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EOC (2) merged - CS25C03-ESSENTIALS OF COMPUTING

LABORATORY
computer science and engineering (Anna University)

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PSN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Melathediyoor, Palayamkottai Taluk, Tirunelveli – 627 152
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS25C03-ESSENTIALS OF COMPUTING LABORATORY

(COMMON TO CSE, AI&DS, IT)

REGULATION 2025
LAB MANUAL
FIRST YEAR (ODD SEM)
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2025-2026

PREPARED BY
Mr.K.PUNGARAJAN, AP/CSE,
NAME
REG.NO
YEAR /SEM
SECTION

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CS25C03-ESSENTIALS OF COMPUTING

AIM
To provide students with a strong foundation in basic computing concepts,
computer architecture, operating systems, and programming fundamentals,
enabling them to understand how computers work and apply computational
thinking to solve real-world problems.
OBJECTIVES
1. To introduce the fundamental concepts of computer systems, including
hardware, software, and data representation.
2. To understand operating system principles, file management, and process
management.
3. To learn basic programming concepts such as algorithms, flowcharts, and
pseudocode.
4. To develop computational thinking skills for problem-solving using
computers.
5. To familiarize students with common software applications such as word
processors, spreadsheets, and presentation tools.
6. To understand basic networking concepts and internet fundamentals.
7. To promote responsible and ethical use of computer technology.
MISSION

To empower students with essential computing knowledge and skills,

enhancing their ability to analyze problems, design efficient solutions, and use
computing technologies responsibly in academic, professional, and everyday
contexts.

VISION

To create a generation of competent computer-literate individuals capable

of leveraging computing technologies effectively, fostering innovation,
problem-solving, and ethical responsibility in the digital world.

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LAB SYLLABUS
Computers:
1.Office Software for documentation and presentation
2. Spread sheets for calculations and data. Visualization
Computational Thinking:
1. Solving problems based on number systems and logics.
2. Virtual Demonstration of Computational thinking.
Problem Solving Basics:
1.Algorithm Development for simple mathematical problems
Programming Languages:
1. Flowchart design for simple mathematical problems

Scratch Programming:
1. Creation of Functional Block for simple mathematical problems
2. Drawing and Painting operations
3. Scratch Animation for understanding Conditional and Loop statements.
4. Draw artistic, geometric patterns and create games.
5. Scratch Programs for applied scientific computing and data manipulations
App Development:
1. Sample App Developments for societal problems.

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INDEX

EX.NO DATE EXPERIMENT PAGE MARK SIGNATURE

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M S OFFICE WORD

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Ex. No: 1.1 FORMATTING THE DOCUMENT

Date:

AIM:
To format the document in word.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open and save a new word file.
Step 2: Set the page margins.
Step 3: Specify the page layout and modify the normal text format.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Formatting the Word document was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.
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Ex. No: 1.2 WORKING WITH TABLES

Date:

AIM:
To work with tables in MS-WORD.
PROCEDURE:
Tables in MS-Word can be created in two ways:
1. Using the Grid.

Step 1: Go to the insert tab and click Table button.

Step 2: In the drop-down menu, select the number of rows and columns from the grid.
2. Using dialogue box:

Step 1: Go to the insert tab and click Table button.

Step 2: Under Grid, click insert table.
Step 3: In insert dialogue box, mention the no. of rows and columns and click OK.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Woking with Tables in MS-Word was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.3 WORKING WITH BULLETS AND LISTS

Date:

AIM:
To work with bullets and lists in MS-Word.

PROCEDURE
CREATING BULLETS:
Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Go to home tab.
Step 3: Go to paragraph section and select bullets.

CREATING NUMBERED LIST:

Step 1: Select the text for first level
Step 2: Now go to the home tab.
Step 3: Go to the paragraph section and select multilevel option.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Working with bullets and lists in MS-Word was implemented and the output is
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.4 WORKING WITH STYLES, SHADES, SMARTART AND CHARTS
Date:
AIM:
To work with styles, shades, smart art and charts.

