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Uniform Continuity - Real Analysis

Theorem 5.8C states that if f is a continuous function from a compact metric space (M1) to another metric space (M2), then f is uniformly continuous on M1. The proof involves using the compactness of M1 to create a finite subcover of open balls, leading to the conclusion that the function maintains uniform continuity. Corollary 6.8D further establishes that any continuous real-valued function on a closed interval [a, b] is also uniformly continuous due to the compactness of the interval.

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32 views2 pages

Uniform Continuity - Real Analysis

Theorem 5.8C states that if f is a continuous function from a compact metric space (M1) to another metric space (M2), then f is uniformly continuous on M1. The proof involves using the compactness of M1 to create a finite subcover of open balls, leading to the conclusion that the function maintains uniform continuity. Corollary 6.8D further establishes that any continuous real-valued function on a closed interval [a, b] is also uniformly continuous due to the compactness of the interval.

Uploaded by

cruz mohan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Uniform Continuity

Theorem 5.8C/6.8C
Theorem 5.8C. Let (M1 , ρ1 ) be a compact metric space and f : M1 → M2 a continuous
function into a metric space (M2 , ρ2 ). Then f is uniformly continuous on M1 .

Proof
Let ε > 0 be given. Since f is continuous at every point a ∈ M1 , for each a there exists a
radius ra > 0 such that

ε
ρ1 (x, a) < ra ⇒ ρ2 (f (x), f (a)) < .
2

Now consider the open ball centered at a of radius ra /2:

ra ra
   
B a, = x ∈ M1 : ρ1 (x, a) < .
2 2

These balls form an open cover of M1 .


Since M1 is compact, there exists a finite subcover:
n
ri
 
B ai , where ri = rai .
2 i=1

Define
r1 r2 rn
 
δ = min , ,..., > 0.
2 2 2
Let x, y ∈ M1 such that ρ1 (x, y) < δ. Since the union of these finitely many balls covers
M1 , the point x lies in one of them, say B(aj , rj /2). So:

rj
ρ1 (x, aj ) < .
2

1
Then by the triangle inequality,

rj rj rj
ρ1 (y, aj ) ≤ ρ1 (y, x) + ρ1 (x, aj ) < δ + ≤ + = rj .
2 2 2

Thus both x and y lie within the ball B(aj , rj ), and by the definition of rj :

ε ε
ρ2 (f (x), f (aj )) < , ρ2 (f (y), f (aj )) < .
2 2

Using the triangle inequality in (M2 , ρ2 ),

ε ε
ρ2 (f (x), f (y)) ≤ ρ2 (f (x), f (aj )) + ρ2 (f (y), f (aj )) < + = ε.
2 2

Hence, f is uniformly continuous on M1 . ■

Corollary 6.8D
Corollary 6.8D. If f is a continuous real-valued function on the closed interval [a, b], then
f is uniformly continuous on [a, b].

Proof
The closed interval [a, b] ⊂ R is compact by the Heine-Borel Theorem.
Since f is continuous on [a, b], which is a compact metric space, we can apply Theorem
5.8C to conclude that f is uniformly continuous on [a, b].
■

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