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Interpersonal
Prominence
and International
Presence
Interpersonal
Prominence
and International
Presence:

Implicitness Constructed
and Translated in Diplomatic
Discourse

By

Junfeng Zhang
Interpersonal Prominence and International Presence:
Implicitness Constructed and Translated in Diplomatic Discourse

By Junfeng Zhang

This book first published 2015

Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Copyright © 2015 by Junfeng Zhang

All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior permission of the copyright owner.

ISBN (10): 1-4438-7700-X

ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7700-8
To my parents, my wife, and my daughter
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................. x

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ xi

CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................. 1

THE INTERPERSONAL PROMINENCE OF DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE

CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................... 20

IMPLICITNESS IN DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................ 43

A LEXICAL MODEL

CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................... 59

LEXICOGRAMMATICAL METAPHOR: A REVIEW OF METAPHOR THEORIES

CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................ 91
LEXICOGRAMMATICAL METAPHOR AS THE LINGUISTIC MECHANISM:
A CASE STUDY

CHAPTER SIX............................................................................................ 109

THE AIR COLLISION INCIDENT

CHAPTER SEVEN ...................................................................................... 138

FROM INTERPERSONAL TO INTERNATIONAL: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL
MODEL OF TRANSLATING IMPLICITNESS IN DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 169

BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 174

 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 2.1................................................................................................... 25
Linguistic and non-linguistic ambiguity

Figure 2.2................................................................................................... 26
Unintentional and intentional ambiguity

Figure 3.1................................................................................................... 50
The (re)configuration of yanhai/jinhai in English

Figure 3.2................................................................................................... 56
A tentative model of creating and translating lexical implicitness in DD

Figure 4.1................................................................................................... 73
The congruent – metaphorical cline

Figure 4.2................................................................................................... 83
Congruent realization and lexicogrammatical metaphor

Figure 5.1................................................................................................... 96
Creating implicitness in DD with LGM

Figure 5.2................................................................................................. 106

A model of creating and translating implicitness in DD

Figure 7.1................................................................................................. 144

Speech acts and (in)congruent forms

Figure 7.2................................................................................................. 159

Repackaging the extracted apology in the Chinese version

Table 3.1 .................................................................................................... 49

Text types in the data

Table 4.1 .................................................................................................... 62

Componential analysis for Juliet and the Sun
 List of Figures and Tables ix

Table 4.2 .................................................................................................... 70

Congruent realizations of speech functions

Table 4.3 .................................................................................................... 88

The (in)congruent forms used by the Secretary General of UN

Table 5.1 .................................................................................................... 94

The metaphorical contact in the U.S. web release

Table 5.2 .................................................................................................. 100

SD and FM Chinese versions of Sentence 2 and their back translations

Table 5.3 .................................................................................................. 102

SD and FM Chinese versions of Sentence 3 and their back translations

Table 6.1 .................................................................................................. 130

Saying “I am sorry” in Chinese

Table 7.1 .................................................................................................. 154

ᫎ⇱ used as verb

Table 7.2 .................................................................................................. 154

ᫎ⇱ used as part of a modifier

Table 7.3 .................................................................................................. 157

The use and translation of ⅹ(apology) in the data

Table 7.4 .................................................................................................. 159

“㖾ᯩ䚃ⅹ” vs. “㖾ᯩ␡㺘ⅹ᜿”
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book is derived in part from an article by the same author

previously published in {Perspectives: Studies in Translatology} {January
2014} {copyright Taylor & Francis/Society}, available online at: http://
www.tandfonline.com/{DOI:10.1080/0907676X.2012.718354}. The author
would like to thank Taylor & Francis for giving permission to expand the
article into the present book.
This book is funded by The Chinese Ministry of Education Humanities
and Social Sciences Foundation [2014ᮉ㛢䜘Ӫ᮷⽮、亩ⴞ“ѝഭཆӔ䈍
䈝ѝⲴ‘ਜ਼㫴’৺ަ㤡䈁⹄ウ”˄亩ⴞਧ14YJA740056˅Project Name “A
Study on the Implicitness in Chinese Diplomatic Discourse and Its
Translation into English”, Project No. 14YJA740056] and the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
I would like to thank Professor Chunshen Zhu for being such a great
PhD supervisor and mentor at City University of Hong Kong, where
earlier drafts of this book were written and submitted as a PhD thesis. My
gratitude goes to Professor Randy LaPolla and Dr. Dory Poa for their
valuable counseling and gracious hospitality when I was doing my pre-
doctoral research at La Trobe University on an Endeavour Research
Fellowship back in 2009.
Last but not least, I thank Christina L Jen for proofreading the final
draft of the book.
Mistakes or errors in the book, if any, are solely mine.
 INTRODUCTION

Language is deceptive; and though English is subtle it also allows a clever

person—one alert to the ambiguities of English—to play tricks with mock
precision and to combine vagueness with politeness. English is perfect for
diplomats and lovers. (Cited in Channell 1994: 1)

American travel writer and novelist Paul Theroux made the above
observation in his short story collection The London Embassy. I agree with
him, on the last sentence in particular.
Back in 2001, when I was a graduate student in the Master’s program
of American Studies at the University of Kansas, an air-collision involving
an American EP-3 reconnaissance plane and one of two intercepting
Chinese F-8 fighters occurred around 104 kilometers off the Chinese
Hainan Island in the South China Sea. Due to the impact of the collision,
the Chinese F-8 and its pilot were lost and the severely crippled EP-3
managed to land in Lingshui Airfield, a Chinese Navy base in Hainan
Island from which the two intercepting jet-fighters had been sent. A
diplomatic impasse between the People’s Republic of China and the
United States of America ensued when the two nations carried out verbal
battles over the release of the EP-3 crew, the return of the EP-3 to the
United States, the construction of a U.S. apology, and the amount of
reparation China should get. It was the constructed and then translated
“two very sorries” letter that defused the volatile situation. As I remember,
when the EP-3 crew went home just before Easter that year, a professor
lecturing on Cold War ideology said, “Thank God we speak English and
the Chinese are willing to understand.”
As a Chinese national, I studied the letter as well as its various Chinese
versions. Later, I learned that the letter was negotiated, and therefore in a
sense, jointly constructed in English by diplomats from both nations. A
comparison of the letter and its different Chinese counterparts validated
Theroux’s assertion. Two other things were also revealed in the
comparison: a) Chinese is a perfect language for diplomats, too; and b)
translation was the key to unlocking the impasse. This personal experience
spurred me to look further into the diplomatic discourse (DD) in question.
Turning this spontaneous curiosity into an academic inquiry is what this
book is all about. A preliminary review of literature of diplomatic
xii Introduction

discourse and translation studies shows that there has been a dearth of
relevant studies that examine this topic.
On September 10th, 2008, I made a phone call to the translation office
of China’s Foreign Ministry. In the phone inquiry, I was informed that the
translation is carried out by in-house translators under supervision. Apart
from that, I also learned that the translating guidelines for translators to
follow are “accuracy” and “completeness.” When I pointed out that some
of the cases in translating the web-released texts of the incident did not
seem to be very accurate and complete, the female translator who received
my call responded that it should then be my job to validate my assertion
and uncover the reasons, because I was the one who planned to undertake
this academic investigation.
Entrusted with the job of undertaking the academic inquiry, I began to
look for a linguistic mechanism that can be employed for creating
implicitness and a theoretical model with which translational treatment of
the implicitness can be accounted for. Since the air-collision incident
triggered this study, I will take China’s Foreign Ministry’s web coverage, in
both Chinese and English, as my data corpus. Textual analysis and
comparison will be carried out with reference to accessible literature on the
incident. There will be two components of the literature: a) those from non-
academic sources; and b) academic research from a multitude of disciplines.
My theoretical framework consists of two parts: a linguistic
mechanism identified as Lexicogrammatical Metaphor (LGM) and an
expanded Structure of Meaning (SOM) model for evaluating translational
treatment. It is argued that LGM is capable of creating implicitness,
among other functions it can perform. LGM is a combination of
Conceptual Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics and Grammatical Metaphor
in Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is hypothesized that the implicitness
at issue starts with choice in lexicon and ends with grammatical
configuration in the lexicogrammatical plane of a language. Within an
LGM applied successfully for generating implicitness in diplomatic
discourse, the lexical choice is aimed to control or channel message
recipients’ cognition while the grammatical configuration further
strengthens the conception via (un)packaging information components in
the intended message, be it constructed in ST through intralingual
translation or rendered into a TT through interlingual translation.
The original SOM model (Zhu 1996) is expanded to suit the need of
analyzing implicitness produced and translated in diplomatic discourse.
The expansion allows for an account of perlocutionary imaging peculiar to
diplomatic discourse generated in a diplomatic crisis. It is deemed
necessary in that perlocutionary imaging, as shall be explained in Chapter
 Interpersonal Prominence and International Presence xiii

Seven, incorporates into the model an awareness of how concerns of face

and national interest work together to initiate implicitness and its
translation in diplomatic discourse. It is hoped that the augmented
awareness in the model can throw more light on the relations between
diplomatic intention and textual effect and between linguistic attempt and
perlocutionary achievement.
There are altogether seven chapters and a conclusion in this book. The
first five chapters identify, establish, and justify LGM as the linguistic
mechanism for (re)creating implicitness in DD. Relevant literature on the
air-collision incident is reviewed in Chapter Six. A discussion of the
interpersonal prominence of implicit DD in relation to speech act theory is
given in Chapter Seven to argue, on the basis of data analysis, that
perlocutionary imaging should be the third dimension in an expanded
SOM. In light of the established LGM notion and the refined SOM model,
the Conclusion summarizes the implications of the case study. A more
detailed account of the chapters is given below.
Chapter One examines such terms as diplomacy, diplomatic discourse,
and implicitness. Diplomacy is viewed as an interest-bound dynamic
verbal activity. Diplomatic discourse often demonstrates the design/scripted
feature, which makes DD interpersonally prominent. In DD created to be
evasive, implicitness is the goal pursued by the DD producer. Implicitness
is taken as a context-bound linguistic phenomenon in use, usually with an
intentional deprivation of the knowledge supposedly shared between
participants in a smooth and clear communicative act, to create multiple
readings of the linguistic form and/or to confuse a target audience.
Chapters Two, Three, and Four record the process of identifying a
possible linguistic mechanism that is capable of creating implicitness in DD.
Previous research in this regard is summarized in Chapter Two. In this
chapter, four basically lexical phenomena of implicitness, i.e., ambiguity,
vagueness, fuzziness, and generality (Zhang 1998), are explored and
contrasted with examples found in DD. A tentative lexical model for
creating implicitness in DD through intralingual translation and/or
interlingual translation is attempted in Chapter Three. However, a closer
look at the use of contact discussed in Chapter Three informs us that
implicitness in DD often goes beyond the lexical level. This is why in
Chapter Four, after a review of theories of metaphor, LGM, an informed
blending of Conceptual Metaphor and Grammatical Metaphor, is identified
as the linguistic mechanism of creating implicitness in DD. The
identification of LGM as the mechanism also brings us to a hypothesis of the
priority of lexical choice in lexicogrammatical configuration of meaning.
The notion of LGM is then put to test in Chapter Five. The contact
xiv Introduction

example in Chapter Three is revisited and the “two very sorries” are examined
in the light of LGM. The lexical model suggested in Chapter Three is modified
for a more comprehensive model capable of textually accounting for
intralingually and/or interlingually generating implicitness in DD.
Relevant literature on the incident, both academic and non-academic, is
summarized in Chapter Six. The intentions of both nations are clearly
presented with supporting evidence from insider accounts. These revealed
intentions are significant in anchoring the comparison of diplomatic goals
and discursive means. A brief introduction to the case data corpus is also
given in this chapter.
An expanded SOM model is established in Chapter Seven. Based on
Zhu’s (1996) model and the interpersonal prominence of DD created for
the sake of implicitness, I revisit speech act theory in connection with the
dynamic nature of congruence in LGM. The deployment of LGMs in ST
and TT in the data is compared and analyzed. The resulting analysis
suggests that perlocutionary imaging should be the third dimension in the
SOM of the said DD.
The examination of the data also shows that national interest is the single
most significant factor in producing and translating implicitness in DD. It is
because of the national interest concern that some elements of information
are packaged into LGMs to create the implicitness. It is also because of this
factor that those elements are consciously manipulated discursively in
representing information in TT. The manipulative means include, but are not
limited to, omitting, amplifying, down-toning, and totally ignoring what is
presented in ST. Findings of the case study are summarized and their
possible applications are suggested in the Conclusion. For example, the
notion of LGM and the expanded SOM model are brought forward to
account for the implicitness produced and translated in DD generated in
conflict-resolution scenarios, but their validity still needs to be confirmed in
further applications with larger corpora.
If the observations made in the dissertation proves accurate, Theroux’s
reflection that “language is deceptive” and therefore “perfect for diplomats”
should be slightly modified to that language itself is not deceptive but
diplomats, out of national interest, can make the result of language use
deceptive. As the case study shows, this applies not only to the language of
English but also to other languages such as Chinese. Since any discussion of
deceptiveness involves language use instead of language, and translation
deals with language use within a language (intralingual) and/or between
language pairs (interlingual), Theroux’s assertion can be taken further to
include translation as a possible means “perfect for diplomats and lovers.”
 CHAPTER ONE
THE INTERPERSONAL PROMINENCE
OF DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE

