Salt Analysis
BARIUM CHLORIDE
AIM: To analyse for the presence of an anion and cation in the given simple salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TESTS
1. Note the colour of the salt. Colourless Absence of coloured cations
like Cu2+, Co2+, Fe2+ etc.
2. Check solubility of the salt in soluble The salt solution (original
water solution O.S) is prepared in
water.
3. Mix a little of the salt with a few No smell of vinegar Absence of acetate ion.
drops of dil H2SO4 on a watch glass
with the help of a glass rod and note
the odour of the mixture.
IDENTIFICATION TEST FOR ANIONS
1. DILUTE H2SO4 TEST: To the little No characteristic reaction Absence of carbonate and
sulphide
of the salt, dilute H2SO4 is added
and heated(if there is no reaction in
cold)
2. CONC.H2SO4 TEST: To a little of A colouless pungent smelling Presence of Cl-
gas is evolved which turns
the salt, conc.H2SO4 is added and
into dense white fumes when
heated (if there is no reaction in
a glass rod dipped in
cold).
ammonium hydroxide is held
at the mouth of the test
tube.
3. TEST FOR SULPHATE: No characteristic reaction Absence of sulphate ion
To a little of the salt solution, [Link]
is added followed by BaCl2 solution.
4. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE: No characteristic reaction Absence of phosphate ion
To a little of the salt solution add
conc.HNO3, boil, cool and add
ammonium molybdate solution and
warm.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS
[Link] TESTS FOR White ppt is formed which Presence of chloride
CHLORIDE ION: dissolves in excess of confirmed.
a) To a little of the salt solution add ammonium hydroxide.
dil.HNO3 followed by AgNO3
solution.
b) Chromyl Chloride Test: To a little bA yellow coloured solution Presence of chloride
of the salt add equal amount of solid is formed which gives a confirmed.
potassium dichromate and conc. yellow ppt with acetic acid
H2SO4. Heat the contents gently and and lead acetate solution.
pass the red vapours obtained
through a dil. solution of NaOH.
IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS
GROUP ZERO No characteristic reaction. Absence of group zero cation.
To a little of the salt, NaOH is added
and heated.
GROUP I No characteristic reaction. Absence of group I cation
To a little of the salt solution, dil HCl
is added.
GROUP II No characteristic reaction. Absence of group II cations
To a little of the salt solution, dil HCl
is added followed by H2S.
GROUP III No characteristic reaction. Absence of group III cations
To a little of the salt solution, solid
NH4Cl is added followed by excess
of NH4OH solution.
GROUP IV No characteristic reaction. Absence of group IV cations
To a little of the salt solution, solid
NH4Cl is added followed by excess
of NH4OH solution and H2S is
passed.
GROUP V A white ppt Indicates the presence of gp V
To a little of the salt solution, solid cations – Ba2+, Sr2+ or Ca2+
NH4Cl is added followed by excess
of NH4OH solution and (NH4)2CO3
solution
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR GROUP-
V CATIONS
The group V ppt is dissolved in minimum amount of dil acetic acid and divided into 3 parts
To the first part, potassium A yellow ppt is obtained Presence of Ba2+ is confirmed.
chromate solution is added.
FLAME TEST: Pale green flame Presence of Ba2+ is confirmed.
Take a little of the salt is mixed with
Conc. HCl on watch glass using a
glass rod. The mixture is then
introduced to the non luminous
flame
RESULT: The given salt contains Barium as cation and Chloride as anion.
The given salt is Barium chloride( BaCl2)
[Note: Write the chemical equations on the left side page (unruled page) of the lab journal]
Confirmatory test for Chloride ion ( Cl-)
AgNO3 (aq) + Cl- (aq) → AgCl(s) + NO3-(aq)
Confirmatory test for Ba2+
Ba2+ + K2CrO4 →BaCrO4 + 2 K+
