Supernatural > Biological > Psychological

Memtal disorder - personal distress. Violation of social norms. Disability

Developmental Psychopathology - changes in abnormal behavior; to understand what is within the

Psychological Dysfunction - breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

Psychological Disorder - psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or

Clinical Description - unique combination of behavior, thoughts, and feelings that make up aspecific
disorder

Clinical Assessment - systematic evaluation ang measurement of factors presenting a possible

IMPORTANT PEOPLE

PARACELCUS - "Lunacy" gravitaional effect of moon on the body fluids that might be apossible cause of
mental disorder.

FRANZ ANTON MESMER - "Mesmerism", "Animal Magnatism", power of suggestion

JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT - hynosis

JOHN P GREY - father of biological tradition is USA. mental disorder are due to physical causes

PHILIPPE PINEL - humane treatment for patient, mental hygiene movement

DOROTHEA DIX - mental hygiene

BENJAMIN RUSH - mental hygiene movement

EMIL KRAEPELIN - classificatiom of psychopathology

VICTOR MEYER - pioneerd the treatment for people with OCD thru Exposure and Responce Prevention
(ERP)

GALEN - recognized that psychological disorders could have both biological and psychological causes

EMIL KRAEPELIN - father of modern psychology. Biological classification of menta disorder

ROGER SPERRY - split brain surgery

EUGENE BLEUR - introduce the term 'schizophrenia' meaning, splitting of the mind

VIKTOR FRANKL - existenital vacuum (life has lost its meaning) will lead to noogenic neurosis

FRANCIS GALTON - father od psychometrics ang eugenics (good genes)

SOREN KIERKEGAARD - father of existentialist

HNERY MURRAY - psychogeninc needs. Personology

TERMS

Prognosis - anticipated course of disorder

Incidence - how many disorder are diagnosed within the time

Comorbity - presence of second diagnosis

Course - chronic, episodic, time limited

• Chronic course - disorder tend to las a long period of time

• Episodic - disorder will improve w/o treatmemr in a relatively short period

• Insidious - disorser will develop gradually over an extended period

Epidemiology - incidence, distribution, and consequemces of a particular problem

Etiology - the study of the origin

THERAPIST

Behavioral Therapist - associate abnormal behavior to neglectful or abusive parents

Cognitive Therapist - focus on abnormal thought patterns, attitudes and expectations associated w/
abnormal behavior

Sociocuktural theorist - abnormal behavior may be accounted to factors such as ethnicity, gender and
social class.

SUICIDE
Fatalistic - due to pervasive oppression/laging api

Alrtuistic - for the benefit of the society

Egoistic - due to low social interaction. Alone. Aloof

Anomic - due to disappointments or failuresa

INTELIGGENCE

70-130

NEUROTRANSMITTER

Dopamine increases - Schizophrenia

Serotonin & Norepinephrine - decreased = depression, increase = manic

GABA Inhibitory - genralized anxiety disorder

GABA decreases - obsessive compulsive behavior

Gammaaminobutyric acid - depleted / low gama = anxiety

LOBES

TEMPORAL - hearing

PARIETAL - sensation

OCCIPITAL - vision

FRONTAL - reasoning and thinking

CEREBELLUM - controls motor coordination

HIPPOCAMPUS - cente of learning, memory and emotion

HYPOTHALAMUS - thought to be dysregulated in

WERNICKES AREA - understanding speech

BROCA'S AREA - production of speech

Trihotillomania - hair pulling

Excoriation - skin picking

Enuresis - voluntary/involuntary unrinal

Encopresis - voluntary/involuntary defication (poop)

Diogenes syndrome - senile squalor

De clerambault syndrom - erotomanic delusion

Prader Willi syndrome - severe mental retardation

Cotard syndrome - nihilistic delusion (death)

DYSCALCULA - mathematical disorder

DYSGRAPHIA - disorder of written expression

OCD - Obsession, internal, intrusive and recurring thoughts and impulse that are persisten and
uncontrollable; Compulsion, external, behavioral

HYPOCHONDRIASIS (DSM IV-TR) / ILLNESS ANXIETY DISORDER (DSM 5) - unwarranted fears about
serious illness despite the absence of significant somatic symptom

DEPERSONALIZATION - detachment form one's mental processes or body. "Being out of the body"

DREALIZATION - sense of unreality on one's surrounding

NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER - have either known or presumed biological causes

DELIRIUM - cognitive disorder. Can't shift attention to new task. Disorganized thinking w/ incoherent
speech. Misinterpret sensory stimuli

MAJOR/MINOR VASCULAR NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER - due to stroke, coronary arterie disease,

CONDUCT DISORDER - deceitfulness or theft, aggression toward people or animals, destruction of

MEMORY

Alzheimers - a degenerative form of brain disease and not a normal sign of aging

Dementia - deterioration of cognitive abilities. And functioning became impaired.