PROCEDURE:
1. APPLYING STYLES:
Step 1: Text selection.
Step 2: Press Ctrl+ Shift+ s.
Step 3: A dialog box for apply style is popped up. Choose your style for selected text
by navigating down by pressing Alt+ Down Arrow.

2. APPLYING SHADES:
Step 1: Select the text.
Step 2: Go to shading tab in Home.
Step 3: Select the shading colour of your choice.

3. INSERTING SMART ART:

Step 1: Select the Insert tab.
Step 2: Click the smart art option.
Step 3: Select the smart art of your choice.

4. INSERTING CHARTS:
Step 1: Click Insert>Chart.
Step 2: Click chat type and double click the chart.
Step 3: Replace the default data with your details.
Step 4: Use layout options to arrange the chart and text in your document.

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OUTPUT:
1. STYLES

2. SHADES

3. SMARTART

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4. GRAPHS

RESULT:
Thus, Working with styles, Shades, Smart art and Charts were implemented and the
output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.5 IMPORTING OBJECTS FROM OTHER OFFICE TOOLS

Date:

AIM:
To insert and import objects from other office tools.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click create new tab.
Step 2: Select an option from object list.
Step 3: If you want the new file to appear as a clickable icon, select display as icon. If
this check box is selected, you can choose different icon by clicking change.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, importing objects from other office tools was implemented and output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.6 WORKING WITH DOCUMENT TEMPLATES

Date:

AIM:
To create and use Document Templates in MS-Word.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click File>Save as.
Step 2: Type name for your template in File name box.
Step 3: Click template item in Save as type list.
Step 4: Click save.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus Creating and using Document templates in Word was implemented and the output
is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.7 INSERTING EQUATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS

Date:

AIM:
To insert the equations, special characters and symbols in word document.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Place cursor in the document where you want to insert the equations, symbols
or special characters.
Step 2: Go to insert tab and click on the equation drop down icon in the symbols section
at the top right corner of the screen.
Step 3: Then select the equation you want to select.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Inserting equations, special characters and symbols in word was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.8 WORKING WITH TABLE OF CONTENTS, REFERNCE AND CITATION
Date:

AIM:
To work with table of contents, reference and citation in word.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Place the cursor where you want to add the table of contents, reference and
citation.
Step 2: Go to Reference > Table of contents and choose automatic style.
Step 3: Go to Reference>Style, choose a citation style and insert the citation.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Working with table of contents, reference and citation in word was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.9 INSERT AND REVIEW COMMANDS

Date:

AIM:
To insert and review the commands in word.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the command.
Step 2: Select Review>New command.
Step 3: Click elsewhere in the document when you are done.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Insert and reviewing the commands were implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.10 CREATE BOOKMARK, HYPERLINK, END NOTE AND FOOT NOTE
Date:

AIM:
To create bookmark, hyperlink, end note and foot note in word.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the place where you want add bookmark, hyperlink, end note and foot
note.
Step 2: Click Insert>Bookmark. Under bookmark name, type a name and click add.
Step 3: On insert tab, select link and click the link.
Step 4: Click references>insert endnote.
Step 5: Click references>insert footnote.
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Creating bookmark, hyperlink, end note and foot note in word was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.11 VIEWING DOCUMENTS IN DIFFERENT MODES

Date:

AIM:
To view the word document in different modes.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To change the documents view in word, click the desired document view button

Step 2: Alternatively, click the desired documents view button on the View tab of the
ribbon in either the view and/or immersive button groups.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, viewing the word document in different modes was implemented and the output
is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.12 DOCUMENT PROTECTION AND SAFETY

Date:

AIM:
To protect and secure the document in MS-Word.
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the word menu, click preferences.
Step 2: Under personal settings, click security.
Step 3: In the password to open box, type a password and then click OK.
Step 4: Confirm the password.
Step 5: Click OK and Save.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Document protection and safety was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 1.13 INSPECT DOCUMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY

Date:

AIM:
To inspect the documents for accessibility.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select File>Info.
Step 2: Select Check for issues>Check Accessibility.
Step 3: In the inspection results, select an issue.
Step 4: In the Additional Information, review How to fix and make the needed changes
to your document.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, inspecting the document for checking the accessibility was implemented and the
output is verified successfully.

