MANAGE COMPUTER DEVICES
It involves manage computer devices, manage desktop settings, perform file management,
manage computer software and perform online jobs.
1. CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF HARDWARE DEVICES
Input Devices
Devices used to enter data and commands into the computer.
Examples:
o Keyboard: Enters alphanumeric data.
o Mouse: Controls the pointer for GUI interaction.
o Scanner: Digitizes physical documents.
o Microphone: Captures audio input.
Output Devices
Present processed data to the user in a readable form.
Examples:
o Monitor: Displays visual output.
o Printer: Produces physical documents.
o Speakers: Outputs sound.
o Projector: Enlarges screen content for display on walls or boards.
Processing Devices
These process instructions from programs and user inputs.
Main Component:
o CPU (Central Processing Unit): The “brain” of the computer that handles all
logical and arithmetic operations.
Processing Devices: CPU, GPU, RAM.
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Storage Devices
Used to store data permanently or temporarily.
Examples:
o HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Large-capacity storage with moving parts.
o SSD (Solid State Drive): Faster storage with no moving parts.
o RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory used to store data temporarily
during operations.
Communication Devices
Allow data exchange between computers and networks.
Examples:
o Modem: Converts digital signals to analog for transmission.
o Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects the computer to a network.
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INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
Motherboard
The main circuit board that connects all other components.
Hosts the CPU, RAM, chipset, storage interfaces, and expansion slots.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Executes instructions and performs data processing.
Speeds are measured in GHz and depend on the number of cores.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Temporarily stores data that is being used by active applications.
More RAM means better multitasking.
Storage Drives
HDDs offer more space at lower cost but are slower.
SSDs are faster and more reliable, especially for system boot drives.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Converts AC power from the wall into DC power for the computer.
Powers all internal components.
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Peripheral devices are external hardware components connected to a computer that enhance its
functionality but are not part of the core computing system. They can be input devices, output
devices, or storage devices. Examples include keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and USB
drives.
Types of Peripheral Devices:
a. Input Devices:
Allow users to enter data and commands into the computer, such as keyboards, mice, scanners,
microphones, and joysticks.
b. Output Devices:
Present information from the computer to the user, such as monitors, printers, speakers, and
projectors.
c. Storage Devices:
Store data, such as hard drives, USB drives, and optical drives.
d. Network Devices:
Facilitate communication between computers and networks, such as modems and network
interface cards.
PORTS AND CONNECTIONS
USB Ports
Used to connect devices like flash drives, printers, and cameras.
HDMI/VGA Ports
HDMI: High-definition video/audio output.
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VGA: Older analog video connection.
Ethernet Port
Connects to routers/modems for internet access.
Audio Jacks
For headphones, microphones, and speakers.
FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS PARTS OF A COMPUTER
a) Motherboard: The main circuit board that holds and connects the CPU, RAM, storage
devices, and other components.
b) CPU (Central Processing Unit): The “brain” of the computer, responsible for executing
instructions.
c) RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory for storing active processes.
d) Storage Devices: Devices for storing data (e.g., HDD, SSD).
e) Video Card (GPU): Responsible for rendering images and video to the monitor.
f) USB Ports: Used for connecting external devices like a mouse, keyboard, and storage
devices.
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g) HDMI/VGA: Used to connect the monitor to the system unit.
h) Ethernet Port: Used for network connection.
i) Audio Jacks: For connecting speakers, microphones, etc.
j) Computer Case: The enclosure that holds the computer's internal components. There
are various sizes and designs, such as full towers and mid towers, with space for different
hardware setups.
Cooling: Fans and vents for ventilation to prevent overheating.
k) Monitor: Displays output from the computer.
l) Hard Disk Drive (HDD): A storage device used for long-term data storage. It uses
spinning disks to read/write data.
Speed: Slower than SSD but offers larger storage at a more affordable price.
m) Video Card (GPU): Handles rendering and processing graphical data. Essential for tasks
like gaming or video editing.