Introduction
In this chapter, a definition of diplomatic discourse (DD) is to be given
and characteristics of DD are to be explored following a discussion of
examples of DD in use. The exploration will be done in light of the three
Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) meta-functions of language. It will
be argued that implicit DD is marked by an interpersonal prominence. This
interpersonal prominence is oftentimes achieved at the cost of textual clarity.

1. Diplomatic discourse and its features

As its modifier-head construction suggests, the term diplomatic
discourse designates a subtype of discourse the nature of which can be
understood through an analysis of the components of its “name”:
diplomatic and discourse. In the aligned order, I will look at the concepts
of “diplomacy” and “discourse.” Since diplomatic discourse is related to
diplomacy by nature, an understanding of diplomacy should enable us to
examine the features of this particular type of discourse. In what is to
follow, therefore, brief reviews of diplomacy and discourse will be
conducted. It will be argued that implicitness in diplomatic discourse
stems from its interpersonal prominence, i.e., interpersonal concerns about
both the production and translation of diplomatic discourse.

1.1. Diplomacy

In A Dictionary of Diplomacy (2nd edition), Berridge (2003) gives a

comprehensive definition of diplomacy, a term first coined by Edmund
Burke in 1796 for the traditional norm that governs its operation (i.e. the
first category in the definition). Berridge (2003: 69-70) regards diplomacy
2 Chapter One

as consisting of four categories:

Diplomacy: (1) The conduct of relations between sovereign states through

the medium of officials based at home or abroad, the latter being either
members of their state’s diplomatic service or temporary diplomats. Thus
diplomacy includes the stationing of representatives at international
organizations. But the backbone of diplomacy has … been the dispatch of
diplomatic missions to foreign states … As states are notional persons, they
cannot communicate in the manner of individuals, but must do so through
representative human persons. … Diplomacy is therefore the principal means
by which states communicate with each other, enabling them to have regular
and complex relations. (2) The use of tact in dealing with people. Diplomacy
in this sense is a skill which is hugely important in the conduct of diplomacy.
(3) Any attempt to promote international negotiations (particularly in
circumstances of acute crisis), whether concerning inter- or intra-state
conflicts; hence ‘track two diplomacy’. (4) Foreign policy. The use of the
word ‘diplomacy’ as a synonym for foreign policy, which is especially
common in the United States, can obscure the important distinction between
policy and the (non-violent) means by which it is executed.

What point (1) in the definition reveals about diplomacy, in a traditional

and yet very significant sense, is that diplomacy is in principle a means of
international communication via human representatives of states for the sake
of “enabling regular and complex relations” among nations. Regardless of
the mode and location in which diplomacy occurs, the human factor in
diplomacy plays a significant role. It is the human agents that carry out the
communication tasks, after all. The second point in the definition further
confirms the human factor by observing the employment of tact in dealing
with people when diplomacy is conducted. These two entries for diplomacy
in the dictionary clearly indicate the interpersonal characteristic of
diplomacy. Point (3) explains when diplomacy is needed (“in circumstances
of acute crisis”), and Point (4), while distinguishing foreign policy from
diplomacy in a vague manner, indicates that diplomacy is viewed as a
peaceful alternative for resolving a conflict by force.
Thus, diplomacy is featured as human communication, particularly
when crisis emerges, with the aim of achieving a possibly pacific
settlement of conflicts. By stressing human agency and the
conflict-resolving nature of diplomacy, of course, I do not wish to
downplay its routine and procedural aspects. In such circumstances as
establishing formal diplomatic ties, initiating joint peace-keeping projects,
 The Interpersonal Prominence of Diplomatic Discourse 3

signing trade and tariff agreements, and issuing joint statements on safety
and legal matters, diplomacy takes on a less confrontational and more
cooperative look.

1.2 Diplomacy as an interest-bound dynamic verbal activity

Researchers and practitioners of diplomacy agree that diplomacy is a

complex activity that is difficult to explain in just one phrase or sentence.
Though not immediately informative, the definitions offered in some other
dictionaries are indicative of the activity nature of diplomacy. For example,
Watson (1982: 10-11) found two dictionary definitions of diplomacy:
“the management of international relations by negotiation” (the Oxford
Dictionary) and “the conducting of relations between nations” (the
Webster’s Dictionary). In light of these definitions, it can be seen that
diplomacy involves the management of international relations (via
negotiations). As management of international relations is at its core,
diplomacy is an operation dynamic in nature (ibid.).
This dynamic nature finds its representations in verbal communication.
For instance, Watson (1982) regards diplomacy as “a dialogue.” Agreeing
with Berridge’s first point, Watson (1982: 33) stresses the verbal
characteristics of diplomacy, which he defines as the following:

[S]tates or political entities which wish to retain their independence,

whether within their existing boundaries or by forming a community or
union with some of their neighbors, are fated to communicate with other
states and unions outside their own. This negotiation between political
entities which acknowledge each other’s independence is called diplomacy.
(italics original)

A more detailed account of diplomatic means, agents, and task is put

forward by Barston (1997). For Barston (1997: 1), diplomacy is concerned
with the management of relations between states and between states and
other actors. For a given state, diplomacy is concerned with “advising,
shaping and implementing foreign policy.” As such, it is the means by
which states through their formal and other representatives as well as other
actors “articulate, coordinate and secure particular or wider interests, using
correspondence, private talks, exchange of views, lobbying, visits, threats
and other related activities” (ibid.). The central task of diplomacy, asserts
Barston (1997: 215), lies in “contributing to the pacific settlement of
4 Chapter One

disputes between involving states and/or other actors.”

The accounts of and reflections on diplomacy suggest that diplomacy
is in essence an interpersonal activity that involves negotiation aimed at a
possibly peaceful settlement of disputes. However, this peaceful aim does
not rule out the role of force in practice. In 1954, former Chinese Premier
Zhou Enlai explicated that “All diplomacy is continuation of war by other
means” (Freeman Jr. 1994: 102). Prussian diplomat Frederick the Great
once declared “that diplomacy without power was like an orchestra
without a score” (Watson 1982: 53). Bosnian scholar-diplomat Drazen
Pehar (2001) observes, “diplomacy is primarily words that prevents us
from reaching for swords” (italics original). Pehar substantiates his
observation by arguing that diplomats should be aware of their power of
materializing their aims. Bearing Pehar’s warning in mind, a diplomat
buttressed by swords could utilize the (exchange of) words, which might
seem aimless and empty at times, to maximize the potentiality of fulfilling
their agendas and make swords dispensable. Pehar’s metaphor implies that
words (or language) play a crucial role in “simulat[ing] real acting ….
[and] creat[ing] a different and healthier atmosphere in international
relations” (ibid.).
Although the interpretation of Pehar’s “different and healthier
atmosphere in international relations” is of an individualistic case-by-case
nature, his discussion of the relations between “words” and “swords” once
again illuminates that diplomacy is an alternative for armed conflicts, a
more subtle and more pleasant way of achieving particular goals in
handling international relations. Similar views are expressed by
researchers and practitioners of diplomacy such as Watson (1982: 20-21,
50) and Freeman Jr. (1994: 4) on how verbal power, in lieu of firepower,
serves as an instrument in creating and retaining a more civilized world for
the common welfare of human beings.
Diplomatic disputes occur simply because goals pursued by different
diplomatic agents bifurcate in times of a diplomatic emergency. In essence,
diplomacy is the extension and exercise of internal politics and power in
the international arena by independent states and/or political entities to
maximize their own interests (Schier 2000:73). The interests vary in
degree and kind with different world situations and internal circumstances.
With an aim of pacific settlement of disputes or one seemingly so as a
cover-up for employment of swords, a diplomatic event is idiosyncratic of
dialogues and negotiations, which is analogous to a battle, though this
battle is fought with words rather than swords.
Kurbalijia (2001) also notes the significance of this verbal battle. He
 The Interpersonal Prominence of Diplomatic Discourse 5

maintains that “text is central to diplomacy.” According to him, diplomatic

text is “the immediate or ultimate result of most diplomatic activities.”
These activities include negotiations, representations, diplomacy-related
social encounters, and relevant media coverage. All these dynamic
interactions are “crystallized in diplomatic documents” that represent the
“richness and complexity” of diplomacy (ibid.).
Impressions of and responses to the textual representations of
diplomacy range from “Diplomacy is the expression of national strength in
terms of gentlemanly discourse”, “Diplomacy is to speak French, to speak
nothing, and to speak falsehood,” to that diplomacy is to lie and deny in an
honorable and patriotic mode for one’s country. Since the art of deceit for
lubricating the “wheels of international relations” labeled as patriotic is
equated with diplomacy (Freeman Jr. 1994: 101), it follows naturally that
certain properties in the texts of diplomacy should be held responsible. In
the next part, I will look at what diplomatic discourse is and explore
possible textual properties that have made diplomacy synonymous to a
pack of honorable lies for one’s country.

1.3 Discourse and diplomacy

1.3.1 Discourse

The definition of discourse given in the Longman Dictionary of

Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics is the following: “A general
term for examples of language use, i.e. language which has been produced
as the result of an act of communication” (Richards, Platt and Platt 2000:
138). In the definition, discourse is referred to as covering a larger stretch
of language use, spoken or written. It is a larger language unit that could
be paragraphs, conversations and interviews instead of the smaller
language units that grammar deals with, such as phrases, clauses, and
sentences. Discourse analysis is thus the study of discourse, which for
some linguists can be further broken down into conversational analysis for
the study of spoken discourse and text linguistics for analysis of written
discourse (ibid.: 139).
There have been more efforts in defining discourse analysis than
making sense of discourse. The reason might be as Schiffrin (1997: 1)
explains, “Discourse analysis is a vast and ambiguous field.” However, the
definition of discourse can be elicited from what discourse analysis means
to different linguists, although they adopt various approaches for the
6 Chapter One

“analysis.” Brown and Yule (2000:1) emphasize that discourse is

“language in use” and direct our attention to studies of discourse on its
function rather than structure. Stubbs (1983:1) regards discourse as
“language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore…larger
linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts.” Leech
(1983: 10) takes a pragmatics perspective and believes discourse is “the
communicative use of language.”
Discourse therefore can be regarded as a language unit above the
sentence level in communicative use to perform specific function(s).
Discourse analysis, as Schiffrin (1997: 1-3) notes, is a vast and ambiguous
field due to the various study goals linguists pursue, for example,
sociolinguistics and pragmatics, among others. The diverse goals and
approaches found in discourse analysis might be both a curse and a
blessing. On the one hand, a discourse analyst in a hunt for an analytical
toolkit might wander into a scholarly terrain under the same label that
seems to be brand new. On the other hand, the specific approaches
linguists take in discourse analysis might be partial in others’ views but
could be of interest to attempts at presenting a comprehensive profile of
discourse analysis. For the purpose of our study, as the interest-bound,
verbal activity of diplomacy is dynamic, our study of diplomatic discourse
will be grounded in the functionalist approach.1 This functionalist
approach adopted for our investigation will include linguistic analytical
tools that are capable of analyzing our data, and more importantly,
addressing our research question, that is, translational treatment of
implicitness in diplomatic discourse generated around the Hainan Air
Collision Incident, regardless of their origins.

