LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

(INTER-AGENCY) ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATION

• Hierarchy
LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION – A hierarchy represents the formal
- The process involved in ensuring strict compliance, relationship among superiors and
proper obedience of laws and related statutes subordinates in any given organization.
• Specialization
LAW - is a system of rules and regulations established by a – Specialization is the assignment of
governing authority to regulate behavior, maintain order, and workers to particular tasks. Thus, it can be
ensure justice within a society. thought of in terms of either jobs or people.
•
ENFORCEMENT - refers to the act of ensuring compliance • UNITY OF COMMAND
with laws, rules, policies, or agreements by applying – Only be ONE MAN commanding the
authority, regulations, or penalties unit to ensure uniformity in the execution
of orders
ADMINISTRATION - refers to the process of managing • SPAN OF CONTROL
and organizing resources, people, and operations to achieve – the maximum number of subordinates
a specific goal efficiently that a superior can effectively supervise
• DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
INTER-AGENCY APPROACH – the assignment of task, duties and
The inter-agency approach, sometimes referred to responsibility to subordinates
as the multi-agency or cross-agency approach, is a • COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
cooperative strategy in which various departments or – immediate commanders shall be
organizations cooperate to accomplish a common goal. – responsible for the effective supervision
and control of their personnel and unit
POLICE • CHAIN OF COMMAND
- The police are a law enforcement agency responsible for – the arrangement of officers from top to
maintaining public order, enforcing laws, preventing crime, bottom on the
and ensuring the safety of citizens. – basis of rank or position and authority

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE” ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

• GREEK - POLIS § LINE
“city or state” o The oldest and simplest kind; also called
• GREEK - POLITEIA military type
“government of the city” o clear chain of command from the highest
• ROMAN - POLITIA to the lowest and vice versa
“condition of the state or government” § FUNCTIONAL
o structure according to functions and
“POLICE” specialized units responsibilities are
FRENCH divided among authorities
- “person who enforced the law” § LINE AND STAFF
- later adopted by the English Language. o a combination of the line and functional
kind
“PULIS” ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS
- Filipino translation (Timpac, 2013). Primary or Line Functions
o The “backbone” of the police department;
ORGANIZATION ü Patrol
Group of persons working together for a common ü Investigation
goal or objectives. ü Traffic control
Staff Functions
Organization - group of formal or informal o Designed to support and assist in the
§ Formal – structured performance of the line functions.
§ Informal – non structured Auxiliary Functions
§ Goals are broad statements of general and long- o functions involve the logistical operations
term organizational purposes. of the organization.
§ Objectives are specific short-term statements
consistent with an organization’s goal. FUNCTIONAL UNITS IN A POLICE
ORGANIZATION
POLICE ORGANIZATION ü Bureau – largest organic functional unit within a
§ Group of trained personnel in the field of public safety large department.
administration ü Division – primary subdivision of a bureau.

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 ü Section – functional unit within a particular o the officer who has the more senior
division that is necessary for specialization. rank/higher rank in a team or group.
ü Units – functional group within a section where • Absence without official leave (AWOL) - "Any
further specialization is needed. member or officer of the PNP who shall go on
absence without official leave (AWOL) for a
THE PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION continuous period of thirty (30) days or more shall
Principle of Unity of Objectives – an organization be dismissed immediately from the service.
is effective if it enables the individuals to contribute • On Duty – the period when an officer is actively
to the organization’s objectives. engaged in the performance of his duty
• Length of Service – the period of time has elapsed
Principle of Organizational Efficiency – since the oath of office was administered
organization structure is effective if it is structured
in such a way to aid the accomplishment of the FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
organization’s objectives with a minimum cost. HOME RULE THEORY
Principle of Balance – states that the application of - Police are regarded as servants of the community
principles must be balanced to ensure the who rely for the efficiency of functions upon the
effectiveness of the structure in meeting express needs of the people.
organization’s objectives.
NOTE:
Principle of Parity and Responsibility – explains § Under HOME RULE THEORY Police are civil
that responsibility for action cannot be greater than servants whose key duty is the preservation of
that implied by the authority delegated nor should it public peace and security
be less. § Existing in US, England and PHILIPPINES.

Principle of Delegation by Results – states that CONTINENTAL THEORY

authority delegated should be adequate to ensure the - Police are regarded as servants of the higher
ability to accomplish expected results. authorities.
NOTE:
Authority Level Principle – implies that decisions • Under CONTINENTAL THEORY the people have
within the authority of the individual commander no share or have little participation with the duties
should be made by them and not be returned upward nor connection with the police organization.
in the organizational structure. • Existing in France, Italy and Spain
Principle of Flexibility – means that the more
flexible the organization, the more it can fulfill its
purpose. POLICE EFFECTIVENESS
– which measures whether or not important
Exception Principle - The development of the task goals are being attained
subordinates to take over in the boss’ absence
involves training, just as does the exception POLICE EFFICIENCY
principle, which specifies that the head of an – which measures how well resources are
organization should not find it necessary to act being utilized.
personally on each matter coming under his general
jurisdiction. CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE
Scalar Principle – shows the vertical hierarchy of § Old Concept - high number of arrests is the
the organization which defines an unbroken chain yardstick of police effectiveness and efficiency
of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the § Modern Concept - absence of crime is the
flow of authority. yardstick of police effectiveness and efficiency
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES THE METROPOLITAN POLICE
• POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY - The inherent (1829)
responsibility of the police organization to be
answerable for the misconducts committed by its Sir Robert Peel
members. - A British statesman
§ Sworn Officers – Metropolitan Police Act on June 19, 1829 established
o who have oath and who possess the power London Metropolitan Police
to arrest.
§ Superior Officer – “The Father of Modern Policing System.”
o one having supervisory responsibilities • ROBERT PEEL in 1829 established the LONDON
§ Commanding Officer – METROPOLITAN POLICE,
o an officer who is in command of the • 1st modern organized police force.
department • It was later called SCOTLAND YARD.
§ Ranking Officer –
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 PRINCIPLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT BY • amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551
ROBERT PEEL • approved on August 12, 2009
• Prevention of crime is the basic police mission
• Police must have full respect of the people HIGHLIGHS OF RA 6975, AS AMENDED BY RA 8551,
• A citizen’s respect for the law develops the respect AS FURTHR AMENDED BY RA 9708
for the police Department of the Interior and Local Government
• Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of • The Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries,
force increases One (1) for local government and
• Police must render impartial enforcement of the law One (1) for peace and order.
• Physical force is used only as a last resort • No retired or resigned military officer or police official may
• Police are the public and the public are the police be appointed as Secretary within 1 year from the date of hi
• Police represents the law retirement or resignation.
• Absence of crime is test of police efficiency

AUGUST VOLLMER (BOARD QUESTION)

“Father of Modern Law Enforcement” RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE
‘’Father of Police Professionalism’’ DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
“Police officers needed professional training academy” • RA 6975
• (AFP) was in charge with external
RA 4864 security
• (Police Professionalization Act of 1966) • DILG was in charge with internal security
• Approved on August 8, 1966; • RA 8551
• Police Commission (POLCOM) • AFP is now in charge with both internal
and external security
1972 – The POLCOM was reorganized as the National • PNP as support through information
Police Commission. gathering and performance of ordinary
police functions
MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
PD 765 (Integration Act of 1975) ROLE OF THE PNP IN COUNTER-INSURGENCY
- enacted on August 8, 1975; FUNCTIONS (RA 8551)
• Integrated National Police (INP) • PNP shall, through information gathering and
• Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the performance of its ordinary police functions,
nucleus support the Armed Forces of the Philippines on
• Integrated local police forces as matters involving suppression of insurgency
components • except in cases where the President shall call on the
PNP to support the AFP in combat operations.

The National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)

(Board Question)
RA 8551 SEC.4
• An agency attached to the Department for policy
and program coordination.
• shall exercise administrative control and
operational supervision over the PNP
RA 8551 • DILG Sec. shall be the ex-officio Chairperson
Philippine National Police
Reform and Reorganization COMPOSITION
Act of 1998, • consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular
- enacted on February Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex officio
25, 1998 member
• shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without
reappointment or extension
• three of the four regular commissioners shall
RA 9708 come from civilian sector and not former members
AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE of the police or military
REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING • the fourth regular commissioner shall come from
WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL the law enforcement sector either active or retired.
QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE • at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND shall be a woman
ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM

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 • from among the three regular commissioners from • Local police officers are operationally controlled
the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be by city/municipal mayors.
chosen. • (Art. 16, Sec. 6, 1987 Philippine Constitution)
• it is an organization that is national in
NOTE: scope and civilian in character
• In case of absence due to the temporary incapacity
of the chairperson, the Vice chair shall serve as NOTE:
Chairperson until the Chairperson is present or (RA 8551) Section 2. Declaration of Policy and Principles
regains capacity to serve. - It is hereby declared the policy of the State to
• In case of death or permanent incapacity or establish a highly efficient and competent police
disqualification of the chairperson, the acting force which is national in scope and civilian in
chairperson shall also act as such until a new character administered and controlled by a national
chairperson shall have been appointed by the police commission.
President and qualified." • PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted
by two (2) deputy chief, one (1) for operations and one
Qualification of a Regular Commissioner of (1) for administration
NAPOLCOM • March 31, 1991 – Gen. Cesar P. Nazareno appointed
• Citizens of the Philippines as the first Chief of the PNP
• Lawyers with at least 5 years’ experience in
handling human rights cases NOTE:
• Holder of Master’s Degree in Public In no case shall any officer who has retired or is retirable
Administration, Sociology, Criminology, Criminal within six (6) months from his compulsory retirement age be
Justice, Law Enforcement and other related appointed as Chief of the PNP
disciplines
CHIEF OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
NOTE: • Police General, a four star general police officer.
• The regular member coming from the law • The term of office of PNP Chief cannot exceed four (4)
enforcement sector should have practical years.
experience in law enforcement work for at least five - An exception can be made by the President to extend the PNP
(5) years chief's term "in times of war or other national emergency
• while the three (3) other regular commissioners declared by Congress". (Sec. 26, RA 6975)
must have done extensive research work or projects
on law enforcement, criminology or criminal justice
or members of a duly registered non-government
organization involved in the promotion of peace and
order."

• The NAPOLCOM shall administer the entrance and

promotional examinations of police officers on the
basis of standard set by the commission.
• Police entrance examination – taken by
applicants of PNP
• Police promotional examination – taken
by in service police officers

DISCIPLINARY APPELLATE BOARDS

National Regional Appellate Board
Appellate Board
PNP chief, other than the PNP chief, the mayor,
National IAS and the People's Law Enforcement
Board (PLEB).
GROUNDS FOR APPEAL TO NAB AND RAB
• New material evidence has been discovered
• Errors of law or irregularities have been committed
by the disciplinary authority
• Findings of fact of the disciplinary body are not
commensurate to the offense committed

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

• The agency is administered and controlled by the
NAPOLCOM and is part of the (DILG).
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 § Provincial Director – Police Colonel
§ Chief of Police – Police Major

Time-in-Grade (TIG)
- refers to the minimum period required before a third
level PCO becomes eligible to be promoted to the
next higher rank

• PO1 – PO2 = 2 YEARS ( Pat – PCpl )

• PO2 – PO3 = 2 YEARS ( PCpl – PSSg )
• PO3 – SPO1 = 3 YEARS ( PSSg – PMSg )
• SPO1 – SPO2 = 2 YEARS ( PMSg – PSMS )
• SPO2 – SPO3 = 2 YEARS ( PSMS – PCMS )
• SPO3 – SPO4 = 2 YEARS ( PCMS – PEMS )
• SPO4 – INSPECTOR = 3 YEARS ( PEMS – PLT
)
• INSPECTOR – SENIOR INSPECTOR = 3
YEARS ( PLT – PCPT )
• SENIOR INSPECTOR – CHIEF INSPECTOR
= 3 YEARS ( PCPT – PMAJ )
• CHIEF INSPECTOR – SUPERINTENDENT =
3 YEARS ( PMAJ – PLTCOL )
• SUPERINTENDENT – SENIOR
SUPERINTENDENT = 3 YEARS ( PLTCOL –
PCOL )
• SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT – CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT = 2 YEARS ( PCOL –
PBGEN )
• POLICE DIRECTOR, DEPUTY DIRECTOR,
DIRECTOR GENERAL = CHIEF
SUPERINTENDENT ( POLICE BRIGADIER
GENERAL )

NATIONAL OPERATIONS SUPPORT UNITS

([Link]/organizational-structure)
• Maritime Group
• Intelligence Group
• Criminal Investigation and Detection Group
• Special Action Force
• Aviation Security Group
• Anti Kidnaping Group
• Highway Patrol Group
Time-in-Position (TIP) • Civil Security Group
- refers to the minimum period required for a PCO to • Integrity Monitoring & Enforcement Group
occupy a key position before the PCO becomes • Police Community Relations Group
qualified to apply for and occupy another higher key • Police Security and Protection Group
position. • Drug Enforcement Group
• Forensic Group (Crime Laboratory)
KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING • Explosive Ordinance Disposal and Canine
RANKS IN THE PNP Group
§ Chief PNP – POLICE GENERAL • Anti-Cybercrime Group
§ Police Lieutenant General ranks
§ Deputy Chief for Administration (2nd in NOTE:
Command) The HEADS of the ADMINISTRATIVE and
§ Deputy Chief for Operations (3rd in OPERATIONAL support divisions shall have the rank of
Command) CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT (now Brigadier General).
§ Chief of the Directorial Staff (4th in
Command) POLICE RECRUITMENT
§ NCR Director – Police Major General Process of encouraging police applicant from outside an
§ Regional Director – Police Brigadier General organization to seek employment in an organization.
§ NCR District Director – Police Brigadier
General Bases of Recruitment Quota for Patrolman/Patrolwoman
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 • Regular Quota – refers to newly approved quota
for recruitment. PROMOTION
• Attrition Quota – refers to the number of vacant • Institution of a criminal action or complaint against
positions a police officer shall not be a bar to promotion.
• If has probable cause, ineligible for promotion,
POLICE SELECTIONS (Screening) • but after 2 years, the case remain unsolved, the
- is the process of determining the most qualified applicant shall be considered for promotion.
police applicant for a given position in the police • If found guilty, promotion shall be recalled without
organization.
• If the complaint is a violation of human rights,
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT • punishable by reclusion perpetua or life
(RA 8551) imprisonment, and the evidence of guilt is stron
ü A citizen of the Philippines; • completely ineligible for promotion.
ü A person of good moral conduct;
ü Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENTS TO THE
drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP
PNP or by any NAPOLCOM accredited • RA 8551 Sec. 15
government hospital for the purpose of determining – Age, height, weight, and educational
physical and mental health; requirements for initial appointment to the
ü Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a PNP may be waived only when the number
recognized institution of learning; of qualified applicants fall below the
ü Must be eligible in accordance with the standards minimum annual quota:
set by the Commission; – NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM
ü Must not have been dishonorably discharged from CIRCULAR NO. 2013-00
military employment or dismissed for cause from – The age, height and weight for initial
any civilian position in the Government; appointment to the PNP may be waived
ü Must not have been convicted by final judgment of only when the number of qualified
an offense or crime involving moral turpitude; applicants falls below the approved
ü Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5 national/regional quota.
kgs.) from the standard weight corresponding to his
or her height, age, and sex. • Age waiver
– Applicant shall not be below twenty (20)
TYPES OF TRAINING nor over thirty-five (35) years of age.
• Recruit Training • Height waiver (NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION
o The Public Safety Basic Recruit Course 2021-0719)
(PSBRC) which has a duration of six (6) – 5 feet (152.4cm) for male
months is intended to the newly-hired – 4 feet and 9 inches (145cm) for female
police officers • Weight waiver
– Applicant not meeting the weight
• Field Training Exercise (FTX) requirement shall be given reasonable time
o Also known as On-the-Job training (OJT) – not exceeding six (6) months within which
o They are assigned in actual patrol, traffic to comply with the said requirement.
and investigation works for another six (6)
months.
Factors to be Considered in the Grant of Waivers to
STATUS OF PNP APPOINTMENT Applicant
Temporary If the applicant passes through the waiver • Possession of special skills in evidence gathering
program as provided in under RA 8551 and safekeeping, cyber crime investigation,
A newly recruited PO1 detection and prevention.
(Patrolman/Patrolwoman) shall be • Special talents in the field of sports, music or arts
appointed in temporary status in twelve and culture.
(12) months pending compliance with • Extensive experience or training in forensic science
(FTP) (NAPOLCOM Memorandum and other legal, medical and technical service.
Circular No. 2007-009) • Outstanding academic records and extracurricular
Permanent If the applicant able to finish the required activities of applicant.
field training program for pemanency.
NOTE:
RANK APPOINTING AUTHORITY ü Any PNP uniformed personnel who are admitted
Pat-PEMS Regional Director due to the waiver shall be issued a temporary
PLt-PLtCol Chief PNP appointment
PCol-PltGen President
Police General President
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 ü PNP member who shall be dismissed under a waiver Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA)
program shall be eligible to re-apply for National Fire Training Institute (NFTI)
appointment National Jail Management and Penology Training
Institute (NJMPTI)
LATERAL ENTRY IN PNP National Forensic Science Training Institute (NFSTI)
• In general, all original appointments of
commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence R.A. 11279 (April 12 2019)
with the rank of Police Lieutenant • AN ACT TRANSFERRING
• Doctors of medicine, members of the Bar, and – PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of Police ACADEMY (PNPA) AND THE
Captain – NATIONAL POLICE TRAINING
• Registered Criminologists may be appointed to the INSTITUTE (NPTI)
rank of inspector (Police Lieutenant) to fill up any • FROM THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY
vacancy after promotions from the ranks are COLLEGE (PPSC) TO THE PHILIPPINE
completed. (Note: RA11131) NATIONAL POLICE (PNP).