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MS-EXCEL

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Ex. No: 2.1 CREATING WORKSHEETS IN EXCEL

Date:

AIM:
To create the worksheet, insert and format the table in excel.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the home tab, in cells group click Insert.
Step 2: Then click Insert sheet.
Step 3: Select a cell within your data.
Step 4: Select Home>Format as table.
Step 5: Choose a style for your table.
Step 6: In the format as table dialog box, set your cell range.
Step 7: Mark of your tables has headers.
Step 8: Select OK.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, creating a worksheet and inserting table in the worksheet was implemented and
the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.2 WORKING WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA

Date:

AIM:
To work with different types of data: List, Currency, Date, Numeric in excel.

PROCEDURE:
1. CREATING LIST:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Data >Data Validation.
Step 3: Select Settings>Allow box>Click list.
Step 4: Click the source box, then select list range.
Step 5: Check the In-cell dropdown box.
Step 6: Click the input message.

2. CURRENCY DATA:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Home >currency.

3. DATE FORMAT:
Step 1: Select Home>Format.
Step 2: Choose the Locate (Location) and date format you want.

4. WORKING WITH NUMERIC DATA:

Step 1: Press Ctrl+1 and select Number.
Step 2: Right click the cell or cell range, select Format cells and select numbers.
Step 3: Select the small arrow, dialog box launcher and then select number.

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OUTPUT:
1. LIST

2. CURRENCY DATA

3. DATE

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4. NUMERIC DATA

RESULT:
Thus, working with different types of data in excel was implemented and the output is
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.3 DATA MODIFICATION IN EXCEL

Date:

AIM:
To Split, Validate, Consolidate and Convert data.

PROCEDURE:
1. SPLITTING DATA:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: Select Data>Text to columns. Step 3: Select Delimited>Next.
Step 4: Select Next.
Step 5: Select the designation in your Worksheet to split the data.

2. CONSOLIDATING DATA:
Step 1: Click Data>Consolidate in data tools group.
Step 2: In the function box, click the summary function that you want
the excel to use to Consolidate the data.
3. VALIDATING DATA:
Step 1: Select the cells for validation. Step 2: Click Data Validation.
Step 3: On the settings tab, in the allow box, select list. Step 4: Type the
list values in source box.
4. DATA CONVERSION:
Step 1: Select data column, select Home>Transform>Data Type and
then select Date option.
Step 2: You can convert other numeric types such as percentage or
currency. Step 3: Select Home>Close and Load.

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OUTPUT:
1. SPLITTING DATA:

2. VALIDATING DATA:

3. CONSOLIDATING DATA:

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4. CONVERTING DATA:

RESULT:
Thus, data modification in excel was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.4 SORT AND FILTER DATA

Date:

AIM:
To sort and filter the data in excel.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select the cell.
Step 2: On the data tab, select sort and filter group to perform ascending sort.
Step 3: Click to perform descending sort.
Step 4: Select Data>Filter.
Step 5: Select the column header arrow.
Step 6: Select Text Filters or number filters and then select a comparison.
Step 7: Enter the criteria and select OK.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, Sorting and filtering the data in excel was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.5 PERFORM CALCULATIONS USING FUNCTIONS

Date:

AIM:
To perform mathematical calculations (statistical, logical, mathematical and data time)
using functions.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Calculations in excel can be performed simply by using the equal sign (=).
Step 2: To perform statistical calculations, default built-in functions are available such
as:
1. COUNT

2. COUNTA

3. COUNTBLANK

4. COUNTIFS

5. AVERAGE

6. MEAN
7. MEDIAN

8. MODE

Step 3: Select the cell

Step 4: Type equal sign and then type a function to implement logical operations.
Step 5: Type two full dates and times.
Step 6: Set the format. Select both the cells and press Ctrl+1.
Step 7: Subtract the two cells.
Step 8: Set the [h]: mm format.
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, performing calculations was implemented and output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.6 WORKING WITH LOOK UP AND REFERENCE FORMULAS

Date:

AIM:
To work with look up and reference formulas in excel.