1.3.2 Diplomatic discourse

Thus far, I have identified the dynamic, verbal nature of diplomacy and
decided to take the functionalist approach to discourse analysis. Before I
attempt to provide a definition of diplomatic discourse, I will discuss the
notions of text and discourse, as their definitions often refer to the same
language unit but from different perspectives, i.e. formalist and
functionalist views of language.
Functionalist Schiffrin (1997: 3) takes the following key assumptions
as central to language:

Ɣ Language always occurs in a context.

Ɣ Language is context sensitive.
 The Interpersonal Prominence of Diplomatic Discourse 7

Ɣ Language is always communicative.

Ɣ Language is designed for communication.

The assumptions about language boil down to two key elements:

communication and context. These two elements are crucial in our
understanding of text and discourse, both of which are larger language
units than the sentence. Cook (1994: 24) defines text as “the linguistic
forms in a stretch of language, and those interpretations of them which do
not vary with context” (italics mine). For him, discourse is “a stretch of
language in use, taking on meaning in context for its users, and perceived
by them as purposeful, meaningful, and connected” (Cook 1994: 25, italics
mine). If Cook’s (1994) differentiation is acceptable, then text is static
with a fixed meaning independent of context and discourse is a stretch of
language use that is dynamic, context-sensitive, and producer-designed.
Therefore, audience-centered interpretations of discourse can be oceans
apart from discourse producers’ intended meaning, especially when an
audience is deprived of the knowledge of context and the discourse
producer’s intention.
In light of this demarcation offered by Cook (1994), it seems appropriate
for us to modify the four assumptions given by Schiffrin to the following:

Ɣ Text always occurs in a context.

Ɣ The meaning of a text is context sensitive.
Ɣ Language is always communicative.
Ɣ Language helps communication in that a stretch of it or a text
can be designed for communication in a given context.