Creation of Women’s Desk in all Police Stations and the Philippine Public Safety Academy
Formulation of a Gender Sensitivity Based Program • created by signing Department Circular No. 2022-
- administer and attend to 009
cases involving against • PPSA, is a public safety school whose graduates
chastity, sexual are assigned as officers of the Bureau of Jail
harassment, abuses Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Bureau
committed against of Fire Protection (BFP).
women and children
and other similar offenses ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERY
(RA 8551)
Prioritization of Women for Recruitment Citizen's Complaints. – Any complaint by a
- The PNP shall reserve ten percent (10%) of its annual natural or juridical person against any member of
recruitment, training, and education quota for women the PNP shall be brought before the following:
§ Chiefs of Police - not exceeding fifteen (15) days
Gender Sensitivity Program § Mayor - (16) days but not exceeding thirty (30)
- the establishment of equal opportunities for women in the days
PNP § People's Law Enforcement Board - exceeding
thirty (30) days; or by dismissal.
Administrative Liability
- suspended without pay for not less than thirty (30) days and BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE
shall undergo gender sensitivity seminar or training • Chiefs of police - not exceed fifteen (15) days
• Provincial directors - not exceed thirty (30) days
• Regional directors - not exceed sixty (60) days
• Chief of the PNP - not exceeding one hundred
eighty (180) days

ATTRITION SYSTEM FOR UNIFORMED

PERSONNEL
ATTRITION BY ATTAINMENT OF
MAXIMUM TENURE
– Chief – 4 years
– Deputy Chief – 4 years
Philippine National Police Academy – Director of the Staff Service – 4 years
• Created pursuant to sec. 13 of PD 1184 – Regional Directors – 6 years
• Primary component of PPSC – Provincial/City Directors – 9 years
• Upon graduates, they will conferred of Bachelor of
Science in Public Safety NOTA BENE:
• Rank of PNPA cadet is higher than SPO4 (Police • Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has
Executive Master Sergeant) but lower than less than one (1) year of service before reaching the
Inspector (Police Lieutenant) compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a
higher rank or appointed to any other position.
Philippine Public Safety College
The Philippine Public Safety College System is the ATTRITION
umbrella organization that comprises the Retired – if he or she has rendered at least twenty (20) years
National Police Training Institute (NPTI) of service.
National Police College (NPC)
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Separated – if he or she has rendered less than twenty (20)
years of service. PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL EXECUTIVES IN THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE PNP AS AMENDED BY
SUMMARY DISMISSAL RA 8551
NAPOLCOM, C/PNP, RD • Provincial Governor
• When the charge is serious and the evidence of guilt ü Power to Choose the Provincial Director (3
is strong. eligible)
• When the respondent is a recidivist or has been • Mayor
repeatedly charged. ü Power to Choose the Chief of Police (5
• When the respondent is guilty of a serious offense eligible)
involving conduct unbecoming of a police officer. ü Operational Supervision and Control
(except 30 days before and after election)
PEOPLE’S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) NOTE:
• Central receiving entity for any citizen's complaint. PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• 1 PLEB for every 500 police EXECUTIVES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PNP
• Case shall be decided within sixty (60) days • RA 8551 Sec 62. - "It shall also include the power
• Demotion or dismissal may be appealed by either to direct the employment and deployment of units
party with the regional appellate board within ten (10) or elements of the PNP,
days from receipt
DEPLOYMENT
Refers to the orderly organized and physical movement of
elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or
municipality for purposes of employment.

EMPLOYMENT
Refers to utilization of units or elements of the PNP for
purposes of protection of lives and properties, enforcement
of laws, maintenance of peace and order, prevention of
crimes.

OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE

INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE PHILIPPINES
(RA 8551) National Bureau of Investigation
• Pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP • responsible for handling and solving major high
personnel and units; profile cases that are in the interest of the nation.
• Investigate complaints and gather evidence in • under the Department of Justice
support of an open investigation; • The agency is headed by Director who is a
• Conduct summary hearings on PNP members Presidential appointee and serves under the trust
facing administrative charges; and confidence of the President and the Secretary of
• File appropriate criminal cases against PNP Justice (SOJ).
members before the court as evidence warrants and
assist in the prosecution of the case; Ex-police sniper turned judge Jaime Santiago is new NBI
• Provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman director.
in cases involving the personnel of the PNP. • Santiago became part and eventually named the
Deputy Chief of the elite Special Weapons and
Organization of the IAS Tactics team of the Manila Police Department.
• The HEAD OF THE INSPECTORATE • His autobiography was made into a movie titled
DIVISION with the rank of CHIEF “SPO4 Santiago Sharpshooter,” portrayed by
SUPERINTENDENT (now Brigadier General) Senator Ramon “Bong” Revilla Jr.
shall assume the position title of Inspector
General. HISTORY
• C.A. 181(November 13, 1936)
CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND INCENTIVES – Division of Investigation under the
• IAS personnel shall be granted occupational Department of Justice is hereby created
specialty pay which shall not exceed 50% of his • R.A. 157 (June 19, 1947)
base pay. – created a Bureau of Investigation under the
• Five (5) years experience Department of Justice
• Any personnel who joins the IAS may not thereafter • E.O. 94 (October 4, 1949)
join any other unit of the PNP – change the name from BI to the National
• A complaint against any personnel or office of IAS Bureau of Investigation.
shall be brought to the Inspector General's Office or
to the Commission as may be appropriate.

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 • The DI was the brainchild of Commonwealth • Killings of justices and judges;
President Manuel L. Quezon and the then– • Violation of Republic Act No. 10175, otherwise
• Secretary of Justice José Yulo. known as the "Cybercrime Prevention Act”.
• A veteran American police officer, Capt. Thomas • Identification of the dead/victims in case of mass
Dugan of the New York Police Department fatality incidents caused by natural disasters.
(NYPD), and the
• only Filipino member of the United States Federal Provided, however
Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Flaviano Guerrero, • That the President or the Secretary of Justice may
were hired by the Philippine government to direct the NBI to undertake the investigation of any
organize the Division of Investigation of the crime when public interest so requires.
Department of Justice
NBI Academy
NOTE: • Establish an NBI Academy which shall be
• The main objective of the NBI is the establishment responsible for the recruitment, training, and
and maintenance of a modern, effective and development of all NBI agents and personnel,
efficient investigative service and research agency among others;
for the purpose of implementing fully principal
functions as provided by RA 157 NOTE:
The NBI is widely regarded as the most credible and
NBI Principal Functions effective investigative agency in the Philippines.
• To undertake investigations of crimes and other
offenses against the laws of the Philippines, upon its • Filipino Citizen
own initiative and as public interest may require; • Of good moral character
• To render assistance, whenever properly requested • Member of Philippine Bar or holder of
in the investigation or detection of crimes and other Baccalaureate degree who passed the government
offenses; licensure examination
• To act a national clearing house of criminal and • Between 25-35 y/o; 5’5” in male, 5’3” in female
other informations for the benefit and use of all • GWA of 85% in transcript of record
prosecuting and law-enforcement entities of the NBI AGENT QUALIFICATIONS
Philippines, • Filipino Citizen
o identification records of all persons • Of good moral character
without criminal convictions, records of • Member of Philippine Bar or holder of
identifying marks, characteristics, and Baccalaureate degree who passed the government
ownership or possession of all firearms as licensure examination
well as of test bullets fired therefrom; • Between 25-35 y/o; 5’5” in male, 5’3” in female
• To give technical aid to all prosecuting and law- • GWA of 85% in transcript of record
enforcement officers and entities of the Government Dangerous Drug Board
as well as the courts that may request its services; • The DDB is the policy-making body and strategy-
• To extend its services, whenever properly requested making body in the planning and formulation of
in the investigation of cases of administrative or policies and programs on drug prevention and
civil nature in which the Government is interested; control. (under the Office of the President) (sec. 77,
• To undertake the instruction and training of a Art IX)
representative number of city and municipal peace Composition:
officers at the request of their respective superiors • 17 members (3 as permanent, 12 as ex-officio, 2
along effective methods of crime investigation and regular members) (sec. 78, Art IX)
detection in order to insure greater efficiency in the • 3 permanent members: to be appointed by the
discharge of their duties; President, one to be the Chairman.
• To establish and maintain an up-to-date scientific • 12 ex officio members:
crime laboratory and to conduct researches in • Secretary of DOJ, DOH, DND, DOF, DOLE, DILG,
furtherance of scientific knowledge in criminal DSWD, DFA, and DepEd, Chairman of CHED,
investigation; NYC, and the [Link] of PDEA.
• To perform such other related functions as the • 2 regular members: President of the IBP, and the
Secretary of Justice may assign from time to time. Pres/Chaiman of an NGO involved in a dangerous
drug campaign to be appointed by the President.
RA. 10867
"Reorganizing and Modernizing the National NOTE: (3) permanent members)
Bureau of Investigation (NBI) 2016” • President shall designate a
• Human Trafficking cases in all airports in the – Chairman, rank of a secretary – serve for
Philippines six (6) years
• Extrajudicial/Extra-legal killings committed by the – Of the two (2) other members,
state's security forces against media practitioners
and activists;
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 – rank of undersecretary, one (1) shall serve packages, parcels and mails in the central post
for four (4) years and the other for two (2) office, which appear from the package and address
years itself to be a possible importation of dangerous
• Thereafter, the persons appointed to succeed such drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential
members shall hold office for a term of six (6) years chemicals, through on-line or cyber shops via the
and until their successors shall have been duly internet or cyberspace;
appointed and qualified. (sec. 78 RA 9165) • Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence
system in cooperation with law enforcement
NOTE: agencies, other government agencies/offices and
• The Director of the NBI and the Chief of the PNP local government units that will assist in its
shall be the permanent consultants of the Board, and apprehension of big-time drug lords;
shall attend all the meetings of the Board.
PDEA Academy
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency - temporarily located at Camp General Mariano N. Castañeda
in Silang, Cavite.
The PDEA shall be headed The PDEA Academy shall be responsible in the recruitment
by a Director General with and training of all PDEA agents and personnel.
the rank of Undersecretary, NOTE:
who shall be responsible for • The Academy shall be headed by a Superintendent,
the general administration with the rank of Director.
and management of the • He/she shall be appointed by the PDEA Director
Agency. General.
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
• As the lead Agency in the enforcement of anti- Philippine Coast Guard
drug law, the PDEA’s mission are: • RA 9993 (PCG Law of 2009)
– Suppresses the supply of dangerous drugs; • tasked primarily with enforcing laws within
– Implements Dangerous Drugs Board Philippine waters,
policies; – conducting maritime security
– Controls and regulates the legitimate use operations,
of dangerous drugs and controlled – safeguarding life and property at
precursors and essential chemicals; sea, and
– Supervises the anti-drug activities of other – protecting marine environment and
drug law enforcement agencies; resources.
– Coordinates the participation of all
stakeholders in the anti-drug campaign. NOTE:
PCG established as an armed and uniformed service attached
• It is the implementing arm of the DDB and to the Department of Transportation and Communications-
responsible for the efficient and effective law DOTC (Now Department of Transportation DOTr):
enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous – Provided, that in times of war, as declared
drugs and/ or precursors and essential chemicals. by Congress, the PCG or parts thereof,
• Head: Director General appointed by the shall be attached to the Department of
President National Defense. (Sec.2 RA 9993)
Some of the Powers and Duties of the PDEA Philippine Coast Guard
• Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators • PCG shall be headed by a Commandant who shall
and seize or confiscate, the effects or proceeds of carry the rank of Coast Guard Admiral,
the crimes as provided by law and take custody • Commander shall have a maximum term of three (3)
thereof, for this purpose the prosecutors and years.
enforcement agents are authorized to possess
firearms, in accordance with existing laws; NOTE:
• Take charge and have custody of all dangerous • PCG Commandant directly reports to the Secretary
drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential of Transportation in maritime law enforcement, and
chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to any also reports to the Secretary of National Defense in
national, provincial or local law enforcement wartime
agency, if no longer needed for purposes of
evidence in court;
• Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or Some of the Powers and Duties of the PCG
illegal growth of plants from which dangerous • To inspections on all merchant ships and vessels,
drugs may be extracted; including but shall not be limited to inspections
• Monitor and if warranted by circumstances, in prior to departure, to ensure and enforce compliance
coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and with safety standards, rules and regulations.
the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo
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 • To detain, stop or prevent a ship or vessel which “By 2028, PCG is a world class guardian of the sea
does not comply with safety standards, rules and committed to save lives, ensure safe maritime transport,
regulations from sailing or leaving port; cleaner seas, and secure maritime jurisdiction.”
• To conduct emergency readiness evaluation on
merchant marine vessels; Mission
• To coordinate, develop, establish, maintain and “We are a uniformed armed service that implements and
operate aids to navigation, vessel traffic system, enforces all national and international maritime safety,
maritime communications and search and rescue security, search and rescue, and marine environmental
facilities within the maritime jurisdiction of the protection laws in support of the integrated Maritime
Philippines; Transportation Network objectives, national security and
• To remove, destroy or low to port, sunken or economic development of the Philippines.”
floating hazards to navigation, including illegal fish
and vessels, at or close to sea lanes which may cause Land Transportation Office
hazards to the marine environment;
• To render aid to persons and vessels in distress and • agency of the Philippine government under the
conduct search rescue in marine accidents within Department of Transportation
the maritime jurisdiction of the Philippines,
including the high seas, in accordance with Tasked to enforce traffic laws, rules and regulation
applicable international conventions. In the Registration of motor vehicles
performance of this function, the PCG may enlist Operation of motor vehicle and traffic rules
the services of other government agencies and the Regulation as provided by RA 4136
merchant marine fleet;
• To assist in the enforcement of laws on fisheries, Bureau of Fire Protection
immigration, tariff and customs, forestry, firearms - government body in the Philippines responsible for the
and explosives, human trafficking, dangerous drugs provision of fire services.
and controlled chemicals, transnational crimes and • It is under the jurisdiction of the Department of the
other applicable laws within the maritime Interior and Local Government.
jurisdiction of the Philippines
• To develop oil spill response, containment and Security and Protection Unit (SPU)
recovery capabilities against ship-based pollution; • Only 14 fire officers for every BFP regional office
and city fire station will be authorized to carry a
Coast Guard Special Operations Force firearm as members of the security and protection
- the special forces unit of the Philippine Coast unit
Guard. • composed of two team leaders with the rank of at
• The CGSOF performs underwater operations, least Fire Inspector and team members, who shall
domestic counter-terrorism and other law undergo a neuropsychological examination and
enforcement operations periodic training.
• The ideal firefighter to population ratio is 1:2,000
Philippine Coast Guard Auxiliary • One fire truck needs 14 fire officers for its full
- civilian support group of the Philippine Coast Guard. operation at times to respond to emergencies and
- This endeavor includes search and rescue, environmental even Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear
protection, disaster relief, community service, and marine (CBRN) threats.
safety.
MANDATES AND FUNCTIONS OF BFP
BANTAY DAGAT • Be responsible for the prevention and suppression
To inspections on all merchant ships and vessels, including of all destructive fires on:
but shall not be limited to inspections prior to departure, to – Building, houses and other structures;
ensure and enforce compliance with safety standards, rules – Forest;
and regulations; – Land transportation vehicles and
equipment;
NOTE: – Ships and vessels docked at piers or
Bantay Dagat is under the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic wharves anchored in major sea ports;
Resources (BFAR) of the Philippine Department of – Petroleum industry installations;
Agriculture. – Plane crashes; and
– Other similar activities
Mandates
The Philippine Coast Guard is mandated and responsible to • Be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire Code
perform maritime search and rescue, maritime law of the Philippines (PD 1185) and other related laws;
enforcement, maritime safety, marine environmental • Shall have the power to investigate all causes of
protection and maritime security. fires and if necessary, file the proper complaint with
the city or provincial prosecutor who has
Vision jurisdiction over the case;
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 • In the time of national emergency, all elements of • Extension of stay of temporary visitors and
the BFP shall upon direction of the President, assist implementation of changes of status as provided by
the AFP in meeting the national emergency; law;
• Administrative determination of citizenship and
related status;
NOTE: • Investigation, hearing, decision and execution of
• BFP shall establish at least one (1) fire station with orders pertaining to exclusion, deportation, and
adequate personnel, firefighting facilities and repatriation of foreign nationals;
equipment in every provincial capital, city and • Implementation of Hold Departure Orders,
municipality subject to standard rules and Blacklist, Watchlist, Immigration Lookout Bulletin
regulations as maybe promulgated by the Orders and Alert List Orders;
Department of the Interior and Local Government • Investigation, arrests and detention of foreigners in
(DILG) (Sec 56). violation of immigration regulation and other
Philippine laws;
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES • Accreditation of schools and learning institutions
Republic Act 9514 that can officially accept and enroll foreign
• Approved on December 19, 2008 students; and
• Repealed PD 1185 • Accreditation of law firms, liaison officers, travel
• Known as the "Revised Fire Code of the Philippines agencies and other individuals and organizations
of 2008". transacting with the Bureau of Immigration