PROCEDURE:
1. LOOKUP TABLES:
Step 1: In the formula bar, type VLOOKUP ().
Step 2: Enter the look up value.
Step 3: Enter table array or lookup table, the range of data you want to search and
comma.
Step 4: Enter column index number.
Step 5: Enter the range lookup value, either TRUE or FALSE.

2. REFERENCE FORMULAS:
Step 1: Click the cell.
Step 2: In the formula bar, type =.
Step 3: Select the cell that contains the value you want or type its cell reference.
Step 4: Press enter.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, working with lookup and reference formulas was implemented and the output is
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.7 WORKING WITH CHARTS

Date:

AIM:
To create and work with different types of charts in excel.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select data for the chart.
Step 2: Select Insert>Recommended charts.
Step 3: Select a chart on the Recommended charts tab to preview the charts.
Step 4: Select a chart.
Step 5: Select OK.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, creating and working with different types of charts in excel was implemented and
the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.8 SUMMARIZING CHARTS USING PIVOT TABLE

Date:

AIM:
To use the pivot tables to summarize and analyse the charts.

PROCEDURE:
1. CREATING PIVOT CHARTS:
Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select Insert>Pivot chart.
Step 3: Select the place where you want the pivot chart to appear.
Step 4: Select OK.
Step 5: Select the fields to display the menus.

2. SUMMARIZING THE PIVOT TABLE USING CHARTS:

Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select Pivot Table Tools> Analyse >Pivot Chart.
Step 3: Select a chart.
Step 4: Select OK.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, working with Pivot tables to summarize and analyse the charts was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.9 PERFORM DATA ANALYSIS

Date:

AIM:
To perform data analysis using your own functions and formulas.

PROCEDRE:
Step 1: Select a cell.
Step 2: Select the Analyse Data button on the home tab.
Step 3: The following functions are performed:
1.CONCATENATE
2. LENGTH
3. TRIM
4. COUNTA
5. FIND/SEARCH

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, performing data analysis using your own functions and formulas in Excel was
implemented and output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.10 COMBINING DATA

Date:

AIM:
To combine data from multiple worksheet and use built=in functions to generate results.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open each source sheet.
Step 2: In your destination sheet, click the upper-left cell of the area where you want
the consolidated data to appear.
Step 3: On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Consolidate.
Step 4: In the Function box, click the function that you want Excel to use to consolidate
the data.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, combining the data from multiple worksheets was implemented and the output is
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.11 EXPORT DATA AND SHEETS

Date:

AIM:
To export data and sheets using Excel.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Right click the
worksheets name tab. Step 2:
Click Select Move or Copy.
Step 3: Click on the Move Selected sheets to Book drop down menu.
Select new book. Step 4: Click OK. Your new workbook opens with
your moved worksheet.
Step 5: Click File>Save in your new workbook.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, exporting the data and sheets in excel was implemented and the
output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.12 WORKING WITH MACROS

Date:

AIM:
To working with macros using the excel workbook.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Create the Excel Sheet with the below data.

Step 2:

Step 3: Now another window will open, in that window do following things:
Click on

Customize Ribbon, Mark the checker box for Developer option, Click on
OK button.

Step 4: You will now be able to see the DEVELOPER tab in the ribbon.

Step 5: Record Macro

Step 5.1: Click on the DEVELOPER tab

Step 5.2: Click on Record Macro as shown in the image below and give the
macro name then

press the OK button

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Step 5.3: Record the operation as Split the last name in another column. Click
the Data Menu and choose Text to Columns one dialog box will open. Click the
space option in check box and give finish.

Step 5.4: The output display as

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Step 5.5: Record another operation as select the marks and go to HOME menu to use
conditional formatting

Step 5.6: Again goto Developer menu to press Stop Recording.

Step 6: Run the Macro

Step 6.1: In developer menu, Click Macros Option dialog box will open.
Choose the recorded macro.

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Step 6.2: Click on run option

RESULT:
Thus, working with macros using the excel workbook was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 2.13 PROTECTING DATA AND SECURING WORKBOOK

Date:

AIM:
To protect the data and secure the excel workbook.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Choose Protect Workbook and Select encrypt
with password. Step 2: Enter the chosen password
and click OK.
Step 3: Re-enter the password and click OK again.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, protecting and securing the data or worksheets in excel was
implemented and the output is verified successfully.