Language is simply a tool that helps communication among human

beings. It is language use instead of language that occurs in a context. The
stretch of language that is used can be taken as a text as it carries meaning,
which may or may not be the same as found in the context where it is used.
An utterance of “You bad boy!” literally means the addressee is a boy who is
bad at the moment of assertion. If, however, the sentence is uttered in an
affectionate way by a girl to her boyfriend in a romantic setting where a nice
gift from the boy comes as a surprise, the line will mean something that is
contrary to the literal meaning indicated by the combination of the words, or
the text. There is no doubt that language communicates. The stretch of
language, before its application to a context, can be regarded as a text. But
when that stretch of language is used, it must be used in a context for a
communicative purpose such as the girl’s, as shown in her affectionate
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Minnie G Mrs sis elk Eatons h 83 Burnaby blvd — Muriel (wid
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constable Metro Pol r 55 Gunton dr (Etob) — Norman W plate mkr
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T cutter Dominion Regalia Limited h 19 Montgomery rd (Etob) —
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av — Robt A A elk Bank of Com r 3, 33 Cllffside dr (Scar) — Robt M
asst engineer Etob Twp h 105 WeUs Hill av — Robt W pntr & dec
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91 St Germain av — S Miss elk Confed Life Assn r 185 Fulton av —
Sam E elk army h 3, 33 diffside dr (Scar) — Sam O studt r 318
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h 998A St Clair av w --Sandra J elk BeU Tel — Sheila 9 nurse Sick
Children's Hosp h 18, 81 Isabella — Shirley L teletypist Wood, Gundy
& Co Ltd r 442 Ashdale av — Sidney lab American Stand Prod h 812
Jane (Y T) —Sidney J carp h 75 Ennerdale rd (Y T) —Simon Y
receiver W J Gage & Co h 75 Appleton av (Y T) —Susan nurse New
Mount Sinai Hosp r 101 Yorkville avenue —Sydney J h 1346 Pape av
(E Y) — Sydney L elect opr Ont Hydro h 6, 75 Leacrest rd (E Y) —
Teresa Mrs bkpr Jay Leathercraft Ltd h 85 Fenwood Hts (Scar) —
Thos staty engineer Metro Tor h 31 Aldridge av — Thos toolmkr
Orenda Engines h 3, 285 Main n (Wstn) —Thos A emp Russ Browns'
Auto Glass r 405 Gilbert av (Y T) — Thos C lab Elias Rogers Coal h
276 Old Weston rd —Thos E mgr United Tire Sales h 32 Coe Hill dr
(Swan) — Thos G h 330 Rhodes av — Thos R glazier Russ Brown
Auto Glass h 405 Gilbert av(Y T) — Thos T asst mgr Eatons h 52
Glendonwynne rd — Trevor G receiver hlpr The Easy Washing
Machine r 12 Donald av — V h 304, 65 Keewatin av — Verda M elk
Mnfrs Life h 377 Glenholme av (Y T) — Victor S emp East End Ice h
115 Normandy blvd — W Bruce phys 1247 King w h same — W
Ernest engineer CPR h 17 Jillsou av (Y T) — W H & Co (Wh H
Barnes) bldrs 497 Eglinton av w (FH) —Walter h 28, 80-2 Eglinton av
e — Walter emp Brewers Warehouse h 80 Beresford av (Swan) —
Walter F h 8 Danvers av —Walter F prntr Made an- Hunter h 172
Pacific av — Walter F shpr Diver Electrotype Co Limited h 98 Squires
av (E Y) — Walter H tchr Lake Wilcox Public Schl r,24 McNairn av —
Walter J h 343 Cosbum av (E Y) — Walter L emp O'Keefe h 646
Parliament — Walter M emp Iron Fireman h 30 Fern av —Walter O r
9 Montague — Wentworth dk Public Works (Prov) h 53 Wolverleigh
blvd — Wilfred auto mech Essex Garage r 83 Alcorn av —Wilfred T
head brewer Carling Breweries res Richmond Hill — Wm h 4, 587
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Wm security guard Neptune Meters h 11, 34-38 Heydon Pk rd —
Wm trk drvr Lockwood Co h 201 Bingham av — Wm trk drvr
Pendrith Machinery h 98 Harding blvd (Scar) — Wm trk drvr
Tomlinson Cartage h 3 Blackmore — Wm E emp Liquor Control Bd r
122 Waverley rd — Wm F elec opr Telegram Bldg r 1079 Avenue rd n
— Wm F trav slsmn Sheffield Bronze Powder h 20 Joahith dr (E Y) —
Wm H (W H Barnes & Co) h 403 , 540 Russell Hill rd (F H) — Wm H
dir Ont Hydro h 2, 40 South dr — Wm H slsmn Fonney Arc Welders r
87 Islington av s (Etob) — Wm J capt Fire Hall No 17 h 3 Ingham av
— Wm J caretkr Simpsons h 36 Ivy av — Wm R slsmri Allison
Machinery h 442 Martin Grove rd (Etob) — Wm T staty engineer Ault
& Wiborg h 26 Victoria (Mim) — Yuill M tire sprayer Seiberling Tire h
68 Ascot av — & Matheson Ltd (David A Barnes & David K
Matheson) investigations 18 , 37 King e Barnesco Brian A mach
Westeel Products Limited h 1, 1980A E$inton av w (Y T) — Henry
asst foremn Westeel Products Limited h 71 Chamberlain av (Y T)
Barnet BeUa r 63 Florence — Ensign Ross Ltd Instruments Ltd rep
binoculars 14 Adelaide w — J G h 502, 150 Balmoral av — Jas r 25
Bernard av — Margt r 586 University av Barnetson AJbt M with Tor
Hydro h 61 Harlandale av (Willow) — Gordon drvr Abbott Taxi h 9A,
2416 Keele (N Y) — Jas control tower Del Bodkin Motors Ltd r 781
Lake Shore rd (N T) ♦Barnett, see also Brunet and Burnett — Abigail
(wid J W) h 108 Lawrence av e — Albt pntr r 234 Ontario — Alfred
with’Tor Hydro h 606 McCowans rd (Scar) — Allen E h 24 Ash cres (L
B) — Anabel (wid Frank) h 332 Main — Ann r 80 Admiral rd — Anne
Mrs h 32 Herbert av — Archd emp John B Smiths r 150 Aldwych av
(E Y) — Archie sis engineer Bailey Meter Co Ltd res Ajax — Arthur
gdnr h 591 Glen Grove av w (N Y) — Audrey tele opr Bell Tel h 513
Palmerston blvd — Barry slsmn Electrosonic Co Ltd h 309, 27
Walmer road — Benj joumeymn elect Smith & Long Limited h 561
Birchmount rd (Scar) —Betty Mrs elk Canada Life r 6028 Yonge (N Y)
— Chester G caretkr Sun Life Assce h 3, 57 Benlamond avenue —
Christopher T bldg insp Bd of Liquor Control h 134 Hampton av —
Clinton H h 52 Braeside rd — David r 48 Greendale av (Y T) — David
(Selective Signs) —David P sign pntr Rock City Tobacco r 35 Geoffrey
— uominick emp CPR h 2, lbb Dunn av — Donald apprentice Tor
Electro & Stereo r 1949 Dundas e — Donald emp Dominon Foundry
h 127 Durie (Swan) — Donald slsmn Zenith Electric Supply r 63
Gloucester — Donald W buyerXProcter & Gamble res Richmond Hill
— Doreen Mrs r 125 Rose Park dr — Dorothy Mrs pekr Kelton Corp h
66 Wellesley e — Dorothy S sec Ont Hosp Assn (Blue Cross Div) r
474 Merton —Douglas health insp Dept Pub Health h 144 Banff rd —
Edna Mrs r 52 Braeside rd — Edna sis elk Eatons r 438 Eglinton av e
— Edna F Mrs h 10, 6 Flemington ra iN Y) — Edwd r 163 Rusholme
rd — Edwd mfrs agt h 235 Indian rd — Edwin pntr Royal York Hotel
h 121 Kitchener av (YD — Ellen hsekpr r 85 Clifton rd — Emerson J
stereotyper Star h 203, 118 Tyndall av —Eric trk drvr Massey-
Ferguson h 260 Carlton — Eric D genl mgr Barton Stone Co--h 602 ,
99 Tyndall avenue — Ernest emp CBC h 65A Benlamond av --Ernest
R slsmn Bondv Motors h 3129 St Clair av e (S^ar) — Esther elk
Beaver Steel r 108 Lawrence av e — Esther A elktypist Star res
Highland Creek —Ethel h 19 Rolyat — Francis h 163 Rusholme rd —
Frank r 7 Deer Park cres — Frank stock records elk Addressograph-
Multigraph of Canada h 408 , 77 Spencer av — Frank J emp Drug
Trading h 183 Davisville av — Fred h 152 Shuter — Fred tile setter
Long Branch Tile & Linoleum Ltd — Freda W Mrs elk Royal Bank res
Oakville — Fredk foremn Canada Building Materials Ltd h 51
Bowmore rd — Geo coach clnr TTC h 358 Brock av —Geo E janitor
John Wood Co Ltd h 206, 230 Sumach --Geo F btehr Louis
Marketeria h 1360A Queen e — Geo R h 11 Denison rd w (Wstn) —
Geo S r 284 Keewatin av —Geo W elk Candn Natl Inst for the Blind h
2923A Dufferin (N Y) —Gordon mill forerun Mason & Risch h 108
Springhurst av —Gordon E mailer Star h 123 Dewey dr (Scar) —
Gordon W suprvsr asst sis dept Grand & Toy h 372 Kingswood rd —
Grace M tchr r 456 Danforth av — H W with Can Packers res
Clarkson — Hannah (wid Wm) r 11 Marchmount rd — Harold F h 30
Guestville av (Y T) —Harvey phys Tor Genl Hosp r 480 Beverley —
Henry r 19 Dermott pi —Henry J M neurology 624, 170 St George h
107 Ridge drive — Herbt r 4 Lambert av —Herman M chair mn of bd
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Strathcona av —Jack G mgr Iron Fireman h 134 Hadspton av —
JackN mech Johnson Haulage h 393 Scarborough rd — Jas elk CNR
h 992 Victoria Park av (E Y) —Jas F city firemn h 474 Merton — Jas
P C tile setter Duguid & Barnett Floor Coverings h 8, 58 Gleneverest
rd (Scar) — Jas W with Tor Hydro h 1106 Pape av (E Y) —John
(White & Co) h 303, 240 Oriole Pkwy —John city firemn r E, 542
Beresford av —John emp DeHavilland h 209 Woburn av —John A
buyer Simpsons-Sears h 139 Kingston rd —John D tester Bell Tel h
1226 Argreen rd (Pt Credit) --John E messenger CP Exp h 2, 16
Hogarth av —John F slsmn A Kimball Ltd h 20 Caulfield rd (Etob) —
John L artist J H Street & Co Limited r 36 Woodville av (E Y) — John
M contract engineer Candn Ice Mac;, h
 -70BARNETT ' " - John M lead hand vehicle insp TTC h 531
Merton — John W phys 456 Danforth av h same — June r 485
Sackville —Kennedy J elk Pringle & Booth r 32 Herbert av — Kenneth
emp International Pipe Line h 112, 375 Lake Shore rd (Mim) —
Kenneth yardmaster CNR h 2 Victoria Park av (Scar) — Kenneth J
slsmn H J Heinz Company of Canada Ltd r 32 Herbert av — Kenneth
M slsmn The Carswell Co Ltd h 572 McCowans rd (Scar) — Kenneth
S type soldering Underwood Limited h 60 Arnold av — Kurt emp
Westbury Hotel h 1, 71 Keele — Larry M comml artist Nor Baker
Limited r 1053 Bloor w — Leanord J pricing elk Doulton & Co r-8
First (Wards Island) — Leila Mrs stenog Employers' Liability Assce r
309, 27 Walmer rd — Les Men's Wear (Les Barnett) 1926 Eglinton av
w (YT) — Leslie (Les Barnett Mens Wear) h 4, 86 Neptune dr (NY) —
Leslie B elk CNR h 5 Merrian rd (Scar) — Leslie J sr insp Dom Elect
Protection h 36 Woodville av (E Y) — Leslie K emp Peacock Floor
Covering Co h 69 Seventeenth (N T) — Lewis W pmtr Cornish &
Wimpenny h 306 Rumsey rd (Leas) —Lily (wid Jas E) h 895
Glencairn av (N Y) — Lorraine wtrs Andro's Restaurant r 200
donmore dr (Scar) —Lucius Rt Rev pastor Our Lady of Perpetual
Help (RC) Church h 78 Clifton rd — Luther drvr Simpsons h 47
