Name: Saziso Ntombenhle
Surname: Majola
Student number: 29088895
Module code: DVA1502
Module name : Development Problems and Institutions .
Date: 24 October 2025
Section A
Question 1
The fourth industrial revolution is the use of technologies which makes it too convenient
to do things in noNow a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, the digital
revolution that has been occurring since [Link] of the last century. It is
characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the
physically and digital .
There are similarities between four industrial revolutions and the five ages of
civilization: the hunter and gather age,The agricultural age, the industrial age, the
information worker age, and the emerging age of wisdom. Therefore, [Link] infer the
opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution through the characteristics of these five
ages of Civilization . The information age is replacing the jobs created by the industrial
age. Much of losses in our industrial age jobs have less to do with government policy
and free trade agreements than they do with dramatic shift in our economy to the
knowledge of the [Link] anual workers produced most goods and services
with their bodyworkers produce most goods and services with their mind. Knowledge
workers are the link to a company's other investments. They provide focus, creativity,
and leverage in using those investments toachieve the organization’s objectives more
efficiently. In other words, knowledge is an integral part of total management and cuts
across functional boundaries. The main assets and primary drivers of the industrial age
were machines and capital. People were necessary but replaceable. The management
style of the industrial age simply does not work in the new economy.
Leading researchers argue that the fourth industrial revolution will shape the future
through its impacts on
government and business. People have no control over either technology or the
disruption that comes with the fourth
industrial revolution. However, we can predict the opportunities that comes with the
fourth industrial revolution:
lower barriers between inventors and markets more active role for the artificial
intelligence integration of different technics and domains (fusion), 4) improved quality
of our lives (robotics).
“We stand on the brink of a technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the
way we live, work, and relate To one another. In its scale, scope, and complexity, the
transformation will be unlike anything humankind has Experienced before. We do not
yet know just how it will unfold, but one thing is clear: the response to it must be
Integrated and comprehensive, involving all stakeholders of the global polity, from the
public and private sectors to Academic and civil society.”The evolution of global
industries in the fourth industrial revolution is both exciting and scary. Life will change
with The 3D printing, the IoT, and the fusion of technologies. The fourth industrial
revolution can raise income levels by allowing entrepreneurs to “run” with their new
ideas. It will improve the quality of life for many people around the world.
In addition to the threat of massive job displacement under the ongoing fourth industrial
revolution, there are a variety of challenges, such as cybersecurity, hacking, risk
assessment, and others.
The fourth Industrial revolution may affect society and economy in a variety of ways.
The main effects of this revolution on the business environment are the impact it will
have on consumer expectations, product quality, the move toward collaborative
Innovation, and innovations in organizational forms.
Question 4
4.1 Plagiarism is the use of somebody else’s work without proper citation.
4.2 It is when you copy the work and summarizing it also making it look like it is your
own original work.
( i) You properly cite the source by listing the references alphabetically.
(ii) All the references in your study guide will be at the end of the note on the .
Question 5
5.1The main aims of the National Health Insurance (NHI) are to achieve universal
access to quality healthcare. Establish a single fund that acts as the main purchaser of
healthcare services to ensure fairer distribution and use of resources, which aims to end
the fragmentation of the current quality [Link] overall health outcomes and
system efficiencies by standardizing charging rates, standardizing service quality, and
ensuring that public and private sectors work together more effectively.
5.2Educational inequalities in Africa are influenced by numerous systemic factors that
create significant barriers to fair and inclusive education. These inequalities affect the
quality of learning, access to resources, and overall educational outcomes, often
reinforcing a cycle of poverty and social stratification. Children who are from poor
background can be forced to work because of the financial struggle. Forcing the children
to drop out of school of. Rural school often lack of infrastructure like clean water and
electricity.
5.3Dominant groups may marginalize certain individuals or communities and limit their
involvement in decision-maDevelopment agencies or donor organizations may control
funding and project timelines, which undermines local ownership and autonomymaking
processes. Those with more power or influence can control the agenda, suppress
dissenting opinions, and ensure outcomes align with their interests, rather than the
needs of the broader community. These power differences can exist between various
[Link] may lack the necessary skills, knowledge, or literacy to
effectively engage in complex planning and decision-making activities. This creates a
reliance on external “experts” and limits local influence.
References
Al-Rodhan, N. (2015). The Moral Code: How to Teach Robots Right and Wrong. Retrieved
from
Anderson, C. (2012). Makers: The New Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown
Publishing.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2015). Will Humans Go the Way of Horses: Labor in the
Second Machine Age.
Brynjolfsson, E., McAfee, A., & Spence, M. (2014). New World Order: Labor, Capital, and
th
Ideas in the Power Law Covey, S. (2005). The 8 Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness
st
(1 Free Press trade). New York: Free Press.