Fire Brigade E.O. 292

• A collective term that refers to a group of ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1987
firefighters, Armed Forces of the Philippines
• primarily performing fire suppression activities in • Uphold the sovereignty, support the Constitution,
specified areas such as, but not limited to, and defend the territory of the Republic of the
• community/barangay, company, and other Philippines against all enemies, foreign and
government and non-government establishments domestic;
• It consists of three main service branches;
VISION – the Army, Air Force, Navy (including the
A modern fire service fully capable of ensuring a fire safe Marine Corps).
nation by 2034.
Philippine Army
MISSION - the main, oldest and largest branch of the (AFP),
We commit to prevent and suppress destructive fires, - responsible for ground warfare
investigate its causes; enforce Fire Code and other related .
law; respond to man-made and natural disasters and other Philippine Air Force
emergencies. • responsible for both defending the Philippine
airspace, and conducting aerial operations
BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND DEPORTATION throughout the Philippines
• E.O. 292 (Bureau of Immigration)
• Acts as the primary enforcement arm of the Department Philippine Navy
of Justice and the President of the Philippines in • the naval warfare service branch of the AFP
ensuring that all foreigners within its territorial • It shares the responsibility of patrolling the
jurisdiction comply with existing laws. maritime borders with the Philippine Coast Guard

Some of the Specific functions Philippine Marine Corps

• Regulation of the entry (arrival), stay (sojourn), and • naval infantry force under the command of the
exit (departure) of foreign nationals in the country; Philippine Navy.
• Monitoring of the entry and exit of Filipino citizens • The PMC conducts amphibious, expeditionary, and
in compliance with Philippine laws and other legal special operations missions.
procedures;
• Issuance of immigration documents and Philippine Military Academy
identification certifications on non-immigrant, • premier military academy for Filipinos aspiring for
immigrant and special non-immigrant visas; a commission as a military officer of the Armed
• Issuance of special permits in relation to the Forces of the Philippines (AFP).
enforcement of immigration laws (e.g. Special • established on December 21, 1936, by the virtue of
Work Permit (SWP), Provisional Permit to Work National Defense Act of 1935.
(PPW), Special Study Permit (SSP), re-entry
permits, clearances, etc.); NOTE:

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 • The PMA is located in the city of Baguio, and
serves as the primary training school for future
officers of the AFP.

FOUR CLASSES
• Fourth class Cadets are the first year students. In the
academy, they are called "plebes".
• Third class Cadets are the sophomores in civilian
universities, and are referred to as "yearlings".
• Second class Cadets are also called the "cows".
• First class Cadets, also known as "firsties".

Officer Candidate Course Qualifications

• You must be a college graduate
with a bachelor’s degree.
• Must be a natural-born Filipino
• 21 to 27 years of age upon
admission
• Single and never been married;
never borne or sired a child;
• A height of not less than 5’0 ft.
(152.4cm) both for male and
female, but not more than 6’4”
(193.04 cm);
• Of good moral character;
• Physically, mentally and
psychologically fit for active
military service (P1 profile);
• Armed Forces of the Philippines
Service Aptitude Test (AFPSAT)
raw score of 71 or higher;
• Must have passed other pre-entry
written examinations given by
the Philippine Army (Army
Qualifying Exam (AQE) &
Special Written Exam (SWE));
and
• Must pass the Physical Medical
Exam and Physical Fitness Test
conducted in the Philippine Army
through the Philippine Army
Officer Selection Committee
Interview (PAOSC)

Candidate Soldier Course (CSC) Qualifications

• Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen;
• With 72 units in college or, if a high school
graduate, must possess technical skills and
talents needed by the AFP;
• At least 18 to 26 years old before the date of
appointment as Candidate Soldier;
• At least 5’0” or 60 inches in height. Similarly,
height waiver is no longer issued by the
Command;
• Single and without a child;
• Of good moral character;
• AFPSAT score of at least 45;
• Must have passed the pre-qualifying Physical
Fitness Test (PFT) and Physical Medical Exam
(PME);
• Physically and mentally fit for military training

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 • Professional - where police officer have a
necessary passion and perspective to valuable
police officers.
• Enforcers – police officer have passion in
responding to human problems but do not
recognize limits on their power to resolve them.
• Reciprocators – where police officers often are to
objective in that they have perspective but virtually
no passion.
• Avoiders – police officers have neither passion nor
perspective.

SOCIETAL TYPE AND POLICE SYSTEM

q Folk-communal society – Little codification of
law, no specialization among police, harsh/barbaric
punishment.
Classic examples: African and Middle Eastern Tribes
q Urban-commercial societies - have few written
laws and some specialized enforcement for
religious or king’s law enforcement.
Punishments are inconsistent and usually harsh.
q Urban-industrial societies - enforce laws that
prescribe good behavior and give incentives and
disincentives for behavior and police are specialized
in property crimes such as theft.

q Bureaucratic societies - today’s modern society.

They feature fully developed laws, lawyers, and
COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING police forces trained for multiple types of crime.

COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING TYPES OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN THE

Ø outlining the similarities and differences of one WORLD
police system to another. Common Law Systems
Ø also known as Anglo-American Justice
Why need to compare? Ø (U.S.)
Ø Transnational crimes cross borders and the need for Ø They primarily rely upon oral systems of evidence
bilateral and international cooperation become in which the public trial is a main focal point.
imperative. Civil Law Systems
q known as Continental justice or Romano-Germanic
HOW TO COMPARE? justice, European Union written law is taken as
SAFARI METHOD gospel and subjects to little interpretation
q researcher visits another country.
COLLABORATIVE METHOD Socialist System
q researcher communicates with foreign researcher. q known as Marxist-Leninist Justice
q Communist revolution
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE OPERATIONAL q Africa and Asia
STYES q designed to rehabilitate or retrain people into
AS TO LAW ENFORCEMENT STYLE fulfilling their responsibilities to the state.
Legalistic - It emphasizes the use of threats or
actual arrests to solve disputes. Islamic Systems
Watchman - It emphasizes on informal means of Ø also known as Muslim or Arabic Justice
resolving disputes. Ø derive all their procedures and practices from
Service - It emphasizes on helping the community, interpretation of the Qur’an.
as opposed to enforcing the law.
THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING
Alertness To Crime Theory
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE OPERATIONAL - Is that as a nation develops, people’s alertness
STYES AS TO THE WAY POLICE OFFICER USE to crime is heightened.
THEIR AUTHORITY AND POWER IN STREET Economic Or Migration Theory
POLICE WORK - Crime everywhere is the result of under
strained migration and overpopulation in urban
areas such as ghettos and slums.
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Opportunity Theory A crime perpetuated by organized criminal groups,
- is that long with higher standards of living, a crime must involve the crossing of borders or jurisdictions.
victims become more careless of their
belongingness.
Deprivation Theory
- holds that progress comes along with rising
expectations.
- People at the bottom develop unrealistic
expectations.
Modernization Theory
- sees the problem as society becoming too
complex.
Demographic Theory Money Laundering
- based on the event when a greater number of Under the AMLA, money laundering is “a crime
children are being born. whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity are transacted,
• As these baby booms grow up, delinquent thereby making them appear to have originated from
subcultures develop out of the adolescent identity legitimate sources.”
crisis
CONVERTING ILLEGAL MONEY TO A LEGAL ONE
GLOBALIZATION 1ST PLACEMENT (CLE Question)
Ø The process of interaction and integration among - Is the physical disposal of the money by putting
people, companies, and governments worldwide. them into the financial system, usually through
Ø Globalization has accelerated since the 18th century Smurfing and Immersion.
q Smurfing - moving small amounts at times to
Globalization involves avoid suspicion.
ü technological, q Immersion - mixing of illicit money with licit
ü economic, one.
ü political, and
ü cultural exchanges 2nd LAYERING
- also called “heavy soaping”
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION - Involves transfer of funds from one source to
FEATURES OF GLOBALIZATION another in order to conceal the source of funds.
FREE MARKET
- open market goods are available across the 3rd INTEGRATION
globe. - also called “spin dry”
- the money is again available to buy or spend
INTERNET REVOLUTION with the legitimate things.
- internet brought people closer work can be o The anti-money laundering council (amlc) is the
outsourced to any part of the world. financial intelligence unit of the Philippines.

AMERICANIZATION Terrorism
- the dominance of western forms of political, It is a threat or actual use of force or violence for
economic and cultural life. political or other purpose, to foster fear, insecurity, distrust
and unrest among the people.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Brain Drain DRUG TRAFFICKING - REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
- richer countries drives talent away from poorer "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002"
countries.
Sweatshops
- country take advantage of the lower wage rates.
Disease
Globalization has also helped to spread some of the
deadliest infectious diseases known to humans.

THREATS TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

1. Increasing volume of human rights violations as
evidence by genocide and mass killing
2. Conflict between nations
3. Transnational criminal networks for drug
trafficking, money laundering, terrorism

Transnational Organized Crime

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 Secretariat
The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

The International Court of Justice

ü primary judicial organ of the UN.
ü located in The Hague, in the Netherlands
q SILVER TRIANGLE - Peru, Bolivia and ü The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-
Columbia (Cocaine) year terms and are appointed by the General
q GREEN TRIANGLE - Benguet, Kalinga and Assembly
Mt. Province (Marijuana)
OBJECTIVES
UNITED NATIONS Ø Peacekeeping and security
Ø Human rights
- intergovernmental
Ø Economic development and humanitarian
organization whose purpose is to
maintain international peace assistance
and security, world's largest
international organization. BLUE HELMETS
- A replacement for the
ineffective League of Nations, at its
founding, the UN had 51 member
states; there are now 193.
The headquarters of the United
Nations is in Manhattan, New York
City. Participation of PNP Personnel in UN Peacekeeping
Mission
SIX OFFICIAL LANGUAGES António Guterres
ü Spanish Current Secretary-General
ü Arabic The International Court of Justice
ü French ü primary judicial organ of the UN.
ü English ü located in The Hague,Netherlands
ü Chinese ü The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year
ü Russian terms and are appointed by the General Assembly.

PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS OBJECTIVES

General Assembly Ø Peacekeeping and security
Main deliberative, policymaking, and Ø Human rights
representative organ of the UN appointing the Secretary Ø Economic development and humanitarian
General of the United Nations, Dennis Francis General assistance
Assembly President
PARTICIPATION OF PNP PERSONNEL IN UN
Security Council PEACEKEEPING MISSION
Charged with ensuring international peace and
security.

Security Council
Five permanent members:
China, France, Russia, the
United Kingdom, and the
United States UN Special Action Team (UNSAT)
§ Ten non-permanent (PNP MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2009-006)
members elected for q AGE REQUIREMENT
two-year terms
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 Must not be less than 25 years old or more
o INTERPOL FOUR CORE FUNCTION
than 53 years old upon actual deployment. q Secure global police communication services
q RANK REQUIREMENT I-24/7, enables police in all member countries to
o For Police Commissioned Officers request, submit and access vital data instantly in a secure
§ PSINSP environment.
o For Police Non-commissioned Officers
§ PO3 q Operational data services and databases for
q SERVICE REQUIREMENT police
o Minimum of 5 years of active police A broad range of global databases, incorporating
service key information such as
• names of criminals and suspected
COVERAGE of the UNSAT Pre-Qualifying Exam individuals,
(conducted by the PNP Directorate for Plans) • fingerprints, photographs
1st Stage - Written Examination which covers Reading
Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Report Writing q Operational police support services
2nd Stage - Driving Proficiency Test - making available INTERPOL’s know-how,
3rd Stage - Firing Proficiency Test expertise and best practices to all authorities,
services and organizations world-wide.
NOTE:
The term of deployment All PNP personnel who q Police training and development
are deployed as part of the UN Peacekeeping Mission shall - aim of enhancing the capacity of member
have one (1) year tenure, extendable to 6 months. countries to effectively combat transnational
crime and terrorism.
INTERPOL
(International Criminal Police
Organization)
- World’s largest international
police organization, with 196
member countries. It facilitates
cross-border police co-operation
to prevent or combat international
crime.
Motto: CONNECTING POLICE FOR A SAFER National Central Bureaus (NCB)
WORLD The NCB is the designated contact point for the General
Secretariat.
ORGANIZATION’S FOUR OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:
ü Spanish To seek the arrest or
ü Arabic Red provisional arrest of
ü French Notice wanted persons with a
ü English view to extradition.