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MS-POWERPOINT

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Ex. No: 3.1 CHOOSE SLIDE TEMPLATE, LAYOUT AND THEMES

AIM:
To choose slide template, layout and themes in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:
1. SLIDE TEMPLATE:
Step 1: Select File>New.
Step 2: Choose a template or search for online template and press enter.
Step 3: Choose the template and select create.

2. SLIDE LAYOUT:
Step 1: On the view menu, Click Slide Master.
Step 2: Click the slide master tab and then click New Layout.

3. SLIDE THEMES:
Step 1: On the view tab, select slide master.
Step 2: Then select Themes.
Step 3: Click Save Current Theme.
Step 4: In the file name box, type an appropriate name for the theme and click Save.

OUTPUT:
1. SLIDE TEMPLATE:

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2. SLIDE LAYOUT:

3. SLIDE THEME:

RESULT:
Thus, choosing slide template, layout and themes in PowerPoint was implemented and
the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.2 FORMATTING SLIDE

Date:

AIM:
To format the slide contents using bullets and numbering.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: On the slide, select the line of text or table where you want to add bullets or
numbering.
Step 2: On the HOME tab, in paragraph group, click bullets and numbering.
Step 3: To change all lines of text, select the outline of the text object, and then apply
the bullets or numbering.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, formatting the slide content using the bullets and numbering was implemented
and the output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.3 FORMATTING IMAGES, SMARTART, TABLES AND CHARTS

Date:

AIM:
To insert and format images, smart art, tables and charts in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:
1. IMAGES:
Step 1: Select the picture.
Step 2: Select the Tools>Format and select Correlation.
Step 3: Hover over the options to preview them and select the one you want.

2. SMARTART:
Step 1: Select the Smart art.
Step 2: Select Smart art Tools>Design Tab.
Step 3: hover over the layouts to preview them and select the one you want.

3. TABLES:
Step 1: Click the table you want to apply a different table style.
Step 2: Under Table Tools, on the design tab, in Table style group, click Table style.

4. CHARTS:
Step 1: Select the chart element.
Step 2: Right click it.
Step 3: Click format <chart element>.

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OUTPUT:
1. IMAGES:

2. SMARTART AND CHARTS:

3. TABLES:

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RESULT:
Thus, formatting images, smart art, charts and tables was implemented and the output
is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.4 SLIDE MASTER, NOTES AND HANDOUT MASTER

Date:

AIM:
To make use of slide master, notes and handout master.

PROCEDURE:
1. SLIDE MASTER:
Step 1: Click the view tab, Slide master.
Step 2: The slide master view will be opened.

2. NOTES:
Step 1: Click the menu, click Normal.
Step 2: Select the thumbnail of slide you want to add notes to.
Step 3: The notes will appear beneath the slide. Click where you want to add notes.

3. HANDOUT MASTER:
Step 1: On the view tab, in Master view group, click Handout Master.
Step 2: On the page, click in a text placeholder to make your changes.

OUTPUT:
1. SLIDE MASTER AND HANDOUT MASTER:

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2. NOTES:

RESULT:
Thus, working with slide master, notes and hand-out master was implemented and the
output is verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.5 WORKING WITH TRANSITION AND ANIMATION

Date:

AIM:
To work with animation and transition in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:

1. ANIMATION:
Step 1: Select the object where you want to animate.
Step 2: On the animation tab of the ribbon in the animation group, click more button.
Step 3: Select the animation effect you want.

