In previous classes,
we have learnt about
whole numbers,
decimals and
fractions, such as 0,
𝟏
9, 5.8 and .
𝟑
Positive Numbers:
Numbers that are
greater than 0 are
called ‘positive
numbers’.
𝟓
Such as 8, 9.8, .
𝟕
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Negative Numbers:
Numbers that are
less than 0 are called
‘negative numbers’.
𝟏
Such as -100, -1.1, -
𝟖
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Use of Negative Numbers
in the Real World
Negative Numbers Are Used to
Measure Temperature
Negative Numbers Are Used to
Measure Under Sea Level
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
INTEGERS
What is an
Integer?
• An integer is a whole
number, including 0.
…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…
Note:
0 is neither a positive
nor a negative integers.
Number Line
There are
“4”
Integer
Operations
4 Integer Operations
• Addition +
• Subtraction -
• Multiplication x
• Division ÷
Addition
+2
-1
0
Add 3+2
3+2=5
Add 3+(-2)
3+(-2)=1
Subtraction
-3-(-2)
Subtraction
-3-(+2)
-3-(+2)= -5
Subtraction
+2-(+5)
+2-(+5)= -3
Rule #1 for
Adding Integers (+)
• The sum of two positive integers is
always positive.
5 + 1 = 6
Rule #2 for
Adding Integers (+)
• The sum of two negative integers is
always negative.
-5 + (-1) = -6
Rule #3 for
Adding Integers (+)
• The sum of a positive and a negative
integer could be positive, negative, or
zero.
Rule #3 for Adding
Integers Continued
• When you add a positive and
negative integer, you are really
subtracting. Then, you give the
answer the sign of the greater
absolute value.
5 + (-1) = 4
-5 + 1 = -4
-5 + (-5) = 0
Addition of integers
The sum of two positive integers is always positive.
3+2=
The sum of two negative integers is always negative.
-3 +(-4).
If the signs are different then find the difference and
give sign of larger number.
-2 + 1=
The sum of a positive and a negative integer could be
positive, negative, or zero
Let’s Practice “Addition”
1) 5+6=
• -3 + (-2) =
• -6 + 5 =
• 8 + (-7) =
• -9 + 9 =
✓ Let’s Check
1) 5 + 6 = 11
• -3 + (-2) = -5
• -6 + 5 = -1
• 8 + (-7) = 1
• -9 + 9 = 0
Subtracting Integers (-)
• To subtract an integer, add its
opposite.
• You will need to correctly change all
subtraction problems into addition
problems!
There are three steps:
1. Keep the first integer the same.
(Same)
2. Change the subtraction sign into an
addition sign. (Change)
3. Take the opposite of the number
that immediately follows the newly
placed addition sign. (Change)
Think …
Same, Change, Change
Examples:
➢ 5 – (-2) = 5+2 = 7
➢ -5 – 2 = -5 + (-2) = -7
HW
HW
HW
HW
• A) Always true. Adding two positive integers gives a greater positive integer. (e.g. 5
+ 7 = 12)
• b) Always true. Adding two negative integers gives a lower negative integer. (e.g. −5
+ (−7) = −5 − 7 = −12)
• c) Sometimes true. This depends on the sizes of the two integers. (e.g. 7−5=2 but 5
− 7 = −2)
• d) Always true. Subtracting a negative integer has the same effect as adding a
positive integer. (e.g. 5 − (−7) = 5 + 7 = 12)
• e) Always true. Subtracting a positive integer has the same effect as adding a
negative integer. (e.g. −7 − 5 = −12)
• f) Sometimes true. Subtracting a negative integer has the same effect as adding a
positive integer. If the second integer is smaller than the first, then the answer is
negative. (e.g. −7 − (−5) = −7 + 5 = −2). If the second integer is larger than the first,
then the answer is positive. (e.g. −5 − (−7) = −5 + 7 = 2)
Rules for
Multiplying Integers (x)
• The product of two integers with the
same signs is POSITIVE.
• The product of two integers with
different signs is NEGATIVE.
Rules Summary for
Multiplication
• Positive x Positive = Positive
• Negative x Negative = Positive
• Positive x Negative= Negative
• Negative x Positive = Negative
Let’s Practice “Multiplication”
1) 6 x (-3) =
2) 3 x 3 =
3) -4 x 5 =
4) -6 x (-2) =
5) -7 x (-8) =
• The rules for division are exactly
the same as those for multiplication.
• If we were to take the rules for
multiplication and change the
multiplication signs to division signs,
we would have an accurate set of
rules for division.
✓ Let’s Check
1) 6 x (-3) = -18
2) 3 x 3 = 9
3) -4 x 5 = -20
4) -6 x (-2) = 12
5) -7 x (-8) = 56
Rules for
Dividing Integers (÷)
• The quotient of two integers with
the same signs is POSITIVE.
• The quotient of two integers with
different signs is NEGATIVE.
Rules Summary for
Division
• Positive ÷ Positive = Positive
• Negative ÷ Negative = Positive
• Positive ÷ Negative= Negative
• Negative ÷ Positive = Negative