First Headquarters - Vienna Austria

Current HQ - Lyon France
Black Notice To seek information on
unidentified bodies.

To help locate missing

Yellow persons, often minors,
Notice or to help identify
persons who are unable
to identify themselves.
INTERPOL EMBLEM To collect additional
information about a
Globe - worldwide activities Blue Notice person’s identity or
Olive Branches - peace activities in relation to a
Vertical Sword - police action crime.
Scales - justice
Lightning - speed in action

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 To provide warnings INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF
and criminal POLICE (IACP)
Green intelligence about -The world's oldest and largest nonprofit membership
Notice persons who have organization of police executives.
committed criminal • H.Q. in Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.
offenses and are likely to • 165 countries
repeat these crimes in
other countries PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL
To warn police, public CRIME (PCTC)
entities and other
Orange international
Notice organizations about
potential threats from
disguised weapons,
parcel bombs and other
dangerous materials.
To provide information
Purple on modus operandi,
Notice procedures, objects,
PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL
devices and
CRIME (PCTC)
concealment methods
(E.O. 62)
used by criminals.
- Its mission was to formulate and implement a
Silver Notice Identification and
concerted program of action of all law enforcement and
(Pilot Phase) tracing of criminals
government agencies for the prevention and control of
assets
transnational crimes.
INTERPOL- Issued for groups and EUROPOL (EUROPEAN POLICE)
United individuals who are the
Nations targets of UN sanctions
Special against Al Qaeda and the
Notice Taliban.

q RED – to seek of provisional arrest of wanted

person
q ORANGE – to warn police, public entities and
other international org. about potential threats. ASEANAPOL
q YELLOW – help locate missing person, often
minor.
q GREEN – provide warning and criminal
intelligence about person who have committed
criminal offense.
q BLUE – to collect additional info about person’s
act. & identity in relation to a crime.
q BLACK – seek info on unidentified bodies.
q PURPLE – to provide info on modus operandi
q Silver Notice (pilot phase): To identify and trace q An association of 10-member ASEAN countries
criminal assets Chiefs of Police
q Interpol – UN Special Notice – issued for groups q 21 to 23 October 1981 (Manila)
& individuals who are the target of UN sanction o The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of
against Al Qaeda and Taliban ASEAN Police

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) MEMBER COUNTRIES

• 32 member states from Europe and North America 5 original member countries Five other members
• 12 states founding members of NATO. Indonesia Brunei
• Established in the aftermath of World War II, the Malaysia Myanmar
organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, Philippines Cambodia
signed 4 April 1949. Singapore Vietnam
Thailand LAO PEOPLE DEMOCRATIC
NATO headquarters REPUBLIC (Laos)
• Brussels, Belgium

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 SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
- includes the processing of crime scene, technical
and forensic examination of evidences and similar
scientific investigative assistance.
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS
§ Patrol as the Backbone of Police Organization
- they see and experience first-hand information of
what the community is dealing with
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS and - It is the only division that cannot be eliminated.
PLANNING with CRIME MAPPING - Single largest element in the police organization.

FIELD OPERATIONS § Patrol as the Essence of Police Function

- it is aimed toward the accomplishment of the - directly attempts to eliminate the desire and
primary police tasks as the following: opportunity to commit crime.
§ Patrol - Patrol provides the “ears and eyes” of the
§ Investigation department.
§ Traffic Control - Patrol is the only unit working round the clock.
§ Vice Control
§ Juvenile Delinquency Control § Patrol as the Operational Heart of Police
Organization
Police Operation - direct contact with the society.
• Job duties, responsibilities, and activities that law - The patrol force incorporates all objectives inherent
enforcement agents complete in the field. in the police organization.
- Patrol is the Show Window of Police Department
CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PATROL
PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATION Theory of Police Low Profile Theory
- includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operations, Omnipresence
Fire Drills, Earthquake Drills and similar operations High police visibility Low police visibility
that promote public safety. Discourages criminals Increases the opportunity to
apprehend criminals
LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATION FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL
- includes Service of Warrant of Arrest, • Preventive Enforcement
Implementation of Search Warrant, Enforcement of - falls under the heading of protection, and involves
Visitorial Powers of the Chief, Philippine National the prevention of crime
Police and Unit Commanders, Anti-Illegal Drugs • Selective Enforcement
Operation, Anti-Illegal Gambling Operations. - This involves going either where the trouble is, or
where the trouble likely to occur.
INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATION
- includes Counter-Insurgency Operations, Counter • Traffic Enforcement – important thing is that the
Terrorist Operations and similar operations that are violator is stopped.
conducted to ensure internal security. • Emergency Call for Service – handling of
emergency calls for service.
SPECIAL POLICE OPERATION
- includes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock POLICE SERVICE
Operation, Civil Disturbance Management These are the benevolent services performed by the Patrol
Operation, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of officers.
Demolition Eviction Injunction and Similar Orders.
CLASSESS OF PATROL ACTIVITIES
INTELLIGENCE OPERATION q Called for Service
- includes Surveillance Operation, Counter o incidents requiring immediate police
Intelligence, Intelligence Research, Intelligence action.
Assessment and similar police intelligence q Inspectional Service
operation conducted to gather information related to o patrol activity tends to reduce criminal
security, public safety and order. opportunity and accidents.
q Routine Patrol
INVESTIGATION OPERATION o directed at less tangible hazards such as
- includes Investigation of Crime or Incident, poor lighted areas, business section, etc.
Administrative Investigation and similar PATROL DEPLOYMENT
investigative work necessary to determine facts and POLICE ACTIVITY PERCENTAGE
circumstances for fi ling cases criminally or 1. Patrol Functions 50%
administratively.
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 2. Criminal Investigation 15%
3. Traffic Functions 10% q BICYCLE PATROL
4. Vice & Juvenile Related Functions 10% o simple and inexpensive means of silent
5. Administrative Functions 10% transportation
6. Auxiliary Functions 5% TERRITORIAL UNITS IN PATROL
POST ASSIGNMENT § POST - a fixed point or location to which an officer
q Regular Post is assigned for duty.
o Assigning members to regular/usual post § ROUTE - a length of street or streets designated for
which usually based on seniority. patrol purposes also called line beat.
q Post Rotation § BEAT - area assigned for foot patrol purposes
o The process of assigning members of § SECTOR - area containing two or more beats,
patrol force from post to post routes or posts.
§ DISTRICT - a geographical subdivision of a city
TYPES OF PATROL for patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
q Foot Patrol § AREA - a section or territorial division of a large
o Is the most expensive type of patrol in city each comprised of designed district.
terms of human resources
ANATOMY OF CRIME
The Traditional Foot Patrol Pattern Motive/ Desire
§ Clockwise Patrol Pattern – first hour tour of duty. - it is the basis why the people will commit crime or
§ Counter-clockwise Patrol Pattern - during the last it is what induces the people to act.
hour of the tour of duty Opportunity
§ Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern - definite target - it is the physical possibility that criminals could
location where he knows his presence is necessary. have executed the crime
§ Straightway and Criss-cross Patrol Pattern - Instrumentality/ Ability
Hazard Oriented Patrol - it is the means used in executing the crime.

q HORSE PATROL
o Next to walking patrol,
o The horse patrol is one of the oldest types
of patrol.

q AUTOMOBILE PATROL
o Is the most economical type of patrol
o the most extensively used and most POLICE VISIBILITY
- it is not just the actual presence of the policeman on
effective means of transportation for
police patrol beat, it involves the following:
ü Physical Presence
.
ü Patrolling Scheme
q MOTORCYCLE PATROL
o Ease and speed of moving around. ü Response Time
o High mobility particular in congested CRITICAL TIME RESPONSE TIME
traffic. Time between the call of Running time of the
concerned individual to the dispatched patrol car from
q DOG PATROL / CANINE (K-9) PATROL police regarding crime his position where the
o A most recent use of police dogs is in the incident and the arrival at assignment was received
search and detection of drugs in packages the scene of patrol officer. and the arrival at the scene.
or on suspects.
PATROL TACTICS AND STRATEGIES
BREED OF DOG BEST SUITED FOR POLICE WORK High Visibility
German Shepherd o objective of increasing the “aura of police
Ø High scoring dog, most frequently used for omnipresence.”
police work. Low Visibility
o purpose of increasing the apprehension of
q AIR PATROL / AIRCRAFT PATROL criminal
o Only very large cities or states agencies Proactive Patrol
could afford this type of patrol. o addresses crime at its very root before it
o Actually, be as economical as the can be developed into felonious act
automobile. Reactive Patrol
o waiting for something to happen and to
q WATER PATROL (Marine/Bay/River Patrol) react
o great use in areas with extensive coasts or a Target Oriented Patrol
great deal of lake or river traffic.
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 o directed towards specific persons or Section/Division of the concerned
places. operating police units for record purposes.
Interactive Patrol Strategy
o police-citizen interaction Coordination by Filing Coordination Form
Aggressive Patrol Strategy • Prior to the launching of the operation except in
o positive, target oriented activities which cases where the formal (in writing)
includes physical security inspection - inter-unit coordination cannot be made due to the
Directed Deterrent Patrol nature and/or urgency of the situation such as, but
o perform specific predetermined preventive not limited to, cross-jurisdiction pursuit operations,
functions coordination should be made formally using the
Split Force Patrol prescribed Coordination Form
o assigning one part for patrol and another
responding to calls responding to calls for REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE OPERATIONS
service a. With marked police vehicle;
b. Led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) or the most
UNDERCOVER / DECOY PATROL senior Police Non-Commissioned Officer (PNCO) in the
Ø It is quite different from traditional patrol absence or unavailability of a PCO; and
methods in that the strategy is to rely heavily c. With personnel in prescribed police uniform except for
on disguise, deception, and lying. covert operatives when serving warrant of arrest provided
personnel in uniform shall be present during the arrest
PNP INTEGRATED PATROL SYSTEM (PIPS) d. With the use of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) and/or
• The Integrated Patrol System (IPS) of the Philippine Alternative Recording Devices (ARDs) during the conduct
National Police is a concerted effort of the whole of searches and arrests.
PNP organization with other government agencies.

COMPONENTS:
Fixed Components
- Include the different police station, Headquarters,
Police Visibility Post and Traffic Post.

Patrol Components
Includes air patrol, mobile patrol, and other forms of patrol

Auxiliary Components
Includes Security Guard, traffic enforcer, Barangay Tanod,
volunteers and NGO’s.

Hasty Checkpoint
Established when nearby checkpoints are ignored or during
hot pursuit operations.
Body Word Cameras (BWC)
Dragnet Operation - Is an electronic camera system for creating,
Is a police operation purposely to seal-off the probable generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying,
exit points of fleeing suspects from the crime scene to prevent and processing audio visual recordings that may be
their escape. worn by the PNP personnel during law enforcement
activity.
PNP Operational Guidelines NOTE:
• Regardless the type of function to performed and/or The BWC shall be appropriately and firmly attached to either
police operation to be conducted, all PNP personnel the epaulet, collar, hat, and shoulder board.
must know by heart and shall comply with and
apply the following principles and procedure; NOTE:
• To serve and protect; and • When issued, the personnel concerned shall start the
• To respect human rights and dignity of person recording, make a verbal announcement to the Desk
(POP Manual, 2021) Officer or Ground Commander that the recording
has been activated.
Pre-Operational Clearance • The personnel should also state his name, rank,
• In all planned police operations, the team leader of location, date, time, and nature of the incident to
the operating team/s shall secure a Pre-Operation include weather condition.
Clearance prior to the conduct of operation.
• This clearance must be approved by their The BWC shall be used in all planned police operations and
Chief/Commander/Head of Office/Unit during the following instances, whenever possible and
and must be submitted at the Operations applicable:
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 • Checkpoints/chokepoints, traffic stop, vehicle supported by a written report, an Affidavit of
searches and awful searches incidental to lawful Authentication shall be issued by the concerned
arrest; officer.
• Hot pursuits- vehicle or foot;
• Use of force situations, physical arrests, Application of Necessary and Reasonable Force.
hostile/physical confrontational citizen contacts; (PNPM-DO-D-0-2-13-21)
• Suspicious vehicle stops/person stops; • In the lawful performance of duty,
• Responding for police assistance; • a police officer shall use necessary and reasonable
• Work-related transport of evidences, detainees, force
victims, suspects, and injured officer; • to accomplish his/her mandated task of enforcing
• Crimes in progress; the law and maintaining peace and order.
• Reading of Miranda rights of the arrested persons;
• Alarm responses on banks, financial NOTE: (PNPM-DO-D-0-2-13-21)
establishments, government offices, and other A police officer, however, is not required to afford the
buildings/installations that require building checks offender/s attacking him/her the opportunity for a fair or
and investigation; equal struggle.
The necessity and reasonableness of the force employed
The BWC/ARD shall not be used/activated in the following will depend upon the
circumstances: – number of aggressors,
1) In police facilities unless in an official capacity, or as part – nature and characteristic of the weapon
of an investigation procedure; used,
2) Conduct of any personal activity (in any location where – physical condition,
individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as – size and other circumstances
restrooms,
3) Conduct of any personal activity in locations where FORCE CONTINUUM
individuals have reasonable expectation of privacy such as in It is a linear-progressive decision-making process
residences, unless the recording is being made pursuant to a which displays the array of police reasonable responses
valid arrest or search warrant commensurate to the level of suspect/law offender’s
4) During strip or body cavity searches when such is resistance to effect compliance, arrest and other law
necessary as provided in the warrant; enforcement actions.
5) Conduct of tactical planning before the planned operation;
6) Intentionally activated to record THREE APPROACHES ON THE USE OF FORCE
conversations/communications between PNP personnel CONTINUUM
without their knowledge during routine, and other non-law 1. Non-Lethal Approach. This involves the police
enforcement related activities; presence in crime-prone areas and the employment
7) Between confidential informants or undercover officers; of activities or actions to persuade and/or request
8) Privileged communications between the subject of cooperation of people particularly suspects and law
recordings and other individuals, such as attorneys, members offenders to police instructions and other control
of the clergy, peer support councilors and medical efforts.
professionals; 2. Less Lethal Approach. Employment of less lethal
9) While on the grounds of any public, private or parochial equipment that do not cause serious injury and/or
elementary or secondary school, hospitals, churches and death and that less physical measures have been
other places of worship except when responding to an tried and deemed inappropriate purposely to ensure
imminent threat to life or health; and cooperation, compliance or surrender. (Batons,
10) Other circumstances as may be provided by the trial court Truncheons and/or Night Stick
issuing the warrant which is part of constitutional privilege 3. Lethal Approach. This involves the employment
and where the dignity of an individual may outweigh the of lethal equipment usually as last resort. Lethal
public necessity for recording. force will only be employed when all other
approaches have been exhausted and found to be
NOTE: insufficient to thwart the life-threatening actions or
All PNP personnel using BWC shall not erase, alter, reuse, omissions posed by armed suspect or law offender.
modify, or tamper with original audio/video recordings.
When video is recorded during an incident requiring a report, Use of Firearm When Justified (PNPM-DO-D-0-2-13-21)
the video must be supported by a written report, an Affidavit The use of firearm is justified if the offender poses an
of Authentication shall be issued by the concerned officer. imminent danger of causing death or injury to the police
officer or other persons.
POLICE HAZARD
• All PNP personnel using BWC shall not erase, alter, NOTE: (PNPM-DO-D-0-2-13-21)
reuse, modify, or tamper with original audio/video The police shall not use warning shots during police
recordings. When video is recorded during an operation
incident requiring a report, the video must be

22
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 Except when the police officer is outnumbered and c) The person is carrying something illegal or when his/her
overpowered clothing bulges in a manner that suggests he/she is carrying
a weapon; and
Police Checkpoint d) The person is seen at the time and place proximate to an
It is a location where the search, which is duly authorized by alleged crime incident and/or flees at the sight of a police
the PNP, is conducted to deter/prevent the commission of officer.
crimes, enforce the law, and for other legitimate purposes.
FRISKING
NOTE: (PNPM-DO-D-0-2-13-21) PAT-DOWN SEARCH
The PNP Checkpoint team shall be composed of a minimum Is a “frisk” or external feeling of the outer garments of
of (8) eight personnel with an individual for weapon only
• (1) One TL
• (2) Two verifiers, ARREST
• (1) One spotter, - taking of a person into custody in order that he may
• (2) Two forward security and be bound to answer for the commission of an
• (2) Two rear securities offense.

