten as 1.21.2𝑙𝑤. Since 360 = 𝑙𝑤, the area, in square inches, of the copy can be
found by substituting 360 for 𝑙𝑤 in the expression 1.21.2𝑙𝑤, which yields 1.21.2360, or 518.4. Therefore, the area of the copy,
in square inches, is 518.4.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 9f934297
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 9f934297
A right rectangular prism has a length of , a width of , and a height of . What is the
surface area, , of the right rectangular prism?
ID: 9f934297 Answer
Correct Answer: 2216
Rationale
The correct answer is 2,216. The surface area of a prism is the sum of the areas of all its faces. A right rectangular prism
consists of six rectangular faces, where opposite faces are congruent. It's given that this prism has a length of 28 cm, a
width of 15 cm, and a height of 16 cm. Thus, for this prism, there are two faces with area 2815 cm2 , two faces with area
2816 cm2 , and two faces with area 1516 cm2 . Therefore, the surface area, in cm2 , of the right rectangular prism is
22815 + 22816 + 21516, or 2,216.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID dc71597b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: dc71597b
A right circular cone has a volume of cubic feet and a height of 9 feet. What
is the radius, in feet, of the base of the cone?
A.
B.
C.
D. 3
ID: dc71597b Answer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale
Choice A is correct. The equation for the volume of a right circular cone is . It’s given that the volume of the
right circular cone is cubic feet and the height is 9 feet. Substituting these values for V and h, respectively, gives
. Dividing both sides of the equation by gives . Dividing both sides of the equation by 9
gives . Taking the square root of both sides results in two possible values for the radius, or . Since
the radius can’t have a negative value, that leaves as the only possibility. Applying the quotient property of square
roots, , results in , or .
Choices B and C are incorrect and may result from incorrectly evaluating . Choice D is incorrect and may result from
solving instead of .
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID f243c383
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: f243c383
Two identical rectangular prisms each have a height of . The base of each prism is a square, and the
surface area of each prism is . If the prisms are glued together along a square base, the resulting prism has a surface
area of . What is the side length, in , of each square base?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f243c383 Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. Let 𝑥 represent the side length, in cm, of each square base. If the two prisms are glued together along a
square base, the resulting prism has a surface area equal to twice the surface area of one of the prisms, minus the area of
the two square bases that are being glued together, which yields 2𝐾 - 2𝑥2 cm2 . It’s given that this resulting surface area is
92 92 92 92
equal to 47
𝐾 cm2 , so 2𝐾 - 2𝑥2 =
47
𝐾. Subtracting 47
𝐾 from both sides of this equation yields 2𝐾 - 47 𝐾 - 2𝑥2 = 0. This
47 94 92 2
equation can be rewritten by multiplying 2𝐾 on the left-hand side by 47
, which yields 47
𝐾 -
47
𝐾 - 2𝑥2 = 0, or
47
𝐾 - 2𝑥2 = 0.
2 47
Adding 2𝑥2 to both sides of this equation yields 𝐾 = 2𝑥2 . Multiplying both sides of this equation by yields 𝐾 = 47𝑥2 . The
47 2
surface area 𝐾, in cm2 , of each rectangular prism is equivalent to the sum of the areas of the two square bases and the areas
of the four lateral faces. Since the height of each rectangular prism is 90 cm and the side length of each square base is
𝑥 cm, it follows that the area of each square base is 𝑥2 cm2 and the area of each lateral face is 90𝑥 cm2 . Therefore, the
surface area of each rectangular prism can be represented by the expression 2𝑥2 + 490𝑥, or 2𝑥2 + 360𝑥. Substituting this
expression for 𝐾 in the equation 𝐾 = 47𝑥2 yields 2𝑥2 + 360𝑥 = 47𝑥2 . Subtracting 2𝑥2 and 360𝑥 from both sides of this
equation yields 0 = 45𝑥2 - 360𝑥. Factoring 𝑥 from the right-hand side of this equation yields 0 = 𝑥45𝑥 - 360. Applying the zero
product property, it follows that 𝑥 = 0 and 45𝑥 - 360 = 0. Adding 360 to both sides of the equation 45𝑥 - 360 = 0 yields
45𝑥 = 360. Dividing both sides of this equation by 45 yields 𝑥 = 8. Since a side length of a rectangular prism can’t be 0, the
length of each square base is 8 cm.
Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 93de3f84
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 93de3f84
The volume of right circular cylinder A is 22 cubic centimeters. What is the volume,
in cubic centimeters, of a right circular cylinder with twice the radius and half the
height of cylinder A?
A. 11
B. 22
C. 44
D. 66
ID: 93de3f84 Answer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale
Choice C is correct. The volume of right circular cylinder A is given by the expression , where r is the radius of its
circular base and h is its height. The volume of a cylinder with twice the radius and half the height of cylinder A is given by
, which is equivalent to . Therefore, the volume is twice the volume of cylinder A, or
.
Choice A is incorrect and likely results from not multiplying the radius of cylinder A by 2. Choice B is incorrect and likely
results from not squaring the 2 in 2r when applying the volume formula. Choice D is incorrect and likely results from a
conceptual error.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID eb70d2d0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: eb70d2d0
What is the area, in square units, of the triangle formed by connecting the three points shown?
ID: eb70d2d0 Answer
Correct Answer: 24.5, 49/2
Rationale
The correct answer is 24.5. It's given that a triangle is formed by connecting the three points shown, which are -3, 4, 5, 3, and
4, - 3. Let this triangle be triangle A. The area of triangle A can be found by calculating the area of the rectangle that
circumscribes it and subtracting the areas of the three triangles that are inside the rectangle but outside triangle A. The
rectangle formed by the points -3, 4, 5, 4, 5, - 3, and -3, - 3 circumscribes triangle A. The width, in units, of this rectangle can
be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and 5, - 3. This distance is 4 - -3, or 7. The length, in units, of this
rectangle can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and -3, 4. This distance is 5 - -3, or 8. It follows
that the area, in square units, of the rectangle is 78, or 56. One of the triangles that lies inside the rectangle but outside
triangle A is formed by the points -3, 4, 5, 4, and 5, 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating
the distance between the points 5, 4 and 5, 3. This distance is 4 - 3, or 1. The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle
can be found by calculating the distance between the points 5, 4 and -3, 4. This distance is 5 - -3, or 8. It follows that the area,
1
in square units, of this triangle is 2 81, or 4. A second triangle that lies inside the rectangle but outside triangle A is formed by
the points 4, - 3, 5, 3, and 5, - 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance
between the points 5, 3 and 5, - 3. This distance is 3 - -3 , or 6. The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle can be
found by calculating the distance between the points 5, - 3 and 4, - 3. This distance is 5 - 4, or 1. It follows that the area, in
1
square units, of this triangle is 2 16, or 3. The third triangle that lies inside the rectangle but outside triangle A is formed by
the points -3, 4, -3, - 3, and 4, - 3. The length, in units, of a base of this triangle can be found by calculating the distance
between the points 4, - 3 and -3, - 3. This distance is 4 - -3, or 7. The corresponding height, in units, of this triangle can be
found by calculating the distance between the points -3, 4 and -3, - 3. This distance is 4 - -3, or 7. It follows that the area, in
1
square units, of this triangle is 77, or 24.5. Thus, the area, in square units, of the triangle formed by connecting the three
2
points shown is 56 - 4 - 3 - 24.5, or 24.5. Note that 24.5 and 49/2 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID f329442c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: f329442c
Circle has a radius of and circle has a radius of , where is a positive constant. The area of circle is how
many times the area of circle ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: f329442c Answer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The area of a circle can be found by using the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2 , where 𝐴 is the area and 𝑟 is the radius of
2
the circle. It’s given that the radius of circle A is 3𝑛. Substituting this value for 𝑟 into the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2 gives 𝐴 = 𝜋3𝑛 , or
2
9𝜋𝑛2 . It’s also given that the radius of circle B is 129𝑛. Substituting this value for 𝑟 into the formula 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2 gives 𝐴 = 𝜋129𝑛
16,641𝜋𝑛2
, or 16,641𝜋𝑛2 . Dividing the area of circle B by the area of circle A gives , which simplifies to 1,849. Therefore, the
9𝜋𝑛2
area of circle B is 1,849 times the area of circle A.