Mayboume av (Scar) — M drvr Eatons h 87 Rosehath av — M Anne
tchr Kent Sr Pub Schl h 72 Balmoral av — Mabel (wid Wm) h 234
Ontario —Mabel E Mrs h Bldg M, 202, 50 Upper Canada dr (N Y) —
Margt J sec Canadian Brass h 506, 110 Wellesley e — Marguerite
(wid Edwd A) h 148 FaUingbrook rd (Scar) — Marie r 18, 1495
Queen w — Marlene Mrs current acct suprvsr Bank of Com r 2923A
Dufferin (N Y) — Marlene Mrs stenog Shaw & Begg r 262 Rhodes av
— Martha (wid Archd) h 284 Keewatin av — Mary Mrs r 127 Durie
(Swan) —Mary M tchr Eastern High Schl of Com r 456 Danforth av —
Maureen elk W L Rice & Sons Ltd h 305 Waterloo av (N Y) — Mavis
sec-treas Reilly Overhead Doors Ltd h 607, Bldg 5, 25 Lascelles blvd
— Maxwell A appraiser Candn Farm Loan Bd h 2551 Kennedy rd
(Agincourt) — Muriel Mrs h 458 Glebeholme blvd — Myrtle (wid John
E) h 195 Castlefield av — Nora R typist East York Twp r 202, 2890 St
Clair av e (E Y) — Norman emp Pilkington Glass r 194 Scarborough
rd — Norman P drvr Eatons h 87 Roseheath av — Philip bkpr Weston
Store Equip h B2, 88 Neptune dr (N Y) — R Victor treas & asst sec
Tumbull Elevator h 1355 Mt Pleasant rd — Reta nurse r 127 Durie
(Swan) — Rita Mrs dietary St Michael's Hosp r 303 Sumach — Rita I
tablewkr Wm E Coutts r 177 Pemberton av (Willow) — Robt contr h
19 Main s (Wstn) — Robt E slsmn Upton Bradeen & James Limited h
17 Elliott av (Etob) —Robt J h 374 Bartlett av — Robt M with Canada
Life h 804, 21 Tichester rd (YT) —Ronald hairdresser Morgans h Bl,
88 Neptune dr (NY) — Ronald H emp CNR h 87 Dawes rd —Roy G
lab techn Chas L Carter Ltd h 11 Khedive (N Y) — Ruth sec Standard
Forest Products Ltd r 195 Castlefield av —Sarah A (wid Robt) h 1794
Dundas e —Sarah E (wid John) h 1 , 637 Danforth av —Stafford r
2903 Major —Stephen B assmblr A V Roe h 48 Richardson av (Y T)
— Stewart E serv mgr Therm-O-Rite Products r 1435 Applewood rd
(Pt Credit) —Stuart I taxi drvr r 4, 86 Neptune dr (N Y) —Theodore
asbestos wkr R S Ward Co h 202, 2890 St Clair av e (E Y) — Thos A
M Rev professor Wycliffe Coll h 133 Colin avenue — Thos E sheet
metal wkr .Universal Sheet Metal h 127 August av (Scar) —Thos W
clergymn Anglican Church of Canada h 125 Rose Park dr — Tony
emp CNR h 150 Shuter — W Eddison (Barnett & Rieder) h 300
Bessborough dr —Walter C trkr 793 Midland av (Scar) h same • — '
Walter L head receiver Massey- Ferguson h 128 Galt av —Walter S h
463 Woburn av (NY) —Wellington J physician 456 Danforth av h 39
Four Oaks Gate (E Y) — Wm (Duguid Si Barnett) r 92 Golfhaven dr
(Scar) — Wm emp Christie Biscuits r 96 Fifth (N T) — Wm emp
Dominion Typewriter Co r 148 Fallingbrook rd (Scar) — Wm A sec-
treas Ross D Therrien Co Ltd h 36 Stone Gate rd (Etob) — Wm E
(Barnett Si Rieder) h 300 Bessborough dr (Leas) — Wm G constn
wkr John B Regan h 799 Midland av (Scar) — Wm J h 35 Ray av (Y
T) — Wm L monotype keybd opr Cornish Si Wimpenny h 306
Rumsey rd (Leas) — Wm R shpr Perrin Industries Ltd r 60 Arnold av
— & Politi Ltd Herman M Barnett chairmn of bd, Alex R Politi pres,
Arthur I Politi vice-pres, Mrs Marion D Politi sec-treas tobacco &
confectionery 565 Parliament — Si Rieder (A Carl Rieder Si W
Eddison Barnett) architects 201, 96 Eglinton av e Barney Allan W
computing elk Customs & Excise h 16 Lippincott w (Wstn) — Arnold
E emp Loblaws h 110, 2 Kinsdale blvd (Etob) — Arthur B elect
Eatons h 255 Willow av — Bryan emp Hugh Maclean h 16, 433
Sherbourne — Edwd h 16 Lippincott w (Wstn) — Emily r 146
Bedford rd —Emily F elk British Book Serv r 51 Prince Anhur avenue
— Geo r 367 Berkeley — Herbt lab John Mansfield r 77 Laing — John
maintenance Browns' Bread h 77 Laing — John F maintenance
Candn Kodak h 47 Juliet cres (YT) —John L emp CPR h 15 Donlea dr
(Leas) —Maurice emp No 1 Supply Depot h 6 Grattan (Wstn) —May
(wid Frank) r 71 Manor rd e — Pamela M priv sec Candn School of
TV Si Dramatic Arts r 3, 342 Avenue rd — Wm emp Swifts h 80
Denison rd w (Wstn) _ BARNEY — Wm G photo litho engraver
Business Systems h 239 Winnett av (Y T) Barney's (Barney Qldstein)
second hand store 121 Queen w — Driving School (Bjarne Knusden)
1180 Eglinton av w (F H) — Meat Market (Bernard A Deneault) 475
Danforth av — Open Kitchen(Bamey Devore) restaurant 385 Queen
west — Quality Meats (Bernard Deneault) butcher 41 Eglinton sq
(Scar) Barnfather Harry H h 36 Glenwood cres (E Y) — Jas S
steamfitter John Ritchie & Co h 133 Highfield rd — Lilian R stenog
Dept Citizenship & Immigration Indian Affairs Br r 75 Pleasant blvd
— Lynne elk PO r 75 Pleasant blvd —Stanley h 193 Kingston rd
Bamham-Kappey Cecil slsmn Eatons h 47 Lesmount av (E Y)
Barnhardt Earl steelwkr Dom Bridge r 28 Harbord — Ernie h 6, 38
Meadowbrook rd (N Y) —Pearl sec Howland & Sons Hardware h 57
Roselawn avaiue Barnhart Alice Mrs emp Bell Tel r 346 Milverton blvd
— Dorothy N h 120 Stephenson av — E Harry bldg receiver CN Exp h
94 Waniska av (Etob) —Earl mech McBride Motors r 22 Chicora av —
Francis D slsmn Canada Fishing Tackle & Sports Ltd res Oakville —
Geo H emp CNR h 89 Cannon rd (Etob) — Harvey G suprvsr
Excelsior Life Bis h 492 Cosburn av (E Y) — Horace r 10 Garnock av
— Karl R buyer CNR h 1568 The Queensway (Etob) — Lillian hostess
h 275 Spadina rd Barnhill Geo paint tinter Penfound Varnish Co Ltd r
13 Birch (L B) — WFR acct Ont Hydro res Woodbridge Barnhouse
John E engineer CGE h 55 East dr (Y T) Barnl Margt V Mrs vice-
consul of the U S of America United States Consulate General h 705,
2730 Yonge Barnicke B A Service (John Bamicke) serv stn 3211
Dufferin (N Y) — John (Barnicke B A Service) h 160 Richard dark dr
(N Y) — Jos J vice-pres Gibson Bros Limited h 20 Montclair av —
Mary E with Natl Trust h 306, 83 St Clair av w — Wm E director A E
Wilson & Co res Port Credit Bamicutt Alva (Melben Beauty Salon) r
31 Kirkdale cres (N Y) — Barbara hairdresser Melben Beauty Salon r
200 Craighurst av — Regd W opr Candn Kodak r 45 Grassington cres
(Scar) Barningham Derrick r 62 Pacific av — Frank tech writer A V
Roe h 406 Whitmore av (Y T) — Rose Mrs r 411 Margueretta Barnish
Jos h 29 Manning av Bamo Adeline r 1053 College — Annonzio
constn wkr h 1053 College — Armand r 1053 College — Guido
constn wkr h 1053 College Bamolicki Dimitri metal roller Engelhard
Industries of Canada Ltd r 241 Westmount av (Y T) Barnosky
Michael h 24 Givins Barnowich Edwd drvr TTC h 159 Alderbrae av
(Etob) — Wm shpr Binks Manufacturing Co of Canada Ltd r 159
Alderbrae' av (Etob) Barns Allen studt r 63 Greensidep av — B Marie
stenog Phoenix r 33 Heath e — B Stuart asst sec Candn Gypsum Co
Ltd h 33 Heath east —Eugene P mgr marketing research Massey-
Ferguson res Port Credit —Gordon emp Tor Genl Hosp r 261
Wellesley e — H Lee stock elk Eatons r 149 Earlsdale av (Y T) — Jas
emp TTC h 102, 95 Twenty-fifth (L B) — John A sis suprvsr Dow
Kingsbeer Brewery Ltd h Bl, Bldg D, St Stevens ct (Etob) — Maria H r
138| Cedric av (Y T) Barnsby Lloyd W heavy equip opr Dept of
Highways Ont h 304, 6 Crown Hill pi (Etob) Barnsdale Garnet r 565
Gladstone av —Gordon A sis rep B W Deane & Co r 42 Garside cres
(N Y) — Jas A emp A V Roe r 42 Garside cres (jN Y) —Roy W drvr
slsmn Silverwoods res Oak Ridges —Sidney J caretkr Tor Bd of Educ
h 42 Garside cres (N Y) Barnsley Albt drvr MacLeans h 294 Rhodes
av — Earl elk sis office Cooper Weeks r 81 Rockwell av — Harry C
mach United Steel Corp h 81 Rockwell av — Wm toolmkr Robt Shaw
Fulton h 2, 60 Queen's av (Mim) Barnstead Ethel L h 99 Glencairn av
— Winifred G r 99 Glencairn av Barnt Arthur H (Tom & Barnt) h 29
Edgevalley dr (Etob) — Ewald h 185 Geoffrey Barnuk Edwd
hairdresser Beatrice Gray Salon r 79 Runhymede rd (Swan) Barnum
Bernice Mrs cash Eatons h 4, 2393 Queen e — Bliss E stkpr Great
Lake Supply Co h 303, 5 Staghill dr (E Y) — Donald E drftsmn Oni
Hydro h 303, 5 Staghill dr (E Y) — Elinor F sec North America
Companies r 307, 2837 Yonge — Geo stock receiver Fine Chemicals
of Canada Limited h 106, 504 Kingston rd — Harold maintmn
Princess Margaret Hosp h 110, 214 Wellesley e — Ivy Mrs h 88
Highfield rd — Jas r 252 Sixth (N T) — Lloyd B h 304 Margueretta —
Lottie Mrs r 19 Willcocks — Mary r 219 Melrose av — Mary L sec
Brennan & Whale r 967 CoxweU av (EY) — Robt r 304 Margueretta
— S A mail elk MacLaren Advtg res Langstaff Barnun Edwd
steamfitter Candn Comstock r 35 West Lynn av Baro Peter emp Aero
Tool Works r 8 Graham Gdns (Y T) Barocco Domenico bricklayer h 90
Greenlaw av Baron A Stanley emp Bell Tel h 21 Tremont rd (Etob) —
Alphonse mach Candn H W Gossard h 69 McGee — Arthur lab
Adams Brands Ltd res Unionvllle — Arthur shpr h 9 Hector av —
Arthur L p c PO res R R #1 Unionvllle — Barbara A elk Crown Life
Ins Co r 100 Stuart av (Willow) —Beatrice comptometer opr Tor
Carpet r 76 Thirtyninth (L B) — Byng Memorial Hall Candn Legion
BESL 243 Coxwell av — Constance stat Campbell Soup h 3, 6 Hill
Heights road (Etob) — Daisy vice-pres Winbar Construction Ltd r 48
Meadowbrook rd (N Y) — Dmytro lab Gas Co res Oshawa — Doreen
sec-treas Raceway Manufacturing Ltd r 87 Wexford blvd (Scar) —
Edwd wldr h 3, 2339 Dufferin (Y T) — Ferdinand production foremn
Candn H W Gossard res Oak Ridges — Florence stenog Thomton-
Smith r 1 Montye av (YT) BARON — Frank acct Carriere &
MacFeeters h 9, 9 Delano pi (Scar) — Gunter rep Volkswagen h 25
Summerhill Gdns — Harold h 463 Jones av — Hats (G Bihari) hat
making 264 Dupont — Helen sec r 327 Rusholme rd — Ian
maintenance Natl Casket Co res R R #1 Unlonville — J Miss model h
207, 117 Broadway av — John production foremn Pressed Metal &
Plating Products Ltd h 122 Queensbury av (Scar) — John L slsmn
Plibrico (Can) Ltd h 4, 272 Birmingham (N T) — John T slsmn
Marathon Corp h 58 Princeton rd (Etob) — Kasimer lab h 83
Claremont — Kathleen A elk Bell Tel r 29 Bimbrok rd (Scar) —Kay r
168 Markham — Mary (wid Thos) h 48 Holmesdale rd (Y T) — Mike
assmblr Massey-Ferguson h 27 Bellamy rd (Scar) — N h 311, 24
Shallmar blvd (F H) — Norman emp O'Keefe r 763 Shaw — Norman
pmtr h 805 Windermere av {Y T) — Nick emp John Inglis r 125
Strachan av — Peter emp Ballentine Constn r 100 Foch av (Etob) —
Peter A pntr Massey-Ferguson h 24 Corby av (Y T) — Roland r 69