COMPOSITION MODES OF ARREST

q Team Leader (TL) 1. Arrest by virtue of a warrant
o at least Police Lieutenant 2. Arrest without a warrant
q Spotter /Profiler
o point/profile suspected vehicle “Knock and Announce Rule”
q Verifiers The officer before entering a house or building knock and
o shall conduct document verification, announce his authority and purpose.”
search, seizure and arrest, if necessary,
initial custody of seized evidence; NOTE:
Investigation Sub-team When making an arrest by virtue of a warrant the officer shall
q Search/Arresting personnel inform the person to be arrested of the cause of the arrest and
o search, seizure and arrest, if necessary; the fact that a warrant has been issued for his arrest
o Forward/Rear Security
o shall provide security in the checkpoint EXCEPTIONS:
area and block/pursue fleeing 1. when he flees; or
suspects/vehicle; 2. forcibly resists before the officer has opportunity to so
inform him; or
q Forward/Rear Security 3. when the giving of such information will imperil his arrest
o shall provide security in the checkpoint
area and block/pursue fleeing Right of officer to break into building or enclosure (Break in
suspects/vehicle; Doctrine)
1. That the person to be arrested is or is reasonably believed
Joint PNP-AFP Checkpoints to be in the said building;
o The PNP shall take the lead role in a joint PNP-AFP 2. That he has announced his authority and purpose for
checkpoint. entering therein;
o The signboard to be placed on the checkpoint shall 3. That he has requested and been denied admittance.
bear the names and contact numbers of both PNP
and AFP TL. NOTE:
o In case of arrest and seizure, the PNP shall take Rule is applicable both where there is a warrant and where
cognizance of the case. there is a valid arrest without a warrant.
STOPPING Right to break out of the building or enclosure to effect
SPOT CHECK / ACCOSTING release (Break out Doctrine)
o The Police officer may stop an individual for the An officer making an arrest who has entered a building or
purpose of conducting a spot check/accosting only enclosure may break out therefrom when necessary to
when reasonable suspicion exists. liberate himself.
o Reasonable suspicion must be more than just a
hunch or feeling. NOTE:
A police officer making a lawful arrest may verbally summon
Reasonable Suspicion: as many persons as he/she deems necessary to assist him/her
a) The person is reported to be allegedly involved in a in effecting the arrest (The Revised Rules of Criminal
criminal activity; Procedure, rule 113 sec. 10)
b) The actions or demeanor of the person suggest that he/she
is engaged in a criminal activity; MIRANDA VS. ARIZONA

23
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 photograph shall be conducted at the place where
Ernesto Arturo the search warrant is served;
Miranda • or at the nearest police station or at the nearest office
• failed to inform of the apprehending officer/team
Miranda of his
right to counsel Chain of Custody (Sec. 21 RA 9165)
and remain • 24 hours- upon confiscation or seizure, quantitative
silent, his or qualitative examination
conviction was • 24 hours- Certification of Examination results if the
overturned. volume can’t be completed within the time frame
extended for another 24 hours.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438 • 72 hours- after filling of criminal case, court shall
Rights of the Person Arrested, Detained or under conduct ocular inspection.
Custodial Investigation: • 24 hours- order of destruction
1. Right to remain silent
2. The right to have a competent and independent Controlled Delivery
counsel The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful or
3. Shall be allowed visits by or conferences with any suspect consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
members of his immediate family. controlled precursor and essential chemical under the
supervision of an authorized officer
REPUBLIC ACT N0. 9745
“Anti-Torture Act of 2009" FIREFIGHTING OPERATION
Section 12. Right to' Physical, Medical and Psychological Bureau of Fire Protection:
Examination. The Fire Bureau shall be responsible for the prevention and
suppression of all destructive fires on all buildings, houses
Drug Enforcement Operation and other structures, forest, transportation vehicles and
Rules on Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations (Revised PNP equipment, etc...
Police Operational Procedure 2021) General Policy and
Guidelines: FIRE HAZARD
Any condition or act which increases or may cause an
NOTE: increase in the probability of the occurrence of fire
Only PNP Drug Enforcement Group Special Operation Units
(PDEG SOUs) and Drug Enforcement Units (DEUs) of FIRE ALARM
LPUs are authorized to conduct Anti-Illegal Drug Operations • Any visual or audible signal produced by a device
and to coordinate with PDEA. or system to warn the occupants of the building or
firefighting elements of the presence or danger of
The PNP is not prevented from conducting warrantless fire
arrests in relation to violations of RA 9165 as amended under
Section 5, Rule 113, and search incidental to a lawful arrest BFP
under Section 13, Rule 126 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Fire Alarm Levels
Procedure. First Alarm – 2-3 Houses – 4 Fire Trucks
Second Alarm – 4-5 Houses – 8 Fire Trucks
Coordination Requirements Third Alarm – 6-7 Houses or High Rise Building
Coordination shall be made personally with PDEA ROC to – 12 Fire Trucks
secure a Certificate of Coordination (COC); Fourth Alarm – 8-9 Houses or High Rise Building
– 16 Fire Trucks
NOTE: Fifth Alarm – 10-11 Houses or High Rise Building
When personal coordination cannot be made, an online – 20 Fire Trucks
submission of requirement for application for issuance of Task Force Alpha – 12 X 12 Houses – 24 Fire
COC is permitted. Trucks
Task Force Bravo – 15 X 15 Houses – 28 Fire
“One-Jurisdiction, One-Operation Rule” Trucks
There shall only be one COC for every anti-illegal drug Task Force Charlie – Affecting Significant Part
operation following the “One-Jurisdiction, One-Operation” of Area – 32 Fire Trucks
rule, wherein only one anti-illegal drug operation against a Task Force Delta – Affecting Significant Part of
particular suspect/s covering a specific area at a given time Area – 36 Fire Trucks
shall be conducted; General Alarm – Fire Affecting Major Part of
Area – 80 Fire Trucks
Chain of Custody: Inventory
• Under RA 10640 Amending Sec. 21 of RA GENERAL ALARM – A distress signal called because a
9165Provided, That the physical inventory and large fire requires calling additional firefighters and
equipment.
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 • Under Control – Decreasing Fire Risk • The BFP Component of Unified Command declares
• Fire Out – Fire has been neutralized “fire out” after determination of total
extinguishment.
NOTE: • The BFP Component of Unified Command directs
The Fire Bureau shall have the power to investigate all causes the BFP investigator to conduct investigation in
of fires and, if necessary, file the proper complaint with the coordination with Camp/Facility Officials and in
city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case of private explosive storage for the joint
case. investigation with the PNP.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Procedure in Fire on High-Rise Building

• High-Rise Buildings – buildings, structures, or
facilities fifteen meters or more in height.

Pre-Operation
• All responding personnel wear appropriate Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE).
• The Incident Commander (IC) coordinates with the
management of the building for initial gathering of
information and initiates transfer of command.

Actual Operation
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) • The IC conducts Damage Assessment and Need
Designed to protect personnel in hazardous, toxic, or oxygen Analysis (DANA) and reports the same to the next
deficient environments. higher office.
• The IC directs the conduct of fire operations in
accordance with the phases of firefighting,
whenever applicable.

Post Operation
• The IC declares “fire out” after determination of
total extinguishment.
• The IC directs the BFP investigators to continue the
conduct of Investigation.
Procedure in Armory Fire/Explosive Storage
• Armory – a place where weapons are made and TEAM POLICING
kept. o A grass root approach undertaken to bring the
community and the police closer together in a more
Pre-Operation cooperative condition.
• All responders wear appropriate Personal Protective o Aberdeen, Scotland
Equipment (PPE) before proceeding to the scene. o 5-10 men is assigned according to concentration of
• The Incident Commander (IC) establishes Incident crimes
Command Post (ICP), if not available upon arrival.
- But, if ICP is already established, the IC joins the COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING SYSTEM
existing ICP under Unified Command. (COPS)
• Community-Oriented policing
NOTE: - it is the deploying of policemen in police blocks to
ICP calls for the presence of Explosive Ordnance Disposal provide police public safety services.
(EOD) experts from the Philippine National Police (PNP) or
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). Considered as the backbone of police tactics.?
POLICE COMMUNICATION
Actual Operation
• Responders perform rescue operation if there are COMMUNICATION
trapped victims, only upon advice by the EOD Generally speaking, communication refers to the
experts. transfer of thought or idea from one person to another.
Tec
hnically, it refers to the means or equipment used to exchange
• Responders fight fire at a distance to contain/ a thought or idea.
confine the fire.
SOME OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED TEN
Post Operation CODES IN PATROLLING
§ 10-4 – Ok

25
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 § 10-9 – Message repeat - addresses immediate needs
§ 10-10 – Negative - specific and how it can be accomplished on time
§ 10-12 – Standby with available resources.
§ 10-15 – En route to station with suspect
§ 10-50 – Accident OPLAN (Short range) - less than 1 year
§ 10-67 – Person calling for help
§ 10-78 – Need assistance TYPES OF PLANS in general
Proactive Plans
LAW ENFORCEMENT PLANNING o anticipation of problems, problems are
PLAN predictable.
- organize schedule or sequence by methodical Reactive Plans
activities o Developed as a result of crisis, without
- intended to attain a goal and objectives careful preparation.
Visionary Plans
PLANNING o identify the role of the police in the
- is a fundamental management function, which community state to which the department
involves deciding beforehand, can aspire.
Tactical Plans
STRATEGY o These are the procedures for coping with
- is a broad design, or methods of a plan to attain a specific situations at known locations.
stated goal or objectives. Operational Plan
o plans for the performance of the primary
TACTIC police functions like patrol, investigation,
- a specific design or course of action to attain traffic, vice and delinquency control
particular objectives in consonance with strategy. Extra Department Plan
o plans for emergencies, which require the
POLICE PLANNING involvement of the community to help the
- an attempt by police administrators in trying to police in achieving their objectives. It can
allocate anticipated resources to meet anticipated be disaster management, or solving great
service demands. in traffic and in organized crimes.

GUIDELINES IN PLANNING Policy or Procedural

The five (5) W’s and one (1) H - plans related to standard operating procedures to
• What to do – mission/objective guide policemen in their routine and field operation
• Why to do – reason/philosophy and in some special operation.
• When to do – date/time
• Where to do – place Field Procedure
• Who will do – people involve - used in all situations of all kinds shall be outlined as
• How to do – strategy a guide to officers and men in the field.
- E.g. of these procedures are those related to
CONSIDERATIONS IN POLICE PLANNING reporting, to dispatching, to raids, arrest, stopping
According to coverage suspicious persons.
§ Local Plan
§ Regional Plan Headquarters Procedure
§ National Plan - are procedures to duties of personnel concern,
which may include in the manual.
According to level of time - E.g. How to use the telephone, the use of fax
Strategic or Long-range Plan machine, police radios etc.
- plan that determines the organizational long-term
goal with the resources expected to be available. Special Operation Procedures
- procedure pertaining to the organization of special
Long range plan - covers a period of more or less (beyond units
10 years) - E.g. charged with the searching and preservation of
Intermediate or Medium Range Plan physical evidence
- It refers to the process of determining the contribut
ion on efforts that can make or provide MAJOR APPROACHES IN POLICE PLANNING
with allocated resources.

Medium Range Plan - covers a period of more or less (5

years)

Operational or Short-Range Plan

26
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 SYNOPTIC PLANNING
- rational comprehensive approach especially
appropriate for police agencies based on the STEPS IN POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING
problem-oriented approach of planning. § Frame of Reference
Careful view of the matters relating to the situation
NOTE: for which plans are being developed.
• Synoptic planning or the rational comprehensive
approach § Clarifying the Problems
- is the dominant tradition in planning. Identification of the problems, understanding both
- It is also the point of departure for most other its records and its possible solution.
planning approaches
PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING A situation must exist
- identification and analysis of specific crime - For example, an area in a city is victimized by a
series of robbers.
SARA MODEL
§ Collecting all Pertinent Facts
No attempt shall be made to develop a plan until all
facts relating to it have been carefully reviewed to
determine the modus operandi, suspects, types of
victims.

§ Developing the Facts

After all data have been gathered, a careful analysis
and evaluation shall be made. These provide the
basis from which a plan or plans are evolved.
INCREMENTAL PLANNING
- Problem are easier to solve when they are taken one § Developing Alternative Plans
at a time and broken down into gradual adjustments Several alternative measures shall appear one of the
over time. proposed plans shall usually prove more logical
than the others.
TRANSACTIVE PLANNING
- face-to-face interaction with the people who are to § Selecting the Most Appropriate Alternative
be affected by the plan. A careful consideration of all facts usually leads to
the selection of the best alternative proposal.
ADVOCACY PLANNING
- a greater sensitivity to the negative side effects of § Selling the Plans
plans. A plan, to be effectively carried out, must be
- planners seek to represent the interests of various accepted by persons concerned at the appropriate
groups within society. level of the plan’s development.

RADICAL PLANNING – For example, in a robbery case, the patrol

• The first mainstream involves collective actions to division head may be preparing the plan.
achieve concrete results in the immediate future.
§ Arranging for the Execution of the Plan
The execution of a plan requires the
– issuance of orders and directives to units
and personnel concern,
– the establishment of a schedule, and
– the provision of manpower and the
equipment for carrying out the plan.

§ Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Plan

27
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 The results of the plan shall be determined. • It can be used to help solve cases by identifying
where crimes are most likely to occur and which
This is necessary in order to know areas to target for police patrols.
– whether a correct alternative was chosen,
– whether the plan was correct, Crime Clock - signifies what time of crime is often or
– which phase was poorly implemented frequently committed.

Crime Map - location or place or crime prone areas

PNP P.A.T.R.O.L. PLAN 2030

- a strategic roadmap developed by the Philippine
National Police (PNP) to guide their efforts towards
becoming a highly capable, effective, and credible
police service by the year 2030.