BOOTING THE COMPUTER
Booting
The sequence of processes initiated when the computer is powered on.
BIOS/UEFI starts and checks components before loading the operating system.
Cold Booting
Powering on the system from a completely off state.
Initializes all hardware components from scratch.
Warm Booting
Restarting the system without cutting power.
Used after updates or when applying certain settings.
DISASSEMBLING A COMPUTER
For every job, there is a right tool. Using the correct tools makes tasks easier, safer, and ensures
proper hardware maintenance and repairs.
Categories of Hardware Tools
Hardware tools are classified into four main categories:
1. ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) Tools
2. Hand Tools
3. Cleaning Tools
4. Diagnostic Tools
1. ESD Tools (Electrostatic Discharge Protection)
Anti-Static Wrist Strap:
o Helps prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) that can damage sensitive computer
components.
o Should be grounded to the computer chassis during repairs.
Anti-Static Mat:
Prevents static electricity build-up on hardware or the technician.
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Used to stand on or place hardware to protect components.
2. Hand Tools
Essential tools for assembling, disassembling, and repairing hardware:
Screwdrivers: Used to tighten or loosen screws.
Pliers: Helps in gripping and bending wires or small components.
Tweezers: Used for handling tiny components like jumpers or chips.
3. Cleaning Tools
Used to maintain computer components by removing dust and debris:
Compressed Air: Removes dust from keyboards, fans, and circuit boards.
Microfiber Cloth: Cleans screens and other delicate surfaces.
Alcohol-Based Cleaning Solutions: Used to clean connectors and remove sticky residue.
4. Diagnostic Tools
Used for troubleshooting and testing computer hardware:
Multimeter: Measures electrical voltage, resistance, and continuity.
Cable Tester: Checks network or power cables for faults.
POST (Power-On Self-Test) Card: Helps diagnose motherboard boot issues.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Always use the right tool for the task.
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Keep tools organized in a toolkit for easy access.
Follow ESD safety measures when handling sensitive components.
Power off and unplug devices before repairs.
Avoid high-voltage components like power supplies.
SAFETY FIRST
Turn off power and unplug the system.
Use an anti-static wrist strap to prevent electrostatic discharge.
Work on a clean, static-free surface.
CLEANING COMPUTER DEVICES
Internal Cleaning
Use compressed air to remove dust from fans, CPU heatsink, and other components.
Do not use water or household cleaners.
External Cleaning
Use a microfiber cloth with isopropyl alcohol.
Clean keyboards, monitor screens, and mouse surfaces gently.
Maintenance Tips
Clean every 3–6 months.
Keep the system in a cool, dry, and dust-free area.
DISASSEMBLING A COMPUTER
1. Open the case using appropriate tools.
2. Disconnect internal cables (power connectors).
3. Remove components like RAM, hard drive, and graphics card gently.
4. Label screws and parts for reassembly.
ASSEMBLING A COMPUTER
Installation Order
1. Install the PSU into the case.
2. Place the motherboard and secure it.
3. Insert the CPU and apply thermal paste.
4. Attach the CPU cooler.
5. Install RAM into the correct slots.
6. Mount storage drives.
7. Connect power and data cables.
8. Close the case and connect external peripherals.
9. Power-On Test
Plug in monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
Power on the system and access BIOS to confirm setup.
10. Connecting and Configuring Peripheral Devices
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11. Connection
Use USB, HDMI, Bluetooth, or wireless interfaces.
Ensure drivers are installed automatically or manually from manufacturer websites.
12. Configuration
Use “Devices and Printers” in Control Panel (Windows).
Adjust settings like default printer, display resolution, or audio output device.
TROUBLESHOOTING BASIC HARDWARE ISSUES
Common Display Issues
Ensure monitor is powered on and cables are secure.
Try a different display cable or monitor.
Check if the correct video output is selected in BIOS or system settings.
General Troubleshooting Steps
Restart the system.
Check connections.
Replace suspected faulty components.
Use built-in diagnostic tools.