McGee —Ronald slsmn Husky Mfg Si Tool Works h 505, 201 Dawes
rd (E Y) — Roy foremn Emanuel Products h 44 Montvale dr (Scar) —
Siegfried lather A-l Lathing Co r 302, 7 Staghill dr (E Y) —Stanley h
266 St Clarens av — Stanley elev opr Royal York Hotel h 104, 514
Dawes rd (E Y) — Steve (Winbar Developments) — Steven bldr h 3 ,
48 Meadowbrook rd (N Y) — Thos plshr A V Roe h 65 Gaydon av (N
Y) —Victor E piano action fnshr Mason & Risch h 173 Hallmark av
(Etob) — Walter h 76 Thirty-Ninth (L B) — Walter B foremn
Barrymore Cloth h 100 Stuart av (Willow) Baron's Rug Cleaning Co
(Katchazown Jiaronvartian) 629 Gerrard e Baronas Albt h 1156
College Barone Alberto lab r 204 Clinton — Alfred tlr Delmark Cloaks
h 17 Miranda av (Y T) — Anna (wid Jos) r 275 Oriole Pkwy —
Anthony elk Dom Store h 190 Colbeck — Carmen emp Miller Paving
Ltd r 77 Woodycrest av — Donald r 175 Mavety — Guer ino drvr h
90 Spadina rd — John emp Metropolitan Store h 18 Grove av — Jos
(Barone's Marketeria) h 2063 Davenport rd — Louis h 13, 495A Bloor
w — Nick r 366 Concord av — Savino emp Miller Paving Ltd h 77
Woodycrest av — Toni carp h 39 Miranda (Y T) — Toni cement wkr h
124 Kirknewton rd (Y T) — Vincent genl lab Biltrite Tire r 879
Ossington av Barone's Marketeria (Jos Barone) 2063 Davenport road
Baronenas Natalie nurse asst Lady of Mercy Hosp h 209 Jane
Baroness Fashions (Mrs E Tyrrell) custom made ladies wear 104
Richmond w — Paul emp Babloor Hotel h 106 Coady av Baroni Cecil
A bartender Elm Grove House h 206 Argyle — Jack tlr h 383
Symington av — Rosa r 383 Symington av Baronian Arsen H emp
Anglo-Persian Rug Cleaners h 134 Jarvis — Geo A (Anglo-Persian
Rug Cleaning Co) h 306, 888 Eglinton av e (Leas) Baronins Oswald h
271 Lauder av (Y T) Baronowski Jos emp CNR h 74 Augusta av
Baronowsky John mech h 56 Geoffrey Barons John, carp h 26 Gair
dr (Etob) — John glass cutter Pilkington Glass Co r 134 Bellefair av
— Ross A emp Candn Western Cordage h 4 Yorkview dr (Etob)
Baronvartian Edwin R t p c PO r 629 Gerrard e — Katchazoun
(Baron's Rug Cleaning Co) h 629 Gerrard e Barootes Anne (wid Wm)
h 98 Fairlawn av — Constandinos W dentist 9 Bloor e r 98 Fairlawn
av — Demosthenes (Fifth Avenue Restaurant) h 33 Kelso (NY)— Gus
(Fifth Avenue Restaurant) r 98 Fairlawn av — Steve (Fifth Avenue
Restaurant) h 30 Edgar av — Terpsy cashier Fifth Avenue Rest r 98
Fairlawn av Baross Dennis r 79 Howland av Barotz Samuel (Canada)
Ltd Mrs Rita McKenzie mgr costume jewellers 3rd fir, 192 Bay
Barowsld Regina studt h 290 Barton av Barozzino Michelle lab TTC h
172 Dovercourt rd Barp Mario bricklayer h 249 Caledonia rd (Y T)
Barr A H dental techn h 602, 1639 Bloor w — Albt H h 115 Hogarth
av — Albt L linesmn Tor Twp Hydro h 126 Carson n (Etob) — Alex
emp Bell Tel r 365 -Mortimer av (E Y) — Alfred J interior dec h 3,
741 Dovercourt rd — Allan artist h 55 , 2 Glen Elm av — Archie h
947 Logan av — Arnold emp Massey-Ferguson r 31 Concord av —
Arrel trainee Zeller's Ltd r 364 Sunnyside av —Arthur h 21 Eagle rd
(Etob) — Avril elk Metro Pol r 238 Ellis av (Swan) — B M Mrs
bkpr.Dominion Acceptance Ltd r 947 Logan av — Bertha r 78 Jones
av — Bruce R craftsmn Bell Tel r 104 Hdborne av (E Y) — Chas h 4,
7 Birch av (L B) — Christine emp Woman's Bakery r 36 Norman av —
Clifford A disbursements acctng mgr Bell Tel h 17 Marchwood dr (N
Y) — Constance (wid David P) h 419 Glenlake av — D WaHace
suprvsr Imp Life res Cooksville — David emp MacFarland Engineering
h 202 Sumach — David studt r 43 Admiral rd — David A drftsmn
Dept Highways h 65 Presteiyn av (E Y) — David H credit officer
Royal Bank h 105 Fordwich cres (Etob) — David J emp Aluminum Co
h 70 Armstrong av — Donald dir University Tours Ltd r 21 Eagle rd
(Etob) — Donald A phys 1 , 394 Wilson av (N Y) h 25 Sunbeam av
(N Y) — Donald J elk Mnfrs Life r 414 Huron — Doris SA officer S A
Territorial Headqtrs h 249 Bowood av — Dorothy slsldy Ira Berg r 55,
2 Glen Elm av — Earl H architectural drftsmn Bell Tel r 65 Hart av
(Scar) —Earl J advertising Dunlop Rubber h 104 Holbome av (E Y) —
Earle W mgr of art dept Addressograph- Multigraph h 738 Danforth
rd (Scar) —Edith E (wid David H) r 1 , 428 Walmer rd (Y T) — Edith
R (wid Edgar) h 4 Lippincott w (Wstn) —Edwd T underwriter Phoenix
Assce h 6, 2379 Danforth av — Eleanor nurse VON r 401, 1480
Eglinton av w (Y T) — Elizth (wid Marshall G) h 34 Aldridge av —
Elizth nurse East Genl Hosp h 539 Milverton blvd — Elizth phys 1,
394 Wilson av (N Y) — Eric carp Angus Robinson h 26 Napier BARR
— Erland E h 95 Patterson av (Scar) —Ernest drvr Roy's Florist h 34
Craiglee dr (Scar) — Ernest pressmn Noble Scott Co Ltd r 224
Wilfred av (Willow) — Ernest R rep Maclean- Hunter h 70 Belmont —
F J h 14, 81 Clearview Hts (Y T) — Florence (wid H) h 293 Lauder av
(Y T) —Forbes h 707 Markham — Frances priv sec George &
Moorhouse r 738 Danforth rd (Scar) —Francis L h 86 Raymond av (Y
T) — Frank emp Candn Gypsum Co h 15 Wadsworth blvd (Wstn) —
G Bruce insp Western Assce h 107 St Clements av — G Eric (Thorne,
Mulholland, Howson Si McPherson) h 15 St Hilda's av — Geo h 141
Glenmore rd — Geo h 304, 36 Wood Glen rd (Scar) — Geo disc
jockey r 21 Inverness (Etob) — Geo emp Visco Oil Co r 17 Cloverdale
rd — Geo slsmn h 115 Melville av — Geo trk drvr Dept Street
Cleaning h 7 , 370 St Johns rd (Y T) — Geo D lab Streets Division
(City) h 49 Eastwood av (Scar) — Geo E auditor Johnson Stewart &
Co h 421 Merton — Geo H h 248 Pape av — Geo H tchr Weston
Collegiate & Vocational Schl h 138 Dixon rd (Etob) — Geo W emp
Abitibi Power & Paper r 10 Esgore dr (N Y) — Geo Y elk Pearl Assce
h 143 Glenmore rd — Gerald L trk drvr Kingsway Transport h 202,
274 Sackville — Gloria sec Dom Standard Plumbing r 208 Earlscourt
av --Gloria H Mrs comptometer opr Western Assce h 135 Yardley av
(E Y) — Gordon D pmtr Maclean- Hunter h 34 Harris Park dr (Scar)
— Grace Mrs hairdressing tchr Marvel Hairdressing Schl h 2, 366A
Bloor w —Hans r 67 Edna av —Harry insp h 116 Gillard av —Harry
lab Hertz h 246 Shuter — Harry R dispatcher Intercity Transport h
107 Philip av (Scar) — Heinz r 67 Edna av — Henrietta (wid saml) h
21 Mariposa av (Y T) — Henry publisher Candn Journalist & Press
Photographer r 27 Christie — Henry J M caretkr Scar Bd of Educ h
713 Midland av (Scar) — Hugh mach Candn Acme Screw Si Gear h
74 McAdam (NY) — Inez h 12, 62 Alexander — Irene A bkpng mach
opr E L Ruddy r 6 Latton rd (Etob) —Isabel hairdressing tchr Marvel
Hairdressing Schl h 2 , 366A Bloor w — Jas emp National Gas Co h
282 Glenholme av (Y T) — Jas slsmn British Oxygen h 215 Vandusen
blvd (Etob) — Jas utilitymn Liquor Control Bd r 203 Patricia av (N Y)
— Jas C elk Flintkote r 4. 7 Birch av (L B) — Jas E shpr Edward
Milner Co h 280 Guwan av (E Y) — Jas M handler Candn Kodak h 65
Ambleside av (Etob) — Jas M mach United Steel Corp h 36, 8
Kinsdale blvd (Etob) — Jas R, filter opr Metro Tor h 177 Lee av —
Janet r 2130 Danforth av — Janet (wid Robt Rev) h 302, 127
Glenwood cres (EY) — Janet R elk Rogers Majestic r 93 Roselawn av
— Jean grocer 67 Swanwick av’h same — Jean M emp Dairy Maid
Choc r 1 Power — John elk CNR r 29 Norwood terr — John serv mgr
Scar Beach Garage h 67 Harding blvd (Scar) —John slsmn Eatons r
D4, 3015 Queen e (Scar) — John A chief elk Candn Oil h 5, 10
Spring Garden av (Willow) --John A prin Allenby Schl h 10 Esgore dr
(N Y) — John F engineer Workmen's Compensation Bd r 15
Wadsworth blvd (Wstn) — John G trk drvr Candn Comstock h 36
Bermuda av (Etob) — John J (Barr's Service Station) h 11 Randane
dr (Scar) — John L mech Anaconda Amer Brass h 30 Beaucourt rd
(Etob) — John R dist engineer Ont Water Resources Commn res Port
Credit --Jos elk Carman's Car Rentals Ltd r 142 Wellesleye — Joyce L
Mrs tel opr T A Richardson & Co r 214 Bain av — Katherine V Natl
Health Si Welfare h 27 , 778 Broadview av —Keith fire underwriter
Saskatchewan Mutual Fire Ins Co h 32 Lola rd --Kenneth S prntr h 38
Markham rd (Scar) —Laura (wid Geo) h 12 Northbrook rd (E Y) —
Mabel (wid Lome C) h 214 Bain av --Margt D stenog Nestle (Canada)
Ltd r 115 Hogarth avenue — Margt McP sec Massey-Ferguson r 241
Hounslow av (Willow) — Martha (wid John) h 551 Beresford av (Y T)
--Martha r 28 Edmund av — Martha (wid John) matron Imp Life h 40
Myrtle av — Mary (wid John) r 380 St Clements av — Mary lining
mach opr Anchor Cap r 70 Armstrong avenue — Mary C smdt nurse
East Genl Hosp r 70 Riverview Gdns (Y T) —Mary I (wid Wm) r 78
Jones av — Maude M (wid Lindsay) h 208, 100 Oriole Pkwy —
Melville G wks pairolmn Dept Public Works h 51 Rushbrooke av —
Melyille R h 208 Earlscourt av — Mildred F r 246 Shuter — Patricia
studt r 10 , 6 Famham av — Pauline elk h 205, 133 Broadway av —
Peter h 230 Broadview av — Peter hairdressing Marion Skerry Ltd —
Peter M elk Canadian Oil Companies Limited r 129 Elmer av —Rita
tchr Agincourt Coll r 302, 127 Glenwood cres (E Y) —Robt h 28
Davies cres (E Y) — Robt car slsmn Kennys Kars r 36 Wheeler av —
Robt mach Fruehauf h 4, 78 John (Wstn) —Robt prof golfer h 203,
3888 Bathurst (N Y) — Robt slsmn Kenny Kars Ltd r,34 Athletic av —
Robt B F solicitor Blake, Cassels & Graydon h 43 Admiral av — Robt
F acct Aluminum Goods h 21 Inverness (Etob) — Robt M engineer
United Steel Corp h 54 Shangarry dr (Scar) — Robt N p c PO h 70
Riverview Gdns (Y T) —Robt P sr office suprvsr Royal York Hotel h
10 Dornfell (Willow) — Robt R fitter Gas Co h 190 CoxweU av —
Ronald drftsmn Candn Kodak h 100A Rowntree av — Ronald studt
embalmer Jarrett Funeral Chapel Co Ltd h 1141-43 St Clair av w —
Ronald elect' Candn Westinghouse h 7 , 8 Crown HiU pi (Etob) —
Ross acctng elk Prest-O-Lite r 547 Davisville av — Roy r 17, 2867
Dundas w —Roy L slsmn Rock City Tobacco res Whitby — Russell
engineer h 508, 214 St George — Russell V slsmn Adams Furniture r
100 Parkview Hill cres (E Y)
 I BARR --Ruth r 39 Elgin av --Sami body bldr Smith Bros h
52 Prennan av (Etob) —Sarah M elk Gas Co r 141 Glenmore rd —
Spencer studt h 277 High Park av —Stanley mach Massey- Ferguson
h 51 Geoffrey —Stanley H elk A V Roe h 293 High Park av —Stanley