Dissociative Amnesia - due to traumatic or stressful situation

Dissociative Fugue - new identity

General Amnesia - due to trauma

Retrograde - before (the vow)

Anterograde - after

SLEEP DISORDER

Insomnia

1. Dyssomnia - quality of sleep

2. Parasomnia - abnormal behavior during sleep

Hypersomnolence - overslept yet still feel tired

Narcolepsy - REM stage. Brief loss of muscle tone.

EATING DISORDER

BINGE EATING DISORDER - alarming eating in a short period of time. Binge eating w/o compensatory
behavior

ANOREXIA NERVOSA - restriction of food intake. Very low body weight. Fear of gain weight and
disturbance in one's body image.
BULIMIA NERVOSA - recurrent episode of binge eating, feeling of being out of control.

PERSONALITY DISORDER

CLUSTER A - Odd and Eccentric

Schizoid PD - emotional aloofness

Schizotypal PD - odd, eccentric; worst; pervasisve pattern of social and interpersonal deficits

Paranoid PD - very suspicious

CLUSTER B - Dramatic, Emtional, Erratic

Histrionic PD - overly dramatic and attention seeking behavior

Borderline PD - manipulative; trying to offset the belief that they are evil or tarnished in some way.; self
harm is a way to release underlying mounting pressure

Antisocial PD - conspicouos, deviant behavior (eg cruelty ot animal/people/property destruction)

Narcissistic PD

CLUSTER C - Anxious and fearful

Avoidant PD - fearful of criticism, rejection and approval. Fear of saying something foolish

Dependent PD -

Obsessive-Compulsive PD -

MOOD DISORDER

BIPOLAR I - w/ 1 major depressive episode / 1 full manice episode

BIPOLAR II - w/ hypomanic

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER - 6 months and above

CYCLOTHYMIC - 2 years

DYSTHIMIC - 2 years, persistet depression

HYPOMANIA - 4 days
ANXIETY DISORDER

PANIC DISORDER - at least 6 months

PANIC ATTACK - highthed sense of nervousness, tightness in chest and feel dizzy, difficukty in controlling
rapid breathing, intense need for air

SPECIFIC PHOBIA - fear caused by a specific object or situation

SOCIAL PHOBIA - deep stress in coversation to others or fear of having to interact with other people

POST TRAUMATIC DISORDER (PTSD) - 1 month after the trauma

ACUTE STRESS DISORDER - < 1 month after the trauma

SEXUAL DISORDER - 6 months w/ atleast 2 of the ffl.

Vaginismus - spasms. Involuntary constriction of muscles

Priapism - prolong erection of penis

Dyspareunia - painful sexual intercourse

Male hypoactive sexual disorder - absence of male sexual fantasies and desires.

Premature ejaculation - 75% of sexual occasion for 6 months; tendency to ejaculate during partnered
sexual activity within 1 minute of sexual activity

Hybristophilia - commit crimes to achieve sexual gratification

Hypoxyphilia - oxygen deprivation to achieve sexual gratification

Coprophilia - use of feces to achieve sexual gratification

Plushophilia - use of stuff toy to achieve sexual gratification

Klismaphilia - use of tube to achieve sexual gratification

PHOBIAS

IATROPHOBIA - fear of doctorr

TRYPANOPHOBIA - fear of injections

HEMOPHOBIA - fear of blood

NOCTOPHOBIA/NICTOPHOBIA - fear of night/dark places

NEPHOPHOPHOBIA - fear of clouds

ACROPHOBIA - unrealistic fear of height

TREATMENT

Systematic disensitization & flooding - for phobia

Exposure In Vivo - for obsessive compulsive

Exposure and response prevention - Victor meyer for people w/ OCD

Catharsis - recalling and relieving emotional trauma that has been made unconscious and to release the
accompanying tension.

DRUGS

Halucinogenic - alter mental and emotional perception. Cannabis

Caffeine - most common substance available in any drinks

Amphetamines - high doses can cause delusions, hallucinations and insomnia; can produce psychotic
symptoms that can last and recur even months and years after drug use is ended.

Simulant - cocaine, amphetamine

Lithium - medicine for depression.

Depressants - downer. Decrease CNS and reduce physical arousala and make us relax. alcoholic
substance

Opiods - can help relieve pain and induce sleep

Trisonomy 21 - mental retrrdation/ intellectual developmental disorder

GROUP EXPERIMENT
Placebo Effect - expectation changed behavior

Flustro Effect - when a group doesn't receive any treatment

Allegiance Effect - experimenter doesn't work hard

Order Effect - the sequence of the treatmemt affect the next one.

DIATHESIS - STRESS MODEL - biological and environmental factors interact to determine the likelihood
that a person will exhibit a abnormal behavior

DIATHESIS - a distal necessary or contributory cause of mental disorder

POSTTRAUMATIC MODEL - Proposes that people uses dissociatipn to cope w/ trauma and seen as the
causing factor to develop alters after trauma