ENCH2TD: Thermodynamics 1 2024
Tutorial 1
1. A Carnot heat engine operates between a source at 1000 K and a sink at 300 K. If the heat
engine is supplied with heat at a rate of 800 KJ/min. Determine:
(a) the thermal efficiency
(b) the power output of this heat engine (expressed in kW)
2. Consider two Carnot heat engines operating in series. The first engine receives heat from the
reservoir at 1200 K and rejects the waste heat to another reservoir at temperature T. The second
engine receives this energy rejected by the first one, converts some of it to work, and rejects
the rest to a reservoir at 300 K. If the thermal efficiencies of both engines ae the same,
determine the temperature T.
3. A household refrigerator with a COP of 1.8 removes heat from the refrigerated space at a
rate of 90 KJ/min. Determine:
(a) the electric power consumed by the refrigerator (expressed in kW)
(b) the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen air
4. A Carnot refrigerator operates in a room in which the temperature is 25 oC. The refrigerator
consumes 500 W of power when operating and has a COP of 4.5. Determine:
(a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space
(b) the temperature of the refrigerated space
5. A Carnot heat engine receives heat from a reservoir at 900oC at a rate of 800 KJ/min and
rejects the waste heat to the ambient air at 27oC. The entire work output of the heat engine is
used to drive a refrigerator that removes heat from the refrigerated space at -5oC and transfers
it to the same ambient air at 27oC. Determine:
(a) the maximum rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space
(b) the total rate of heat rejection to the ambient air
6. A heat pump is used to heat a house during winter, always maintaining the internal
environment at 21oC. The house is estimated to be losing heat at a rate of 135 000 kJ/h when
the outside temperature drops to -5oC. Determine the minimum power requirement for this heat
pump assuming steady state conditions (expressed in kW).
7. A heat source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at (a) 500 K and (b) 750 K. Determine
which heat transfer process is more irreversible.
8. Liquified natural gas (LNG) is transported by ocean tankers to various ports where it is
unloaded as a gas and then delivered to various users via pipeline. LNG arrives at atmospheric
pressure and 113.7 K and may represent a cold reservoir of a heat engine. What is the maximum
power that can be obtained, and the rate of heat transfer from the hot reservoir, if LNG is
unloaded as a vapour at 9000 m3/s (measured at 25°C and 1.0133 bar) and the heat source
(reservoir) is at 30°C? Assume an ideal gas with a molar mass of 17, and that LNG only absorbs
its latent heat (512 kJ/kg) at 113.7 K.
9. An ideal gas with CV = (5/2)R and CP = (7/2)R goes through the following reversible
thermodynamic cycle:
• 1 – 2 Adiabatic compression
• 2 – 3 Isobaric expansion
• 3 – 4 Adiabatic expansion
• 4 – 1 Isochoric change
Sketch this cycle on PV diagram and determine the thermal efficiency if T1 = 200°C, T2 =
1000°C, and T3 = 1700°C