J city firemn r 53 Fraserton cres (Scar) —Ted foremn Massey-
Ferguson h 2621 Keele (N Y) — Thos h 133 Times rd (Y T) — Thos F
insp Dept of Agric (Dom) Plant Prot Div r 707 Markham —Thos M
carp Laidlaw Lumber Co Ltd r 8 Strathbum blvd (N Y) —Victor R
technical writer Cushing & Nevell Ltd r 105 Dell Park av (N Y) — W A
elect r 130 Albany av — W Doyle rep London Life Ins Co res Oakville
| — Walter A foremn Parks & Recreation Dept h 57 Sheridan av —
Wilbert A meter repairmn Ont Hydro res Ingersoll — Wm h 662
Hillsdale. av e — Wm emp Canada Electric h 238 Ellis av (Swan) f —
Wm stonemason h 267 Donlands av (E Y) — Wm stonemason Scar
Twp h 117 Haslam (Scar) — Wm suprvsr first aid Candn Red Cross
Soc r 230 Broadview av — Wm with Tor Hydro h 303, 1531 Bathurst
(Y T) — Wm J metal wkr Lucas Rotax h 171 Oakcrest av I j — Wm M
stockroom Eatons h 1 Power — Wm O h 44 Avoca av 1 — Wm O h
114 Glen rd — Wm S compositor Globe & Mail h 49 Thirty-seventh (L
B) — Wm W section head Eatons h 43 Glen Manor dr Barr's Service
Station (John J Barr) 2 Gladstone av Barrable Mary bkpr Singer
Sewing Mach r 50 Sunnypoint cres (Scar) ; Barraccia Rocco
bricklayer h 122 Gillard av Barrack Alfred B mach Mother Parkers Tea
h 34 Rondale blvd (N Y) --Edna (wid Jos) h 188 Victor av —Evelyn r
188 Victor av Barraclough Albt techn slsmn Triangle Conduit & Cable
Co h 99 Laurelcrest av (N Y) —Albt E mech Can Bldg Materials h 159
Old Orchard grove —Ann elk r 121 Brae mar av — Elizth h 112, 315
Bayview av (Leas) ! — G Albt pmtr Maclean- Hunter r 159 Old
Orchard gr : —Harry section head Eatons h F21, 477 Bayview av
(Leas) —Louisa (wid Harry) r 1, 2531 Danforth av —Nancy sec
Western Hosp r 169 Roxborough dr —Peter engineer Colchester
Mach Co h 26 East rd (Scar) —Sidney court elk Magistrates Court res
Richmond Hill — W Wray h 169 Roxborough dr — Wm L acct h 121
Braemar av Barraco Frank carp h 4 Goodwood av Barradaile Mildred
(wid Les) r 75 Silverbirch av ' Barrager Irene stenog M B Nemoy & S
N Goldhar QC r 173 Roxborough e —Ivan D drvr svprvsr Wm Neilson
Ltd h 479 Silverthorn av (Y T) --Gordon slsmn h 610, 600 Eglinton av
w (F H) 1 —Shirley A records elk Ont Hydro h 173 Roxborough east
Barran Arthur Jr emp Moore & Barran Ltd res Maple —Arthur vice-
pres Moore & Barran Ltd h 40 Orrell av (Etob) —Milner p c PO h 729
Brock av —Nick h 107 Delaware av Barranca Anthony r 600 Crawford
—Dominic h 600 Crawford i| --Jos creeler Tor Carpet r 14A Crawford
—Paul h 600 Crawford ij —Tony genl hlpr Dundas Sheet Metal r 660
Crawford Barrand Betty elk Bank of N S r 285 Russell Hill rd | —
Fraser G genl mgr Wm Dailey h 6 KingsweU cres (Scar) , —Geo R
shpr Bruce Dougall Supply h 77 dissoid rd (Etob) —Ronald elk
Menzies Gibson Ltd r 6 Kingswell cres (Scar) Barranger Albt G L
asbestos wkr h 537 McRoberts av (Y T) —Gordon D asbestos wkr
Superior Insulation h 4, 1555 Eglinton av w (Y T) I, — Wm (Superior
Insulation Ltd) h 5 Corby av (Y T) Barrans Geo president Garage
Equipment & Repairs Co Ltd r 21 Wigmore dr (N Y) — J H ins
underwriter Massie & Renwick h 77 Wrenson rd —John A claims
adjuster Dominion Insce Corp r 23 Tardree pi (Scar) 1 — Wm F G
customs excise officer r 325 Woodbine av Barras Anatole car piler
feed plant Tor Elevators h 105, 45 Lake Shore rd (Mim) —Arthur emp
Stonegate Shopping Centre h 58 Jennings avenue —Arthur L
bricklayer h 305 Bedford Pk av (N Y) — Fred pol constable Metro Pol
h 176 Clonmore dr (Scar) — Glen G unit mgr Commercial Credit Corp
Ltd r 120 Crescent rd —Jos fitter Lucas Rotax r 177 Kingsmount Pk
rd —Jos W pmtr Best Printing h 10 Dawson av l — Peter punch press
opr Macotta Steel h 39 Evelyn av —Rita r 74 McMurray av Barrass
Beatrice r 13 Pinewood av (Y T) J — Blanche (wid Jos) h 38 Elmer
av — Dorothy with Toronto Juvenile Family Court h 25 Walford rd
(Etob) —Godfrey h 9A, 1050 Yonge —John T h 38 Westlake av
Barratt Albt emp Eatons h 448 Brock av —Annie (wid Fredk) h 105
Hillingdon av —Arthur A sis engineer Westeel Products Limited h 43
Fairlin dr (Etob) —Arthur E cashier T A Richardson & Co h 133
Brookside av (Y T) — Augustus A steward No 31 Branch Legion h 12
Bushey av (Y T) — Augustus E maint Modern Tool Works h 72
Rockcliffe blvd (Y T) — Dorothy acct Anglo Petroleum h 103, 717
Eglinton av w (F H) — E T Miles president The Automotive Supply Co
(Toronto) Ltd h 131 Rochester av (N Y) —Emily Mrs h 19 Indian rd
cres — Ernest F consulting civil engineer h 21 Strath av (Etob) —
Evelyn D (wid Chas) h 191 Glenvale blvd (Leas) — Frances Mrs h 12
Long cres — Gordon M purchasing agt Automotive Supply h 16
Belgate pi (Etob) — H Allan technical sis rep Allied Chemical Canada
limited h 5 Friars la (Etob) — Harold assmblr DeHavilland h 2, 2633
Eglinton av e (Scar) —Harry slsmn r 7 Madison av — Henry pekr
Eatons h 7 Madison av —Henry G h 9, G, Bexhill ct (Etob) — John
gdnr h 42 Queensbury av (Scar) — Kathleen h 20, 1169 Danforth av
— Margt A public health nursing asst Dept Public Health r 120
Fallingbrook rd — Margt A stenog receptionist Mead Johnson of
Canada Ltd r 2, 9A Winfield av (Y T) — Norman T mgr quality
control Radio Valve h 27 f Worthington cres (Swan) Page 71
BARRATT BARRETT BARRETT —Roy office wkr Green's (Can) h
1516B Dundas w —Sami maintenance staff Etob Bd of Educ h 297
Bumhamthorpe rd (Etob) —Sydney T with Arrow Taxi Ltd h 2, 9A
Winfield av (Y T) —Vernon J elk Kresges h 40 Doncaster av (E Y) —
Wendell slsmn Gardner & Denver h 402 , 80 Charles east — Wm F
slsmn Excelsior Life h 8 Tyre av (Etob) — Wm J emp Blantyre Dairy h
12 Long cres — Wmnifred priv sec The Reece Machy Co of Can Ltd r
G, 9 Bexhill ct (Etob) Barraud Laurence interior dec 78 Avenue rd h 5
Pote avenue Barre Eileen M key punch opr McColl-Frontenac Oil r 51
Barnard av —Pauline D Mrs bindery Baker, Gurney & McLaren Press r
73 Fuller av Barreca Anthony S h 155 Shaver av n (Etob) — Cecile
typist Magistrates' Court r 1 Valencia cres (N Y) — John A genl hlpr
Rosco Metal h 6 Priscilla av (Y T) — Len president Builders Products
& Supply Co h 5437 Dundas w (Etob) —Leonard h 230 Melita av --
Motor Sales (victor J Barreca) used car sales 851 & 857 Bloor w —
Russell slsmn h 221 Ledbury (N Y) —Russell realtor h 39 Heather rd
(Leas) --Victor J (Barreca Motor Sales) h 319 Roselawn av — Wm T
(Wm T Barreca Electric Co) h 7 Morewood cres (N Y) — Wm T
Electrical Co (Wm T Barreca) elect contrs 414 Mt Pleasant rd
Barregar Martha E Mrs head cashier A & P r 38 East Lynn av Barrek
Yolanda Mrs (Balkan Cafe) h 75 Sylvan av (Scar) Barrell Amy r 107
Lamb av --Betty jr acctng mach opr Registrar General Prov Sec r 65A
Roncesvalles av — Chas H sec-treas & sis mgr MacLaren Wright Ltd
h 99 Courcelette rd (6car) — E J h 1, 18 Heintzman — Geo H
(Lakeside Cigar Store) h 65A Roncesvalles avenue — John r 173
Roxborough e — Robt acct Royal Bank of Can h 304, 2400 Queen e
(Scar) — S Geo elk The Borden Co Ltd r 65A Roncesvalles av —
Victor cigar store 134 Macdonell av h same Barrelle N G r 559 Huron
Barrelli Domenico emp Tor Pipe & Steel h 81 Brandon avenue Barren
Arthur r 78 Sullivan Barrens Richd G engineer's asst Ont Water
Resources Commn r 51 Manor rd e Barrento Antonio body & fender
man h 119 Seaton Barrer Allan attdt Chas Brocker res Dixie —Eva
emp Olch, Torgov & Silverman r 8 Laurentia cres (N Y) — Harvey
attdt Cloverdale Service Station res Dixie — John pol constable Metro
Pol h 31 Morton rd — John J h 110 Scarborough rd — Mary (Pennell
Advertising) r 8 Laurentia cres (NY) Barrese Jos pntr Design Craft
Ltd h 237 Silverthorn avenue — Marlene Mrs sec Garfinkel & Biderm
an r 27 Hewitt , avenue — Russell drvr slsmn Acme Farmers Dairy h
144 Lis gar — Sam presser Tip Top Tailors h 14 Chauncey av (Etob)
— Victor collection mgr Distribution Acceptance r 27 Hewitt av
Barresi Vito tlr A G Marr r 613 Manning av Barret Donald pntr h 62
Billings av — Lynn cutter Swift Candn h 3412 Dufferin (N Y) —Lloyd
slsmn Hercules Sales r 21 Aldwych av (E Y) — Mary Mrs h 901
Bathurst —Mavis dom r 229 Glenholme av (Y T) — Wm drvr h 320 ,
136 Kingston rd Barreta John r 246 Euclid av Barreto Antonio pntr's
hlpr Hogan Pontiac h 56 Rose av Barrett A Edwd r 3568 Eglinton av
w (Y T) — Abraham aircraft erector DeHavilland h 3370A Yonge -
Adalina (wid Wm R) h 3568 Eglinton av w (Y T) -Alaska nurse r 113
Chaplin cres -Albt elk Gas Co h 39 Kildonan rd -Albt E electrotyper
Murray Prntg h 79 Arnold av (Thornhill) -Albt L president Burd-
Barrett Limited h 1272 Tecumseh Pk dr (Port Credit) -Alex stkpr
Baker Instruments Limited h 188 Woodville av (E Y) . -Aured box
mkr r 304 Arlington av (Y T) -Alfred carp Anglin Norcorss h 1
Homeview av (YT) -Alfred H emp Gas Co h 276 Gowan av (E Y) -
Alfred J insp TTC h 60 Shudel av -Alfred J B h 337 Sheldrake blvd -
Algy F h 239 Holborne av (BY) -Alice E studt r 16 Rosemary la (F H)
-Ambrose drvr TPT Transport r 61 Hamilton -Amie emp Goodyear
Tire r 104 Eighth (N T) -Ann phys & surg 628 St Clair av w h 310,
460 Winorta dr (Y T) -Anne Mrs h 582 Greenwood av -Anne Mrs
display artist Birks r 202 Roxborough dr —Anne sis mgr Household
Guild h 6, 50 Meadowbrook rd (N Y) -Annie Mrs h 12, 120B Sheridan
av -Archd r 24 Bertmount av _ , _ -Arthur lather Norman Lathing r
38 Lanark av (Y T) -Arthur H h 120 Argyle „ —Augustus janitor
Candn Legion BESL h 15 Somerville av .(Y T) -Austin sheet metal
wkr h 12 Archer -Barbara r 1 Elm av -Barbara M elk Mnfrs Life r 289
Bain av -Beatrice Mrs h 37 Beaty av — Benj W engineer CPR h 22
Corbett av (Y T) -Bernard J trk drvr r 61 Hamilton -Betty emp
American Hat Co r 38 Dartnell av -Bros Ltd Frank A Barrett pres,
Eileen Barrett vice-pres, Lillian L Barrett sec-treas fruit & veg 85
Front e ..Bruce studt r 69 Northbrook rd (E Y) -C Gordon schl prin
Wilmington Av Pub Schl h 320, 200 Ridley blvd (N Y) -CampbeU M
mech engineer Dept of Mines (Ont) h 20 Beechwood cres (EY) „ „„„ .
-Catherine M bkpr Richmond & Sons r 7 , 670 St Clair av west , -
Chas emp Elias Rogers r 447 Clendenan av -Chas insp Candn
Comstock h 46 Humberside av -Chas M br mgr Wm Neilson Co h 56
Riverview Gdns -Chas W clk-in-chg AHied Chemical r 68 Wanita rd ■
- ChrfstopfSr6 D engineering assoc Bell Tel h 116 Wemfol.0v (F H) -
