Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com
Questions
Q1.
As levels of activity increase, the heart can respond to the changing demand for oxygen.
Which term describes the ability of heart muscle to contract without external stimulation?
(1)
A autonomic
B cardiac
C myogenic
D systolic
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q2.
Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle development.
Some athletes use anabolic steroids in an attempt to improve their performance.
The effect of long-term anabolic steroid use on heart function has been investigated.
The left ventricular ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that leaves the
left ventricle when it contracts.
The left ventricular ejection fraction for a healthy heart should be greater than 55%.
The results of a small study are shown in the graph.
(i) Analyse the data to determine the effect of anabolic steroid use on heart function.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
(ii) Some drugs used to treat cancer have also been shown to reduce the
ventricular ejection fraction.
Describe how the safe dose of a cancer drug could be determined.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q3.
Many animals possess a heart and a circulatory system.
Changes in the cardiac cycle can be observed by recording an electrocardiogram (ECG).
The ECG for a resting person is shown in the diagram.
Calculate the heart rate for this person.
(1)
Answer ...........................................................
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q4.
Athletic competitions often take place during the summer months when ambient
temperatures are high.
High ambient temperatures affect marathon runners.
Heat stress occurs when the core body temperature rises above 40 °C.
When running a marathon, both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
The graph shows the effect of exercise intensity on stroke volume for marathon runners.
(i) Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.
During a race, a marathon runner's exercise intensity increased from 0 to 100%. The
table shows the effect on the runner's heart rate.
Calculate the increase in cardiac output for a marathon runner during a race.
Give your answer in dm3 min−1.
(2)
........................................................... dm3 min−1
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
(ii) Explain why it is necessary for the cardiac output of marathon runners to increase during
a race.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q5.
The demand for oxygen changes during exercise.
The change in demand affects the breathing rate.
Changes in breathing can be investigated using a spirometer.
Spirometer traces taken from the same individual before, during and two minutes
after exercise are shown.
Calculate the rate of oxygen consumption during exercise.
(2)
........................................................... dm3s–1
(Total for question = 2 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q6.
Doctors sometimes prescribe beta-blockers for their patients.
Beta-blockers are a type of drug with antihypertensive properties.
Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of a hormone called adrenaline.
Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands located on top of each kidney.
Adrenaline acts on the heart to cause changes in heart rate.
Deduce how adrenaline can cause a change in heart rate.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q7.
Doctors sometimes prescribe beta-blockers for their patients.
Beta-blockers are a type of drug with antihypertensive properties.
In one study, the effect of beta-blockers on the heart rate during exercise was investigated.
In this study, volunteers were placed randomly into one of four groups shown in the table.
The heart rate of each volunteer was recorded during a period of exercise.
A mean value was calculated separately for the males and females in each group.
The graph shows the results of this study.
(i) Calculate the percentage change in male heart rate caused by increasing the dose of
beta-blocker from very low to high.
(2)
Answer ...........................................................
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
(ii) Deduce the effect of beta-blockers on the supply of blood to muscle during exercise.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q8.
A spirometer can be used to study the performance of an athlete.
The trace produced by a spirometer can be used to determine the respiratory minute
ventilation and the
oxygen consumption of an individual.
A student compared the spirometer trace for a pair of healthy, genetically identical twins.
State two variables that would have to be controlled to make this a valid comparison.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 2 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q9.
The demand for oxygen changes during exercise.
The change in demand affects the breathing rate.
At the start of exercise, breathing rate increases.
Explain how starting to exercise causes an increase in breathing rate.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 3 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q10.
The demand for oxygen changes during exercise.
The change in demand affects the breathing rate.
Explain the effect of exercise on the changes in oxygen consumption.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q11.
A spirometer can be used to study the performance of an athlete.
The trace produced by a spirometer can be used to determine the respiratory minute
ventilation and the oxygen consumption of an individual.
Describe how a spirometer trace can be used to calculate the respiratory minute ventilation
and the
oxygen consumption per minute.
(4)
respiratory minute ventilation
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
oxygen consumption per minute
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q12.
Cystic fibrosis is a condition that affects breathing.
A person breathed air in and out of the air chamber of a piece of apparatus.
Measurements were made of changes in the volume of air in the chamber. The carbon
dioxide produced was removed from the chamber. The changes in volume were recorded on
the trace shown in the diagram.
(i) Which of the following is the name of this piece of apparatus?
(1)
A colorimeter
B potometer
C respirometer
D spirometer
(ii) Which of the following is shown by the label V on the trace?
(1)
A alveolar volume
B tidal volume
C total lung volume
D ventilation rate
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
(iii) Which of the following is the breathing rate in breaths per minute between 80 and 120
seconds?
(1)
A 6 breaths min−1
B 9 breaths min−1
C 12 breaths min−1
D 16 breaths min−1
(iv) Calculate the rate of oxygen uptake between 80 and 120 seconds.
(3)
Answer ........................................................... cm3 min−1
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q13.
As levels of activity increase, the heart can respond to the changing demand for oxygen.
Describe how the sinoatrial node (SAN) is involved in bringing about a change in heart rate
as the level of activity increases.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 2 marks)
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q3.
Q4.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q5.
Q6.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q7.
Q8.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q9.
Q10.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q11.
Q12.
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Edexcel Biology A-level - Cardiac Cycle and Ventilation [Link]
Q13.