2. TRANSITION:
Step 1: Select the slide you want to add a transition to.
Step 2: Select transitions tab and choose a transition.
Step 3: Select effect options to choose the direction and nature of transition.
Step 4: Select preview to see what transitions looks like.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, working with animation and transition was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.6 ORGANIZE AND GROUP THE SLIDES

Date:

AIM:
To organize and group the slides in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Right-click between slides and select Add Section. An Untitled Section is added
in the thumbnail pane, and the Rename Section dialog box opens.
Step 2: Type a name in the Section name box.
Step 3: Select Rename.
Step 4: To collapse a section, click the triangle next to the section name.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, organizing and grouping the slides was implemented and the output is verified
successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.7 IMPORTING MEDIA OBJECTS

Date:

AIM:
To import media objects such as Audio, video animation in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click in the slide where you want to place the object.
Step 2: On the insert tab, in Text group, click object.
Step 3: Click create from file.
Step 4: In the File box, type the name of the file, or click Browse to select from a list.
Step 5: You can import media objects like audio, video animation by following the
above steps.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, importing media objects in PowerPoint was implemented and the output is
verified successfully.

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Ex. No: 3.8 PERFORMING SLIDE SHOW

Date:

AIM:
To perform slide show and narrate the slide in PowerPoint.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: To start your slide show, on the Slide Show tab, select Play from Beginning.
Step 2: To manage your slide show, go to the controls in the bottom-left corner and do
any of the following:
Go to previous slide.
Go to the next slide.
View all slides.
Turn subtitles.
End slide show.

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, performing slide show in PowerPoint was implemented and output is verified
successfully.

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ALGORITHM AND FLOWCHART DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMPLE

MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS
Ex. No: 4.1 TO FIND THE LARGEST OF THREE NUMBERS
Date:
AIM:
To find the largest of three numbers

Algorithm & Flowchart to find the largest of three numbers

Algorithm

Step-1 Start

Step-2 Read three numbers say A,B,C

Step-3 BIG = A

Step-4 IF B > BIG THEN

BIG = B

ENDIF

Step-5 IF C >BIG THEN

BIG = C

ENDIF

Step-6 Write BIG

Step-7 Stop

RESULT:

This is a complete structured solution using Algorithm and Flowchart for finding the
largest of three numbers.

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Ex. No: 4.2 TO FIND AREA AND PERIMETER OF SQUARE

Date:
AIM:
To find Area and Perimeter of Square

Flowchart to find Area and Perimeter of Square

Algorithm

Step-1 Start

Step-2 Input Side Length of Square say L

Step-3 Area = L x L

Step-4 PERIMETER = 4 x L

Step-5 Display

AREA, PERIMETER

Step-6 Stop

RESULT:
This is a complete structured solution using Algorithm and Flowchart for to finding Area and
Perimeter of Square

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Ex. No: 4.3 TO PRINT MULTIPLICATION TABLE OF A NUMBER

Date:
AIM:
To print multiplication Table of a number

Algorithm & Flowchart to print multiplication Table of a number

Algorithm

➔ Step 1:
Start
➔ Step 2:
Read the number → num
➔ Step 3:
Set i = 1
➔ Step 4:
Repeat while i <= 10
→ product = num × i
→ Print num × i = product
→ Increment i by 1 (i = i + 1)
➔ Step 5:
End

RESULT:
This algorithm & flowchart provides a step-by-step process to print a multiplication table of any
number.

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SCRATCH PROGRAMMING
INTRODUCTION:
 Scratch is a programming language. Programming language is meant that a means of
communicating with the computer, so as to give some instructions for it to perform.
 Programming in Scratch is very easy, including animation and games. It is a very useful tool for
young kids or creators to learn and implement coding logic.
 It was developed by MIT's Media Lab and it is free and can be used online on its, website, or it
can be downloaded to use offline. It is available for operating systems like Windows, iOS,
ChromeOS, Android 6.0+, etc.
SCRIPT
 In Scratch, a script is a set of instructions that are used to create a Scratch program. Or we
can say that it is a stack of blocks that are connected with each other and perform the
specified tasks. Scripts are used to interact with sprites and tell them what to do or say.
 We can create a script in the script area. Here, we drag the blocks from the block palette
and assemble them to create scripts.

Sprite
 There are objects and characters that could be added to a program to perform actions based on
code written in scripts in a project using blocks, these objects and characters are known
as Sprite. You can add a prebuilt sprite or create a new sprite as per your requirement.
 You can find the option to add the sprite in the right bottom corner, second menu from the right
corner. There are many free sprites already available in the store, you can choose any of them
or can paint a new sprite, or upload any other sprite. Below are some of the preloaded sprites
from the scratch,

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Tempo
If you want to attach any instrumental blocks or beats to your scratch project then you need to determine
how fast your note has to play. Whether you want to play the same beat for 60 seconds you want to play
3-4 beats for some time period. This control of the speed of instrumental beats in Scratch is known
as Tempo.