Adriano Balbi and Andre-Michel Guerry

• 1829 - create the first crime maps in France

Choropleth maps
- divided into polygons then shaded to show crime
trends

Mapping as art and science

NOTE: Like other forms of visualization, maps are the outcome of
PATROL PLAN 2030 includes learning and growth through scientific activity: hypothesis formulation, data gathering.
the recruitment of quality applicants and the development of
competent and values-oriented personnel, as well as resource Significance of Crime Mapping
management. • Enhance a police officer’s time at the streets
• Improve the police response time on any incident
The PNP P.A.T.R.O.L. Plan 2030 is guided by the • Local patrol vehicles can be monitored for easier
philosophy of service, honor, and justice, which reflects the dispatch in any incident, accident or other disaster
core values of the PNP: hit areas.
• Maka-Diyos (Pro-GOD),
• Makabayan (Pro-Country), TYPES OF MAPPING
• Makatao (Pro-People), and Manual Pin Mapping
• Makakalikasan (Pro-Environment) - Most recent crime represented by pins but can only
display a limited amount of data.
CRIME MAPPING
- is a term used in policing to refer to the process of
conducting spatial analysis within crime analysis.

NOTE:
• Crime mapping is a process of using geographical
information to identify crime patterns and hot
spots.

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
Computer Mapping • Point Features - is a discrete location that is
- Computer is used to place a point at a specific usually depicted by a symbol or label. A point
location just a person would put a pin on a wall feature in the geographic information system is
map. analogous to a pin placed on a paper wall map.

Line Features - real-world element that can be represented

Crime Analysis Mapping on a map by a line or set of lines.
- a process of using GIS in combination of crime
analysis technique to focus on spatial context of
the criminal and other law enforcement activity.

TYPES OF LINE FEATURES include rivers, streams,

power lines, and bus routes
Polygons Features - A polygon feature is a multisided
figure represented by a closed set of lines.

Image Features - is a vertical photo taken from a satellite or

Geographic information system (GIS) a plane that is digitized and placed within the geographic
- powerful software tool information system coordinate system so that there are x and
- allows the user to create any kind of geographic y coordinates associated with it.
representation

Geographic Features
- translates physical elements in the real world

THREE TYPES OF CRIME ANALYSIS

TACTICAL CRIME ANALYSIS
- crime mapping is used to identify immediate
patterns for crimes. Such as residential and Thematic Mapping
commercial burglary. • a map of a theme or topic.
• a comprehensive toolkit—we can select a topic and
STRATEGIC CRIME ANALYSIS then choose from many possible ways of converting
Crime mapping is utilized in long-term applications to the data into a legible map that effectively
analyze the relationship between criminal activity and communicates with the intend- ed audience
indicators of disorder,
– such as a high volume of vacant property Thematic maps may be quantitative or qualitative.
or disorder calls for service. • Quantitative maps portray numerical information,
PURPOSE STRATEGIC CRIME ANALYSIS such as numbers of crimes in an area or crime rates.
To assist in geographic and temporal allocation of resources: • Qualitative maps show nonnumerical data like
- such as patrol officer scheduling and determination land use types or victim/ offender characteristics,
of patrol areas such as male or female, juvenile or adult.
To examine patterns of crime at or around specific locations,
- such as schools, bars, or drug treatment centers; TYPES OF CRIME MAPPING
SINGLE-SYMBOL MAPPING
ADMINISTRATIVE CRIME ANALYSIS - In single-symbol maps, individual, uniform
A valuable tool used by police, researchers, and symbols represent features
media organizations to convey criminal activity - such as the locations of stores, roads, or states.
information to the public.
BUFFERS
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES

29
“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 - can be set at small distances, such as 50 feet, or
larger distances, such as 500 miles

CHART MAPPING
- allows the crime analyst to display several values
within a particular variable at the same time

THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CHART MAPPING:

Pie chart crime mapping Bar chart crime
mapping

• Graduated Mapping - map that uses colors to

show the total numbers of crimes in particular areas

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL SECURITY

• Density Mapping - density maps are shaded
CONCEPTS
according to the concentration of incidents in
particular areas.
CONCEPT OF SECURITY
• A state or condition of being secured;
• there is freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss,
destruction or damages.

RELATED CONCEPTS ABOUT SECURITY

ASSET - a useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.

TYPES OF SECURITY
Physical Security
IMPORTANT FORMULAS IN CRIME MAPPING - The broadest type of security
- physical measures
- safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage, loss and theft.
Personnel Security
- ensure that a firm hires those best suited to assist the
firm in achieving its goals and objectives.
Document and Information Security
- This involves the protection of documents and
classified papers.
Industrial Security
- security applied to business groups engaged in
industries like manufacturing
Hotel Security

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 - a type of security applied to hotels where its § Animal Barrier – Animals are used in partially
properties are protected from pilferage providing a guarding system like dogs and geese.
Bank security ü DOGS
- this type of security is concern with bank ü GOOSE
operations. “Dog is capable of recognizing an odor up to 10 million times
Personal Security better than a human.”
- a type of security applied for the protection of
top-ranking officials of the government or GERMAN SHEPERDS
private entity. - most common breed of dogs used for security
Supermarket or Mall Security and law enforcement
- Security personnel are trained to detect
“shoplifter”. TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIER
Solid Fence
CCTV - visual access through the fence is denied from
20th Century the intruders.
• The first closed circuit television (CCTV) was
installed in Germany in 1942.

Operational Security
- protection of processes, formulas, and patents,
industrial and manufacturing.
ü Patent - exclusive rights grant made by the
government to an inventor term of 20 years
ü Trade Secret - consist of formula, pattern device or
compilation of information Full View Fence
- provides visual access
THREE LINES OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE
Perimeter fences/ barriers, belong to what lines of
Physical Defense?
- First line of Defense

§ First line of Defense - perimeter fences/ barriers.

§ Second line of defense
ü Doors
ü Floors TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCES
ü Windows § Chain Link Fences (Permanent Structure)
ü Walls • Must be constructed in 7 feet material
§ Third line of defense - storage system like steel excluding the top guard
cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files. • Must be of 9 gauge or heavier
• Mesh opening must not be larger than 2
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY inches
Ø There is no impenetrable barrier. • Securely fastened to reinforced concrete
Ø Defense is depth - barrier after barrier • Reach within 2 inches of hard ground
Ø Delay should be provided against surreptitious and
non-surreptitious entry.

PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
Barrier
- Any structure or physical device capable of
restriction, deterring or delaying illegal access
to an installation.
Perimeter Barrier § Barbed Wire Fences (Semi-Permanent)
- A medium or structure which defines the • twisted double strand, 12-gauge wires,
physical limits of an installation or area to with 4-point barb spaced on equal distant
restrict or impede access. part.
• Barbed wire fencing must be firmly
TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS affixed to post not more than 6 feet apart.
§ Natural Barrier - geographical features • The distance between strands will not
§ Structural Barrier - man-made constructions, exceed 6 inches and at least one wire will
§ Human Barrier - security guards be interlock vertical
§ Energy Barrier –mechanical, electrical, electronic
energy imposes a deterrent
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 § Glare-Projection Type - focused on the intruder.

§ Concertina Wire Fences (Least Permanent)

• Opened concertina wire is 50 FEET § Controlled Lighting Type - focused on the pile of
LONG AND 3 FEET HIGH. items.

§ Clear Zone
• 50 FEET OR MORE between the perimeter barrier § Standby Lighting - lights are not lit continuously
and structure within the protected areas. (INSIDE) but are turned on (either automatically or manually)
• 20 FEET OR MORE between the perimeter barrier when suspicious activity is detected.
and exterior structure. (OUTSIDE)

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

§ Guard Control Stations
Normally provided at main perimeter entrances

§ Moveable Lighting - This consist of stationary or

portable, manually operated searchlights.
§ Emergency Lighting
This standby lighting may be utilized in the event of
electric failure.
§ Tower/Guard Tower
- are house-like structures above the perimeter
barriers.

TYPES OF LIGHT LAMPS

§ Incandescent Lamps
- providing instant illumination, most commonly
§ Signs and Notice used protective lighting system.
- Signs should be plainly visible and legible from
any approach and in understandable language.

PROTECTIVE LIGHTING
- create psychological deterrent to intrusion

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

§ Gaseous-Discharge Lamp
Stationary Luminary - series of fixed luminous flood.
- require a period of two to five minutes to light
when they are cold

o MERCURY VAPOR LAMPS

2 TECHNIQUES OF STATIONARY LUMINARY

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 - These lamps give a blue green color light due • Basically, alarms system is designed to alert
to the presence of mercury vapor. security personnel for possible intruder.

BASIC PARTS OF ALARM SYSTEM

Sensor or Trigger Device – It emits the aural
or visual signals or both.
Transmission Line – A circuit which transmits
the message to the signaling apparatus.
Enunciator/Annunciator – signaling system
that activates the alarm.

TYPES OF ALARMS
§ Metallic Foil or Wire
- It will detect any action that moves or break the
foil or wire.
§ Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device
o SODIUM VAPOR LAMP - An electric eye is a photodetector used for
- These lamps emits yellow light. detecting obstruction of a light beam
§ Audio Detection Device
- Any sound caused by attempted forced entry is
detected by file censor.
§ Vibration detection device
- Any vibration caused by attempted force entry
is detected by the sensor.
§ Passive Infrared Detector (PIR) or Motion
o QUARTS LAMP Sensor
- emits very bright white light - an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR)
- instant on almost as rapidly as the incandescent light radiating from objects in its field of view
lamp.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM SYSTEM
§ Central Station System - located outside the
installation.
- When alarm is sounded, central station notifies
police and other agency.

§ Proprietary System - an alarm station located in

the facility
- It is located inside the industrial firm itself with
Floodlights versus Searchlights a duty operator.
• Spot light - concentrates all of the light in a small
area § Auxiliary System
• Flood light - spreads all of the light over a larger - In this system installation circuits are led into
area. local police or fire department by lease
• Searchlights telephone line.

§ Local Alarm by chance System

- siren or bell is sounded with no predicable
Response.
- used in residence or small establishment

• Fresnel Lights - projects a narrow, horizontal beam LOCK

- approximately 180 degrees in the horizontal A mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, or electronic
and 15 to 30 degrees in the vertical panel. device designed to prevent entry into building

Padlock
A portable and detachable lock.

PROTECTIVE ALARM

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
Linus Yale Jr.
He is best known for his inventions of locks, especially the
cylinder lock.

TYPES OF LOCKS
Warded Locks - It offers very little security, use only to have ART. 305 FALSE KEY
privacy, but not to provide degree of security. • The term “false keys” shall be deemed to include:
• Genuine Keys stolen from the owner.
• Any keys other than those intended by the owner
for use in the lock forcibly opened by the offender.

TYPES OF SECURITY CABINET

Safe
Disc Tumbler Locks - Also known as wafer tumbler type. Ø safekeeping of documents or small items
- designed for automobile industry Ø both robbery and burglary resistance depending
- The delay afforded is between 7 to 10 minutes. upon the use and need.

Vault
Ø Heavily-constructed fire and burglar resistance
container usually a part of the building structure.
Ø It is bigger than safe but smaller than File Room.
Code-Operated Locks
- pressing a series of numbered buttons in the
proper sequence.
- These are high security locking device. File Room
Ø A cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter
than a vault but bigger size
Ø It can accommodate limited people to work on the
records inside.

PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION AND MOVEMENT

Card-Operated Locks CONTROL
- Containing an embedded pattern of copper TYPES OF PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION
flocks. § Personal recognition
- These are frequently fitted with a recording § Artificial recognition
device which register time and identify the - identification cards, passes, passwords, etc.
user.
Restricted Area
- It refers to an area in which personnel or
vehicles are controlled for reasons of security.

TYPES OF RESTRICTED AREAS

§ Controlled Areas
- access is restricted to entrance.
KEY CONTROL
§ Limited Area
- Is the management of keys in a plant or - lesser degree of control is required than in an
business organization to prevent unauthorized exclusion area.
individual access to the keys.
§ Exclusion Area
- contains a security interest to TOP SECRET
importance.

PASS/BADGE SYSTEM

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 • A pass or badge is issued by security for personnel - reproduction of which will close considerable
to be admitted in the installation. expense and labor, or considerable delay.

PERSONNEL SECURITY • Class III – Useful Document

Personnel Security Investigation (PSI) - loss might cause inconvenience but could be
Is an inquiry into the character, reputation, readily replaced
discretion, integrity, morals and loyalty of an individual in
order to determine a person’s suitability for appointment • Class IV – Non-essential Documents
access to classified matter. - daily files, routine in nature even if lost or
destroyed, will not affect operation or
TYPES OF PSI administration.
• Local Agency Check
- investigation of the records and files of agency SECURITY CLEARANCE
in the area of principal residence - It is a certification by a responsible authority
- Mayor, Police, Fiscal, where the individual is - person described is cleared to access and
a resident. classify matters at appropriate levels.
• National Agency Check
- PNP, NBI, CSC, Bureau of Immigration • INTERIM CLEARANCE
and Deportation and other agency. - Effectivity Two years
• FINAL CLEARANCE
Background Investigation - Effectivity Five years
• Complete Background Investigation (CBI)
- more comprehensive that consist of detailed RISK ANALYSIS AND SECURITY HAZARDS
information regarding the subject. Security Hazard
• Partial Background Investigation (PBI)
- investigation of the background of the Natural Hazard
individual but limited only to some of the - natural phenomenon, like floods, typhoons,
circumstances. earthquakes, etc.

SECURITY EDUCATION PROGRAM Human Hazard

• The basic goal is to acquaint all the employees the - affecting the safe operation of the facility
grounds behind the security measures and to insure caused by human action,
cooperation at all times. • sabotage
• espionage
DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY • pilferage
• The importance of document and information
security is not realized until after a loss has been TYPES OF PILFERER
discovered. Casual Pilferer
- one who steals due to his inability to resist the
INFORMATION CYCLE unexpected opportunity and has little fear of
• Creation detection.
- Information is discovered and developed. Systematic Pilferer
• Use - steals with preconceived plans and takes away
- Some action is taken with the information. any or all types of items or supplies for
• Storage/Retrieval economic gains.
- for future use
• Transfer EXTENT AND DEGREE OF RISKS TO SECURITY
- Transferring of information from active to WILL BE DEPENDENT
inactive use. § Relative Criticality of Operation
• Disposition - is the importance of firm with reference to the
- Decision may be made national economy and security.
either an active or an inactive storage center or § Relative Vulnerability
to dispose it. - is the susceptibility of the plant or
establishment to damage, loss or disruption of
TYPES OF DOCUMENTS operation due to various hazards.
• Class I – Vital Documents
- irreplaceable; Risk Management Alternatives and Strategies
- does not have the same value as the original. § Risk Avoidance
- Eliminating or removing the risk totally
• Class II – Important Documents - Ex: Proper disposal of flammable substance.

§ Risk Reduction
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 - minimizing the probability of the potential Supervisory Office on Security and Investigation
loss. Agencies (SOSIA)
- Ex: Construction of fences. • It is the government agency that is mandated to
enforce the provisions cited in R.A. 11917, as
§ Risk Spreading amended.
- Spreading the risk through or decentralization • It is formerly known as SAGSD (Security
- -Ex: use of safe or vaults Agencies and Guards Supervision Division)

§ Risk Transfer Securities and Exchange Commission

- Moving the financial impact of the potential • Charged with the registration and supervision of
loss-over to an insurance company. corporations and securities, as well as capital
market institutions and participants, in the
§ Risk Self-assumption Philippines
- assumption and acceptance of the potential • established on October 26, 1936
risk by making a deliberate managerial • under the Department of Finance
decision
RA 11917 June 30, 2022
SECURITY SURVEY The Private Security Services Industry Act.
- It is a critical, on-site examination and
analysis of an industrial plant. TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY PERSONEL
SECURITY INSPECTION - A security guard hired by client belonging to
- conducting physical examination private security agency.
- to determine compliance with establishment
security policies and procedures as a Advantages of PSAP:
- result of security survey. • Less expensive;
• Use is convenient;
SWOT analysis • Agency easily usually accepts liability of civil
suits.