Choice A is incorrect. This is how many times greater the radius of circle B is than the radius of circle A.
Choice B is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice C is incorrect. This is the coefficient on the term that describes the radius of circle B.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID f7e626b2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: f7e626b2
The dimensions of a right rectangular prism are 4 inches by 5 inches by 6 inches.
What is the surface area, in square inches, of the prism?
A. 30
B. 74
C. 120
D. 148
ID: f7e626b2 Answer
Rationale
Choice D is correct. The surface area is found by summing the area of each face. A right rectangular prism consists of three
pairs of congruent rectangles, so the surface area is found by multiplying the areas of three adjacent rectangles by 2 and
adding these products. For this prism, the surface area is equal to , or ,
which is equal to 148.
Choice A is incorrect. This is the area of one of the faces of the prism. Choice B is incorrect and may result from adding the
areas of three adjacent rectangles without multiplying by 2. Choice C is incorrect. This is the volume, in cubic inches, of the
prism.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 306264ab
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 306264ab
A right triangle has sides of length , , and units. What is the area of the triangle, in square units?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ID: 306264ab Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
1
Choice B is correct. The area, 𝐴, of a triangle can be found using the formula 𝐴 = 2 𝑏ℎ, where 𝑏 is the length of the base of the
triangle and ℎ is the height of the triangle. It's given that the triangle is a right triangle. Therefore, its base and height can be
represented by the two legs. It’s also given that the triangle has sides of length 2√2 , 6√2 , and √80 units. Since √80 units is
the greatest of these lengths, it's the length of the hypotenuse. Therefore, the two legs have lengths 2√2 and 6√2 units.
1 1
Substituting these values for 𝑏 and ℎ in the formula 𝐴 = 2 𝑏ℎ gives 𝐴 = 2 2√2 6√2 , which is equivalent to 𝐴 = 6√4 square
units, or 𝐴 = 12 square units.
Choice A is incorrect. This expression represents the perimeter, rather than the area, of the triangle.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from conceptual or calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 459dd6c5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 459dd6c5
Triangles and are similar. Each side length of triangle is times the corresponding side length of triangle
. The area of triangle is square inches. What is the area, in square inches, of triangle ?
ID: 459dd6c5 Answer
Correct Answer: 135/8, 16.87, 16.88
Rationale
135
The correct answer is 8
. It's given that triangles ABC and DEF are similar and each side length of triangle ABC is 4 times the
corresponding side length of triangle DEF. For two similar triangles, if each side length of the first triangle is 𝑘 times the
2
corresponding side length of the second triangle, then the area of the first triangle is 𝑘 times the area of the second triangle.
2
Therefore, the area of triangle ABC is 4 , or 16, times the area of triangle DEF. It's given that the area of triangle ABC is 270
square inches. Let 𝑎 represent the area, in square inches, of triangle DEF. It follows that 270 is 16 times 𝑎, or 270 = 16𝑎.
270 135
Dividing both sides of this equation by 16 yields 16
= 𝑎, which is equivalent to
8
= 𝑎. Thus, the area, in square inches, of
135
triangle DEF is . Note that 135/8, 16.87, and 16.88 are examples of ways to enter a correct answer.
8
Question Difficulty: Hard
Question ID 310c87fe
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty
SAT Math Geometry and Area and volume
Trigonometry
ID: 310c87fe
A cube has a surface area of 54 square meters. What is the
volume, in cubic meters, of the cube?
A. 18
B. 27
C. 36
D. 81
ID: 310c87fe Answer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale
Choice B is correct. The surface area of a cube with side length s is equal to . Since the surface area is given as 54
square meters, the equation can be used to solve for s. Dividing both sides of the equation by 6 yields .
Taking the square root of both sides of this equation yields and . Since the side length of a cube must be a
positive value, can be discarded as a possible solution, leaving . The volume of a cube with side length s is
equal to . Therefore, the volume of this cube, in cubic meters, is , or 27.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect and may result from calculation errors.
Question Difficulty: Hard