Events
Events in Computer Science refer to the trigger, which makes anything happen when any button is
clicked or any action has happened. In Scratch, events are represented by Yellow color blocks, which
include when the flag is clicked, when the sprite is clicked, when the key is pressed, etc.

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Backdrops
When you program something in Scratch, you have full freedom to use and change the background,
before or during the program. These background effects are known as Backdrops.

Coding Blocks
Coding blocks are some pre-defined or pre-written blocks of code that make writing statements of
code very simple in Scratch. You can use any coding blocks by simply dragging and dropping as per
your requirements. You may also create your custom block if you want. Below are a few of the
coding blocks explained in brief. Besides, there are various other coding blocks available, and also
you and create your blocks too.
 Motion: These are used to move a sprite back and forth or in any direction or rotate them.
 Looks: These are used to change the look of the sprite or replace them with some other sprite
of the same category.
 Sounds: Tempo or Sounds are used to control the sound flow in the program.
 Events: Events handle trigger calls.
 Controls: Conditional operators and loops are all in this category.
 Sensing: Sensing controls how to react whenever the mouse pointer hits the playground and/or
touches the sprite or by the motion of the mouse.
 Operators: These are for the control and flow of arithmetic operations in the program.
 Variables: You can declare the variables, in your program using these blocks.
 My Blocks: You can create your custom blocks from here.

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Loops
Loops in Scratch or any programming language help you execute the same line of code with or without
different values for 'n' a number of times. You can either set the number of times or set a condition to
end the loop. Scratch supports the following loops:
 repeat: This block is used to iterate the given set of instructions 'n' a number of times. Here,
the value of n is a positive number.
 forever: This block is used to execute the given set of instructions infinitely.
 repeat until: This block is used to iterate the given set of instructions until the given condition
is not satisfied.

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Conditions
Conditions in Scratch are implemented using Control blocks. You can use control blocks to check for a
condition and based on if the condition is true or false, the required code/script can be executed. Two of
the most popular control blocks are:
 if-then: In this block, if the given condition is true the code/script present inside this block will
execute. Otherwise, the code/script present inside this block will be ignored.
 if-then-else: In this block, if the given condition is true the code/script present inside this block
will execute. Otherwise, the code/script present inside the else block will execute.

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Ex. No: 5.1 CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL BLOCK FOR SIMPLE

MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS
DATE: ADDS TWO NUMBERS

AIM
To create a functional block in Scratch Programming Language that adds two numbers and
displays the result.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1:Start
Step 2: Input two numbers → num1 and num2
Step 3:Create a functional block named Add Two Numbers that performs the operation:
sum = num1 + num2
Step 4:Call the functional block with the two input numbers.
Step 5:Display the result (sum).
Step 6:End
PROGRAM DESIGN (Using Scratch Blocks)
➔ 1. Create a Custom Block:
 Go to “My Blocks” category → Click “Make a Block”
 Name the block: Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)

2.Inside the Custom Block:

 Define Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)
 Set [sum v] to (num1 + num2)
 Say (join "The sum is: " sum)

3. Main Program Flow

When green flag clicked
Ask "Enter first number:" and wait
Set [num1 v] to (answer)

Ask "Enter second number:" and wait

Set [num2 v] to (answer)

Call Add Two Numbers (num1) (num2)

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus, the functional block in Scratch Programming Language to add two numbers and
display the result created successfully.