COMPANY SECURITY - A security guard recruited and

employed by the company.
• Advantage of CSF
• High caliber and receives higher salary;
• Provides better service;
BRIEF HISTORY OF SECURITY IN THE • Tend to be more loyal with the company.
PHILIPPINES
PADPAO GOVERNMENT SECURITY - A security guard recruited
• Philippine Association of Detectives and and employed by the government
Protective Agency Operators (PADPAO) was
formally organized. May 30 1958 REGISTRATION AND LICENSING OF PRIVATE
• Which is an association of all licensed security SECURITY AGENCY
agencies and company security forces. PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY (PSA)
• Any Filipino citizen or juridical entity
• June 21, 1969 • wholly owned and controlled by Filipino citizens
• RA 5487 • may organize a private security agency and
• set the standards and minimum provide security services:
requirements for the operation of security
agencies PROVIDED:
• October 3, 1972 - That they shall not employ more than two
• PD 11 thousand (2,000) private security professionals
• widening the coverage of RA 5487 to as defined in this Act.
include security guards employed in
logging concessions, agricultural, mining Qualifications PSA Operator or Licensce
and pasture lands • Must be at least twenty-five (25) years of age;
• January 17, 1973 • Must hold a bachelor's degree;
• PD 100 • Must be a part owner of the company or in case of
• broadening the coverage of the security juridical entity,
industry to include employees of the • holder of at least one (1) share of stock
national or local government with voting rights;

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
License to Operate i. Security Officer
• Issued by the Chief PNP is required to operate and j. Security Manager
manage a PSA and PSTA: k. Secuirty Consultant

Period of Validity LTO SECURITY GUARD

• LTO issued to PSA and PSTA shall be valid for a • Must be at least 21 years old;
maximum period of five (5) years, subject to • Must be a graduate of high school
renewal: • Must be graduate of high school from any DepEd
• Provided, That the Chief PNP may set a recognized secondary school whether public or
shorter validity period for LTO private.
• Must have finished the PLTC.
Issuance of Firearms
• PSA shall only be allowed to possess small arms, SECURITY OFFICER
• not exceeding one (1) firearm for each PSP, to • Must be at least 25 years old.
include single-post, in its employ • Must be a graduate of high school
• Must be graduate of high school from any DepEd
Possession of firearms by PSPs shall only be allowed recognized secondary school whether public or
during their tour of duty, in proper uniform, within the private;
compound of the establishment, • Must have at least five years of experience in the
- except when they escort and secure large field of basic security profession
amounts of cash or valuables, which firearms • Must have finished Basic Security Supervisory
must be determined by the PNP Course
Stocking of Ammunition Period of Validity of LESP
Basic load of firearms is fifty (50) rounds security guard • The LESP of duly qualified PSPs shall be valid for
shall be limited to one half of such basic load or twenty-five a period of five (5) years from the date of its
(25) rounds for every security guard. issuance.
SECURITY CONSULTANTS TENURE OF SECURITY PERSONNEL
• Must be at least 25 years old The tenure of security personnel shall be co-terminus with
• Master’s degree holder and two (2) years of the service contract between the PSA and the Client.
experience in security industry OR However, services of any security personnel shall be
• Bachelor degree holder and (8) years of experience terminated on the following grounds:
in security industry • Expiration of contract;
• Revocation of license to exercise profession;
PRIVATE SECURITY PROFESSIONALS • Conviction of crime involving moral turpitude;
License to Exercise Security Profession (LESP) • Loss of trust and confidence;
- a license issued by the Chief, PNP through
• Physical and mental disability; and
Chief, SOSIA to a private security
• Security Management Staff
professional allowing him/her to exercise
security profession. • Security Director (SD) - Agency
Manager/Chief Security Officer.
• LESP-Training Personnel; and
• Security Executive Director (SED) - Asst.
• LESP-Security Personnel (including CGF
Agency Manager/asst. Chief Security
and GSF personnel).
Officer.
• Security Staff Director (SSD) - Staff
RA 11917
Director for Operation and Staff
Private Security Training Agency Personnel:
a. Training Director • Director for Administration.
b. Training Officer • Line Leadership Staff
c. Training Instructor • Security Supervisor 3 - Detachment
Commanders
Private Security Agency Personnel: • Security Supervisor 2 - Chief Inspector
a. Security Watchmen • Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector
b. Security Guard • Security Guard
c. Security Canine Handler • Security Guard 3 - Post-in-charge
d. Security Hardware & Systems Operator • Security Guard 2 - Shift-in-charge
e. Security Hardware & Systems Designer and • Security Guard 1 - watchman/guard
Planner
f. Bank and Armored Guard PSA operates without a valid LTO
g. Protection Agent • shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than
h. Private Detective one million pesos (P1,000,000.00) and not more

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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 than five million pesos (P5,000,000.00) at the
discretion of the Chief PNP;

PSA operates with an expired LTO

• Any shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less
than fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and not
more than one hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) at the discretion of the Chief PNP;

Person practicing private security profession without a

valid license
• shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not less than
fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and not more
than one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) at
the discretion of the Chief PNP.
• The same penalty shall be imposed upon a PSA
who shall deploy any person practicing private
security profession without a valid license or with
only an expired license;

11 GENERAL ORDERS
1. To take charge of the post and all company
properties in view and protect/preserve the same
with utmost diligence;
2. To walk during tour of duty in a military manner,
keeping always on the alert and observing
everything that takes place within sight or hearing; CFLM 1 & 2
3. To report all violations of order he is instructed to CHARACTER FORMATION NATIONALISM AND
enforce; PATRIOTISM
4. To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the
guardhouse he is stationed; CHARACTER
5. To quit his post only when properly relieved; - derived from the Greek word “charassein”
6. To receive, obey, pass on to the relieving guard all - referring to an engraving instrument;
orders from company officers or officials, originally used of a mark impressed upon a
supervisor, post-in-charge or shift leaders; coin.
7. To talk to no one except in the line of duty;
8. To sound or call the alarm in case of fire or CHARACTER
disorder; - psychological notion that refers to all the
9. To call the superior officer in any case not covered habitual ways of feeling and reacting of a
by the instructions; person
10. To salute all company officials, superiors in the - It is the trade mark of being a person
agency, ranking public officials and commissioned (personality)
officers of the AFP and PNP;
11. To be especially watchful at night and during the Personality - refers to sum total of typing ways of acting,
time of challenging, to challenge all persons on or thinking, and feeling that makes each person unique.
near my post and to allow no one to pass or loiter
without proper authority. TYPES OF PERSONALITY
q Introvert –focused inward he/she is usually shy,
reserved, and self-centered person.
q Extrovert –attention is directed outward, he/she is
bold and outgoing.
q Ambivert - normally comfortable with groups and
enjoys social interaction, but also relishes time
alone and away from the crowd.

Family Background
The family is said to be the cradle of personality
development as a result of either a close or harmonious
relationship or pathogenic family structure.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF FAMILY

STRUCTURES
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 q Conjugal Family / Nuclear Family Institutional influences – such as peer group, mass
- traditional forms of family that includes only media, church and school, governmental institution or non-
the husband, the wife and unmarried children governmental institution.
who are not of age.
Socio Cultural factors
q Matrifocal family – such as war and violence, group prejudice and
- women have the resources to rear their children discrimination, economic and employment problems and
by themselves. other social changes.

q Patriarchal family “Character is the solid foundation on which a person’s

- is a family in which the father is considered entire life is based.”
head of household;
- also known a father centered family or father CHARACTER FORMATION:
dominated family; THE NEGLECTED MANDATE
(Donald B. Rogers)
q Extended Family The process by which the individual, through
- including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and interaction of functioning, thinking and feeling, develops
other relatives, who all live nearby or in one stable pattern
household. It is also known as Character Building

q Avuncular Family FIVE (5) FACTORS THAT DETERMINE

- a family composed of a grandparent, a brothers, CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY TRAITS
his sister and her children. 1. Openness - appreciation for a variety of
experiences.
q Childless Family 2. Conscientiousness - quality of wishing to do one's
- couples who either cannot or choose not to work or duty well and thoroughly
have children, also called “forgotten family” 3. Extraversion - being sociable, energetic and
talkative.
q Family of Choice / Chosen Family 4. Agreeableness - being kind, sympathetic and happy
- is common within LGBT community, both in to help.
academic literature and in colloquial 5. Neuroticism - inclined to worry or be vulnerable or
vocabulary. temperamental.

q Single Family TYPES OF CHARACTERS

- one parent raising one or more children on his q Self-realized Character
own - A person with this type of character is ever
enthusiastic for he knows his potentialities and
q Blended Family or Stepfamily limitations.
- two separates families merging into one new q Covetous Character
unit. - This refers to a jealous or acquisitive character.
q Superstitious Character
Pathogenic family structure - not merely bad for the individual
- those families associated with high frequency - those who come in contact with this
of problems such as: unpredictable person.
q Egoistic/Overbearing/Bossy/Tall-talker
• Inadequate Family - inability to cope with the - The persons who thinks that world runs due to
ordinary problems of family living. him and everything and everybody should
• Anti-social Family – those that spouses respect him as such.
unacceptable values as a result of the influence q Anti-social Character/Offensive character
parents to their children. - This character is both a sinner and a criminal.
• Discordant or Disturbed Family - non- q Insincere Character
satisfaction of one or both parent from the - without any warmth in the feeling of others.
relationship that may express feeling of frustration. - not expressing genuine feelings.
• Disrupted Family - Characterized by q Complacent Character
incompleteness whether as a result of death, - feels that they do not need to do anything about
divorce, separation or some other circumstances. a situation

NOTE: PILLARS OF GOOD CHARACTER

§ Barangay is the smallest political unit while 1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
§ Family is the smallest unit of society - most complicated of the six core ethical values and
concerns a variety of qualities like
Environmental Factors honesty, integrity, reliability and loyalty.
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 2. RESPECT § Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions -
- The Golden Rule in Human Relation, crime victimization and accident rate in the
“Do unto others as you would have them do Philippines are constantly rising
unto you,” § Attention Taker - Filipinos are fun, different thing
3. RESPONSIBILITY to be an “epal” or “kapalmuks” simply, being an
- to take charge and accountable of the attention grabber.
consequences of what we think and do. § Being Onion-skinned or too sensitive - we think
4. FAIRNESS highly of ourselves, then we have the tendency to
- equality, impartiality, proportionality, openness put a wall around us
and due process. § Living beyond their means (social climbing) -
5. CARING Filipinos live in poverty is because of overspending.
- displaying kindness and concern for others: § Passivity (lack of leadership) - lack of initiative for
6. CITIZENSHIP change
- How we ought to behave as part of a
community. OTHER NEGATIVE TRAITS
- women give birth at an early age 16 (teenage
GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP Pregnancy).
q Involuntary method
o blood relationship or place of birth. THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERGOING FILIPINO
q Voluntary method VALUES
o result of a conquest or treaty. § Personalism - firmly believed that harmonious
personal relationship is the key to successful
THE MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND endeavours.
ATTITUDES OF THE FILIPINO § Familialism - Filipinos are family-oriented.
POSITIVE TRAITS Development programs and projects in the
§ Hospitality - characterized by heartwarming community are concentrated on the family
generosity and friendliness exhibited to foreigners § Particularism - Displayed behavior by the
and locals alike. individuals may it be good or bad is blamed against
§ Respect - In the Philippines, respect for one’s elders the family.
is a tradition.
o “Po and Opo” MAIN OBLIGATIONS UNDERLYING FILIPINO
o “Pagmamano” VALUE ORIENTATION
§ Strong Family Ties and Religions - they tend to § Pakikiramay - going out of the way to help,
keep families intact through the generations. without being asked, i.e., unsolicited help.
§ Generosity and Helpfulness - share what they have § Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal relations) -
to the people around them regardless whether someone’s views are agreeable
§ Strong work Ethics - They are always willing to or not.
work almost the whole day to provide the needs of § Galang (Respect) - reverse to the opinions of
their families. elders, during important discussions during social
§ Loving and Caring - Filipinos are found to be the encounters.
sweetest and most loving people in the world. § Bayanihan - generous enough to extend help
without compensation.
NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS
§ Fatalism (“Bahala Na” or “Come What May” BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND
Attitude) - shortcoming they have this attitude of PATRIOTISM
leaving NATIONALISM
§ Maňana Habit (Procrastination) - causing delays - means to give more importance to unity by way
in accomplishing things of a cultural background, including language
§ Crab Mentality - they tend to push each other and heritage
down to clear the way for their own gain. - aim of acquiring and maintaining the nations
§ Hypocrisy - criticism to others failure to live with sovereignty over its country of origin
the moral standards of the society are inevitable.
§ Ningas Cogon - very good at the start when doing TYPES OF NATIONALISM
something. § Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)
§ Tardiness (Filipino Time) - “Filipino time‟ but not Involves the concept of a shared culture among
exactly referring to the Philippine standard time, but group members, and generally a shared language.
then again, we used it to refer to the “tardiness”
§ Gossiping - talking about others‟ business. § Civic Nationalism (Civil Nationalism)
§ Blaming - we do not want to take the blame; we The state derives political legitimacy from its citizens
lack humility to accept our failures active involvement reflects the “will of the individuals.”
§ Selfishness (being insensitive of others) -
insensitive to the needs and situations of others. § Expansionist nationalism
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“QARC, where there is Quality Assurance”
 argues the right of the state to expand its boundaries at o A nationalist may be narrow-minded. He may think
the cost of its neighbors. in terms of his own country and hate all those who
are not in countrymen.
§ Cultural Nationalism
The country is described by shared culture, not solely SYMBOLS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATION
civic or ethnic. The Philippine Flag - with red, white, and blue colors and a
Chinese nationalism is an instance of cultural yellow sun representing the provinces of the country.
nationalism

§ Third World Nationalism

Outcome of opposition to colonial rule to survive
and maintain a domestic identity.

§ Religious Nationalism
Shared religion contributes to a sense of domestic National Anthem “Lupang Hinirang”
unity and a mutual bond composed by Julian Felipe

§ Stateless Nationalism - ethnic or cultural minority National Flower “sampaguita” which is generally known as
within a nation-state aims independence. the Arabian Jasmine.
Its white color symbolizes purity, simplicity,
§ Revolutionary Nationalism humility and strength.
- ideological theory that calls for domestic
groups united by a shared sense of intent and National Tree Narra” generally known as rosewood.
destiny, also known as radical nationalism. It was made official by Gov. Gen. Frank Murphy

PATRIOTISM National Bird “Philippine Eagle” scientifically known as

- Patriotism or national pride Pithecophaga Jefferyi
- sense of love, dedication and attachment to a
country National Gem “Philippine Pearl”
It is scientifically known as Pinctada Maxima.
KINDS OF PATRIOTISM
Patriotism of Duty National Sport
- This is military service patriotism and other Arnis is to the Philippines
selfless sacrifice types. It’s both a martial art and a sport

Patriotism of affection Dr. Jose P. Rizal - the national hero of the Philippines.
- This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about Carinosa or Tinikling - the Philippine national dance.
one’s internal desire for his country’s well- “Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” - are the
being. Philippine national songs.