Christopher J prof mech engineer Ont Hydro h 106, 1582 Bathurst (Y
T) x - Clara wtrs Piazza Restaurant r 253 Westmount av (YT) -Clare
elk The Borden Co Ltd r 229 Dunn av —Clarence asst shpr Ingram &
Bell Limited r 239 Milverton blvd -Clarence J elk PO h 210 Donlea dr
(Leas) -Claude sis rep Olivetti (Canada) Ltd r 228 Wilmington av (N
Y) —Clifford chart acct Mechanical Dry Wall h 92 Coleridge av (E Y)
— Colin T messenger Brink's Express Co h 24 Bertmount av — Co
Ltd The Frank R Storen dist sis mgr roofing, chemicals & road
materials s s Keating & Saul ter — Craig r 22 Cherrywood av (Y T) —
Cyril F slsmn Addressograph- Multigraph h 167 Treverton dr (Scar) —
David designer A V Roe h 1, 7 Meadowbrook rd (N Y) — David G elk
fire dept Leaside Municipal Offices r 31 Droxford av (Scar) —David G
mech Logan Motor Service h 30
 -72barrett — -Stan engineer A V Roe h 13K, Bexhill ct
(Etob) — Stanley r 747 Palmerston av — Stanley repeat buyer
Eatons h 41 Lillington av (Scar) —Sydney F h 132 Bellefair av —Ted
taxi drvr h 1635 Dupont — Terrance C slsmn Burroughs Adding
Machine h 404 , 68 Hillside dr (E Y) — Thos emp Howard A Barrett r
38 Dartnell av — Thos assmblr Moffats h 37 Je'smond av (Y T) —
Thos asst suprvsr House of Providence r 65 Power —Thos DVA h 119
GuestviUe 'av (Y T) — Thos insp Can Wire & Cable r 152 Dewhurst
blvd (E Y) — Thos L suprvsr Star h 292 Melrose av — Timothy J agt
The Prudential Ins Co of America h 139 Withrow av — Tom emp J o
Dougalls h 411 Quebec av — Velma hairdresser Mulloy Beauty Salon
r 116 Lyall av — Vera (wid Richd) h 266 Hiawatha rd — Vera M
cashier Dom Stores h 192 Perth av — Violet Mrs h 16 Louisa (Mim)
—Violet Mrs office elk Eatons r 109 Sheridan av —Violet L Mrs
stenog CGE r 8 Falwyn av (Y T) — W A with Can Packers r 3485
Joan dr (Cooksville) — W C h 68 Prince Arthur av — Wallace
surveyor York Twp r 45 Teignmouth av (YT) —Wallace W h 123
Dunvegan rd (F H) — Walter marker Eatons r 747 Palmerston av —
Walter G emp Howard A Barrett h 307 , 407 Gerrard e — Warren
pntr W R Mothersill h 250 Jones av — Wilbert H h 10 Fennings —
Wilhelmina M elk York Twp Hydro h 295 Blackthorn av (Y T) — Wm
assmblr Electric Storage Battery h 8, 3218 St Clair av e (Scar) — Wm
trav Ont Hydro h 22 Gailwood dr (N Y) — Wm A pekr Maple Leaf
Milling h 1961 Keele (Y T) — Wm C with Tor Hydro h 336 Belsize dr
— Wm C sis correspondent Can Line Materials h 19 Medonte av
(Scar) — Wm F slsmn Excelsior Life Ins h 1, 310 The Kingsway
(Etob) — Wm J bin filler Tor Elevators h 22 Thora av (Scar) — Wm J
firemn Ont Hydro r 182 Lambton av (Y T) — Wm S h 297 Booth av
— Wm W (Kingsmill, Mills, Price & Fleming) h 22 Edgar av Barrette
Albt J degnr Eatons h 508 , 85 Wellesley e — Donald J trk drvr
Streets Division (City) h 6 Locust (Y T) — Ida Mrs emp Savarin r 339
Woodbine av — Louis h 44 Vernon — Maurice G with Tor Hydro h 67
Kencliff cres (Scar) — Norman emp Metro Tor h 14 Stonehouse cres
Barretts Fred h 268 Seaton Barrey Stanley insp Avro Can Ltd h 243
Browning av (E Y) Barriage Barbara emp East Genl Hosp r 661
Cosburn av (E Y) — Harold C trk drvr York Trading r 661 Cosburn av
(E Y) —Harold E with Ont Food Terminal h 661 Cosburn av (E Y) --
Lillian h 12 Delroy dr (Etob) — Marie emp A R Clarks r. 661 Cosburn
av (E Y) Barriautt Allred constn wkr h 101 Wneaier av — Ulysse
mach Hinde & Dauch h 198 Dovercourt rd Barrick C Grey tchr
Humberside Coll Inst h 62 Lyndhurst av — Eleanor opr Adams
Brands Ltd h 88 Fitzgibbon av (Scar) — Fredk caretkr York Twp Bd of
Educ h 21 Holwood av (Y T) — Gordon N methods & systems mgr A
B Dick Company of Canada Ltd h 11 Gaydon av (N Y) — J Edmund r
62 Lyndhurst av — Murray J builder h 7 Crediton ct (Etob) — Ralph
photo engraver Bomac h 81 Badgerow av — Ralph 'N h 166 Briar Hill
av — Ralph P with Underwood Limited h 28 Touraine av (N Y1 --
Russell assmblr Saveo Ltd h 2 Albion av (Scar) Barrie A Russell h 205
Lake Shore dr (N T) — Agnes stenog Wix Co h 54 Southwood dr —
Ann r 12, 158 Berry rd (Etob) —Betty emp National Business
Publications h 54 Southwood dr — Danl h 54 Victoria , (Mim) —
David C underwriter Genl Accident Assce h 15 Fitzgibbon av (Scar)
— David M acct London & Lancashire Ins h 211, 12 Bater av (E Y) —
Doris M slsldy Eatons r 3 Pepler av (E Y) — Dorothy typist r 754A St
Clair av w — Elizth (wid Alex) h 59 Sprucehill rd — Examiner The
The Thomson Co Ltd publishers 2514,. 44 King w — Florence
(Amherst Printing Co) h 65 Burgess av —Geo accts payable Dalex Co
Ltd h 8, 331 Falstaff av (N Y) —Geo N h 58R Rhodes av —Gordon
sheet metal wkr r 312 Wallace av — Gordon pol constable Metro Pol
r 133 Parkview Hills cres (E Y) — H J path U of T Dept of Pathology
& Bacteriology res King — Isabell insp Eatons r 754A St Clair av w —
J H E h 11 St Hilda's av — Jas tractor shop mech Geo W Crothers
Limited h 26 Hillary av — Jas M aircraft fitter DeHavilland h 428A
Summerhill av — Jas N maintenancemn York Twp r 26 Hillary av
(YT) — Jenny h 1027 Woodbine av (E Y) — John slsmn r 7 Gibson av
— Keith production asst Film Companies h 1007, 484 Church —
Kenneth electro-plater Northern Platers h 422 Montrose av —
Kenneth electro plater r 10 Northview av (Scar) —Lawrence L with
Tor Hydro h 141 Horsham av (NY) — Mae E (wid John) guest house
92 Crescent rd h same — Maisie (wid Robt R) h 138 Grey rd (N Y) —
Marianne law studt h 6. Clarendon cres — Marjorie stenog S S
Kresge r 8 Gardens cres — May r 79 Armadale av (Swan) — Nat carp
Soules Constn h 924 Logan av — Peter h 23B, 338 Bloor e —
Raymond E maint staff Crouse Hinds r 3 Pepler av (E Y) — Robt City
Public Works h 1, 197 Danforth av — Robt emp Dom Bridge h 754A
St Clair av w — Robt r 54 Southwood dr — Robt trk drvr Victoria
Paper h 70 Doncaster av (EY) — Robt H steelwkr Dom Bridge r 754A
St Clair av w —Roger h 40 Rexford rd (Y T) — Roger O office serv
suprvsr DuPont Co of Can (1956) Ltd h 7 Golfhaven dr (Scar) —
Ronald asst suprvsr reservation dept CPR h 53 Nealon av (E Y) —
Rubert G emp Tor Daily Star h 10 Northview av (Scar) — Thos emp
Rennie's Seeds r 32 Earlscourt av — Thos mech Dept Property h 279
Highfield rd — Trudy emp Royal Bank r 223 Milverton blvd — Wm C
wood pattern mkr Neptune h 3 Pepler av (EY) — Wm C R 1 c PO h
45 Cotton av (Scar) Barrieau Marianne nurse Tor Genl Hosp r 13
Roxborough w BARRIEAU — Slivam wldr Fruehaui h 39 Paul David
(N Y) Barrier Harvey G chart acct Campbell Chibougamau Mines Ltd
h 26, 892 Eglinton av e (Leas) — W H h 431 Annette Barrlga
Leonard foremn Can Wire & Cable h 204, 140 Cosburn av (E Y)
Barriger Arnold R elect A V Roe h 14 Cartwright av (N Y) — Russel
photo r 90 Hilton av Barrilari Bruno carp h 178 Palmerston av
Barringer Colleen Mrs slsldy Eatons r 16 Elvina gdns — Mildred E
(wid Wm) h 21 Douglas av Barringham Dorothy A (wid Arthur) h 34
Westchester rd (N Y) — E V acct Clarkson & Gordon h 85 Wheeler av
— Harold agt Prudential Life h 307 Wilson Htd blvd (NY) — Patricia
figure skater r 307 Wilson Htd blvd (N Y) — Wm F H mgr Household
Finance Corp r 1, 128 Broadlands blvd (Don Mills) Barrington Agnes
(wid Jos) h 40 St Leonards av — Chas night clnr North Am Life r 259
Berkeley --Edwin G with Tor Hydro h 293 Durie — G Edwd (J W
Barrington & Son) h 197 Alexandra blvd — Gordon R beef pekr Can
Packers r 69 Raymore dr (Etob) — Gwen free lance writer r 345
Spadina rd — J W & Son (G Edwd Barrington) saddlery, leather &
dog supplies 119 Church — Jas drvr Styline Furniture h 96 Watson
av (Y T) — John D pres & mng dir McIntyre Porcupine Mines h 29
Beechwood rd (N Y) —John R plant supt Dearborn Chem h 810 Mt
Pleasant road — Josephine r 40 St Leonards av — Murray G engineer
r 293 Durie — Neil h 69 Raymore dr (Etob) — Norman F hlk Gutta
Percha r 34 Greenlaw av —Ross C tchr Central High Schl of Com h
84 Hillcrest drive — S (Consumer Merchandising Co) — Smoke Shop
(Mrs Amelia Segal) 2588 Danforth av — Thos r 84 Hillcrest dr —
Vera E Mrs h 302, 2770 Yonge — Wm r 22 Silver Birch av — Wm
Ahl27 Felbrigg av (N Y) Barrio Joe r 561 Concord av Barris Bernard H
vice-pres Universal Sections & Moulding Ltd h 578 Deloraine av (N Y)
— Cissie (wid Sam) h 80 Shelborne av (N Y) — Irnie plmbr h 351
Markham Barristicky Harry emp H Eisen Bag Co r 55 Cecil Barritt
Fred W emp Conti Can h 444 Rimilton av (Etob) — Thos W h 195^
Woodville av (E Y) Barrnett Harry emp Bd of Educ h 238 Boulton av
Barron Adele (wid Ludwik) h 435 Lansdowne av —Agnes h 414, 755
Avenue rd n —Agnes E stat elk H J Heinz Co r 301 Main n (Wstn) --
Alex E president Fry & Co h 8 Glen Allan rd (N Y) — Alex with Tor
Hydro h 1099 Davenport rd — Alex R W foremn Streets Division
(City) h 9 Kingsmere cres (Scar) —Alma (wid Arthur) elk Clean-It-
Eria h y2 Monarch Pk av — Bert A h 28 Lillington av tScar) —
Catherine (wid Geo W) h 118 Robina av (Y T) — Dalton tool mkr
Gray Bonney h 60 Teignmouth av (YT) — Danl J mach h 106 Gilbert
av — Danny slsmn r 18, 30 Clearview Hts (Y T) — David bricklayer
Foundation Co of Can r 54 Scollard — David A carp Bank of Mont h 7
Highcliff cres (Scar) --David B insp Dept Natl Def h 206 Gillard av —
Dennis slsmn Brethour Morris r 32 Webb av — Donald W pension div
chief Metro Treas Dept h 125 Melrose av — Dorene r 246 Dundas e -
-Doris I stenog TTC r 15 Clarendon av — Dwight pekr Lynn Paint h
308, 3 Old Meadow Lane (N Y) --Earl plstr h 618 Greenwood av —
Edwd (City Salvage) h 90 Dell Park av (N Y) — Effie r 8 Edna av --
Elizth elk H J Heinz r 301 Main n (Wstn) --Elizth cook Womens
College Hosp h 32 Webb av --Elizth nurse Lever Bros r 203 Sheldrake
blvd — Elizth opr Bell Tel r 228 Chine dr (Scar) — Elsie M r E5, 477
Bayview av (Leas) — Eva h 677 Carlaw av — Eva Mrs recorder
Eatons r 54 Scollard — F Real Estate (Frank Barron) 1022 Danforth
av — Florence r 107 Helena av — Francis elk Star r 173 Madison av
— Frank caretkr Candn Tire h 212 Chambers av (Y T) —Frank (F
Barron Real Estate) h 73 Woodington av —Franklin J plmbr Universal
Plumbing h 51 Gradwell dr (Scar) — Fredk drvr Longsworth Milling h
198 St Marks rd (Y T) --Geo h 249 Grace — Geo h 49 Victoria blvd (Y
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