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Ex. No: 5.2 DRAWING AND PAINTING OPERATIONS

DATE: BASIC DRAWING (LINES, CIRCLE)

AIM:
To create a simple Scratch program that demonstrates basic drawing (lines, shapes) and painting
(filling with colors) using the Scratch Pen extension.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1:Start the program.
Step 2:Select a Sprite (e.g., the default Cat sprite or a pen sprite).
Step 3: Enable Pen Extension
1. Click on Extensions → Add the Pen Extension (this allows drawing).
Step 4 :Drawing a Shape (e.g., Square)
1. Clear the screen → clear block.
2. Put the pen down → pen down.
3. Set the pen color and size → set pen color to [color], set pen size to [size].
4. Repeat 4 times:
→ Move forward by a fixed number of steps (e.g., 100 steps).
→ Turn right by 90 degrees.
Step 5 :Painting Operation,Optionally, use the pen color to simulate filling the shape as the sprite
draws.
Step 6: Finish Drawing .Lift the pen → pen up.
Step 7 :End the program.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:
This algorithm demonstrates the use of Scratch Pen Extension to perform simple drawing and
painting operations.

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Ex. No: 5.3 Scratch Animation for understanding Conditional

and Loop statements
DATE: FISH GAME

AIM
To create a Scratch Animation that demonstrates the use of Conditional Statements (if-else) and
Loops (repeat, forever) in a simple interactive project.
ALGORITHM
1. Start the program when the green flag is clicked.
2. Clear the screen and reset the sprite’s position.
3. Use a forever loop to make the sprite move continuously.
4. Inside the forever loop:
o Move the sprite by 10 steps.
o Use a conditional (if-else statement):
→ If the sprite is touching the edge →
• Say "I hit the edge!" for 2 seconds.
• Turn 180 degrees (change direction).
→ Else → continue moving.
5. Repeat forever.
Scratch Program (Blocks Description)
When green flag clicked
go to x: 0 y: 0
clear
show
forever
move 10 steps
if < touching edge? > then
say "I hit the edge!" for 2 seconds
turn 180 degrees
end
end

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:
This Scratch Animation helps beginners visualize how conditional and loop statements work in a
fun, interactive way.

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Ex. No: 5.4 DRAW ARTISTIC, GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AND

CREATE GAMES.
DATE: 1.SPIRAL GEOMETRIC PATTERN
AIM
To use Scratch Programming to: Draw artistic geometric patterns.
ALGORITHM
1. Start the program.
2. Clear the screen.
3. Set pen size and color.
4. Put the pen down.
5. Repeat many times (e.g., 50):
• Move forward by increasing steps.
• Turn by a small angle (e.g., 15°).
6. Lift the pen.
SCRATCH PROGRAM
When green flag clicked
clear
set pen size to 2
set pen color to [red]
pen down
set steps to 10
repeat 50
move (steps) steps
turn 15 degrees
change steps by 5
end
pen up
OUTPUT:

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RESULT
A colourful spiral pattern is drawn on the Scratch stage.

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Ex. No: 5.5 DRAW ARTISTIC, GEOMETRIC PATTERNS AND

CREATE GAMES.
DATE: 2.CATCH THE FALLING OBJECTS

AIM
To use Scratch Programming to: Create a simple interactive game.
Algorithm
1. Start the program.
2. Display player sprite at the bottom of the screen.
3. Generate falling objects (e.g., apples) at random x positions at the top.
4. Continuously move objects downward.
5. Control the player sprite left and right using arrow keys.
6. If the player touches the falling object:
• Increase score.
• Re-position the object at the top.
7. Display score.

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OUTPUT:

RESULT
An interactive game where the player moves left/right to catch falling objects and the score
increases.

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Ex. No: 5.6 SCRATCH PROGRAMS FOR APPLIED SCIENTIFIC

COMPUTING AND DATA MANIPULATIONS
DATE: CALCULATE MEAN OF A SET OF NUMBERS

AIM:
To Compute the average (mean) of a list of numbers entered by the user.
Algorithm Steps:
1. Ask the user to enter numbers separated by commas.
2. Convert the input into a list.
3. Sum all numbers.
4. Divide by the number of elements.
5. Display the mean.
Scratch Implementation Blocks:
 Use "ask [Enter numbers separated by commas] and wait" block.
 Use "split text by ','" block.
 Loop over the list → convert text to numbers → sum them.
 Calculate mean = sum ÷ count.
 Display the result using "say" block.

OUTPUT:

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RESULT:
This simple program lets users input any sequence of numbers, and it correctly
calculates and displays the mean in an interactive Scratch project.

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