Patriotism of Manners SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

- This is custom patriotism, written and The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the
unwritten. Spanish friars was one of the effects of Europe’s spreading
of liberal ideas.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONALISM AND
PATRIOTISM January 20, 1872
NATIONALISM PATRIOTISM 200 Filipino troops and employees, led by Sgt. Fernando La
people’s feelings of people’s feelings of affection for Madrid, took control of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite,
affection for their nation their nation mutinied against Spaniards.
belief that one’s nation is country’s positive values – like
superior to all others liberty, justice, and equality NOTE:
love, care of one’s native willingness and determination to The ring leaders were murdered and prosecuted by La
land lay down one’s life for the Madrid, accusing the GOMBURZA as the rebellion’s
fatherland mastermind.
o A patriot loves his own country, but he does not
hate the people of other countries. GOMBURZA – refers to the three martyrs:
o A nationalist might consider his own nation q Father Mariano Gomez
important and hate the people of other nations. participated in secularization but no longer active in
o A patriotic is international in his outlook. He is 1872
broad-minded and tolerant. q Father Jose Burgos
involved in the issue of secularization.
q Father Jacinto Zamora
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 victim of mistaken identity since the warrant of
arrest was addressed to a certain
• Jose Zamora, a known critic Spanish
Government at that time.

Francisco Zaldua
a bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA

February 17, 1872

the day of execution of the 3 priest at Luneta (Bagumbayan) SECTION 2. DECLARATION OF POLICY
• Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded
Propaganda - refers to the systematic efforts to spread the flag, the anthem, and other national symbols
opinion and beliefs by means of pen and tongue; which embody the national ideals and traditions and
which express the principles of sovereignty and
Dr. Jose P. Rizal (José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso national solidarity.
Realonda)
Regarded as the conscience of the movement and SECTION 3. DEFINITION OF TERMS
the most prolific writer among the propagandists. • Military - shall mean all branches of the Armed
His pen names Dimasalang and laong laan “Father of Forces of the Philippines including the Philippine
Philippine Nationalism,” National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology, and the Bureau of Fire Protection;
THE FOUNDING AND RELEVANCE OF KATIPUNAN

• Festoon - shall mean to hang in a curved shape

(Kataas-Taasan, kagalang-galangan na katipunan ng mga between two points as a decoration;
anak bayan or katipunan).

This was founded on July 7. 1892, same day that news about
Rizal‟s exile to Dapitan.

ANDRES BONIFACIO “Father of the Katipunan”

EMILIO JACINTO “Brain of the Katipunan.

RA 8491 FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE

PHILIPPINES • “National Flag” - shall
• The Philippine flag is a symbol of a nation's mean the National Flag and
independence. Ensign of the Philippines, unless
• It serves as the rallying point for people who want stated otherwise, used on land,
to demonstrate their unity and common aspirations air, and sea by public, private, and
military and shall refer to the flag
SECTION 1. TITLE or any other design that so
• These rules shall be known, cited and referred to as resembles it as likely to cause any
the “RULES AND REGULATIONS person to believe that it is the flag
IMPLEMENTING REPUBLIC ACT No. 8491, S. or design stated, expressed, or
1998, THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, provided in the Constitution of
ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS, AND the Philippines, R.A. No. 8491,
OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF and these Rules;
THE PHILIPPINES,”

“Fly” shall mean the part of the

flag outside the hoist or length;

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 “Hoist” - shall mean the sleeve or
heading; part of the flag nearest SECTION 5.
the staff or the canvass to which The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official
the halyard is attached; residences, public plazas, and institutions of learning every
day throughout the year.

SECTION 6.
The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night
throughout the year, in front of the following: at
• Symbol - shall mean any conventional sign which • Malacañang Palace;
reveals man's achievement and heroism (for orders • the Congress of the Philippines building;
and decorations), identification, authority and a sign • Supreme Court building;
of dignity (for coat-of-arms, logo and insignia); • the Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila;

NOTE:
The flag shall be properly illuminated at night.

SECTION 7.
The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and
residences or raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of
said buildings every
• April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan);
• Half-mast - shall mean
• May 1 (Labor Day);
lowering the flag to one-half
• May 28 (National Flag Day) to
the distance between the top
• June 12 (Independence Day);
and bottom of the staff;
• last Sunday of August (National Heroes
Day);
• November 30 (Bonifacio Day); and
• Halyard - shall mean the long • December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such
rope where the flag fastens other days as may be declared by the
and which runs up the length President and/or local chief executives.
of the flagpole;
SECTION 9.
The flag shall be flown on merchant
SECTION 4. ships of Philippine registry of more
The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with than one thousand (1000) gross tons
an eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed and on all naval vessels.
stars, as consecrated and honored by the people.
On board naval vessels, the flag
shall be displayed on the flag-staff
at the stern when the ship is at
anchor.

SECTION 10.
• The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its
blue field on top in time of peace and the red field
on top in time of war;
• if in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to
the right (left of the observer) in time of peace, and
the red field to the right (left of the observer) in
time of war.

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 SECTION 14.
• A flag worn out through wear and tear, shall not be
thrown away.
• It shall be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or
NOTE: desecration.
The National Flag could be knotted to signal that assistance • The flag shall be replaced immediately when it
is badly needed. begins to show signs of wear and tear.

SECTION 12.
When the Philippine flag is flown
with another flag, the flags, if both
are national flags, must be flown on
separate staffs of the same height
and shall be of equal size. The
Philippine flag shall be hoisted first
and lowered last. SECTION 15.
The flag shall be raised at
If the other flag is not a national sunrise and lowered at sunset.
flag, it may be flown in the same It shall be on the mast at the
lineyard as the Philippine flag but start of official office hours,
below the latter and it cannot be of shall remain flying
greater size than the Philippine flag. throughout the day.

SECTION 13.
When displayed with another flag,
the Philippine flag shall be on the SECTION 16. THE FLAG MAY BE DISPLAYED:
right of the other flag.

If there is a line of other flags, the

Philippine flag shall be in the a) Inside or outside a building or
middle of the line. on stationary flagpoles. If the flag
is displayed indoors on a
flagpole, it shall be placed at the
NOTE: left of the observer as one enters
• When displayed in a row or in a parade with flags the room;
of other countries, the National Flag shall be on the
left (observer’s point of view) of the other flags. b) From the top of a flagpole,
The flags of other countries should be arranged in which shall be at a prominent
alphabetical order from left to right. place or a commanding position
in relation to the surrounding
buildings;

NOTE:
The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the
Independence Flagpole at the Rizal Park, Manila.
• Height 45.72 m (150.0 ft)
NOTE: • The flagpole that is planted on the ground must be
• When displayed in a semi-circle of flags with other straight and slightly tapering at the top.
countries or house flags, the National Flag should • The minimum length of the National Flag is one
be at the center fourth (¼) the height of the flagpole,
• while maximum length of the National Flag is one-
third (1/3) the height of the flagpole.

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 • The flag shall be flown at
half-mast as a sign of mourning on
all the buildings and places where
c) From a staff projecting upward it is displayed, as provided for in
from the window sill, canopy, balcony this Act, on the day of official
or facade of a building; announcement of the death of any
of the following officials:

a) The President or a former

President, for ten (10) days;
d) In a suspended position from a rope
b) The Vice-President, the Chief
extending from a building to pole
Justice, the President of the
erected away from the building;
Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, for
e) Flat against the wall vertically with
seven (7) days; and
the sun and stars on top;
c) Other persons to be determined
by the Institute, for any period
less than seven (7) days
f) Hanging in a vertical position across
a street, with the blue field pointing SECTION 24.
east, if the road is heading south or • The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the
north, or pointing north if the road is honored dead of the military, veterans of previous
heading east or west. wars, national artists, and of civilians who have
rendered distinguished service to the nation, as
may be determined by the local government unit
concerned.
SECTION 17.
• The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered • In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the
ceremoniously. white triangle shall be at the head and the blue
portion shall cover the right side of the caskets.
• The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the • The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or
ground, flood, water or other objects. allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded
solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the
deceased.

NOTE:
NOTE: • No object must be put on top of the National Flag,
• After being lowered, the except for religious object that symbolize “God
flag shall be handled and above Country.”
folded solemnly as part of
the ceremony. SECTION 26.
• The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is
declared as Flag Days, during which period all
offices, agencies and instrumentalities of
SECTION 18. government, business establishments, institutions
• All government offices and educational institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to
shall henceforth observe the flag-raising ceremony display the flag.
every Monday morning and the flag lowering
ceremony every Friday afternoon. The ceremony Prohibited Acts
shall be simple and dignified and shall include the SECTION 32. IT SHALL BE PROHIBITED:
playing or singing of the Philippine National a) To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt or
Anthem. commit any act or omission casting dishonor or ridicule
upon the flag or over its surface;
b) To dip the flag to any person or object by way of
compliment or salute;

c) To use the flag:

• As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
• As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other
objects;
SECTION 23. • As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of
motor vehicles;
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 • As a staff or whip; Science
• For unveiling monuments or statues; and • Leadership is influenced by relationships and
• As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or people.
agricultural labels or designs. • develop our understanding of how people behave
d) To display the flag: through behavioral science and psychology.
• Under any painting or picture;
• Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted “Leadership is self-governance”,
aloft and be allowed to fall freely; - individual must lead himself first before he can
lead others.
• Below any platform; or
• In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, Self-Leadership
casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or where - ability to lead yourself to achieve your personal
frivolity prevails. and professional goals and objectives
e) To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or
uniform; THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
f) To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, BOSS LEADER
advertisement, or imprint of any nature on the flag; Demand Coaches
g) To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on Relies on Authority Relies on Goodwill
handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and other articles of Issues Ultimatus Generates Enthusiasm
merchandise; Says “I” Says “We”
h) To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies Uses People Develops People
and other diplomatic establishments, and in offices of Takes Credit Gives Credit
international organizations; Places the Blame Accepts Blame
i) To use, display or be part of any advertisement or Says “Go” Says “Let Go”
infomercial; and My way is the only way Strength in Unity
j) To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied
by aliens. Theories of Leadership
Great Man Theory
PENALTIES • sometimes called the trait theory, suggests that good
Section 50. leaders are born.
Any person or juridical entity which violates any of the • They have innate traits and skills that make them
provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by great, and these are things that cannot be taught
a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000) nor more or learned.
than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000), or by imprisonment
for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and Power Theory
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That • highly effective leaders with great power may seem
for any second and additional offenses, both fine and highly efficient and get things done quickly.
imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, further, • However, most employee’s don't appreciate power
That in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, leadership.
its President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be
liable. Relationship Theory
• Focuses on leaders who are mainly concerned
about their interactions with others.
• They are often mentors for employees, leaders are
CHARACTER FORMATION WITH LEADERSHIP, focused on making work enjoyable for as many
DECISION MAKING, MANAGEMENT & people as possible, and they want to foster a positive
ADMINISTRATION work environment.
Leadership
the ability of an individual or a group of individuals Behavioral Theory
to influence and guide followers or other members of an • Focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that
organization. these traits can be copied by other leaders.
• the best predictor of leadership success is viewing
“Leadership is an art, a craft and a science.” how a leader acts.
Art Contingency Theory
A person that cannot put others before themselves can never • sometimes called Situational Theory
be a truly effective leader. • A leader’s effectiveness is directly determined by
the situational context.
Craft
It is a craft in that it is developed by seeing, doing and DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES
learning. Autocratic leadership
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 - make decisions on their own without - cognitive process selection of a belief or a
consulting subordinates. course of action among several possible
alternative options. It could be
Democratic Leadership either rational or irrational.
- subordinates are involved in making decisions.
Strategic Leadership Style TYPES OF DECISION MAKING
- leader who is essentially the head of an § Programmed decisions
organization. - repetitive in nature routine job and
Ex: Coach responsibilities.

Transformational Leadership § Non programmed decisions

- motivate others to do more than they originally - not a routine or repetitive nature. Unique and
intended new and they have a long-lasting effect.

Team Leadership FOUR STYLES OF DECISION-MAKING

- working with the hearts and minds of all those DIRECTIVE DECISION-MAKING
involved - very rational and have little tolerance for
- cooperative relationships. uncertainty.
Their decision are rooted in their own intelligence,
Cross-Cultural Leadership experience and reasoning.
- who work in the contemporary globalized
market. ANALYTIC DECISION MAKING
(Work with Different Culture) - analyze a lot of details rely on direct
Facilitative Leadership observation, data, and facts to back their
- dependent on measurements and outcomes – decision.
not a skill
CONCEPTUAL DECISION MAKING
Laissez-faire Leadership (Free-rein) - promote innovative thinking teamwork and
- gives authority to employees, takes hands-off take a wide variety of viewpoints.
passive approach in dealing with his
subordinates BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING
- make sure everyone is working together well
Transactional Leadership the community is given the choices available to
- whereby followers get immediate, tangible them rather than brainstorming.
rewards for carrying out the leader’s orders.
MANAGEMENT
Coaching Leadership It is sum of organized activities by a group of people.
- teaching and supervising followers. (followers Good management is the backbone of successful
are helped to improve their skills) organizations.

Charismatic Leadership VARIOUS MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

- leader manifests his or her revolutionary power. • They have described the major functions of
Transformation of followers’ values and Administration in the book “The Science of
beliefs. Administration” using the acronym (POSDCoRB).

Visionary Leadership • Planning

- steps and processes of leadership are all - preparation of an outline of things to be done
obtained with and through people. • Organizing
- process of allocating authority, responsibility
Bureaucratic Leader and accountability to people
- “Go by the book” type of leadership. • Staffing
- Processes and regulations are followed - providing competent men to do the job and
according to policy with no room for flexibility. choosing the right men to the right jobs.
• Directing
Servant Leader - giving of authoritative instructions, orders,
- leader being a servant to the team first before • Coordinating
being a leader. - Harmonious adjustment of functioning of
- A servant leader strives to serve the needs of tasks, directed toward a common goal.
their team above their own. • Reporting
- making of detailed account of activities
DECISION MAKING • Budgeting

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 - highest reasonable expectations of operating - suggested basic classes of needs, or motives,
efficiency with regard to financial factor influencing human behavior.

THE TRADITIONAL & CONTEMPORARY

FOUNDATIONS OF MANAGEMENT
Classical Approach – focused on aspects of organizations and
ignoring the human aspects.
A.1 Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor)
• It is focused on methods of increasing worker
productivity.
• Workers are motivated primarily by economic
rewards

Hawthorne Study (Elton Mayo)

• When special attention is paid to employees by
management, productivity is likely to increase.

ADMINISTER
The word ‘administer’ is derived from the Latin word
“administere”, which means to care for or to look after
people, to manage affairs

ADMINISTRATION
An organizational process concerned with the
implementation of objectives and plans

This includes creating rules & regulations, making

decisions, management of operations, creating
organization of staff/employees/people to direct activities
Bureaucratic Management (Max Weber, 1864 – 1920) towards achieving a common goal or objective.
• Division of Labor based on a specified sphere of
competence
• Hierarchy of authority where its lower office is under
the control and supervision of a higher one.
• Specified set of rules applied uniformly throughout
the organization
• Selection and promotion based on competence.

THEORY X AND Y (Douglas McGregor, 1960)

Theory X
Management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will
avoid work if they can and that they inherently dislike work.
Theory Y
• Assumes employees may be ambitious and self-
motivated and exercise self-control.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY

• Abraham Maslow

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