6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

Ch 6.3 Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams

Li Ho Nin
Name: _________________________ IF
Class: ___________

Objective: Learn how to construct and interpret stem-and-leaf diagrams and back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagrams.

Key Points
Stem-and-leaf diagram
It is a statistical chart which can retain the values of all the data.
e.g. 16, 20, 25, 28, 31, 31, 32, 36, 37

&
The above data can be presented by the following stem-and-leaf diagram.
Stem (10)& Leaf (1)
1 6 (x10 + 6 + 1 = 16
- -

2 0 5 8 2 x10 + 5 x1 = 25
3 1 1 2 6 7
Note: A useful stem-and-leaf diagram should have at least 3 stems in order to show the distribution of the data.

1. The amounts of money (in $) spent by 15 children on buying Christmas gifts for their parents
are given below.
--
142, --------
115, 120, 142, 138, 130, 138, 135, 100, 125, 122, 130, 140, 130, 115
Rearrange the data：
100 , 115, 115 120 , 122 125 130 , 130
,
,
, ,
130 135 , 138 140 142
,
, , 142 ,

(a) Complete the following stem-and-leaf diagram to present the above data.
① Amounts of money spent by 15 children
on buying Christmas gifts
do not leave blank
② Stem ($10) Leaf ($1)
$100 - 10 0 -7100 The number of
↓ 55 total
leafs
no
=

③ 12 025
of data
13 000588
14 072

9
(b) ___________ students spent $130 or above on buying Christmas gift for their parents.

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 6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

2. The data below show the marks of 20 students in an oral examination.

-
43 48 46
- -----
56 48 64 66 56 57 69
---
60 54 62 80 ---- -
- 65 85 80 82 64 85
(a) Draw a stem-and-leaf diagram to present the above data.
(b) What is the difference between the highest and the lowest marks in the oral examination?
Solution The marks of 20 students in
an oral examination
(a)
Stemlmarks) Leaf llmarks)
(b) 85- 43
3688
4667
& 244569
= 42 marks

00255

3. The stem-and-leaf diagram below shows the prices of skirts in a department store. ~ Example

Prices of skirts in a department store

Stem ($100) Leaf ($1)
0 ------
80 85 90 90 90 95

-111/
1 10 20 20 50 80 80 85
2 ~ ----
00 20 35 50 50 65 80 80 90 90
3 -------
00 00 12 50 50 55 85

(a) How many skirts are there in the store?

(b) How many skirts are with prices $200 or below?
(c) In the department store, items with prices above $250 are on sale. Find the percentage of
skirts that are on sale.
Solution
(a) (c) * 400%
30 skirts 38

= 100%
(b) It skirts = 40 %

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 6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

4. The stem-and-leaf diagram on the right shows the Ages of 25 participants in a cooking class
ages of 25 participants in a cooking class. It is Stem (10) Leaf (1)
known that the difference between the ages of
1 --
a 2 4 7---
8 8
the oldest and the youngest participants is 35. 12
(finding unknowns) 1 4 5 6-
2 --- 6 7 8
-- -9 9
(a) Find the values of a and b. 3 ------
0 3 5 6 6 7
(b) What percentage of participants are younger 4 ----
0 1 7 b
than 30?
(c) Are there more than 60% of the participants
older than 25? Explain your answer.
47
Solution
40 + b (10 + a) = 35
#
(a) (b)
-

a can
be ,1
0 or 2 x100 %

%
b can be 7 ,
8 or 9

a= 2

=
60 %
b = 7
-60%
(c)
x 100%
t
= 64%
: 64%> 60 %

i .
Yes .

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 6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

Key Points
Back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram
It is a statistical chart which can compare two sets of data of the same type.
e.g. The following show the ages of the members in volunteer teams A and B.
A: 12, 16, 18, 21, 25, 26, 35
B: 11, 14, 20, 24, 29, 33, 39
The above data can be presented by the following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram.
Ages of the members in volunteer teams A and B
Team A Team B
Leaf (1) Stem (10) Leaf (1)
8 6 2 1 1 4
6 5 1 2 0 4 9
5 3 3 9
5. The following data show the numbers of WhatsApp messages sent by Ron and Janice in each
month in 2019.
Ron:
-----------
58 59 59 60 64 65 65 65 69 71 75 75
Janice:

----------
57 63 65 65 66 70 72 72 74 75 77 78
(a) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to present the above data.
(b) (i) Find the least number of messages sent by Janice in a month in 2019.
(ii) In how many months did Ron send less than 70 messages?
Solution
Janice

I ↓
(a) Rom

leaf(/message) Stem 10
message) leaf (l
message)
5 7
9 98
6 3556
045559

0224578
155 7

(b) (i)

5) messages
(ii)
9 months

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 6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

6. Below are the test scores of a group of students before and after joining a tutorial class:
Before joining the tutorial class:
25 --
65 45 64 -
34 - -
57 54 -
29 --
46 38
-
43 57 -36 -
62 50
- 26 - 45
52 -- 37 41
~
- -
After joining the tutorial class:
-
45 - 57
62 - 86
-
82 ~ 73 77
- 40 69
- -
52
88
~
85- -- ----
73 51 69 39 53 64 44
- -
68
(a) Construct a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to present the above data.
(b) Find the difference between the numbers of students who got 50 or above before and after
joining the tutorial class.
(c) Percy’s test score was 29 before joining the tutorial class. After joining the class, her test
score is higher than 25% of the students in the group. Find the increase in Percy’s test

Afterjoininga
[Link]
joining
Stem (10 marks)
leafs Imarks) marks)

569 2

4678 · 5
I 556
1237
02477
6 24 899
2 45 337

3 2568

16 -8

= 8

52-29

= 23

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 6 Introduction to Statistics and Statistical Charts

7. The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the scores of the students in S1A
and S1B in a Speech Contest.
Scores of the students in S1A and S1B in the Speech Contest
S1A S1B
Leaf (1) Stem (10) Leaf (1)
8 6 6 6 9
8 6 6 5 5 4 0 0 0 7 3 3 6 8 9 9 9
8 6 5 5 5 2 2 1
- 8 0 2 2 2 2 5 7 8---
8 9
9 0 2
--

(a) How many students attended the contest in each class?

(b) How many students got below 75 marks in each class?
(c) How many students got 88 marks or above in the Speech Contest?
(d) Which group of students attained better results in the Speech Contest on the whole?
Explain your answer.
Solution
SLATIO 20
SIB
=
(a)

(b) SIAF) SIB = 3

(c)
SIA = 1 SIB = 5

80 marks
(d) For SIB , there are more student
got
or above